Ignasi Ribas Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC)
Reunión Instrumentación Astronómica en España, Madrid, 3/10/2018 Exoplanets today: huge diversity
3800+ PLANETS, 2700 PLANETARY SYSTEMS KNOWN IN THE GALAXY Huge diversity: why?
Formation & evolution processes? Migration? Interaction with star?
Accretion Gaseous planets form here
Interaction with star Planet migration
Ices, dust, gas Key exoplanet questions
• How diverse are exoplanets chemically? • Does chemical diversity correlate with other parameters?
• How do planets form?
• How do planets evolve? ARIEL – ESA M4 mission
• 1-m telescope, spectroscopy from VIS to IR • Satellite in orbit around L2 • ~1000 exoplanets observed (rocky + gaseous) • Launch in 2028 – 3.5-yr mission • Simultaneous coverage 0.5-7.8 micron • Payload consortium: 15 ESA countries + NASA under study The exoplanet mission timeline C
B
A 10-4 – 10-5 relative precision A B C
Sedaghati et al. 2017 A chemical survey of a large population
SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS: EXOPLANET RADIATION, MOLECULAR & CLOUD SIGNATURES, STELLAR ACTIVITY H O 2 CO 2 CH 4 CO H + 3 HCN NH 3 SO 2 SiO TiO VO C H 2 2 2 ) C H s 2 4
/R C H
p 2 6
(R PH 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wavelength ( m) Simultaneous observations in the VIS and IR are needed ARIEL 3-tier approach
INDIVIDUAL PLANETS & POPULATION ANALYSIS
• Main atmospheric component • Trace gases SURVEY • Thermal structure • Cloud characterization • What fraction of planets DEEP SURVEY • Elemental composition have clouds? • Have small planets still retained H/He? BENCHMARK • Color-color diagrams • Refinement of ~ 50-100 orbital/planet parameters in IR • Atmospheric ~ 500 circulation • Spatial & temporal ~ 1000 PLANETS variability Large population of warm/hot planets
TODAY AND IN THE NEXT DECADE
TESS yields
Sullivan et al. 2015 + EGSE + mission planning Our role in ARIEL
Enric Pallé IAC Spanish consortium organization
M2 Mirror Mechanism
• Heritage from previous developments in – Gaia (5 DoFs): Operating and doing science – EUCLID (3 DoFs): Under flight model test campaign ICU/TCU
• Very strong heritage & TRL • Minimised P-M-V budgets TCU • Minimised complexity 240 • Only a high-level SW (ASW) running mm • Simplified I/F to S/C ICU
300 245 mm mm
• Very high reliability • Compact design and easy AIV/AIT • Minimised on-board data processing ARIEL long-term planning
ARIEL survey Input - ~1000 exoplanets Mission operations - 3.5-year mission lifetime - Transit/occultation Huge amount of - Slew to target possible combinations - Time-constrained - Calibrations observations - Station keeping Mission constraints - 1 – 45 obs. per target - Targets visibility - Time on targets - Slew rate Based on Artificial - Calibration/Station keeping rate Intelligence Targets: (Genetic Algorithms) - Mission Reference Sample IEEC-CSIC Automatic Planning Tool ~950 targets, ~3300 events (~1100 planets) (global search optimizing priority (including high-priority) - Tier 1 – Survey (1-4 events) targets): - Tier 2 – Deep Survey (1-18 events) - Robotic telescopes Mission plan - Tier 3 – Benchmark Planets - Cherenkov Telescope Array (1-45 events) - CARMENES Conclusions
• ARIEL has been conceived to deliver the first chemical survey of ~1000 exoplanets, probing uniformly the gamut of planet and stellar parameters • The Spanish participation in the ARIEL mission science consortium and payload development is very significant • Timeline: Phase B1 (2019-2020), mission adoption (Nov 2020), phase B2 (2021-2022)