Advanced Technologies for Future Space Telescopes and Instruments
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Asteroseismology with Corot, Kepler, K2 and TESS: Impact on Galactic Archaeology Talk Miglio’S
Asteroseismology with CoRoT, Kepler, K2 and TESS: impact on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 AsteroseismologyPlato as it is : a Legacy with CoRoT Mission, Kepler for Galactic, K2 and TESS: impactArchaeology on Galactic Archaeology talk Miglio’s CRISTINA CHIAPPINI Leibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik Potsdam PLATO PIC, Padova 09/2019 Galactic Archaeology strives to reconstruct the past history of the Milky Way from the present day kinematical and chemical information. Why is it Challenging ? • Complex mix of populations with large overlaps in parameter space (such as Velocities, Metallicities, and Ages) & small volume sampled by current data • Stars move away from their birth places (migrate radially, or even vertically via mergers/interactions of the MW with other Galaxies). • Many are the sources of migration! • Most of information was confined to a small volume Miglio, Chiappini et al. 2017 Key: VOLUME COVERAGE & AGES Chiappini et al. 2018 IAU 334 Quantifying the impact of radial migration The Rbirth mix ! Stars that today (R_now) are in the green bins, came from different R0=birth Radial Migration Sources = bar/spirals + mergers + Inside-out formation (gas accretion) GalacJc Center Z Sun R Outer Disk R = distance from GC Minchev, Chiappini, MarJg 2013, 2014 - MCM I + II A&A A&A 558 id A09, A&A 572, id A92 Two ways to expand volume for GA • Gaia + complementary photometric information (but no ages for far away stars) – also useful for PIC! • Asteroseismology of RGs (with ages!) - also useful for core science PLATO (miglio’s talk) The properties at different places in the disk: AMR CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE Kepler, TESS, K2, Gaia CoRoT, Gaia+, K2 + APOGEE PLATO + 4MOST? Predicon: AMR Scatter increases towards outer regions Age scatter increasestowars outer regions ExtracGng the best froM GaiaDR2 - Anders et al. -
Multiple Star Systems Observed with Corot and Kepler
Multiple star systems observed with CoRoT and Kepler John Southworth Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK Abstract. The CoRoT and Kepler satellites were the first space platforms designed to perform high-precision photometry for a large number of stars. Multiple systems dis- play a wide variety of photometric variability, making them natural benefactors of these missions. I review the work arising from CoRoT and Kepler observations of multiple sys- tems, with particular emphasis on eclipsing binaries containing giant stars, pulsators, triple eclipses and/or low-mass stars. Many more results remain untapped in the data archives of these missions, and the future holds the promise of K2, TESS and PLATO. 1 Introduction The CoRoT and Kepler satellites represent the first generation of astronomical space missions capable of large-scale photometric surveys. The large quantity – and exquisite quality – of the data they pro- vided is in the process of revolutionising stellar and planetary astrophysics. In this review I highlight the immense variety of the scientific results from these concurrent missions, as well as the context provided by their precursors and implications for their successors. CoRoT was led by CNES and ESA, launched on 2006/12/27,and retired in June 2013 after an irre- trievable computer failure in November 2012. It performed 24 observing runs, each lasting between 21 and 152days, with a field of viewof 2×1.3◦ ×1.3◦, obtaining light curves of 163000 stars [42]. Kepler was a NASA mission, launched on 2009/03/07and suffering a critical pointing failure on 2013/05/11. It observed the same 105deg2 sky area for its full mission duration, obtaining high-precision light curves of approximately 191000 stars. -
LISA, the Gravitational Wave Observatory
The ESA Science Programme Cosmic Vision 2015 – 25 Christian Erd Planetary Exploration Studies, Advanced Studies & Technology Preparations Division 04-10-2010 1 ESAESA spacespace sciencescience timelinetimeline JWSTJWST BepiColomboBepiColombo GaiaGaia LISALISA PathfinderPathfinder Proba-2Proba-2 PlanckPlanck HerschelHerschel CoRoTCoRoT HinodeHinode AkariAkari VenusVenus ExpressExpress SuzakuSuzaku RosettaRosetta DoubleDouble StarStar MarsMars ExpressExpress INTEGRALINTEGRAL ClusterCluster XMM-NewtonXMM-Newton CassiniCassini-H-Huygensuygens SOHOSOHO ImplementationImplementation HubbleHubble OperationalOperational 19901990 19941994 19981998 20022002 20062006 20102010 20142014 20182018 20222022 XMM-Newton • X-ray observatory, launched in Dec 1999 • Fully operational (lost 3 out of 44 X-ray CCD early in mission) • No significant loss of performances expected before 2018 • Ranked #1 at last extension review in 2008 (with HST & SOHO) • 320 refereed articles per year, with 38% in the top 10% most cited • Observing time over- subscribed by factor ~8 • 2,400 registered users • Largest X-ray catalogue (263,000 sources) • Best sensitivity in 0.2-12 keV range • Long uninterrupted obs. • Follow-up of SZ clusters 04-10-2010 3 INTEGRAL • γ-ray observatory, launched in Oct 2002 • Imager + Spectrograph (E/ΔE = 500) + X- ray monitor + Optical camera • Coded mask telescope → 12' resolution • 72 hours elliptical orbit → low background • P/L ~ nominal (lost 4 out 19 SPI detectors) • No serious degradation before 2016 • ~ 90 refereed articles per year • Obs -
Data Mining in the Spanish Virtual Observatory. Applications to Corot and Gaia
Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VI, Proceedings of the IX Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society held on September 13 - 17, 2010, in Madrid, Spain. M. R. Zapatero Osorio et al. (eds.) Data mining in the Spanish Virtual Observatory. Applications to Corot and Gaia. Mauro L´opez del Fresno1, Enrique Solano M´arquez1, and Luis Manuel Sarro Baro2 1 Spanish VO. Dep. Astrof´ısica. CAB (INTA-CSIC). P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Ca´nada, Madrid (Spain) 2 Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial. ETSI Inform´atica.UNED. Spain Abstract Manual methods for handling data are impractical for modern space missions due to the huge amount of data they provide to the scientific community. Data mining, understood as a set of methods and algorithms that allows us to recover automatically non trivial knowledge from datasets, are required. Gaia and Corot are just a two examples of actual missions that benefits the use of data mining. In this article we present a brief summary of some data mining methods and the main results obtained for Corot, as well as a description of the future variable star classification system that it is being developed for the Gaia mission. 1 Introduction Data in Astronomy is growing almost exponentially. Whereas projects like VISTA are pro- viding more than 100 terabytes of data per year, future initiatives like LSST (to be operative in 2014) and SKY (foreseen for 2024) will reach the petabyte level. It is, thus, impossible a manual approach to process the data returned by these surveys. It is impossible a manual approach to process the data returned by these surveys. -
Cryogenics in Space
— 37 — Cryogenics in space Nicola RandoI Abstract Cryogenics plays a key role on board space-science missions, with a range of applications, mainly in the domain of astrophysics. Indeed a tremendous progress has been achieved over the last 20 years in cryogenics, with enhanced reliability and simpler operations, thus matching the needs of advanced focal-plane detectors and complex science instrumentation. In this article we provide an overview of recent applications of cryogenics in space, with specific emphasis on science missions. The overview includes an analysis of the impact of cryogenics on the spacecraft system design and of the main technical solutions presently adopted. Critical technology developments and programmatic aspects are also addressed, including specific needs of future science missions and lessons learnt from recent programmes. Introduction H. Kamerlingh-Onnes liquefied 4He for the first time in 1908 and discovered superconductivity in 1911. About 100 years after such achievements (Pobell 1996), cryogenics plays a key role on board space-science missions, providing the environ- ment required to perform highly sensitive measurements by suppressing the thermal background radiation and allowing advantage to be taken of the performance of cryogenic detectors. In the last 20 years several spacecraft have been equipped with cryogenic in- strumentation. Among such missions we should mention IRAS (launched in 1983), ESA’s ISO (launched in 1995) (Kessler et al 1996) and, more recently, NASA’s Spitzer (formerly SIRTF, launched in 2006) (Werner 2005) and the Japanese mis- sion Akari (IR astronomy mission launched in 2006) (Shibai 2007). New missions involving cryogenics are the ESA missions Planck (dedicated to the mapping of the cosmic background radiation) and Herschel (far infrared and sub-millimetre observatory), carrying instruments operating at temperatures of 0.1 K and 0.3 K, respectively (Crone et al 2006). -
Darwin in the Press: What the Spanish Dailies Said About the 200Th Anniversary of Charles Darwin’S Birth
CONTRIBUTIONS to SCIENCE, 5 (2): 193–198 (2009) Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barcelona Celebration of the Darwin Year 2009 DOI: 10.2436/20.7010.01.75 ISSN: 1575-6343 www.cat-science.cat Darwin in the press: What the Spanish dailies said about the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth Esther Díez, Anna Mateu, Martí Domínguez Mètode, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Resum. El bicentenari del naixement de Charles Darwin, cele- Summary. The bicentenary of Charles Darwin’s birth, cele- brat durant el passat any 2009, va provocar un considerable brated in 2009, caused a surge in the interest shown by the augment de l’interés informatiu de la figura del naturalista an- press in the life and work of the renowned English naturalist. glès. En aquest article s’analitza la cobertura informativa This article analyzes the press coverage devoted to the Darwin d’aquest aniversari en onze diaris generalistes espanyols, i Year in eleven Spanish daily papers during the week of Dar- s’estableix grosso modo quines són les principals postures de win’s birthday and provides a brief synopsis of the positions la premsa espanyola davant de la teoria de l’evolució. D’aques- adopted by the Spanish press regarding the theory of evolu- ta anàlisi, queda ben palès com el creacionisme és encara molt tion. The analysis makes very clear the relatively strong support viu en els mitjans espanyols més conservadors. for creationism by the conservative press in Spain. Paraules clau: Charles Darwin ∙ ciència vs. creacionisme ∙ Keywords: Charles Darwin ∙ science vs. creationism ∙ tractament informatiu científic scientific news coverage “The more we know of the fixed laws of nature the more In this article, we examine to what extent and in what form incredible do miracles become.” this controversy persists in Spanish society, focusing on the print media’s response to the celebration, in 2009, of the 200th Charles Darwin (1887). -
NASA HQ Update on IXO
NASA HQ Update on IXO IXO Facility Science Team Meeting GSFC, 20 August 2008 Michael Salamon Astrophysics Division, NASA HQ Recent History of IXO • Stern and Southwood at NASA/ESA bilateral informally agree that Con-X and XEUS must find a path forward to a single, merged mission (Paris, Sept 2007). • Southwood letter to Stern (Jan 2008) invites NASA to participate in XEUS study as a starting point leading to possible interagency partnership. • Morse/Favata letter (May 2008): • Con-X is highest priority large-class mission following JWST (2000 Decadal), to be revisited in 2010 Decadal. • XEUS selected as one of three CV L-class competing missions (Outer Planets, XEUS, LISA) with downselection in 2009 and 2011. • Limited resources in both agencies and considerable overlap in science goals argue for finding a joint mission approach. • Agreement for a joint mission study (not the mission itself). • Formation of coordination group (CG) composed of ESA, NASA, and JAXA representatives. • First task of CG is to determine the existence of possible joint mission scenarios. • Once found, study the joint mission scenario to the level required by the selection process milestones of the agencies involved. • No consideration to be given by the CG of which agency might lead the merged mission. IXO Coordination Group • IXO-CG initially charged to find a joint mission scenario for further joint study by the agencies (ESA, NASA, JAXA). • IXO-CG now charged with definition of science requirements for the IXO concept, scientific supervision of study activities, reporting to Agencies. • IXO-CG jointly chaired by the ESA and NASA study scientists. -
Photometry of Be Stars in the Vicinity of COROT Primary Targets for Asteroseismology
Comm. in Asteroseismology Vol. 143, 2003 Photometry of Be stars in the vicinity of COROT primary targets for asteroseismology J. Guti´errez-Soto1, J. Fabregat1, J. Suso2, A.M. Hubert3, M. Floquet3 and R. Garrido4 1 Observatori Astron`omic, Universitat de Val`encia 2 Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales, Universitat de Val`encia 3GEPI, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon 4Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Andaluc´ıa Abstract We present differential photometry of Be stars close to potential COROT pri- mary targets for asteroseismology. Several stars are found to be short pe- riod variables. We propose them to be considered as secondary targets in the COROT asteroseismology fields. Introduction The observation of classical Be stars by COROT will provide important keys to understand the physics of these objects and the nature of the Be phenomenon. In particular, the detection of photospheric multiperiodicity will confirm the presence of non radial pulsations (nrp) as the origin of the short term variability. COROT observations will allow the study of the beat phenomenon of nrp modes and its relation with recurrent outbursts and the building of the circumstellar disc. Our group is proposing the observation of Be stars as secondary targets for the asteroseismology fields. A sample of stars in the vicinity of the main target candidates is under study for this purpose. Hubert et al. (2001, 2003) presented the selected objects and performed a study of their short term variability using Hipparcos photometric data. We have obtained new ground based photometry with a more suitable time sampling to further characterize their variability. 2 Photometry of Be stars in the vicinity of COROT primary targets for asteroseismology Observations and data analysis Observations were done at the 0.9 m telescope of the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain). -
The XMM-Newton SAS - Distributed Development and Maintenance of a Large Science Analysis System: a Critical Analysis
Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XIII ASP Conference Series, Vol. 314, 2004 F. Ochsenbein, M. Allen, and D. Egret, eds. The XMM-Newton SAS - Distributed Development and Maintenance of a Large Science Analysis System: A Critical Analysis Carlos Gabriel1, John Hoar1, Aitor Ibarra1, Uwe Lammers2, Eduardo Ojero1, Richard Saxton1, Giuseppe Vacanti2 XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre, Science Operations and Data Systems Division of ESA, European Space Agency Mike Denby, Duncan Fyfe, Julian Osborne Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK Abstract. The XMM-Newton Scientific Analysis System (SAS) is the software used for the reduction and calibration of data taken with the XMM-Newton satellite instruments leading to almost 400 refereed scien- tific papers published in the last 2.5 years. Its maintenance, further devel- opment and distribution is under the responsibility of the XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre together with the Survey Science Centre, rep- resenting a collaborative effort of more than 30 scientific institutes. Developed in C++, Fortran 90/95 and Perl, the SAS makes large use of open software packages such as ds9 for image display (SAO-R&D Software Suite), Grace, LHEASOFT and cfitsio (HEASARC project), pgplot, fftw and the non-commercial version of Qt (TrollTech). The combination of supporting several versions of SAS for multiple platforms (including SunOS, DEC, many Linux flavours and MacOS) in a widely distributed development process which makes use of a suite of ex- ternal packages and libraries presents substantial issues for the integrity of the SAS maintenance and development. A further challenge comes from the necessity of maintaining the flexibility of a software package evolving together with progress made in instrument calibration and anal- ysis refinement, whilst at the same time being the source of all official products of the XMM-Newton mission. -
The GAIA/CHEOPS Synergy
The GAIA/CHEOPS synergy Valerio Nascimbeni (INAF-OAPD) and the CHEOPS A1 working group CHEOPS Science workshop #3, Madrid 2015 Jun 17-19 Introduction GAIA is the most accurate (~10 μas) astrometric survey ever; it was launched in 2013 and is performing well (though some technical issues) Final catalog is expected in ≥2022, with a few intermediate releases starting from 2016 What planets (or planetary candidates) can GAIA provide to CHEOPS? This was investigated within the CHEOPS A1 WG, designed to 1) build an overview of available targets, 2) monitor present and future planet-search surveys, 3) establishing selection criteria for CHEOPS, 4) and proposing strategies to build the target list. CHEOPS Science workshop #3, Madrid 2015 Jun 17-19 The GAIA/CHEOPS synergy We started reviewing some recent works about the GAIA planet yield: ▶ Casertano+ 2008, A&A 482, 699. “Double-blind test program for astrometric planet detection with GAIA” ▶ Perryman+ 2014, Apj 797, 14. “Astrometric Exoplanet Detection with GAIA” ▶ Dzigan & Zucker 2012, ApJ 753, 1. “Detection of Transiting Jovian Exoplanets by GAIA Photometry” ▶ Sozzetti+ 2014, MNRAS 437, 497, “Astrometric detection of giant planets around nearby M dwarfs: the GAIA potential” ▶ Lucy 2014, A&A 571, 86. “Analysing weak orbital signals in GAIA data” ▶ Sahlmann+ 2015, MNRAS 447, 287. “GAIA's potential for the discovery of circumbinary planets” CHEOPS Science workshop #3, Madrid 2015 Jun 17-19 “Photometric” planets Challenges of GAIA planets discovered by photometry: ▶ GAIA's photometric detection of transiting planets will be limited by precision (1 mmag) and especially by the sparse sampling of the scanning law (Dzigan & Zucker 2012) ▶ Nearly all those planets will be VHJ (P < 3 d); only ~40 of them will be robustly detected and bright enough for CHEOPS (G < 12). -
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244 Trimble, JAAVSO Volume 43, 2015 As International as They Would Let Us Be Virginia Trimble Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575; [email protected] Received July 15, 2015; accepted August 28, 2015 Abstract Astronomy has always crossed borders, continents, and oceans. AAVSO itself has roughly half its membership residing outside the USA. In this excessively long paper, I look briefly at ancient and medieval beginnings and more extensively at the 18th and 19th centuries, plunge into the tragedies associated with World War I, and then try to say something relatively cheerful about subsequent events. Most of the people mentioned here you will have heard of before (Eratosthenes, Copernicus, Kepler, Olbers, Lockyer, Eddington…), others, just as important, perhaps not (von Zach, Gould, Argelander, Freundlich…). Division into heroes and villains is neither necessary nor possible, though some of the stories are tragic. In the end, all one can really say about astronomers’ efforts to keep open channels of communication that others wanted to choke off is, “the best we can do is the best we can do.” 1. Introduction astronomy (though some of the practitioners were actually Christian and Jewish) coincided with the largest extents of Astronomy has always been among the most international of regions governed by caliphates and other Moslem empire-like sciences. Some of the reasons are obvious. You cannot observe structures. In addition, Arabic astronomy also drew on earlier the whole sky continuously from any one place. Attempts to Greek, Persian, and Indian writings. measure geocentric parallax and to observe solar eclipses have In contrast, the Europe of the 16th century, across which required going to the ends (or anyhow the middles) of the earth. -
Prime Focus (06-16).Pub
Highlights of the June Sky - - - - - - Saturn at opposition. - - - - - - DAWN: A very thin waning A Publication of the Kalamazoo Astronomical Society crescent Moon is about 2° below Mercury. Look low in east about 20 minutes before sunrise. - - - 4th - - - New Moon 11:00 pm EDT KAS - - - 9th - - - PM: Regulus, the brightest star in Leo, is about 7° to General Meeting: Friday, June 3 @ 7:00 pm the Moon’s upper left. Kalamazoo Area Math & Science Center - See Page 8 for Details - - - 10th - - - PM: The Moon is located about halfway between Observing Session: Saturday, June 11 @ 9:30 pm Regulus and Jupiter. The Moon, Mars, Jupiter & Saturn - Kalamazoo Nature Center - - - 11th - - - PM: The Moon forms a Board Meeting: Sunday, June 12 @ 5:00 pm triangle with Jupiter and Sunnyside Church - 2800 Gull Road - All Members Welcome Sigma () Leonis. - - - 12th - - - Observing Session: Saturday, June 25 @ 9:30 pm First Quarter Moon 4:10 am EDT Grand Globular Clusters - Kalamazoo Nature Center - - - 14th - - - PM: Spica, the brightest star in Virgo, is <5° below a waxing gibbous Moon. - - - 17th → 18th - - - Inside the Newsletter. PM: The Moon, Saturn, and Mars make a wide, flat May Meeting Minutes............................. p. 2 triangle, with the longest side stretching ~18° to Board Meeting Minutes......................... p. 3 connect the two planets. - - - 18th → 19th - - - Learn More About the A.L...................p. 3 PM: The Moon and Saturn are 3° to 4° apart. Observations of the Red Planet.......... p. 4 - - - 20th - - - NASA Space Place.................................. p. 5 Full Moon 7:02 am EDT June Night Sky......................................... p. 6 Summer solstice occurs at KAS Board & Announcements...........