Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 1 of 8

Table S1. List of studies included in this meta-analysis.

Citation Location Elevation (m) MAT (°C) MAP (mm) Year of Grazing Exclusion Grassland Type

Cao, 2010 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 −0.1 416 9 Alpine meadow

Cao, 2010 Sunan, Gansu 2873 −0.3 350 8 Alpine meadow

Cao, 2010 Subei, Gansu 2715 6.3 183 6 Alpine desert steppe

Chen, 2010 Maqu, Gansu 3570 1.2 620 8 Alpine meadow

Du et al., 2020 Hongyuan, Sichuan 3500 1.1 752 4 Alpine meadow

Du et al., 2020 Hongyuan, Sichuan 3500 1.1 752 8 Alpine meadow

Gao et al., 2011 Hongyuan, Sichuan 3500 1.1 752 5 Alpine meadow

Gao et al., 2011 Hongyuan, Sichuan 3500 1.1 752 10 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2012 Gangca, Qinghai 3287 −0.5 370 6 Alpine steppe

Li et al., 2015 Tianjun, Qinghai 3785 −1.5 360 2 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2015 Gonghe, Qinghai 3231 4.1 312 2 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2016 Maqin, Qinghai 3700 −0.2 494 8 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2017 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 −0.1 416 4 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2018 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 −0.1 416 3 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2018 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 −0.1 416 6 Alpine meadow

Li et al., 2018 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 −0.1 416 9 Alpine meadow

Li, 2013 Gonghe, Qinghai 2918 3.5 335 － Alpine steppe

Li, 2016 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 0.8 425 4 Alpine meadow

Liu, 2005 Songpan, Sichuan 3400 2.8 718 － Alpine meadow

Lu et al., 2015 North － － － 7 Alpine meadow Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 8

Lu et al., 2015 North Tibet － － － 7 Alpine steppe

Lu et al., 2015 North Tibet － － － 7 Alpine desert steppe

Luan et al., 2014 Zoige, Sichuan 3433 0.9 657 5 Alpine meadow

Ma et al., 2016 Hongyuan, Sichuan 3485 1.4 749 5 Alpine meadow

Qi, 2005 Gangca, Qinghai 3310 −0.6 371 3 Alpine steppe

Qiao et al., 2012 Menyuan, Qinghai 3400 −1.7 580 8 Alpine meadow

Qiu et al., 2017 Qilian Mountain 3600 −1.0 425 2 Alpine meadow

Shang et al., 2017 Subei, Gansu 2715 6.3 153 6 Alpine desert steppe

Shi et al., 2010 Songpan, Sichuan 3400 2.8 718 7 Alpine meadow

Shi et al., 2013 Tianzhu, Gansu 3600 −0.1 416 8 Alpine meadow

Su, 2015 Gongbo'gyamda, Tibet 4450 3.8 550 3 Alpine meadow

Sun et al., 2014 , Tibet 4675 0 300 2 Alpine steppe

Sun, 2012 , Tibet 3579 1.2 620 6 Alpine meadow

Sun, 2012 Nagqu, Tibet 3579 1.2 620 7 Alpine meadow

Sun, 2012 Nagqu, Tibet 3579 1.2 620 8 Alpine meadow

Tenzin et al., 2018 Nyainrong, Tibet 4616 −0.6 380 5 Alpine meadow

Tenzin et al., 2018 Nyainrong, Tibet 4636 −0.6 380 7 Alpine meadow

Tenzin et al., 2018 Nyainrong, Tibet 4607 −0.6 380 11 Alpine meadow

Wang et al., 2005 Darlag, Qinghai 4090 −1.2 537 5 Alpine meadow

Wang et al., 2006 Darlag, Qinghai 4000 −1.3 577 6 Alpine meadow

Wang et al., 2010 Maqu, Gansu 3500 1.2 620 9 Alpine meadow

Wang, 2009 Gangca, Qinghai 3280 −0.6 423 7 Alpine steppe

Wei et al., 2012 Namco, Tibet 4730 −0.6 290 4 Alpine steppe Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 8

Wu et al., 2010 Maqu, Gansu 3500 1.2 620 9 Alpine meadow

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4684 −1.2 494 4 Alpine meadow Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4715 −1.9 484 4 Alpine meadow Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4623 −1.1 508 4 Alpine meadow Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4582 −1.1 448 4 Alpine steppe Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4640 −0.7 402 4 Alpine steppe Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4600 0.2 212 4 Alpine steppe Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4448 0.1 171 4 Alpine desert steppe Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4477 0.9 148 4 Alpine desert steppe Reserve, Tibet

Changtang Nature Wu et al., 2013 4607 1.3 120 4 Alpine desert steppe Reserve, Tibet

Yang et al., 2016a Maqin, Qinghai 3763 -0.5 514 10 Alpine meadow

Yang et al., 2016b Yushu, Qinghai 3910 － 537 9 Alpine meadow

Yang et al., 2016c Hongyuan, Sichuan 3480 0.9 690 5 Alpine meadow

Yang et al., 2018 Hongyuan, Sichuan 3480 0.9 690 5 Alpine meadow

Yi et al., 2014 Gongbo'gyamda, Tibet 4450 3.8 646 2 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2015 Tianzhu, Gansu 2960 -0.1 416 7 Alpine meadow Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 8

Yu et al., 2019 Gade, Qinghai 4017 −0.01 509 8 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Gade, Qinghai 4168 −0.91 497 5 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Gade, Qinghai 4106 −0.9 529 6 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Gonghe, Qinghai 2864 5.9 339 11 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Guinan, Qinghai 3352 2.5 388 2 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Henan, Qinghai 3543 0.9 613 7 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Henan, Qinghai 3543 0.9 613 6 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Jigzhi, Qinghai 3725 1.3 665 6 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Maqin, Qinghai 3969 −0.9 549 4 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Menyuan, Qinghai 3169 0.9 776 8 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Nangchen, Qinghai 4489 4.4 581 4 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Qumarleb, Qinghai 4259 −1.1 435 7 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Qumarleb, Qinghai 4280 −1.0 375 7 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Yushu, Qinghai 4249 0 541 8 Alpine meadow

Yu et al., 2019 Yushu, Qinghai 4188 −0.1 499 5 Alpine steppe

Yu et al., 2019 Zhidoi, Qinghai 4173 0.1 474 3 Alpine steppe

Zhang, 2015 Maqu, Gansu 3585 1.2 564 1 Alpine meadow

Zhang, 2017 Hezuo, Gansu 2950 2.4 550 － Alpine meadow

Note: MAT—mean annual temperature; MAP—mean annual precipitation.

Table S2. Person correlation coefficients (r) between the annual soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change, the annual soil total nitrogen (STN) change, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the duration of grazing exclusion.

Annual SOC stock change (% year−1) Annual STN stock change (% year−1)

r n r n Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 8

MAT (℃) 0.129 94 0.156 98

MAP (mm) 0.155 95 0.128 98

Duration (year) −0.019 98 −0.119 101

Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 8

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