International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article PPARγ Modulates Long Chain Fatty Acid Processing in the Intestinal Epithelium Kalina Duszka 1,2,3 ID , Matej Oresic 4, Cedric Le May 5, Jürgen König 3,6 ID and Walter Wahli 1,2,7,* ID 1 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
[email protected] 2 Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
[email protected] 4 Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykisokatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland; matej.oresic@utu.fi 5 Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France;
[email protected] 6 Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria 7 ToxAlim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31300 Toulouse, France * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +65-6592-3927 or +65-9026-6430 Received: 7 November 2017; Accepted: 27 November 2017; Published: 28 November 2017 Abstract: Nuclear receptor PPARγ affects lipid metabolism in several tissues, but its role in intestinal lipid metabolism has not been explored. As alterations have been observed in the plasma lipid profile of ad libitum fed intestinal epithelium-specific PPARγ knockout mice (iePPARγKO), we submitted these mice to lipid gavage challenges. Within hours after gavage with long chain unsaturated fatty acid (FA)-rich canola oil, the iePPARγKO mice had higher plasma free FA levels and lower gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels than their wild-type (WT) littermates, and altered expression of incretin genes and lipid metabolism-associated genes in the intestinal epithelium.