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Small Shelly Fossils from the Argillaceous Facies of the Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation of Western Newfoundland

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Small Shelly Fossils from the Argillaceous Facies of the Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation of Western Newfoundland Small shelly fossils from the argillaceous facies of the Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation of western Newfoundland CHRISTIAN B. SKOVSTED and JOHN S. PEEL Skovsted, C.B. and Peel, J.S. 2007. Small shelly fossils from the argillaceous facies of the Lower Cambrian Forteau For− mation of western Newfoundland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (4): 729–748. A diverse fauna of helcionelloid molluscs, hyoliths, and other small shelly fossils is described from limestone layers within the Forteau Formation of the Bonne Bay region in western Newfoundland. The fauna is dominated by internal moulds of various molluscs and tubular problematica, but also includes hyolith opercula, echinoderm ossicles, and other calcareous small shelly fossils preserved by phosphatisation. Originally organophosphatic shells are comparatively rare, but are represented by brachiopods, hyolithelminths, and tommotiids. The fauna is similar to other late Early Cambrian faunas from slope and outer shelf settings along the eastern margin of Laurentia and may be of middle Dyeran age. The similarity of these faunas indicates that at least by the late Early Cambrian, a distinctive and laterally continuous outer shelf fauna had evolved. The Forteau Formation also shares elements with faunas from other Early Cambrian provinces, strengthening ties between Laurentia and Australia, China, and Europe during the late Early Cambrian. Two new taxa of problematic fossil organisms are described, the conical Clavitella curvata gen. et sp. nov. and the wedge−shaped Sphenopteron boomerang gen. et sp. nov. Key words: Helcionellidae, Hyolitha, Brachiopoda, small shelly fossils, Cambrian, Laurentia, Newfoundland. Christian B. Skovsted [[email protected]], Centre for Ecostratigraphy and Palaeobiology, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Marsfield, Sydney, Australia. Present address: Department of Earth Sciences (Palaeobiology), Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE−752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; John S. Peel [[email protected]], Department of Earth Sciences (Palaeobiology), Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, and Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE−752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. Introduction lished summary (Spencer 1981), no descriptions of other fos− sil groups have been published since the classical strati− In recent years, small shelly fossils from the upper Lower graphical monograph by Schuchert and Dunbar (1934). Cambrian of eastern Laurentia have been studied in detail This paper describes a diverse and generally well pre− from the Taconic allochthons of New York State and Que− served fauna of helcionelloid molluscs, hyoliths, and other bec, and the Cambrian succession within the Caledonian re− small shelly fossils from the lower Forteau Formation of the gion of North−East Greenland (e.g., Landing and Bartowski Bonne Bay region in western Newfoundland (Fig. 1). In the 1996; Landing et al. 2002; Skovsted 2004, 2006a; Malinky Bonne Bay region, the Forteau Formation is dominated by and Skovsted 2004; Skovsted and Holmer 2005). Lower shales (argillaceous facies of James and Kobluk 1978) and Cambrian rocks in southern Labrador and western New− was deposited in an outer shelf setting lying south of the shal− foundland have been known to contain a rich fossil fauna low water carbonate reefs of southern Labrabor (James et al. since the 19th century (e.g., Billings 1861; Walcott 1886) but 1989; Knight et al. 1995). knowledge of this fauna is still very limited. Several studies describe the famous archaeocyath reefs of southern Labrador Institutional abbreviations.—FG, Geologisches Institut, Frei− (James and Kobluk 1978; Kobluk and James 1979; Debren− berg, Germany; MGUH, Geological Museum, Copenhagen, ne and James 1981; James and Klappa 1983). Problematic Denmark; NFM, Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and salterellids were described by Yochelson (1970), Peel and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada; NYSM, New Berg−Madsen (1988) and Skovsted (2003), while Peel (1987) York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA; SAMP, South reported the helcionelloid mollusc Yochelcionella ameri− Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia; USNM, United cana Runnegar and Pojeta, 1980. With the exception of the States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian In− unpublished M.Sc. thesis of Spencer (1980), and its pub− stitution, Washington D.C., USA. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 52 (4): 729–748, 2007 http://app.pan.pl/acta52/app52−729.pdf 730 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 52 (4), 2007 North Greenland recognised; a shallow water carbonate facies in southern North-East Labrador and in the northern and westernmost parts of west− Greenland ern Newfoundland, and an argillaceous facies which out− crops east and south of the Long Range Mountains in west− ern Newfoundland. In its argillaceous facies the Forteau For− western Newfoundland mation is up to 700 m thick and is almost entirely composed and southern of shales and siltstones with only minor carbonate intercala− Labrador tions (James and Debrenne 1980). Although archaeocyath reefs are conspicuous throughout the carbonate facies of the Forteau Formation (James and Kobluk 1978), the only Quebec archaeocyaths known from the argillaceous facies belt occur New York in a thin basal limestone unit, the Devils Cove Member State (James and Debrenne 1980). All material studied herein was Thomasville, derived from thin limestone layers and nodules within the Pennsylvania shale sequence of the lower Forteau Formation in its argilla− ceous facies. The Bradore and Forteau formations in southern Labra− dor were interpreted by Debrenne and James (1981) as a transgressive sequence representing a gradual flooding of the eastern Laurentian craton (see also Knight et al. 1995). The sediments represent a sequence of environments going Newfoundland from fluvial (lower Bradore Formation) via strandline (up− per Bradore Formation) to shallow open shelf environments St. John’s (carbonate facies of the Forteau Formation). The argilla− ceous facies of the Forteau Formation was presumably de− posited farther away from the shore, in relatively deep open marine environments on the outer shelf (Knight et al. 1995: M Hawke Bay Formation fig. 3.18). Forteau Formation Material and methods Lower Cambrian Bradore Formation The fossils from western Newfoundland described below were mainly derived from a limestone sample (sample JSP1982−01) collected by JSP from a road cut in the Deer Fig. 1. Lower Cambrian localities in eastern Laurentia (A), map of New− Arm Member (4.6 m thick; James and Stevens 1982: 68) of foundland indicating the Bonne Bay region (B) and simplified Lower Cam− the Forteau Formation, 12 km east of Rocky Harbour on brian stratigraphy in western Newfoundland (C). Highway 73, near the head of Dear Arm, Gros Morne. This member occurs from about 110–115 m above the base of the formation. From this sample Peel (1987) described the Geological setting helcionelloid mollusc Yochelcionella americana, Peel and Berg−Madsen (1988) illustrated internal moulds of Salterella The Labrador Group (autochtonous lower Palaeozoic) of cf. S. maccullochi and Skovsted et al. (2004) described speci− southern Labrador and western Newfoundland comprises mens of Triplicatella peltata and Triplicatella? sp. two depositional megacycles (James and Kobluk 1978). The Additional material was derived from four samples (ICS lower cycle is entirely Lower Cambrian while the upper cy− 1421, ICS 1422, ICS 1518, and ICS 1519) collected in the cle stretches though the Lower Cambrian to the lower Ordo− same general area by Allison Robert Palmer (see Skovsted vician. The lower megacycle comprises basal sandstones and 2003). Sample ICS 1421 was collected from the basal layers conglomerates (the Bradore Formation), and an upper unit of of a 4 m thick limestone marker bed at about 180 m above the shales and limestones (the Forteau Formation) that in places base of the formation (Gros Morne quadrangle, 4. 40,500 E includes abundant archaeocyath reefs. The Forteau Forma− and 54. 85,500 to 85,900 N east of Norris Point). Sample ICS tion is overlain by the regressive Hawke Bay sandstone 1518 was collected at the top of the same bed while ICS 1519 which forms the base of the upper megacycle. was collected from float material associated with the marker The Forteau Formation outcrops in southern Labrador bed. The associated (undescribed) macrofauna of the marker and in the Great Northern Peninsula of western Newfound− bed includes species of Wanneria, Bonnia, and ptychopari− land. Two distinctive facies of the Forteau Formation can be oids (Allison Robert Palmer, personal communication 2003). SKOVSTED AND PEEL—CAMBRIAN SMALL SHELLY FOSSILS FROM NEWFOUNDLAND 731 Sample ICS 1422 was collected from calcareous nodules at Table 1. Faunal comparisons. Distribution of western Newfoundland taxa an unresolved level within a thick siltstone unit (40–110 m within described late Early Cambrian distal shelf and slope faunas from above the base of the formation) further north along the high− eastern Laurentia. Based on information in: Landing and Bartowski way. Associated macrofossils include species of Wanneria (1996); Landing et al. (2002); Lochman (1956); Malinky and Skovsted (2004); Skovsted (2004, 2006a); Skovsted and Holmer (2005), and and Olenellus? (Allison Robert Palmer, personal communi− Skovsted et al. (2004). cation 2003). Samples were treated with buffered 10% acetic acid. Re− Region: Newfound- NE NE NY State, Quebec sulting residues were sieved and the heavy mineral fraction land, Greenland, Greenland, Browns
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