Oral Actinomyces Species in Health and Disease: Identification, Occurrence and Importance of Early Colonization
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Susceptibility and Resistance Data
toku-e logo For a complete list of references, please visit antibiotics.toku-e.com Imipenem Microorganism Genus, Species, and Strain (if shown) Concentration Range (μg/ml)Susceptibility and Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans 0.25 - 4 Minimum Inhibitory Acinetobacter anitratus ≤0.008 128 Acinetobacter baumannii Concentration0.008 - 512 (MIC) Data Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 0.016 - >8 Issue date 01/06/2020 Acinetobacter haemolyticus ≤0.008 >16 Acinetobacter junii ≤0.12 >8 Acinetobacter lwoffii ≤0.008 >16 Acinetobacter spp. 0.008 - >64 Actinomyces gerencseriae ≤0.015 8 Actinomyces graevenitzii ≤0.015 0.25 Actinomyces israelii ≤0.015 8 Actinomyces meyeri ≤0.015 8 Actinomyces naeslundii 0.015 - 8 Actinomyces neuii ≤0.015 0.25 Actinomyces odontolyticus ≤0.015 8 Actinomyces radingae ≤0.015 0.25 Actinomyces schalii ≤0.015 0.25 Actinomyces spp. ≤0.008 8 Actinomyces turicensis ≤0.015 0.25 Actinomyces viscosus ≤0.015 0.5 Aerococcus spp. ≤0.008 4 Aerococcus urinae ≤0.008 4 Aeromonas caviae 0.25 - 4 Aeromonas hydrophila 0.25 - 16 Aeromonas spp. 0.12 - 4 Agrobacterium radiobacter 0.06 - 1 Alcaligenes faecalis 0.06 - >16 Alcaligenes odorans 0.25 - 1 Anaerococcus prevotii ≤0.016 0.25 Anaerococcus tetradius ≤0.016 0.03 Arcanobacterium pyogenes ≤0.03 0.25 Atopobium parvulum 0.25 Bacillus proteus 4 Bacillus spp. ≤0.008 4 Bacillus subtilis <0.025 Bacteroides caccae ≤0.06 8 Bacteroides capillosus 0.06 - 0.25 Bacteroides distasonis 0.03 - 8 Bacteroides eggerthii ≤0.125 0.5 Bacteroides fragilis ≤0.008 >128 Bacteroides fragilis gr. 0.03 - 4 Bacteroides levii 0.06 - 0.25 Bacteroides merdae ≤0.06 4 Bacteroides ovatus 0.03 - 16 Bacteroides splanchnicus 0.06 - 0.25 Bacteroides spp. -
A Putative Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Homolog of Mycolicibacterium Smegmatis Is Involved in De Novo Cysteine Biosynthesis
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2020 A Putative Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Homolog of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis is Involved in de novo Cysteine Biosynthesis Saroj Kumar Mahato University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Cell Biology Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Pathogenic Microbiology Commons Citation Mahato, S. K. (2020). A Putative Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Homolog of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis is Involved in de novo Cysteine Biosynthesis. Theses and Dissertations Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3639 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Putative Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Homolog of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis is Involved in de novo Cysteine Biosynthesis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Cell and Molecular Biology by Saroj Kumar Mahato Purbanchal University Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology, 2016 May 2020 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ___________________________________ Young Min Kwon, Ph.D. Thesis Director ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Suresh Thallapuranam, Ph.D. Inés Pinto, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ABSTRACT Mycobacteria include serious pathogens of humans and animals. Mycolicibacterium smegmatis is a non-pathogenic model that is widely used to study core mycobacterial metabolism. This thesis explores mycobacterial pathways of cysteine biosynthesis by generating and study of genetic mutants of M. smegmatis. Published in vitro biochemical studies had revealed three independent routes to cysteine synthesis in mycobacteria involving separate homologs of cysteine synthase, namely CysK1, CysK2, and CysM. -
Microbial Community Structure Dynamics in Ohio River Sediments During Reductive Dechlorination of Pcbs
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2008 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE DYNAMICS IN OHIO RIVER SEDIMENTS DURING REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF PCBS Andres Enrique Nunez University of Kentucky Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Nunez, Andres Enrique, "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE DYNAMICS IN OHIO RIVER SEDIMENTS DURING REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF PCBS" (2008). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 679. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/679 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Andres Enrique Nunez The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2008 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE DYNAMICS IN OHIO RIVER SEDIMENTS DURING REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF PCBS ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Andres Enrique Nunez Director: Dr. Elisa M. D’Angelo Lexington, KY 2008 Copyright © Andres Enrique Nunez 2008 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE DYNAMICS IN OHIO RIVER SEDIMENTS DURING REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF PCBS The entire stretch of the Ohio River is under fish consumption advisories due to contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, natural attenuation and biostimulation of PCBs and microbial communities responsible for PCB transformations were investigated in Ohio River sediments. Natural attenuation of PCBs was negligible in sediments, which was likely attributed to low temperature conditions during most of the year, as well as low amounts of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon. -
Differential Preservation of Endogenous Human and Microbial
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diferential preservation of endogenous human and microbial DNA in dental calculus and dentin Received: 20 March 2018 Allison E. Mann1,2,3, Susanna Sabin 1, Kirsten Ziesemer4, Åshild J. Vågene 1, Hannes Accepted: 14 June 2018 Schroeder4,5, Andrew T. Ozga 2,3,6, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan 3,7, Courtney A. Published: xx xx xxxx Hofman 2,3, James A. Fellows Yates 1, Domingo C. Salazar-García1,8, Bruno Frohlich9,10, Mark Aldenderfer 11, Menno Hoogland4, Christopher Read12, George R. Milner13, Anne C. Stone6,14,15, Cecil M. Lewis Jr.2,3, Johannes Krause1, Corinne Hofman4, Kirsten I. Bos1 & Christina Warinner 1,2,3 Dental calculus (calcifed dental plaque) is prevalent in archaeological skeletal collections and is a rich source of oral microbiome and host-derived ancient biomolecules. Recently, it has been proposed that dental calculus may provide a more robust environment for DNA preservation than other skeletal remains, but this has not been systematically tested. In this study, shotgun-sequenced data from paired dental calculus and dentin samples from 48 globally distributed individuals are compared using a metagenomic approach. Overall, we fnd DNA from dental calculus is consistently more abundant and less contaminated than DNA from dentin. The majority of DNA in dental calculus is microbial and originates from the oral microbiome; however, a small but consistent proportion of DNA (mean 0.08 ± 0.08%, range 0.007–0.47%) derives from the host genome. Host DNA content within dentin is variable (mean 13.70 ± 18.62%, range 0.003–70.14%), and for a subset of dentin samples (15.21%), oral bacteria contribute > 20% of total DNA. -
Leprae by Means of Cytoplasmic Antigens
Bull. Org. mond. Santt 1972, 46, 509-513 Bull. Wld Hlth Org. Immunological determination of Mycobacterium leprae by means of cytoplasmic antigens J. B. G. KWAPINSKI,1 J. 0. DE ALMEIDA,2 & E. H. KWAPINSKI 3 Mycobacterium leprae was isolated and purified from lepromas, the spleen, and the liver of leprosy patients. An immunodiffusion analysis of the cytoplasms obtained from four lots of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium, 295 strains of different actinomycetales, and 12 other bacteria was performed with the use ofthe cytoplasm antisera. Immunological relationships were revealed between the cytoplasms of M. leprae, M. lepraemurium, M. avium, M. gallinarum, M. tuberculosis, M. simiae, M. kansasii, M. chitae, M. cap- sulatum, Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, and some strains of saprophytic myco- bacteria. These studies led to the proposed concept of the immunological evolution of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium and an Actinomyces-like progenitor through M. avium- M. gallinarum and to a proposal for the polyvalent vaccine currently being developed by this research group. Most of the past immunological research on lep- help to elucidate the immunogenicity of M. leprae rosy dealt with the skin or serum reactions of leprosy and would be useful for the preparation of an anti- patients with different mycobacterial antigen prepa- leprosy vaccine. rations. Almost all of these data were critically re- viewed by Bechelli (1971) and by de Almeida.4 More recently, the cross-reactions given by polysaccharide- MATERIALS AND METHODS protein complexes purified from M. leprae with the Sources of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium sera obtained from human leprosy, tuberculosis, and nocardiosis were revealed by Estrada-Parra (1970). -
Actinomyces Naeslundii: an Uncommon Cause of Endocarditis
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Infectious Diseases Volume 2015, Article ID 602462, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/602462 Case Report Actinomyces naeslundii: An Uncommon Cause of Endocarditis Christopher D. Cortes,1 Carl Urban,1,2 and Glenn Turett1 1 The Dr. James J. Rahal, Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA 2Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Carl Urban; [email protected] and Glenn Turett; [email protected] Received 21 September 2015; Accepted 16 November 2015 Academic Editor: Sandeep Dogra Copyright © 2015 Christopher D. Cortes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by Actinomyces naeslundii.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstreportintheliterature of endocarditis due to this organism and the second report of PVE caused by Actinomyces. 1. Introduction holosystolic decrescendo murmur. Abnormal laboratory tests included a WBC count of 16.5 K/L (reference range: 4.8– Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram positive anaerobic bacillary 10.8 K/L) with 88.5% neutrophils and C-reactive protein commensal of the human oral cavity. Septicemia with this (CRP) 7.02 mg/L (reference range: 0.03–0.49 mg/dL). Only organism is uncommon and poses an increased risk of one set of blood cultures was drawn prior to empirically subacute and chronic granulomatous inflammation, which starting vancomycin and ceftriaxone (the patient had a can affect all organ systems via hematogenous spread [1]. -
Mycobacterium Gilvum Spyr1
Standards in Genomic Sciences (2011) 5:144-153 DOI:10.4056/sigs.2265047 Complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium sp. strain (Spyr1) and reclassification to Mycobacterium gilvum Spyr1 Aristeidis Kallimanis1, Eugenia Karabika1, Kostantinos Mavromatis2, Alla Lapidus2, Kurt M. LaButti2, Konstantinos Liolios2, Natalia Ivanova2, Lynne Goodwin2,3, Tanja Woyke2, Athana- sios D. Velentzas4, Angelos Perisynakis1, Christos C. Ouzounis5§, Nikos C. Kyrpides2, Anna I. Koukkou1*, and Constantin Drainas1† 1 Sector of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece 2 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 4 Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, 15701, Athens, Greece 5 Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, School of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London (KCL), London WC2R 2LS, UK § Present address: Computational Genomics Unit, Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece & Donnelly Cen- tre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, To- ronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada *Corresponding author: Anna I. Koukkou, email: [email protected] † In memory of professor Constantin Drainas who lost his life in a car accident on July 5th, 2011. Mycobacterium sp.Spyr1 is a newly isolated strain that occurs in a creosote contaminated site in Greece. It was isolated by an enrichment method using pyrene as sole carbon and energy source and is capable of degrading a wide range of PAH substrates including pyrene, fluoran- thene, fluorene, anthracene and acenapthene. Here we describe the genomic features of this organism, together with the complete sequence and annotation. -
Tumor Mimicking Actinomycosis of the Upper Lip: Report of Two Cases
Oral Med Pathol 15 (2011) 95 Tumor mimicking actinomycosis of the upper lip: report of two cases Kayo Kuyama1, 2, Yan Sun1, Kenji Fukui2, Satoshi Maruyama3, Eriko Ochiai2, Masahiko Fukumoto4, Nobuyuki Ikeda5, Toshiro Kondoh6, Kimiharu Iwadate2, Ritsuo Takagi5, Takashi Saku3, 7, Hirotsugu Yamamoto1 1Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan 2Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 3Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan 4Department of Laboratory Medicine for Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan 5Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences 6Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan 7Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Abstract: Peculiar findings of orofacial actinomycosis mimicking the clinical appearance of a tumor of the upper lip were reported. A 68-year-old woman (case 1) and a 62-year-old woman (case 2) visited our hospitals towards the end of 2004 and 2007; the clinical diagnosis for each patient was upper labial tumor, and the lesions were surgically removed. Histologically, the excised specimens showed granulomas including bacterial colonies consisting of club-shaped filaments that formed a radiating rosette pattern in the submucosal layer. DNA samples were extracted from paraffin sections and examined by PCR for Actinomyces species. The PCR products examined by direct DNA sequencing demonstrated the presence of Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces gerencseriae in both case 1 and case 2. -
Actinomyces Georgiae Sp. Nov. , Actinomyces Gerencseriae Sp. Nov
INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, July 1990, p. 273-286 Vol. 40, No. 3 0020-7713/90/070273-14$02.oo/o Copyright 0 1990, International Union of Microbiological Societies Actinomyces georgiae sp. nov. , Actinomyces gerencseriae sp. nov. , Designation of Two Genospecies of Actinomyces naeslundii, and Inclusion of A. naeslundii serotypes I1 and I11 and Actinomyces viscosus serotype I1 in A. naeslundii Genospecies 2 J. L. JOHNSON,l LILLIAN V. H. MOORE,l BEVERLY KANEK0,2 AND W. E. C. MOORE1* Department of Anaerobic Microbiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and Microbial Diseases Laboratory, Department of Health Services, State of California, Berkeley, California 947M2 DNAs of type strains aod representative members of Actinomyces groups from the human periodontal flora and from other habitats were compared by using the S1 nuclease procedure to determine their genetic relatedness. One rather common group from the human periodontal flora, previously called “Actinomyces DOS,” is phenotypically distinct from, and genetically unrelated to, previously described species. We propose the name Actinomyces georgiae for this organism; the type strain is strain ATCC 49285. Another common group from the human periodontal flora is Actinomyces israelii serotype 11, which was found to be genetically distinct from the type strain of A. israelii (serotype I) and from other previously described species of Actinomyces. We propose the name Actinomyces gerencseriae for this organism; the type strain is strain ATCC 23860. A. naeslundii serotype I strains were distinct from the other strains studied. A separate genospecies which included strains of A. naeslundii serotypes I1 and I11 and A. viscosus serotype I1 was delineated. -
A Case of Disseminated Infection Due to Actinomyces Meyeri Involving
Case Report Infection & http://dx.doi.org/10.3947/ic.2014.46.4.269 Infect Chemother 2014;46(4):269-273 Chemotherapy ISSN 2093-2340 (Print) · ISSN 2092-6448 (Online) A Case of Disseminated Infection due to Actinomyces meyeri Involving Lung and Brain Hyun Jung Park1, Ki-Ho Park3, Sung-Han Kim1, Heungsup Sung2, Sang-Ho Choi1, Yang Soo Kim1, Jun Hee Woo1, and Sang-Oh Lee1 Departments of 1Internal Medicine and 2Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Actinomyces meyeri is rarely isolated in cases of actinomycosis. The identification of A. meyeri had historically been difficult and unreliable. With the recent development of 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing, Actinomyces species such as A. meyeri can be isolated much more reliably. A. meyeri often causes disseminated disease, which can be secondary to frequent pulmonary infections. A penicillin-based regimen is the mainstay of A. meyeri treatment, with a prolonged course usually re- quired. Here, we report a case of pulmonary actinomycosis with brain abscess caused by A. meyeri that was initially thought to represent lung cancer with brain metastasis. Key Words: Actinomyces; Sequence analysis, RNA; Brain abscess Introduction cies to cause similar clinical disease is largely unknown [2]. Recent developments in microbiological identification tech- Actinomycosis is a chronic infection caused by organisms in niques, especially 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing, the genus Actinomyces, with Actinomyces israelii being the have identified other Actinomyces species such as A. meyeri, most common etiologic agent [1]. -
Common Commensals
Common Commensals Actinobacterium meyeri Aerococcus urinaeequi Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Actinomyces Aerococcus urinaehominis Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Actinomyces bernardiae Aerococcus viridans Arthrobacter oryzae Actinomyces bovis Alpha‐hemolytic Streptococcus, not S pneumoniae Arthrobacter oxydans Actinomyces cardiffensis Arachnia propionica Arthrobacter pascens Actinomyces dentalis Arcanobacterium Arthrobacter polychromogenes Actinomyces dentocariosus Arcanobacterium bernardiae Arthrobacter protophormiae Actinomyces DO8 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus Actinomyces europaeus Arcanobacterium pluranimalium Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus Actinomyces funkei Arcanobacterium pyogenes Arthrobacter ramosus Actinomyces georgiae Arthrobacter Arthrobacter rhombi Actinomyces gerencseriae Arthrobacter agilis Arthrobacter roseus Actinomyces gerenseriae Arthrobacter albus Arthrobacter russicus Actinomyces graevenitzii Arthrobacter arilaitensis Arthrobacter scleromae Actinomyces hongkongensis Arthrobacter astrocyaneus Arthrobacter sulfonivorans Actinomyces israelii Arthrobacter atrocyaneus Arthrobacter sulfureus Actinomyces israelii serotype II Arthrobacter aurescens Arthrobacter uratoxydans Actinomyces meyeri Arthrobacter bergerei Arthrobacter ureafaciens Actinomyces naeslundii Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus Arthrobacter variabilis Actinomyces nasicola Arthrobacter citreus Arthrobacter viscosus Actinomyces neuii Arthrobacter creatinolyticus Arthrobacter woluwensis Actinomyces odontolyticus Arthrobacter crystallopoietes -
Fatal Subdural Empyema Caused by Streptococcus Constellatus and Actinomyces Viscosus in a Childdcase Report
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (2011) 44, 394e396 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.e-jmii.com CASE REPORT Fatal subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus and Actinomyces viscosus in a childdCase report Asma Bouziri a,*, Ammar Khaldi a, Hane`ne Smaoui b, Khaled Menif a, Nejla Ben Jaballah a a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Place Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia b Department of Microbiology, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Received 4 August 2009; received in revised form 21 January 2010; accepted 21 March 2010 KEYWORDS Group milleri streptococci that colonize the mouth and the upper airways are generally Actinomyces viscosus; considered to be commensal. In combination with anaerobics, they are rarely responsible Empyema; for brain abscesses in patients with certain predisposing factors. Mortality in such cases Streptococcus is high and complications are frequent. We present a case of fatal subdural empyema constellatus; caused by Streptococcus constellatus and Actinomyces viscosus in a previously healthy Subdural 7-year-old girl. Copyright ª 2011, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved. Introduction intestinal, and urogenital tract.1 After translocation into otherwise sterile sites, they may cause purulent infections Group milleri streptococci (GMS) comprise a heterogeneous and abscess formation mostly among seriously compro- group of streptococci, including the species intermedius, mised patients. Actinomyces