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Strategies for Small Business Sustainability Victor K Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2019 Strategies for Small Business Sustainability Victor K. Adoukonou Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons, and the Sustainability Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Management and Technology This is to certify that the doctoral study by Victor Adoukonou has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Isabel Wan, Committee Chairperson, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty Dr. Gregory Uche, Committee Member, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty Dr. Peter Anthony, University Reviewer, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2019 Abstract Strategies for Small Business Sustainability by Victor Adoukonou MBA, Strayer University, 2012 MSc, University Montesquieu Bordeaux IV, 2007 MPS, University of Reduit/IFE, 2007 BA, University of Lomé, 2003 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University March 2019 Abstract Small businesses represent more than 99% of all employers in the United States, but more than 50% of small businesses have failed before 5 years. Climate change, digitization, and social media contribute to a paradigm shift in consumers’ habits, as more consumers have become environmentally and social justice conscious. Business leaders who are unable to follow the consumers’ trends and changes of habit may not succeed in sustaining their businesses. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies owners of small businesses in the District of Columbia use to sustain their businesses for longer than 5 years while fulfilling their firms’ social responsibility obligations. The conceptual framework was the sustainability development theory. Data were collected from 5 small retailers through face-to-face, semistructured interviews, observations, field notes, and reviews of documents related to business sustainability. Data analysis was based on the thematic analysis model, which involved a process of organizing, coding, arranging data into common themes relevant to the research question and interpreting of the information. Member checking was used to enhance the credibility and validity of the data. Emerging themes included business establishment planning, sustainability planning, and sustainability factors use. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by providing information to entrepreneurs about successful strategies for small business sustainability, which can lead to business owners, employees, and communities living and working in a human-oriented, prosperous, and healthy environment. Strategies for Small Business Sustainability by Victor Adoukonou MBA, Strayer University, 2012 MSc, University Montesquieu Bordeaux IV, 2007 MPS, University of Reduit/IFE, 2007 BA, University of Lomé, 2003 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University March 2019 Dedication I dedicate this doctoral study to my mother, Comfort Kossiwa Alagbe, and late father, Ognandon Adoukonou, for being my heroes and my inspirers who taught me to dream big and the sky is not the limit but another step. I also dedicate this study to my family, especially my children. To my children, I urge you to put God first in everything, surround yourselves with positivity, love knowledge, and strive for excellence. Trust in God but believe in yourself. Dream big, chase your dream with hard work and know that you are limitless. May the Lord guide you, bless you, make his face shine upon you, and be gracious to you always. Acknowledgments I am grateful to the Lord for his unending mercy and immeasurable grace. I am very thankful to my chair, Dr. Isabel Wan for the support, patience, and guidance toward the successful completion of this study. I owe a moral debt to Dr. Greg Uche who boosted my confidence at a critical moment of this study. I use this opportunity to thank my URR, Dr. Peter Anthony, my program director, Dr. Susan Davis, and my assigned editor, Ms. Angie Drennen for reviews, corrections, instructions, and words of encouragement. To others not mentioned here, the memories of all your contributions remain in my heart forever. Finally, I pay a special tribute to the Togolese community for giving me the opportunity to lead the Togolese Diaspora in the United States (DTUSA) to the historic milestone of Congressional Recognition. Together, we saved lives, provided jobs, housing, scholarships, and healthcare opportunities and contributed to our community well-being. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iv Section 1: Foundation of the Study ......................................................................................1 Background of the Problem ...........................................................................................2 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................3 Purpose Statement ..........................................................................................................3 Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................4 Research Question .........................................................................................................5 Interview Questions .......................................................................................................5 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................6 Operational Definitions ..................................................................................................7 Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations ................................................................8 Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 8 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 9 Delimitations ......................................................................................................... 10 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................10 Value to Business .................................................................................................. 10 Contribution to Business Practice ......................................................................... 11 Implications for Social Change ............................................................................. 11 A Review of the Professional and Academic Literature ..............................................11 Corporate Sustainability........................................................................................ 13 Environmental Sustainability ................................................................................ 18 i Economic Sustainability ....................................................................................... 26 Social Sustainability.............................................................................................. 34 Entrepreneurship and Small Business Theory ...................................................... 40 Transition .....................................................................................................................54 Section 2: The Project ........................................................................................................56 Purpose Statement ........................................................................................................56 Role of the Researcher .................................................................................................57 Participants ...................................................................................................................59 Research Method and Design ......................................................................................60 Research Method .................................................................................................. 61 Research Design.................................................................................................... 62 Population and Sampling .............................................................................................64 Ethical Research...........................................................................................................67 Data Collection Instruments ........................................................................................69
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