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INDIANA MEDICAL HISTORY
QUARTERLY

INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Volume IX, Number 1
March, 1983

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The Indiana Medical History Quarterly is published by the Medical History

Section of the Indiana Historical Society, 315 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis Indiana 46202.

EDITORIAL STAFF
CHARLES A. BONSETT, M.D., Editor 6133 East 54th Place Indianapolis, Indiana 46226

ANN G. CARMICHAEL, M.D., Ph.D., Asst. Editor 130 Goodbody Hall Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47401

KATHERINE MANDUSIC MCDONELL, M.A., Managing Editor Indiana Historical Society 315 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46202

MEDICAL HISTORY SECTION COMMITTEE
CHARLES A. BONSETT, M.D., Chairman
JOHN U. KEATING, M.D. BERNARD ROSENAK, M.D. WILLIAM M. SHOLTY, M.D.
KENNETH G. KOHLSTAEDT, M.D. DWIGHT SCHUSTER, M.D. W. D. SNIVELY, JR., M.D.
MRS. DONALD J. WHITE

Manuscripts for publication in the Quarterly should be submitted to Katherine
McDonell, Indiana Medical History Section, Indiana Historical Society, 315 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. All manuscripts (including footnotes) should be typewritten, double-spaced, with wide margins and footnotes at the end. Physicians’ diaries, casebooks and letters, along with nineteenth century medical books and photographs relating to the practice of medicine in Indiana, are sought for the Indiana Historical Society Library. Please contact Robert K. O’Neill, Director, Indiana Historical Society Library, 315 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. The Indiana Medical History Museum is interested in nineteenth century medical artifacts for its collection. If you would like to donate any of these objects to the Museum, please write to Dr. Charles A. Bonsett, Indiana Medical History Museum, Old Pathology Building, 3000 West Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222.

Copyright 1983 by the Indiana Historical Society Pictured on the cover is an interior scene of the Women’s Department (Seven Steeples) at Central State Hospital during the 1920’s. (Photograph in the collection of the Indiana Historical Society Library.)

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IN THIS ISSUE
This issue of the Quarterly deals with the age-old problem of mental illness. In spite of ever-progressive knowledge and change, the problem of caring for the mentally ill will always be with us. The articles which follow represent three different, and yet equally provocative, approaches tothe history ofmental health care in Indiana during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The first article, by Dr. Hugh C. Hendrie, describes Central State Hospital from the perspective oflocal twentieth century newspapers (with primary emphasis on the year 1973). Newspaper articles, particularly during this period, tend to be highly critical of the hospital. The reader of these periodic expose's is left with an indelible impression that something is grossly amiss with the system, the hospital, or its management.
Dr. Hendrie’s unique and enlightening topic, if expanded to cover the hospital’s
135-year history, would make a most interesting book since controversial events, attracting the attention of the press, also have occurred from time to time during the nineteenth century. Dr. James Athon of Central State, for example, in response to the state legislature’s failure to make the necessary appropriation in 1857, returned his patients to the communities from which they were committed. This action prompted an immediate response from the press, and from the legislature. Dr. William B. Fletcher, the Hoosier Pinel who became superintendent in 1883, initiated his term by making a public bonfire using all the hospital’s mechanical restraints. Although the medical reform implicit in this act was long overdue, he was promptly rebuked on the editorial page of the local press. Later, when he exposed the graft, political corruption, and abuse taking place in the state hospital system, he was fired.
In the second article, the late Carrie (White) Lively (1871-1957) reminisces about her experiences as a ward attendant, first at Central State Hospital (or more correctly, at the Indiana Hospital for the Insane as it was designated at that time), and later at East Haven in Richmond, Indiana. Mrs. Lively’s experiences within the state hospital system occupy about twoyears, most ofwhich was at the Richmond hospital at the turn of the century. It is important to bear in mind that she began her work at Central Hospital with no preparation or training. She was a young widow (about twenty-nine years old with four children to support) who was suddenly confronted with the task of attending to society’s most severe examples of mental illness. However unpleasant the task, her family responsibilities made her persevere. Further, she was a sympathetic person, identifying with her patients, which made her sensitive to what she considered their abusive treatment.
The following information may be useful to fully appreciate Mrs. Lively’s article.
The state hospital system, then as now, was underfunded. Dr. George Edenharter, superintendent at the time that Carrie Lively worked at Central State, strove for economic efficiency through a very tightly structured organization. His period of superintendency (1893-1923) was characterized by progress and growth, and the newspaper coverage of his period is generally of a laudatory nature. Actually Central State’s high water mark in public esteem was achieved during the Edenharter years, and since his superintendency the hospital course has been slowly but progressively downhill. Mrs. Lively’s observations, which are critical of Edenharter, then are especially noteworthy as they describe problems existing during a more salutary

3

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INDIANA MEDICAL HISTORY QUARTERLY

period of the hospital’s history.
Dr. Ellen Dwyer provides the final article for this issue. She tells of the medical and budgetary limitations of the system which permitted the development of the symptomatology described by Hendrie and Lively. Dr. Dwyer provides a brief outline of the history and development of the mental health institutions in Indiana and why they have functioned in a less than perfect manner. Her scholarly article provides the perspective necessary to visualize the overall problem, an essential first step in comprehending this most complex subject.

Charles A.   Bonsett, M.D. Editor and Chairman

George P. Edenharter served as superintendent of Central State from 1893 to 1923. (Photograph in the collection of the Indiana Historical Society Library.)

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PRESS COVERAGE OF CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL:
ALARMS AND EXCURSIONS

Hugh C. Hendrie*
There is a perception held by observers and critics of the health professions that physicians are inadequately trained to practice medicine in this modern complex society. Doctors are too often puzzled and irritated by the patient’s response (or lack of it) to their well-meaning advice and bewildered and often angered by their interactions with governments, hospitals, or insurance companies. The fault, say critics, lies not in the medical student’s mastery of medical science and technology, but in his or her ability to place the practice of medicine within its societal context.
This problem, however, has not passed unnoticed among medical educators. To quote Henry Sigerist:

Medical education can never reach definite forms, but isobliged to adapt itself to ever-changing conditions. Every society required of its physicians certain qualities such as knowledge, skill, devotion to patients, conscientiousness. But the position of the physician in society and the tasks assigned to him changed and were determined primarily by the social and economic structure of a given society and by the scientific and technical means available to medicine at that time.1

The educator’s dilemma then is determining an appropriate vehicle to teach this health-societal interaction. Concentration on present-day issues is fraught with problems because educators are also integral members of their culture. It is difficult to distance oneself from society to observe objectively its effect on medicine. Sometimes it is much easier to perceive, for example, the effects ofthe political process on the practice of medicine in foreign cultures like the Soviet Union than it is to observe a similar process in one’s own country.
There is one possible method of conveying the relationship between medicine and society in an unbiased manner. Again, to quote Sigerist discussing the teaching of medical history:

It should give us a more complete picture of this development of civilization and ... should make us aware [of] where we come from in medicine, at what point we are standing today, and in what direction we are marching.2

It was with this aim in mind that I considered incorporating histories of the treatment of the mentally ill in teaching clinical psychiatry to medical students. However, upon inspecting these documents, one is reminded of the Japanese film Rashomon, which was devoted to the exploration of a single event as remembered in different ways by the participants. So in the history of psychiatry, one has the “insider’s” view of it being a triumphal procession to the present state of enlightenment, contrasted with that of the social critic who perceives it as an increasingly sophisticated medium for social repression.

‘Hugh C. Hendrie is Albert E. Sterne professor and chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at Indiana University School ofMedicine. This paper, originally entitled “Institutionalizing the Insane,”was delivered at the Indiana Historical Society’s annual meeting on November 7, 1981. The author wishes to thank Michele Rudnick for her research assistance during the summer of 1981.

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INDIANA MEDICAL HISTORY QUARTERLY
6

The present study arose from the hypothesis that perhaps one could examine best the interrelationships between society and psychiatry by utilizing the Rashomon-like qualities of the various reminiscences to construct parallel views of a representative institution. As Central State was a convenient, and in many ways, archetypical institution, I undertook to explore the history of the hospital from the viewpoint of 1) the involved professionals — primarily drawn from the superintendent’s reports; 2) the public — mostly from newspaper accounts; 3) the patients — using oral history techniques; and 4) the legislators — from the governors’ papers and other sources. This, as I am now aware, is a monumental task which may well take the rest of my professional life to accomplish properly. The following paper therefore represents only a preliminary analysis of a small part of the press coverage of the hospital.
Thanks to the good graces of newspaper reporter Fremont Power, my research assistant and I were able to gain access to the archives of the Indianapolis News and

the Indianapolis Star and its predecessor, the Indianapolis Journal. We

supplemented this with material from the Indianapolis Times (in the Indiana State Library). While there were a number of smaller newspapers which probably ran stories on Central State, we felt these major papers would represent a fair sample of the press coverage during the period. We attempted to record all stories pertaining to Central State Hospital from 1900 through 1975. We are reasonably certain we obtained almost all the articles for the post-1940 period. However, for the pre-1940s we uncovered fewer accounts, making us suspect that a considerable number were missed. We next counted the number of stories each year and in each decade separately. Table I shows this count for the decades from 1940 onward. As one can see, a distinct pattern emerges. A flurry of stories usually occurs in aone-or-twoyear period and is followed by a much longer, relatively quiescent period with the appearance of only a few articles. We then scrutinized the contents ofthese stories, paying particular attention to those years when the most articles were written. For the purposes of this paper, I will follow the press coverage of Central State during 1973, when no fewer then twenty-eight articles about the hospital were published.
Coverage of the hospital began in the May 22,1973, issue ofthe Indianapolis News with an article entitled “Central State Patient Abuse Revealed.”This story was under the byline of Skip Hess and Reginald Bishop. The reporters apparently had carried out a random investigation ofpatients at the hospital. The reasons for the News ’ s investigation are unclear. As a result of this probe, however, Hess and Bishop wrote the

TABLE I

Number of Newspaper Articles Relating to Central State Hospital Per Year of Study

1 9 7 0 - 6 1 9 7 1 - 7
1960 1961 1962

———

11 6
1 9 5 0 - 5 1951 10
1 9 4 0 - 1 1941— 0 1 9 4 2 - 0 1 9 4 3 - 2 1 9 4 4 - 3 1 9 4 5 - 0

—

1972 1973 1974

———

6

  • 0
  • 1 9 5 2 - 1 5

1 9 5 3 - 1 6
28 5
1 9 6 3 - 1 1 9 6 4 - 4 1 9 6 5 - 3 1 9 6 6 - 6
1954

—

3
1 9 7 5 - 6
1 9 5 5 - 6

1 9 5 6 - 4 1 9 5 7 - 5 1 9 5 8 - 9 1 9 5 9 - 1 2
1946 1947

—

3

  • 3
  • 1967

1 9 6 8 - 1 2 1969

—

2

—

1 9 4 8 - 7 1 9 4 9 - 7

—

5

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  • PRESS COVERAGE OF CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL
  • 7

article alleging a number ofabuses. These included: 1) forcing men and women to use the same toilet facilities; 2) subjecting patients to physical and verbal abuse (e.g. an elderly woman patient claimed she was forced to beg forgiveness on her knees to an attendant); 3) failing to properly clean patients’rooms (e.g. some rooms were filled with cockroaches); and 4) using seclusion rooms solely for patient control. When the newspaper reporters approached the superintendent and the chief nurse about the findings, they were promised a full investigation.
The allegations quickly escalated. The May 24, 1973, edition of the Indianapolis
News had as its headline “State Mental Health Group Asks Patient Abuse Probe.”In this story, again written by Skip Hess and Reginald Bishop, the president of the Mental Health Association demanded a full-scale probe into the reports of patient abuse and stated that he was going to “insist upon charges being filed against any person implicated.” At the same time, the president took the opportunity to reproach the legislators, who in the last session had reduced the budgeted hospital personnel funds. He stated that “this may well have forced state hospitals toviolate patient rights to adequate medical treatment and housing.” He went on to invite legislators to visit Central State “to observe the effects of their action on mental patients.”The patients apparently now began to notify the reporters of their willingness to testify for the investigators. One ex-patient said she “was treated like an animal.” She added: “The help I got was the most degrading and most depressing three years of my life.” She blamed the public for these conditions: “Do you really think the public gives a damn about mentally ill pepole?”
The legislators answered the call. The headline of the News on June 1,1973, was
“Bowen Deplores Facilities in Visit to Central State Hospital.”This report was about Governor Bowen’s unannounced hospital visit in which he found the facility “deplorable and shameful.” He discovered, for instance, there were only seven registered nurses at the hospital. Bowen was equally disturbed by the approximately one-to-onehundred ratio of nurses to patients. He stated, however, that the new facilities (which were ordered in September, 1971) were finally being built. Rather slyly, the News added that the new buildings were ordered only after their reporters had conducted a similar investigation in 1971. The article ended with a quotation from Bowen: “We are going to make up for past deficiencies, but it cannot be done at once.”
Revelation now followed revelation. The headline of the June 4, 1973 News was
“Mental Patients Forced to Work Without Pay.” This article explained that mental patients at Central State Hospital were working close to forty hours a week without pay, an obvious violation of federal law. A spokesman for the State Department of Mental Health agreed that they should have been paid, but that the General Assembly had only budgeted $50,000 for patient pay when they needed $2,000,000. One department supervisor stated that with the shortage of hospital employees, it would be impossible to run his department without patient workers. The following day the News carried an article entitled “Two Team Probe of Hospital Set” which stated that the Mental Health Commission had now set up an impartial task force and inspection team to carry out the audit of Central State Hospital. The task force was expected to complete its evaluation within a week.
In the meantime, the sister newspaper, the Indianapolis Star, remained strangely aloof from the scandals, a posture they maintained for the entire year. The newspaper’s first report on Central State Hospital was on June 7, 1973. There, in a story entitled “Central State Construction Work Pushed,”reporters described the new facilities to be opened at least four months ahead of schedule.
Skip Hess, from the News, however, was unrelenting in his coverage. TheJune 11,
1973, story was headlined “Central State Probe Begins.” There, Hess described the seven-man investigation team which included two Indiana State Police detectives.

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INDIANA MEDICAL HISTORY QUARTERLY

The executive assistant governor said that employees should not fear the investigators. He also encouraged former patients and employees to come forward with information on patient abuse. On June 12,1973, the Star once again remained benign. It ran a short article entitled “Special Bus Assists Wheelchair Patients,” describing the Marion County Mental Health Association’s present of a bus, allowing wheelchair patients to be taken to their various activities.
The Indianapolis News, however, increased their barrage. Headlines on June 21,
1973, read “Hospital Patient Denied Treatment.” There, again, Skip Hess described his own independent investigation of psychiatric care at the hospital. Hess discovered 160 mentally ill patients had not been seen or treated by a psychiatrist for more than five months, and in general, found psychiatric care at the hospital inadequate. The assistant superintendent, in response, complained about the inability to hire psychiatrists. In fact, “last week,” he said, “the hospital was just notified to cut $516,000 from their personnel budget,” in marked contrast to what Governor Bowen had stated on the first of June. The executive assistant to the governor, however, disagreed saying management, rather than money, was the problem.
Another story on the subject appeared in the June 26, 1973, News and was headlined “Conditions Filthy at Central State, Probers Tell Board.”This article described the findings of the ten-member board (apparently they had gained three members within a week). They found the conditions at Central State “deplorable and dehumanizing,” and, if the situation was not changed dramatically, the board warned that the two new units “again, will very quickly become an old, new Central State Hospital.” They then cataloged the deplorable conditions, the poor and inhumane care, and the hundreds of code violations they had found in their probe.
The Central State officials fought back. In a June 27,1973, News article, entitled
“Central State Officials Blame Public Legislature” and again written by Skip Hess, the officials of Central State said “ the present situation is a result of a lack of public support, unsympathetic legislators, and inadequate funds.” The News was accepting no excuses, however. In their parallel editorial, “Get on With It,” they stated: “The history of Central State Hospital is laced with alibis, excuses, and buck-passing. Point out a problem, you’ll get a reason why it can’t be eliminated.”They made the point that it is not only additional dollars that were necessary, but also a strong hospital administration that was not content to let deplorable conditions exist. The editorial added that they needed additional financial assistance from the legislature, but said “until that help comes, it is high time that the administration and the staff get on with the job.”
The next article in this series by Skip Hess, “Clean up Ordered at Central State,” appeared in the July 5, 1973, edition of the Indianapolis News. Hess reported that Governor Bowen’s office had announced a program to eliminate all unsanitary conditions at Central State Hospital. To keep the new facilities at Central State in good condition, a project engineer was to be hired. Moreover, seventeen workers from the State Farm Prison in Putnamville were to be brought in to help employees clean up the hospital grounds. Bowen’s investigators also said that they disagreed with the Central State officials’assertion that doctors on leave could not be replaced. “There is no reason in the world their doctors can’t be replaced,”said the executive assistant to the governor.
In the next article by Skip Hess, headlined “Treatment Quality at Central State
Blamed on ‘Politics’” (appearing in the News, July 9, 1973), Central State officials struck back. The assistant superintendent of medical service and clinical director of Central State Hospital said politics was the reason physicians could not achieve their goals in patient care at the hospital. One bone of contention was that the new facilities at Central State were designed to work under the unit clerk plan. According to this

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PRESS COVERAGE OF CENTRAL STATE HOSPITAL

idea, the clerks were to relieve doctors and nurses from paperwork, leaving the professional staff more time for patient care. The 1973 General Assembly, however, did not provide enough funding for the eight clerks needed. “I can’t really put the blame on the legislators, budget, or personnel,” the assistant superintendent said, “it’s just politics.” The article reported that Governor Bowen’s cleanup project was under way. It also stated that the two police detectives in the investigation expected arrests for criminal activity at the hospital.
The following day in an article by Skip Hess, headlined “Central State Blame
Accepted,” a rather unique event occurred. Central State’s chief engineer said he would accept full responsibility for the conditions at Central State Hospital. “I’ll take my lumps but I’m going to get this place straightened out come hell or high water,”he declared. He also said that the expose by the News “laid us wide open.”
That same week on July 12,1973, Skip Hess reported an “allegation”made by two state hospital employees that “a maintenance worker hit a mentally ill patient with his fist__”The employee continued: “All the patient did was ask for a drink ofwater. We

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    P. Hulme Making sense of the native Caribbean Critique of recent attempts to make sense of the history and anthropology of the native Caribbean. These works are based on the writings of Columbus and his companions and assume that there were 2 tribes: the Arawaks and Caribs. Author argues however that much work is needed to untangle the complex imbrication of native Caribbean and European colonial history. In: New West Indian Guide/ Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 67 (1993), no: 3/4, Leiden, 189-220 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl PETER HULME MAKING SENSE OF THE NATIVE CARIBBEAN The quincentenary of the discovery by Caribbean islanders of a Genoese sailor in the service of Spain who thought he was off the coast of China has served to refocus attention on a part of the world whose native history has been little studied. Christopher Columbus eventually made some sense of the Caribbean, at least to his own satisfaction: one of his most lasting, if least recognized, achievements was to divide the native population of the Carib- bean into two quite separate peoples, a division that has marked percep- tions of the area now for five hundred years. This essay focuses on some recent attempts to make sense of the history and anthropology of the native Caribbean, and argues that much work is yet needed to untangle their com- plex imbrication with European colonial history.1 THE NOVEL An outline of the pre-Columbian history of the Caribbean occupies the first chapter of James Michener's block-busting 672-page historical novel, Caribbean, published in 1989, a useful source of popular conceptions about the native populations of the area.
  • Federal Surveillance of Afro-Americans (1917-1925)

    Federal Surveillance of Afro-Americans (1917-1925)

    Revised and Updated FEDERAL SURVEILLANCE OF AFRO-AMERICANS (1917-1925): The First World War, the Red Scare, and the Garvey Movement UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES: Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections August Meier and Elliott Rudwick General Editors FEDERAL SURVEILLANCE OF AFRO-AMERICANS (1917-1925): The First World War, the Red Scare, and the Garvey Movement FEDERAL SURVEILLANCE OF AFRO-AMERICANS (1917-1925): The First World War, the Red Scare, and the Garvey Movement Edited by Theodore Kornweibel, Jr. Associate Editors Randolph Boehm and R. Dale Grinder Guide Compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 NOTE ON SOURCES Materials reproduced in this microfilm publication derive from the National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Washington Federal Records Center, Suitland, Maryland; Federal Records Centers in Ft. Worth, Texas and Bayonne, New Jersey; and from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Freedom of Information Act Office. Materials from the National Archives include selections from: Record Group 28, U.S. Postal Service Record Group 32, U.S. Shipping Board Record Group 38, Office of Naval Intelligence Record Group 59, U.S. Department of State Record Group 60, U.S. Department of Justice Record Group 65, Federal Bureau of Investigation Record Group 165, War Department: General and Special Staffs- Military Intelligence Division Materials from the Washington Federal Records Center, Suitland, Maryland include selections from: Record Group 165, War Department: General and Special Staffs- Military Intelligence Division Record Group 185, U.S. Panama Canal Commission Materials from the Federal Records Centers in Ft.
  • Henry Barracks Military Reservation1: the Evolution of a Military Facility to Public Lands

    Henry Barracks Military Reservation1: the Evolution of a Military Facility to Public Lands

    1 Henry Barracks Military Reservation1: The evolution of a military facility to public lands James J. Prewitt Diaz, MA, MS2 & Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, PhD3 1 A former Military Installation located in Cayey, Puerto Rico. 2 Mr Prewitt Diaz has been studying how geographical areas have been used and re-used as population changes, natural and humanitarian disasters have occurred, and as modernization has taken place. He has a special interest in the evolution of Cayey, as a results he has collected maps, photographs and images over the last fifty years. 3 Dr. Prewitt Diaz is a researcher with experiential knowledge on the Henry Barracks Military Reservation having spent over thirty years doing different activities on the Reservation and the town of Cayey. © 2015 James J. Prewitt Diaz, MA, MS & Joseph O. Prewitt Diaz, PhD 2 Henry Barracks Military Reservation4: The evolution of a Military facility to Public Lands Abstract This paper provides a historical overview of the geographic evolution of the Henry Barracks Military Reservation located in the proximity of the town of Cayey, Puerto Rico (1898 to 1967). The public lands became the University of Puerto Rico-Cayey (UPR-Cayey), the municipality of Cayey, private housing, and the municipality. The paper is divided into four major segments: (1) the Spanish Barracks (1897-1898), (2) Camp Henry (1899-1912), (3) The Cayey Naval Radio Station (1914-1932), (4) Henry Barracks Army Post 1910-1962). The researchers relied on interviews, pictures, and narratives of key informants that either lived, grew-up or used the facilities of Henry Barracks Army Post.
  • Col. Barton Called to Supervise Eastern S. A. T. C. District College Of

    Col. Barton Called to Supervise Eastern S. A. T. C. District College Of

    Vol. XXI, No. 4 [PBICE TWELVE CENTS] October 17, 1918. Col. Barton Called to Supervise Eastern S. A. T. C. District College of Agriculture Consulted in Training Convalescent Soldiers Scholarships Provided in Will of the Late E. C. Kenney '82 Nearly all the Campus Restaurants Used as Mess Halls Twelve Military Casualties This Week Including Seven Deaths ITHACA, NEW ΎOEK CORNELL ALUMNI NEWS CASCADILLA The Farmers' Loan Do You Use The Leading Preparatory School for and Trust Company CORNELL 16, 18, 20, 22 William St., New York On the edge of the University Campus Pres's Clippings? Branch 475 Fifth Ave. Good living. Athletics. It will more than pay you to Certificate Privilege. LONDON 16 PaU Mall East, S. W. 1 secure our extensive service cover- 26 Old Broad Street, B.C. 2 Exceptional for College Entrance Work ing all subjects, trade and personal, PARIS...... ...41 Boulevard Haussman and get the benefit of the best and A. M. Drummond, M.A., Principal most systematic reading of all Ithaca, N. Y. LETTERS OF CREDIT papers and periodicals, here and FOREIGN EXCHANGES Trustees CABLE TRANSFERS abroad, at minimum cost. Franklin C. Cornell Ernest Blaker Our service is taken by progres- Charles D. Bostwick sive business men, publishers, au- Herbert G. Ogden thors, collectors, etc., and is the Under same direction card index for securing what you E. E., '97 need, as every article of interest Cascadilla Tutoring School Attorney and Counsellor at Law Succeeding the widely known is at your command. Patents and Patent Causes 120 Broadway New York Write for terms or send your Sturgis School order for 100 clippings at $5, or Special Summer Courses 1,000 clippings at $35.
  • (L0kutald . .Bulktin

    (L0kutald . .Bulktin

    Full Text of the New Draft Questionnaire Published in This Issue; Complete Information for the Men Who Must Register September 12 (l0Kutald_. .Bulktin PUBLISHED DAILY under order of THE PRESIDENT of THE UNITED STATES by COMMITTEE on PUBLIC INFORMATION GEORGE CREEL, Chairman * * * COMPLETE Record of U. S. GOVERNMENT Activities VOL. 2 WASHINGTON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1918.- No. 406 BREWING OPERATIONS TO STOP U.S. TRANSPORT ISTORPEDOED ALLIES ONLY TEN MILES DECEMBER I AS WAR MEASURE BUT ISABLE TO RETURN TO PORT FROM HINDENBURG LINE FOOD ADMINISTRATION STATES The IMount Vernon, Formerly German Ship Cecelie, on Way AT THE FARTHEST POINT PRESIDENT CONSULTED ON ACTION to America When Struck. GENERAL MARCH STATES Food, Fuel, and Railroad Adminis- Secretary Daniels announced yester- trations and War Industried Board day that he had received a dispatch stat- TELLS OF CASUALTIES ing that the U. S. S. Mfount Vernon was Agree on the Necessity for Cessa- struck by a torpedo Thursday while on the return voyage about 200 miles from Gen. PershingReports That tion of Malting Processes. the coast of France, but returned to port under its own steam. There was no Up to August 20 There On July 3 brewers were notified by the mention of any casualties in the dispatch, Were 20,000 CasualtiesHe Fuel Administration that their coal con- nor did it state how badly the vessel was sumption would be reduced by 50 per damaged, but It is supposed that the dam- Had Not Reported- Were cent, pending the period of exhaustion of age is not very serious, as the ship made materials that they had in process, and its way back at a speed of 14 knots an Listed as Light-More were given preliminary warning that hour.
  • The Republican Journal; Vol. 91, No. 3

    The Republican Journal; Vol. 91, No. 3

    The Republican Journal. I>1- NO- Ml &_BELFAST, MAINE, THURSDAY, JANUARY 16, 1919. FIVE CENTS was arraigned Thursday morning and udicial Court Colonial Theatre WALDO COUNTY GRANGE. The News of Belfast '' plead guilty. He was sentenced to im- PERSONAL The Central Maine Power Co fl* in the State at Thom- prisonment prison Latest mi ot Orono Presiding. and Best in Films Messrs. French and McKinnon will aston at hard labor for not less than one Shown Daily, Grange met at Equity Matinee and Waldo County Several stock salesmen ot the year and not more than two yearB. Judge Evening, at This play Messrs. Pinette and Phillips at the Mr. and Mrs. Milton B. Hills a Central Warm, hall Jan. 7th. It was a beautiful spent Dunn was him Grange Maine Power (of Oocket. inclined to be lenient to Comfortable Playhouse. Ward alley evening. The few days this week with friends in North Company which the fine but there was this, Thursday, as he seems to be entirely free from any morning and sleighing Penobscot that, of the town j game will be followed with exhibition Anson, Me. Bay Electric Company is a malicious intent, but is not morally ! Lina an unusually small attendance, due to the of took, Cavalieri, Thursday. part) will come to Belfast within a few iy Belfast, strong to him from crim- bowling by Everett Hopkins In the enough keep j fact there was a good deal of sickness Charles E. Getchell left Wednesday and Thursday fore- days to call on customers of inal offences. He did not seem inclined game last Monday evening French’s for the company as to re- about and a deal of fear of the sick- Camp Devens, where he will be de- brought to the treatment good in profit by good given team won from regard to interesting them in r sician’s B.
  • Travel Narratives and Life-Writing Travel Narratives and Life-Writing

    Travel Narratives and Life-Writing Travel Narratives and Life-Writing

    LHJ 2020 Travel Narratives and Life-Writing and Travel Narratives Travel Narratives and Life-Writing LINCOLN U N I V E R S I T Y Fall 2020 | Volume 8 LHJ LHJ V The Lincoln Humanities Journal olume 8 The Lincoln Humanities Journal Abbes Maazaoui, Editor Fall 2020 Volume 8 LHJ The Lincoln Humanities Journal Fall 2020 | Volume 8 Travel Narratives and Life-Writing Abbes Maazaoui, Editor Annual publication of Lincoln University of Pennsylvania All rights reserved ISSN 2474-7726 Copyright © 2020 by the Lincoln Humanities Journal The Lincoln Humanities Journal (LHJ) The Lincoln Humanities Journal, ISSN 2474-7726 (print), ISSN 2474-7726 (online), is an interdisciplinary double blind peer-reviewed journal published once a year by Lincoln University of Pennsylvania. Its main objective is to promote interdisciplinary studies by providing an intellectual platform for international scholars to exchange ideas and perspectives. Each volume is focused on a pre-selected theme in the fields of arts, humanities, the social sciences, and contemporary culture. Preference is given to topics of general interest that lend themselves to an interdisciplinary approach. Manuscripts should conform to the MLA style. Submissions may be made by e-mail to the editor at [email protected]. The preferred language is English. The journal is published both online and in print, in November-December of each year. The Lincoln Humanities Journal Fall 2020 | Volume 8 Editor ABBES MAAZAOUI Lincoln University Editorial Board J. KENNETH VAN DOVER Fulbright Scholar ERIK LIDDELL Eastern Kentucky University KIRSTEN C. KUNKLE Co-Founder and Artistic Director, Wilmington Concert Opera HÉDI JAOUAD Professor Emeritus, Skidmore College EZRA S.