iii Contents ABSTRACT / RESUME vi INTRODUCTION 1 GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE 1 ZOOGEOGRAPHIC CODES 4 HABITAT CODES 4 REVISION OF THE BARNARD AND BARNARD GEOGRAPHIC CODES 5 REVISED LIST OF GEOGRAPHIC CODES FOR THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 11 BIBLIOGRAPHE COVERAGE 13 SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT 13 THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AMPHIPOD FAUNA 17 PROSPECTIVE COMMENTS 17 List of abbreviations 22 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 22 PART 1. GAMMARIDEA 23 Acanthonotozomellidae 23 Ampeliscidae 23 Amphilochidae 25 Ampithoidae 26 Astyridae 26 Cheidae 26 Clarenciidae 26 Colomastigidae 27 Corophiidae 27 Dexaminidae 31 Didymocheliidae 33 Eophliantidae 33 Epimeriidae 34 Eusiridae 36 Exoedicerotidae 47 Gammarellidae 47 Gammarida: Ceradocopsis Group 50 Gammarida: Ceradocus Group 50 Gammarida: Gammarella Group 51 Gammarida: Parapherusa Group 51 Hadziidae 52 Hyalidae 52 Hyperiopsidae 53 iv Iphimediidae 53 Ischyroceridae 59 Laphystiopsidae 62 Leucothoidae 62 Liljeborgiidae 62 Lysianassoidea 64 Melitidae 78 Melphidippidae 79 Ochlesidae 79 Odiidae 79 Oedicerotidae 79 Pagetinidae 81 Pardaliscidae 82 Phliantidae 82 Phoxocephalidae 82 Phococephalopsidae 85 Plastyischnopidae 86 Pleustidae 86 Podoceridae 87 Pontoporeiidae 88 Pseudamphilochidae 88 Sebidae 88 Stegocephalidae 89 Stenothoidae 90 Stilipedidae 95 Synopiidae 96 Talitridae (supralittoral) 97 Urohaustoriidae 99 Urothoidae 99 Valettidae 100 Zobrachoidae 100 PART 2. CAPRELLIDEA 101 Phtisicidae 101 Caprellidae 103 Cyamidae (ectoparasites on cetacea) 104 PART 3. HYPERIIDEA 106 Archaeoscinidae 106 Mimonectidae 106 Proscinidae 106 Scinidae 106 Chuneolidae 109 Lanceolidae 109 Microphasmidae 109 Vibiliidae 110 Cystisomatidae 112 Paraphronimidae 112 Hyperiidae 113 Phronlmidae 116 Phrosinidae 117 Brachyscelidae 118 V Lycaeidae 118 Platyscelidae 118 Tryphanidae 118 REFERENCES 120 Abbreviations of superfamily and family names used in indexes 136 INDEX I: GAMMARIDEA AND CAPRELLIDEA 137 INDEX II: HYPERIIDEA 151 vi ABSTRACT A checklist, with synonymical bibliography, of all benthic, supralittoral and pelagic Amphipoda (Gammaridea, Caprellidea and Hyperiidea) occurring in the Southern Ocean is drawn up, mostiy from taxonomical literature checked until 31 December 1992. 883 taxa have been recorded: 711 spp. and subspp. of Gammaridea, 28 spp. of Caprellidea, 69 spp. and subspp. of Hyperiidea as well as 75 unidentified spp. (73 Gammaridea, 2 Caprellidea). Distribution in the East or West Antarctic sub-regions, in the Subantarctic Islands sub-region, in the Magellanic sub-region and in the Tristan da Cunha district is mentioned. Bathyal and abyssal benthic occurrence is indicated as well as the général bathymetrical distribution of the pelagic species occurring south of 45°S. The Barnard & Barnard (1983) coded géographie system for reporting distribution of taxa is revised for the Southern Ocean and a new list of géographie codes of général application for Antarctic and Subantarctic benthos is provided.. The benthic Amphipod fauna of the Southern Ocean comprises 702 species (85 % endemic) of which 451 are distributed in the Antarctic région (78.4 % endemic) and 342 in the Subantarctic région (50.8 % endemic). Endemicity at the genus level attains 36.7 % for the whole Southern Ocean, 26.2 % for the Antarctic and 13.5 % for the Subantarctic région respectively. Keywords: Crustacea, Amphipoda, Southern Ocean, Antarctic, Benthos, Zoogeography, Distribution codes, Endemicity. RESUME Une liste, avec synonymie et références bibliographiques, de toutes les espèces benthiques, supralittorales et pélagiques d'Amphipodes (Gammaridea, Caprellidea et Hyperiidea) de l'Océan Austral est dressée, principalement sur base de la littérature taxonomique dépouillée jusqu'au 31 décembre 1992. 883 taxa ont été recensés: 711 spp. et subspp. de Gammaridea, 28 spp. de Caprellidea, 69 spp. et subspp. d'Hyperiidea ainsi que 75 spp. non identifiées (73 Gammaridea, 2 Caprellidea). La distribution dans les sous-régions antarctiques occidentale et orientale, dans la sous-région des iles subantarctiques, dans la sous-région magellanique et dans le district de Tristan da Cunha est mentionnée. La présence dans le benthos bathyal ou abyssal ainsi que les traits généraux de la distribution bathymétrique des espèces pélagiques - présentes au sud de 45°S - sont indiquées. Le système de codes de distribution géographique des taxa établi par Barnard & Barnard (1983) est revu pour l'Océan Austral et une nouvelle liste de codes géographiques - d'application générale pour le benthos antarctique et subantarctique- est présentée. La faune des amphipodes benthiques de l'Océan Austral comprend 702 espèces (dont 85% d'endémiques) parmi lesquelles 451 sont présentes dans la Région Antarctique (78.4% d'endémiques) et 342 dans la Région Subantarctique (50.8% d'endémiques). L'endémicité au niveau générique atteint 36.7% pour l'ensemble de l'Océan Austral, 26.2% pour la Région Antarctique et 13.5% pour la Région Subantarctique. Mots-clés: Crustacea, Amphipoda, Océan Austral, Antarctique, Benthos, Zoogéographie, Codes de distribution, Endémicité. 1 INTRODUCTION Amphipod crustaceans often constitute an abundant and diverse component of the benthic communities in the Antarctic and Subantarctic coastal and shelf zones. They also commonly occur in the neritic and oceanic communities of the Southern Océan. Both benthic and pelagic amphipods form a main trophic resource for many Antarctic and Subantarctic fishes (see e.g. Schwarzbach 1988; Gon & Heemstra 1990; Koek 1992) and a number of Southern Océan seabirds and squids regularly prey on pelagic amphipods (see e.g. Croxall 1987; Puddicombe & Johnstone 1988; Rodhouse et al. 1992). In the context of the new emphasis on biodiversity studies and the development of marine ecological studies linked to the monitoring and understanding of the global change effects as well as to the rational management of Antarctic fisheries, more taxonomical expertise and tools, like databases and identification guides, are crucially needed, especially in highly diverse and taxonomically difficult groups. A preliminary step toward this objective is the production of up- to-date faunal checklists. This checklist aims at giving the present state of composition, taxonomy, and général distribution of the amphipod fauna (Gammaridea, Caprellidea and Hyperiidea) of the Southern Ocean. It updates and enlarges the faunal list compiled by Lowry and Bullock (1976) in their very useful "Catalogue of the Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean", but without giving here full distributional data. The present list includes 883 taxa: 711 spp. and subspp. of Gammaridea, 28 spp. of Caprellidea and 69 spp. and subspp. of Hyperidea. In addition, 75 unidentified spp. (73 Gammaridea and 2 Caprellidea) have been recorded. in their survey, restricted to the area south of 50° S, Lowry and Bullock (1976) cited 526 spp. and subspp. and 30 unidentified spp. of Gammaridea. Despite substantial progresses accomplished in the last two decades in the Southern Ocean benthos survey, nowadays large parts of the East Antarctic shelf and of the coastal and shelf zones of the Magellanic région remain understudied in comparison with most of the West Antarctic or the Subantarctic Islands. Moreover, the slope and abyssal basins faunas all around the Antarctic continent are still virtually unknown. A more complete catalogue, with full référencés to ecology, biology, physiology or other topics and with full distributional records is in préparation. The literature has been checked till 31 December 1992. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE All species and subspecies occuring in the Southern Ocean are listed. This vast marine area, spreading south of the Subtropical Convergence zone to the Antarctic continent (Deacon 1982,1984; Mc Ginnis 1982), has been classically divided in two zoogeographical régions, primarily on the base of the distribution of the benthic fauna (Hedgpeth 1969, Knox & Lowry 1977 and White 1984). These subdivisions have been used in this checklist with slight modifications. They are (fig. 1): 1. the Antarctic Région, which extends from the continent to the Antarctic Convergence (or Antarctic Polar Front) to the north, and comprises two sub-regions or provinces: 1.1. the East Antarctic (or High Antarctic) or Continental sub-region is located south of the Antarctic Divergence and includes the coasts, the shelf and the neritic zones around the continent, from the eastern and southem Weddell Sea to the Bellingshausen Sea. The benthic fauna of the Bellingshausen Sea, still poorly known, shows affinities with both East and West Antarctic fauna, and, for the purpose of this checklist, Bellingshausen Sea has been included in the East Antarctic sub-region. On the other hand, the shelf fauna of the western Weddell Sea along the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula is virtually unknown but there are indications of West Antarctic affinities (Voss 1988) and it has been included here in the West Antarctic 2 Fig. 1. Zoogeographical zonation of the Southern Océan (slightly modified from Hedgpeth, 1969; location of convergences zones according to Deacon, 1982) 3 sub-region. 1.2. the West Antarctic or "Scotia" sub-region includes al! the islands of the Scotia Are with South Georgia and Shag Rocks, plus Bouvet Island, the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula to south of Marguerite Bay (Knox & Lowry 1977) and the western Weddell Sea. The South Georgia - Shag Rocks district, sometimes refered to the Subantarctic, is kept here in the West Antarctic sub-region with Knox & Lowry (1977). 2. the Subantarctic Région, extending between the Antarctic