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Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES -
Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions Among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients Marta Kara´zniewicz-Łada 1 , Anna K. Główka 2 , Aniceta A. Mikulska 1 and Franciszek K. Główka 1,* 1 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (M.K.-Ł.); [email protected] (A.A.M.) 2 Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-(0)61-854-64-37 Abstract: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are an important group of drugs of several generations, rang- ing from the oldest phenobarbital (1912) to the most recent cenobamate (2019). Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly used to treat epilepsy. The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019 created new challenges in the effective treatment of epilepsy in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this review is to present data from the last few years on drug–drug interactions among of AEDs, as well as AEDs with other drugs, nutrients and food. Literature data was collected mainly in PubMed, as well as google base. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters of the chosen 29 AEDs, mechanism of action and clinical application, as well as their biotransformation, are presented. We pay a special attention to the new potential interactions of the applied first-generation AEDs (carba- Citation: Kara´zniewicz-Łada,M.; mazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone), on decreased concentration Główka, A.K.; Mikulska, A.A.; of some medications (atazanavir and remdesivir), or their compositions (darunavir/cobicistat and Główka, F.K. -
Chapter 25 Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
Chapter 25 Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs GRAEME J. SILLS Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool _________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The serendipitous discovery of the anticonvulsant properties of phenobarbital in 1912 marked the foundation of the modern pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. The subsequent 70 years saw the introduction of phenytoin, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and a range of benzodiazepines. Collectively, these compounds have come to be regarded as the ‘established’ antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A concerted period of development of drugs for epilepsy throughout the 1980s and 1990s has resulted (to date) in 16 new agents being licensed as add-on treatment for difficult-to-control adult and/or paediatric epilepsy, with some becoming available as monotherapy for newly diagnosed patients. Together, these have become known as the ‘modern’ AEDs. Throughout this period of unprecedented drug development, there have also been considerable advances in our understanding of how antiepileptic agents exert their effects at the cellular level. AEDs are neither preventive nor curative and are employed solely as a means of controlling symptoms (i.e. suppression of seizures). Recurrent seizure activity is the manifestation of an intermittent and excessive hyperexcitability of the nervous system and, while the pharmacological minutiae of currently marketed AEDs remain to be completely unravelled, these agents essentially redress the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Three major classes of mechanism are recognised: modulation of voltage-gated ion channels; enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission; and attenuation of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission. The principal pharmacological targets of currently available AEDs are highlighted in Table 1 and discussed further below. -
Us Anti-Doping Agency
2019U.S. ANTI-DOPING AGENCY WALLET CARDEXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED AND PERMITTED SUBSTANCES AND METHODS Effective Jan. 1 – Dec. 31, 2019 CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) • Non-Approved Substances: investigational drugs and pharmaceuticals with no approval by a governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use. • Anabolic Agents: androstenediol, androstenedione, bolasterone, boldenone, clenbuterol, danazol, desoxymethyltestosterone (madol), dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (DHCMT), Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA , Intrarosa) and its prohormones, drostanolone, epitestosterone, methasterone, methyl-1-testosterone, methyltestosterone (Covaryx, EEMT, Est Estrogens-methyltest DS, Methitest), nandrolone, oxandrolone, prostanozol, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (enobosarm, (ostarine, MK-2866), andarine, LGD-4033, RAD-140). stanozolol, testosterone and its metabolites or isomers (Androgel), THG, tibolone, trenbolone, zeranol, zilpaterol, and similar substances. • Beta-2 Agonists: All selective and non-selective beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers, are prohibited. Most inhaled beta-2 agonists are prohibited, including arformoterol (Brovana), fenoterol, higenamine (norcoclaurine, Tinospora crispa), indacaterol (Arcapta), levalbuterol (Xopenex), metaproternol (Alupent), orciprenaline, olodaterol (Striverdi), pirbuterol (Maxair), terbutaline (Brethaire), vilanterol (Breo). The only exceptions are albuterol, formoterol, and salmeterol by a metered-dose inhaler when used -
5 Clinical Pearls for Contraception and Preconception Counseling
EDITORIAL Women with epilepsy: 5 clinical pearls for contraception and preconception counseling For women with epilepsy, intrauterine devices are the optimal reversible contraceptive, and, preconception, the use of antiepileptic drugs with the lowest teratogenic potential should be considered Robert L. Barbieri, MD Editor in Chief, OBG MANAGEMENT Chair, Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Kate Macy Ladd Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston n 2015, 1.2% of the US population bazepine (Aptiom), felbamate (Fel- becoming pregnant while taking the was estimated to have active epi- batol), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), oral contraceptive.6 Carbamazepine, Ilepsy.1 For neurologists, key goals perampanel (Fycompa), phenobarbi- a strong inducer of hepatic enzymes, in the treatment of epilepsy include: tal, phenytoin (Dilantin), primidone was the most frequently used AED in controlling seizures, minimizing (Mysoline), rufinamide (Banzel), this sample. adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs and topiramate (Topamax) (at dos- Many studies report that carba- (AEDs) and optimizing quality of ages >200 mg daily). According to mazepine accelerates the metabo- life. For obstetrician-gynecologists, Lexicomp, the following AEDs do not lisms of estrogen and progestins and women with epilepsy (WWE) have cause clinically significant changes reduces contraceptive efficacy. For unique contraceptive, preconcep- in hepatic enzymes that metabolize example, in one study 20 healthy tion, and obstetric needs that require steroid hormones: acetazolamide women were administered an ethi- highly specialized approaches to (Diamox), clonazepam (Klonopin), nyl estradiol (20 µg)-levonorgestrel care. Here, I highlight 5 care points ethosuximide (Zarontin), gabapentin (100 µg) contraceptive, and randomly that are important to keep in mind (Neurontin), lacosamide (Vimpat), assigned to either receive carbamaze- when counseling WWE. -
REVIEW Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors for Estrogen
99 REVIEW Steroid sulfatase inhibitors for estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers Atul Purohit and Paul A Foster1 Oncology Drug Discovery Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK 1School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK (Correspondence should be addressed to P A Foster; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Estrogens and androgens are instrumental in the maturation of in vivo and where we currently stand in regards to clinical trials many hormone-dependent cancers. Consequently,the enzymes for these drugs. STS inhibitors are likely to play an important involved in their synthesis are cancer therapy targets. One such future role in the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. enzyme, steroid sulfatase (STS), hydrolyses estrone sulfate, Novel in vivo models have been developed that allow pre-clinical and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to estrone and dehydroe- testing of inhibitors and the identification of lead clinical piandrosterone respectively. These are the precursors to the candidates. Phase I/II clinical trials in postmenopausal women formation of biologically active estradiol and androstenediol. with breast cancer have been completed and other trials in This review focuses on three aspects of STS inhibitors: patients with hormone-dependent prostate and endometrial 1) chemical development, 2) biological activity, and 3) clinical cancer are currently active. Potent STS inhibitors should trials. The aim is to discuss the importance of estrogens and become therapeutically valuable in hormone-dependent androgens in many cancers, the developmental history of STS cancers and other non-oncological conditions. -
Active Estrogen Synthesis and Its Function in Prostate Cancer-Derived Stromal Cells
ANTICANCER RESEARCH 35: 221-228 (2015) Active Estrogen Synthesis and its Function in Prostate Cancer-derived Stromal Cells KAZUAKI MACHIOKA1, ATSUSHI MIZOKAMI1, YURI YAMAGUCHI2, KOUJI IZUMI1, SHINICHI HAYASHI3 and MIKIO NAMIKI1 1Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan; 2Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan; 3Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Abstract. Background: It remains unclear whether estrogen Castration-naïve prostate cancer (PCa) develops into is produced in prostate cancer (PCa) and how it functions in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) during androgen PCa. Materials and Methods: To examine the production of deprivation therapy (ADT) by various mechanisms. estrogen in PCa cells, the concentration of estrogen in the Especially, the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis plays a medium in which LNCaP cells and PCa-derived stromal cells key role in this specific development. PCa cells mainly adapt (PCaSC) were co-cultured, was measured by liquid themselves to the environment of lower androgen chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC- concentrations and change into androgen-hypersensitive cells MS/MS), while aromatase (CYP19) mRNA expression was or androgen-independent cells. Androgens of adrenal origin confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and their metabolites synthesized in the microenvironment in methods. To verify whether estrogen is synthesized from an intracrine/paracrine fashion act on surviving PCa cells and testosterone in PCaSC functions, PCaSC were co-cultured secrete prostate specific antigen (PSA). Therefore, new with breast cancer MCF-7-E10 cells, which were stably- recently developed medicines, abiraterone acetate that transfected with ERE-GFP, in the presence of testosterone. -
NMMC West Point CDM.Xlsx
Facility Description Price CC SWING BED RUGS CODE CC PRIVATE 1ST WEST 861 CC PRIVATE OBSTETRICS 861 CC BAKRI BALLOON FOR PP HEMR 661 CC BAKRI BALLOON FOR PP HEMR 661 CC RPR CMPX LID/N/L 2.6‐7.5 1914 CC RPR CMPX LID/N/ E/A 5CM/< 1053 CC RPR CMPX LID/N/L 2.6‐7.5 1914 CC RPR CMPX LID/N/ E/A 5CM/< 1053 CC PRIVATE ECU 494 CC IV THRPY FIRST HR DX 691 CC IV THRPY EA/ADD HR DX 190 CC IV THRPY ADD/SEQ TO 1 HR 205 CC IV THRPY CONCURRENT 122 CC IV THRPY FIRST HR HYDRTN 690 CC IV THRPY EA/ADD HR HYDRTN 134 CC INJ IV EA ADD DIFF MED 269 CC RECOVERY PER HOUR 280 CC MINOR PROCEDURE 1627 CC ARTERIAL LINE PLACEMENT 463 CC INJ EPIDURAL BLOOD PATCH 2850 CC INJ IV PUSH INITIAL 692 CC ADDITIONAL CPT CODE CC MED ICU ROOM CHARGE 1872 CC NURSERY 1200 CC CIRC TRAY 91 CC INIT HOSP CARE LV 1 P/DAY 205 CC INIT HOSP CARE LV 2 P/DAY 279 CC INIT HOSP CARE LV 3 P/DAY 412 CC SUBS HOSP CARE LV 1 P/DAY 81 CC SUBS HOSP CARE LV 2 P/DAY 147 CC SUBS HOSP CARE LV 3 P/DAY 212 CC HOSP DAY MGMT 30 MNT OR < 147 CC HOSP DAY MGMT > 30 MNTS 214 CC OBS CARE D/C DAY MGMT 155 CC INITL OBS CARE LV 1 P/DAY 197 CC INITL OBS CARE LV 2 P/DAY 239 CC INITL OBS CARE LV 3 P/DAY 362 CC SUBS OBS CARE LV 1 P/DAY 88 CC SUBS OBS CARE LV 2 P/DAY 145 CC SUBS OBS CARE LV 3 P/DAY 236 CC SNF D/C DAY MGMT 30 OR < 240 CC SNF D/C DAY MGMT >30 318 CC PERC REPLAC J TUBE W/O FL 1948 CC INITIAL NF CARE LEVEL 1 204 CC INITIAL NF CARE LEVEL 2 290 CC INITIAL NF CARE LEVEL 3 368 CC SUBSQENT NF CARE LEVEL 197 CC SUBSQENT NF CARE LEVEL 2 151 CC SUBSQENT NF CARE LEVEL 3 198 CC SUBSQENT NF CARE LEVEL 4 295 CC OBS OR I/P -
An Oral Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor That Blocks the Growth of ER-Positive and ESR1 Mutant Breast Tumours in Preclinical Models
Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on March 28, 2016; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2357 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 1 Title: AZD9496: An oral estrogen receptor inhibitor that blocks the growth of ER- 2 positive and ESR1 mutant breast tumours in preclinical models. 3 4 Running title: Pharmacology of SERD inhibitor in breast cancer models 5 6 Hazel M. Weir,a Robert H. Bradbury,a Mandy Lawson,a Alfred A. Rabow,a David Buttar,a 7 Rowena J. Callis,b Jon O. Curwen,a Camila de Almeida,a Peter Ballard, a Michael Hulse,a 8 Craig S. Donald,a Lyman J. L. Feron,a Galith Karoutchi,a Philip MacFaul,a Thomas Moss,a 9 Richard A. Norman,b Stuart E. Pearson,a Michael Tonge,b Gareth Davies,a Graeme E. 10 Walker,b Zena Wilson,a Rachel Rowlinson,a Steve Powell,a Claire Sadler,a Graham 11 Richmond,a Brendon Ladd, d Ermira Pazolli,c Anne Marie Mazzola,d Celina D’Cruz,d Chris 12 De Savi.d 13 14 Authors’ Affiliations: 15 aOncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK; 16 bDiscovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK; c 17 H3 Biomedicine, Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139,dOncology iMed, AstraZeneca R&D 18 Boston, Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, U.S. 19 20 Key words: SERD, estrogen receptor, metastatic breast cancer, ER mutation, ESR1 mutation. 21 combination therapy 22 23 Corresponding author: [email protected] 24 25 Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest: All authors are present or past employees of 26 AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals 27 28 Tables: 1 29 Figures: 6 30 Supplementary Tables:4 31 Supplementary Figures: 7 32 33 Precis: This article discloses the structure and pharmacology of an oral non-steroidal small 34 molecule which is potent against wild-type and mutant forms of the estrogen receptor, 35 producing anti-tumour efficacy either as a monotherapy or in combination with PI3K or cell 36 cycle inhibitors in vivo. -
Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine -
2021 Formulary List of Covered Prescription Drugs
2021 Formulary List of covered prescription drugs This drug list applies to all Individual HMO products and the following Small Group HMO products: Sharp Platinum 90 Performance HMO, Sharp Platinum 90 Performance HMO AI-AN, Sharp Platinum 90 Premier HMO, Sharp Platinum 90 Premier HMO AI-AN, Sharp Gold 80 Performance HMO, Sharp Gold 80 Performance HMO AI-AN, Sharp Gold 80 Premier HMO, Sharp Gold 80 Premier HMO AI-AN, Sharp Silver 70 Performance HMO, Sharp Silver 70 Performance HMO AI-AN, Sharp Silver 70 Premier HMO, Sharp Silver 70 Premier HMO AI-AN, Sharp Silver 73 Performance HMO, Sharp Silver 73 Premier HMO, Sharp Silver 87 Performance HMO, Sharp Silver 87 Premier HMO, Sharp Silver 94 Performance HMO, Sharp Silver 94 Premier HMO, Sharp Bronze 60 Performance HMO, Sharp Bronze 60 Performance HMO AI-AN, Sharp Bronze 60 Premier HDHP HMO, Sharp Bronze 60 Premier HDHP HMO AI-AN, Sharp Minimum Coverage Performance HMO, Sharp $0 Cost Share Performance HMO AI-AN, Sharp $0 Cost Share Premier HMO AI-AN, Sharp Silver 70 Off Exchange Performance HMO, Sharp Silver 70 Off Exchange Premier HMO, Sharp Performance Platinum 90 HMO 0/15 + Child Dental, Sharp Premier Platinum 90 HMO 0/20 + Child Dental, Sharp Performance Gold 80 HMO 350 /25 + Child Dental, Sharp Premier Gold 80 HMO 250/35 + Child Dental, Sharp Performance Silver 70 HMO 2250/50 + Child Dental, Sharp Premier Silver 70 HMO 2250/55 + Child Dental, Sharp Premier Silver 70 HDHP HMO 2500/20% + Child Dental, Sharp Performance Bronze 60 HMO 6300/65 + Child Dental, Sharp Premier Bronze 60 HDHP HMO -
Estrogen Down-Regulator Fulvestrant Potentiates Antitumor Activity Of
in vivo 33 : 1439-1445 (2019) doi:10.21873/invivo.11622 Estrogen Down-regulator Fulvestrant Potentiates Antitumor Activity of Fluoropyrimidine in Estrogen-responsive MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells MAMORU NUKATSUKA 1, HITOSHI SAITO 2, SHINZABURO NOGUCHI 3 and TEIJI TAKECHI 1 1Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan; 2Pharmacology Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan; 3Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan Abstract. Background: Endocrine therapy is clinically where it remains the fifth-leading cause of cancer-related administered in hormone-responsive breast cancer. death (3). Endocrine therapy is a well-established first-line Combinations of fluoropyrimidine S-1 and an aromatase treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)- α- positive, metastatic inhibitor or anti-estrogen are considered beneficial in Japan. breast cancer (4). Current endocrine therapy treatment Herein we assessed new combinations of S-1 and fulvestrant. options for menopausal patients with hormone-responsive Patients and Methods: Cytotoxicity of fulvestrant and breast cancer include selective ER α modulators ( e.g. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was assessed in hormone-responsive tamoxifen), aromatase inhibitors ( e.g. anastrozole, letrozole, (MCF-7) and non-responsive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer and exemestane), and, in addition, selective ER α down- cell cultures. Fulvestrant and S-1 were evaluated for regulators ( e.g. fulvestrant). An evaluation of several clinical antitumor activity in mice and their effects on estrogen trials of combination therapies testing fulvestrant with receptor (ER)- α and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels in cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors [PALOMA-3 (5), MCF-7 xenografts using immunohistochemical methods.