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Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES -
Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions Among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients Marta Kara´zniewicz-Łada 1 , Anna K. Główka 2 , Aniceta A. Mikulska 1 and Franciszek K. Główka 1,* 1 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (M.K.-Ł.); [email protected] (A.A.M.) 2 Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-(0)61-854-64-37 Abstract: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are an important group of drugs of several generations, rang- ing from the oldest phenobarbital (1912) to the most recent cenobamate (2019). Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly used to treat epilepsy. The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019 created new challenges in the effective treatment of epilepsy in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this review is to present data from the last few years on drug–drug interactions among of AEDs, as well as AEDs with other drugs, nutrients and food. Literature data was collected mainly in PubMed, as well as google base. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters of the chosen 29 AEDs, mechanism of action and clinical application, as well as their biotransformation, are presented. We pay a special attention to the new potential interactions of the applied first-generation AEDs (carba- Citation: Kara´zniewicz-Łada,M.; mazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone), on decreased concentration Główka, A.K.; Mikulska, A.A.; of some medications (atazanavir and remdesivir), or their compositions (darunavir/cobicistat and Główka, F.K. -
Chapter 25 Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
Chapter 25 Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs GRAEME J. SILLS Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool _________________________________________________________________________ Introduction The serendipitous discovery of the anticonvulsant properties of phenobarbital in 1912 marked the foundation of the modern pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. The subsequent 70 years saw the introduction of phenytoin, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and a range of benzodiazepines. Collectively, these compounds have come to be regarded as the ‘established’ antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A concerted period of development of drugs for epilepsy throughout the 1980s and 1990s has resulted (to date) in 16 new agents being licensed as add-on treatment for difficult-to-control adult and/or paediatric epilepsy, with some becoming available as monotherapy for newly diagnosed patients. Together, these have become known as the ‘modern’ AEDs. Throughout this period of unprecedented drug development, there have also been considerable advances in our understanding of how antiepileptic agents exert their effects at the cellular level. AEDs are neither preventive nor curative and are employed solely as a means of controlling symptoms (i.e. suppression of seizures). Recurrent seizure activity is the manifestation of an intermittent and excessive hyperexcitability of the nervous system and, while the pharmacological minutiae of currently marketed AEDs remain to be completely unravelled, these agents essentially redress the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Three major classes of mechanism are recognised: modulation of voltage-gated ion channels; enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission; and attenuation of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission. The principal pharmacological targets of currently available AEDs are highlighted in Table 1 and discussed further below. -
THE CONCISE GUIDE to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 Alexander, Stephen P
University of Dundee THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 Alexander, Stephen P. H.; Fabbro, Doriano; Kelly, Eamonn; Marrion, Neil V.; Peters, John A.; Faccenda, Elena Published in: British Journal of Pharmacology DOI: 10.1111/bph.13876 Publication date: 2017 Licence: CC BY Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Discovery Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Alexander, S. P. H., Fabbro, D., Kelly, E., Marrion, N. V., Peters, J. A., Faccenda, E., Harding, S. D., Pawson, A. J., Sharman, J. L., Southan, C., Davies, J. A., & CGTP Collaborators (2017). THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Catalytic receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174 (Suppl. 1), S225-S271. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13876 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 S.P.H. -
5 Clinical Pearls for Contraception and Preconception Counseling
EDITORIAL Women with epilepsy: 5 clinical pearls for contraception and preconception counseling For women with epilepsy, intrauterine devices are the optimal reversible contraceptive, and, preconception, the use of antiepileptic drugs with the lowest teratogenic potential should be considered Robert L. Barbieri, MD Editor in Chief, OBG MANAGEMENT Chair, Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Kate Macy Ladd Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston n 2015, 1.2% of the US population bazepine (Aptiom), felbamate (Fel- becoming pregnant while taking the was estimated to have active epi- batol), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), oral contraceptive.6 Carbamazepine, Ilepsy.1 For neurologists, key goals perampanel (Fycompa), phenobarbi- a strong inducer of hepatic enzymes, in the treatment of epilepsy include: tal, phenytoin (Dilantin), primidone was the most frequently used AED in controlling seizures, minimizing (Mysoline), rufinamide (Banzel), this sample. adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs and topiramate (Topamax) (at dos- Many studies report that carba- (AEDs) and optimizing quality of ages >200 mg daily). According to mazepine accelerates the metabo- life. For obstetrician-gynecologists, Lexicomp, the following AEDs do not lisms of estrogen and progestins and women with epilepsy (WWE) have cause clinically significant changes reduces contraceptive efficacy. For unique contraceptive, preconcep- in hepatic enzymes that metabolize example, in one study 20 healthy tion, and obstetric needs that require steroid hormones: acetazolamide women were administered an ethi- highly specialized approaches to (Diamox), clonazepam (Klonopin), nyl estradiol (20 µg)-levonorgestrel care. Here, I highlight 5 care points ethosuximide (Zarontin), gabapentin (100 µg) contraceptive, and randomly that are important to keep in mind (Neurontin), lacosamide (Vimpat), assigned to either receive carbamaze- when counseling WWE. -
Quantum of Effectiveness Evidence in FDA's Approval of Orphan Drugs
Quantum of Effectiveness Evidence in FDA’s Approval of Orphan Drugs Cataloguing FDA’s Flexibility in Regulating Therapies for Persons with Rare Disorders by Frank J. Sasinowski, M.S., M.P.H., J.D.1 Chairman of the Board National Organization for Rare Disorders One of the key underlying issues facing the development of effective for their intended uses. all drugs, and particularly orphan drugs, is what kind of evi- dence the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires for FDA has for many decades acknowledged that there is a need approval. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic [FD&C] Act IRUÁH[LELOLW\LQDSSO\LQJLWVVWDQGDUGIRUDSSURYDO)RUH[- provides that for FDA to grant approval for a new drug, there ample, one of FDA’s regulations states that: “FDA will ap- must be “substantial evidence” of effectiveness derived from prove an application after it determines that the drug meets the “adequate and well-controlled investigations.” This language, statutory standards for safety and effectiveness… While the which dates from 1962, provides leeway for FDA medical re- statutory standards apply to all drugs, the many kinds of drugs viewers to make judgments as to what constitutes “substantial that are subject to the statutory standards and the wide range HYLGHQFHµRIDGUXJ·VHIIHFWLYHQHVVWKDWLVRILWVEHQHÀWWR RIXVHVIRUWKRVHGUXJVGHPDQGÁH[LELOLW\LQDSSO\LQJWKHVWDQ- patients. GDUGV7KXV)'$LVUHTXLUHGWRH[HUFLVHLWVVFLHQWLÀFMXGJPHQW to determine the kind and quantity of data and information an 7KHVROHODZWKDWDSSOLHVVSHFLÀFDOO\WRRUSKDQGUXJVWKH2U- applicant is required to provide for a particular drug to meet SKDQ'UXJ$FWRISURYLGHGÀQDQFLDOLQFHQWLYHVIRUGUXJ the statutory standards.” 21 C.F.R. § 314.105(c). FRPSDQLHVWRGHYHORSRUSKDQGUXJVZKLFKLVOHJDOO\GHÀQHG as products that treat diseases that affect 200,000 or fewer )'$SXEOLFO\KDVH[SUHVVHGVHQVLWLYLW\WRDSSO\LQJWKLVÁH[- patients in the U.S. -
Drug and Medication Classification Schedule
KENTUCKY HORSE RACING COMMISSION UNIFORM DRUG, MEDICATION, AND SUBSTANCE CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE KHRC 8-020-1 (11/2018) Class A drugs, medications, and substances are those (1) that have the highest potential to influence performance in the equine athlete, regardless of their approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or (2) that lack approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration but have pharmacologic effects similar to certain Class B drugs, medications, or substances that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Acecarbromal Bolasterone Cimaterol Divalproex Fluanisone Acetophenazine Boldione Citalopram Dixyrazine Fludiazepam Adinazolam Brimondine Cllibucaine Donepezil Flunitrazepam Alcuronium Bromazepam Clobazam Dopamine Fluopromazine Alfentanil Bromfenac Clocapramine Doxacurium Fluoresone Almotriptan Bromisovalum Clomethiazole Doxapram Fluoxetine Alphaprodine Bromocriptine Clomipramine Doxazosin Flupenthixol Alpidem Bromperidol Clonazepam Doxefazepam Flupirtine Alprazolam Brotizolam Clorazepate Doxepin Flurazepam Alprenolol Bufexamac Clormecaine Droperidol Fluspirilene Althesin Bupivacaine Clostebol Duloxetine Flutoprazepam Aminorex Buprenorphine Clothiapine Eletriptan Fluvoxamine Amisulpride Buspirone Clotiazepam Enalapril Formebolone Amitriptyline Bupropion Cloxazolam Enciprazine Fosinopril Amobarbital Butabartital Clozapine Endorphins Furzabol Amoxapine Butacaine Cobratoxin Enkephalins Galantamine Amperozide Butalbital Cocaine Ephedrine Gallamine Amphetamine Butanilicaine Codeine -
Monitoring and Mathematical Modeling of in Vitro Human Megakaryocyte Expansion and Maturation Dynamics
YOUNES LEYSI-DERILOU MONITORING AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF IN VITRO HUMAN MEGAKARYOCYTE EXPANSION AND MATURATION DYNAMICS Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de doctorat en génie chimique pour l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae doctor (Ph.D.) DEPARTMENT DE GÉNIE CHIMIQUE FACULTÉ DE SCIENCES ET GÉNIE UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL QUÉBEC 2011 © Younes Leysi-Derilou, 2011 ii Résumé La mégakaryopoïèse est un processus complexe, qui prend naissance à partir des cellules souches hématopoïétiques (HSC). Ces dernières se différencient par étapes successives en mégakaryocytes (MKs) qui, suite à leur maturation, libèrent les plaquettes. Afin de modéliser le sort des HSCs lors de la mégakaryopoïèse en culture, un nouveau modèle mathématique a été développé, basé sur un programme de différenciation tridimensionnelle (3-D) où chaque sous-population est représentée par un compartiment. Dans le but d’évaluer la prolifération, la différenciation des MKs immatures puis matures, la cinétique de mort cellulaire ainsi que le nombre de plaquettes produites, à partir des cellules de sang de cordon (CB) ombilical enrichies en CD34+, un ensemble d'équations différentielles a été déployé. Les cellules CD34+ ont été placées en culture dans un milieu optimisé pour la différenciation mégakaryocytaire. Les paramètres cinétiques ont été estimés pour deux températures d'incubation (37°C versus 39°C). Les résultats des régressions ont été validés par l'évaluation de l'estimabilité des paramètres, en utilisant des analyses de sensibilité locale et globale, puis la détermination d'un intervalle de confiance. Ceux-ci ont été comparés par le biais de tests statistiques et d’analyses en composante principale (ACP). -
CDER List of Licensed Biological Products With
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research List of Licensed Biological Products with (1) Reference Product Exclusivity and (2) Biosimilarity or Interchangeability Evaluations to Date DATE OF FIRST REFERENCE PRODUCT DATE OF LICENSURE LICENSURE EXCLUSIVITY EXPIRY DATE INTERCHANGEABLE (I)/ BLA STN PRODUCT (PROPER) NAME PROPRIETARY NAME (mo/day/yr) (mo/day/yr) (mo/day/yr) BIOSIMILAR (B) WITHDRAWN 125118 abatacept Orencia 12/23/05 NA NA 103575 abciximab ReoPro 12/22/94 NA NA Yes 125274 abobotulinumtoxinA Dysport 04/29/09 125057 adalimumab Humira 12/31/02 NA NA 761071 adalimumab-adaz Hyrimoz 10/30/18 B 761058 adalimumab-adbm Cyltezo 08/25/17 B 761118 adalimumab-afzb Abrilada 11/15/19 B 761024 adalimumab-atto Amjevita 09/23/16 B 761059 adalimumab-bwwd Hadlima 07/23/19 B 125427 ado-trastuzumab emtansine Kadcyla 02/22/13 125387 aflibercept Eylea 11/18/11 103979 agalsidase beta Fabrazyme 04/24/03 NA NA 125431 albiglutide Tanzeum 04/15/14 017835 albumin chromated CR-51 serum Chromalbin 02/23/76 103293 aldesleukin Proleukin 05/05/92 NA NA 103948 alemtuzumab Campath, Lemtrada 05/07/01 NA NA 125141 alglucosidase alfa Myozyme 04/28/06 NA NA 125291 alglucosidase alfa Lumizyme 05/24/10 125559 alirocumab Praluent 07/24/15 103172 alteplase, cathflo activase Activase 11/13/87 NA NA 103950 anakinra Kineret 11/14/01 NA NA 020304 aprotinin Trasylol 12/29/93 125513 asfotase alfa Strensiq 10/23/15 101063 asparaginase Elspar 01/10/78 NA NA 125359 asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi Erwinaze 11/18/11 761034 atezolizumab Tecentriq 05/18/16 761049 avelumab Bavencio 03/23/17 -
Status Epilepticus
Status Epilepticus By Aaron M. Cook, Pharm.D., BCPS, BCCCP Reviewed by Gretchen M. Brophy, Pharm.D., FCCP, BCPS; Matthew J. Korobey, Pharm.D. BCCCP; and You Min Sohn, Pharm.D., M.S., BCPS, BCCCP LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Evaluate factors that may affect treatment success in patients with status epilepticus. 2. Distinguish gaps in the literature related to optimal status epilepticus treatment. 3. Evaluate therapeutic strategies for super-refractory status epilepticus. 4. Assess the impact of timing of status epilepticus treatment initiation, and develop strategies to optimize effective treatment. DEFINITIONS OF STATUS EPILEPTICUS ABBREVIATIONS IN THIS CHAPTER Status epilepticus is defined as continuous seizure activity for EEG Electroencephalogram greater than 5 minutes or consecutive seizures without regaining GABA g-Aminobutyric acid consciousness over 5 minutes. Status epilepticus is common in ICH Intracerebral hemorrhage the epilepsy population and is often associated with acute, severe NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate neurological injury or illness such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), TBI Traumatic brain injury intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), meningitis, or pharmacologic toxic- Table of other common abbreviations. ity/withdrawal. Overall, the incidence of status epilepticus is about 12 per 100,000 individuals, a value that has increased 50% since the early 2000s (Dham 2014). Status epilepticus is often divided into “convulsive” status epilepticus (in which the patient has obvi- ous clinical manifestations of seizures, mental status impairment, or postictal focal neurological deficits) and “nonconvulsive” status epi- lepticus (in which the patient has no obvious clinical manifestations of seizure, but seizure activity is revealed on electroencephalogram [EEG]). Refractory status epilepticus is defined as status epilepticus that persists despite treatment with at least two antiepileptic drugs. -
Evaluating the Effect of Oprelvekin on Cardiac Repolarization in Subjects with Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: an Observa
Journal of Case Reports and Studies Volume 5 | Issue 2 ISSN: 2348-9820 Case Report Open Access Evaluating the Effect of Oprelvekin on Cardiac Repolarization in Subjects with Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: An Observational Chart Review of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial in Laredo, Texas Soriano RA*1 and Gonzalez M2 1The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK 2Envision Clinical Research, LLC, Laredo Texas 78041, USA *Corresponding author: Soriano RA, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Soriano RA, Gonzalez M (2017) Evaluating the Effect of Oprelvekin on Cardiac Repolarization in Subjects with Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: An Observational Chart Review of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial in Laredo, Texas. J Case Rep Stud 5(2): 204. doi: 10.15744/2348-9820.5.204 Received Date: March 05, 2017 Accepted Date: April 26, 2017 Published Date: April 28, 2017 Abstract This study tested for the cardiac effects of Oprelvekin, recombinant human interleukin-11, a thrombopoietic growth factor, in patients afflicted with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (platelet count<50,000 cells/ul). Chart-reviews of patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of: 18-75 yrs of age, non-myeloid malignancy, with adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal parameters and normal electrocardiograms that were enrolled in this phase 2 trial were analyzed. Patients of child-bearing potential agreed to be on a reliable form of birth control for the duration of the study. Results on 4 patients suggest that Oprelvekin does not cause atrial nor ventricular arrhythmia, a rare severe cardiac side effect, in treating patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. -
Standard Specialty PA and QL List January 2015
Standard Specialty PA and QL List January 2015 Standard PA or PA with QL Programs Therapeutic Category Drug Name Quantity Limit Anti-infectives Antiretrovirals, Hepatitis B BARACLUDE (entecavir) 1 tab/day BARACLUDE (entecavir) Soln 630 ml/30days HEPSERA (adefovir) 1 tab/day TYZEKA (telbivudine ) 1 tab/day Antiretrovirals, HIV FUZEON (enfuvirtide) 60 vials or 1 kit/30 days SELZENTRY (maraviroc) None TRUVADA (emtricitabine/tenofovir) None Cardiology Antilipemic JUXTAPID (lomitapide) 20 mg 3 tabs/day JUXTAPID (lomitapide) 5 mg, 10 mg 1 tab/day KYNAMRO (mipomersen) 4 syringes/28 days Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ADCIRCA (tadalafil) 2 tabs/day ADEMPAS (riociguat) 90 tabs/30 days FLOLAN (epoprostenol) None LETAIRIS (ambrisentan) 1 tab/day OPSUMIT (macitentan) 1 tab/day ORENITRAM (treprostinil diolamine) None REMODULIN (treprostinil) None REVATIO (sildenafil) 3 tabs or vials/day TRACLEER (bosentan) 2 tabs/day TYVASO (treprostinil) 1 ampule/day VELETRI (epoprostenol) None VENTAVIS (iloprost) 9 ampules/day Vasopressors NORTHERA (droxidopa) None Central Nervous System Anticonvulsants SABRIL (vigabatrin) None Depressant XYREM (sodium oxybate) 3 bottles (540 mL)/30 days Neurotoxins BOTOX (onabotulinumtoxinA) None DYSPORT (abobotulinumtoxinA) None MYOBLOC (rimabotulinumtoxinB) None XEOMIN (incobotulinumtoxinA) None Parkinson's APOKYN (apomorphine) None Sleep Disorder HETLIOZ (tasimelteon) 1 cap/day Dermatology Alkylating Agents VALCHLOR (mechlorethamine) Gel None Endocrinology & Metabolism Gonadotropins ELIGARD (leuprolide) 22.5 mg (3-month) 1