DOCSLIB.ORG

Gas-Phase Pyrolysis Products Emitted by Prescribed fires in Pine Forests with a Shrub Understory in the Southeastern United States

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gas-Phase Pyrolysis Products Emitted by Prescribed fires in Pine Forests with a Shrub Understory in the Southeastern United States Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9681–9698, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9681-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Gas-phase pyrolysis products emitted by prescribed fires in pine forests with a shrub understory in the southeastern United States Nicole K. Scharko1, Ashley M. Oeck1, Tanya L. Myers1, Russell G. Tonkyn1, Catherine A. Banach1, Stephen P. Baker2, Emily N. Lincoln2, Joey Chong3, Bonni M. Corcoran3, Gloria M. Burke3, Roger D. Ottmar4, Joseph C. Restaino5, David R. Weise3, and Timothy J. Johnson1 1Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, Richland, WA, USA 2USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, USA 3USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, USA 4USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Seattle WA, USA 5School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA Correspondence: Timothy J. Johnson ([email protected]) Received: 20 February 2019 – Discussion started: 28 March 2019 Revised: 3 July 2019 – Accepted: 4 July 2019 – Published: 1 August 2019 Abstract. In this study we identify pyrolysis gases from pre- Yokelson et al., 2013; Andreae, 1991). The primary carbon- scribed burns conducted in pine forests with a shrub under- containing gases emitted during such burns are CO2, CO, and story captured using a manual extraction device. The de- CH4, in order of decreasing concentration (Ward and Hardy, vice selectively sampled emissions ahead of the flame front, 1991). Hundreds of other trace gases have also been iden- minimizing the collection of oxidized gases, with the cap- tified in the emissions, including many non-methane volatile tured gases analyzed in the laboratory using infrared (IR) organic compounds (NMVOCs), oxygenated volatile organic absorption spectroscopy. Results show that emission ratios compounds (OVOCs), nitrogen-containing species, and sul- (ERs) relative to CO for ethene and acetylene were signif- fur compounds (Yokelson et al., 1996; Lobert et al., 1991; icantly greater than in previous fire studies, suggesting that Talbot et al., 1988). The major sources of such biomass burn- the sample device was able to collect gases predominantly ing emissions are wildland fire and, to a lesser extent, pre- generated prior to ignition. Further evidence that ignition had scribed fire. Prescribed fires are used to reduce dangerous not begun was corroborated by novel IR detections of sev- fuel buildups and manage habitats (Fernandes and Botelho, eral species, in particular naphthalene. With regards to oxy- 2003). The use of prescribed fire as a preventative tool is genated species, several aldehydes (acrolein, furaldehyde, of particular importance in the western United States (US) acetaldehyde, formaldehyde) and carboxylic acids (formic, where wildland fires are increasing in severity (Turetsky et acetic) were all observed; results show that ERs for acetalde- al., 2011; Miller et al., 2009). In the southeastern US, pre- hyde were noticeably greater, while ERs for formaldehyde scribed fire is also used on a routine basis for purposes such and acetic acid were lower compared to other studies. The as ecosystem management (Waldrop and Goodrick, 2012). acetylene-to-furan ratio also suggests that high-temperature For these and other beneficial reasons, an estimated 3.6 mil- pyrolysis was the dominant process generating the collected lion hectares of forestry land are burned in the US by pre- gases. scribed fire each year (Melvin, 2012). Agencies that conduct such burns often rely on fire-related models (Reinhardt et al., 1997; Prichard et al., 2006) to predict the impacts of the pre- 1 Introduction scribed burn. Models and experience are used to determine desired fire behavior from fuel, weather, and topography in Biomass burning contributes large quantities of trace gases to order to achieve the desired burn effects. The current oper- the earth’s atmosphere (Crutzen and Andreae, 1990; Akagi ational models to predict fire behavior use a simplistic ap- et al., 2011; Andreae and Merlet, 2001; Crutzen et al., 1979; Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 9682 N. K. Scharko et al.: Pyrolysis Gases from Pine Forest Fires proach to the chemical aspects of combustion and fire spread 2018). Studies that have the ability to measure emissions (Albini, 1976; Rothermel, 1972). Physics-based fire behavior both near the fire and aloft are especially useful in under- models, while not currently fast enough for operational use, standing the complex chemistries that occur during and af- have the ability to incorporate details of fire behavior includ- ter prescribed fires, including the (oxidative) chemistry of ing heat transfer and chemical reactions (Clark et al., 2010; the downwind plume. For example, Akagi et al. (2013) de- Mell et al., 2009). These models, such as FIRETEC and FDS, tected limonene from a prescribed burn with a land-based often model the process of pyrolysis based only on results FTIR and linked it to the production of ozone, formaldehyde, for wood or ground foliage samples. In order to improve the and methanol, all of which were measured downwind with modeling of pyrolysis and combustion processes for such an airborne-based FTIR. In an earlier prescribed burn study, models, a study is currently underway (Weise et al., 2018) Burling et al. (2011) detected enhanced levels of isoprene wherein pyrolysis products from the same plant species are and 1,3-butadiene in the smoke from a living tree when com- being measured (1) in an oxygen-free environment using in- pared to dead stumps under the same conditions. However, tact foliage samples (Amini et al., 2019a, b; Safdari et al., preflame pyrolysis emissions can be relatively low compared 2018, 2019), (2) in an atmospheric oxygen wind tunnel set- to total emissions from a fire, and few investigations have ting with relatively simple heterogeneous fuel beds (paper in studied the preignition or pyrolysis gases emitted prior to preparation), and (3) in small field burns as discussed in this the flaming combustion stage. Pyrolysis, which is one of the paper. One of the goals of the overall study is to determine first steps in the burning process (Collard and Blin, 2014), the relationship between the controlled laboratory results and leads to char formation, depolymerization, and species frag- actual fire conditions in the field, as was done previously by mentation. Volatile products are generated and, if unstable, Yokelson et al. (2013); they conducted a lab–field compar- can continue to undergo secondary (noncombustion) reac- ison study focusing mostly on the flaming and smoldering tions such as cracking or recombination (Collard and Blin, stages. The present study focuses only on early-stage emis- 2014). Pyrolytic reactions produce fuel gases that, if suffi- sions, particularly pyrolysis, in the hope that improved elu- cient in quantity and in the presence of oxygen, will maintain cidation of the gas-phase pyrolysis products and other early- the flame via combustion pathways (Ward and Hardy, 1991; stage processes of prescribed burns will ultimately improve Di Blasi, 1993). the overall ability to model fire behavior (Ferguson et al., While there are few field studies of pyrolysis, there have 2013; Shotorban et al., 2018; Yashwanth et al., 2016). been many laboratory studies carried out in controlled en- In the broader community, there has also been consider- vironments. In one of the earliest investigations, DeGroot able interest in identifying and quantifying gas emissions et al. (1988) detected H2O, CO2, CH3OH, HCOOH, and from fire due to the influential role of (wildland) fire in atmo- CH3COOH from the pyrolysis of wood. More recent stud- spheric chemistry and climate, as studied both in the labora- ies have observed several other compounds, such as CO, tory and in field burns (Crutzen et al., 1979; Andreae et al., CH4, lightweight hydrocarbons (C2–C5), and light tar com- 1988, 1994; Lobert et al., 1991; Lindesay et al., 1996; Goode pounds (e.g., benzene, its derivatives, and polycyclic aro- et al., 1999; Yokelson et al., 1996, 1999; Chi et al., 1979). matic hydrocarbons), from the slow pyrolysis of birchwood The types of gases emitted and their relative abundances de- (Fagernäs et al., 2012). Oxygenated compounds (e.g., furan- pend on many factors such as fuel type, fuel arrangement, related compounds) have been observed from the fast pyrol- land management activities, burning techniques, and envi- ysis of levoglucosan, a known pyrolyzate of cellulose (Bai ronmental conditions (Ward et al., 1992, 1996). In the 1990s, et al., 2013). Laboratory experiments that have investigated Griffith, Yokelson, and coworkers conducted a series of labo- the condensed and/or gas-phase compounds generated by py- ratory studies using an open-path Fourier transform infrared rolysis under controlled conditions have revealed that the (FTIR) spectrometer to investigate how some of these factors speciation and distribution of the products are dependent on influence the concentrations of emitted gases (Goode et al., a number of factors such as heating rate, temperature, fuel 1999; Yokelson et al., 1996, 1997). There have been several composition, live vs. dead fuels, and the amount of avail- follow-on laboratory studies using IR spectroscopy as well as able oxygen (Azeez et al., 2011; Lu et al., 2011; Shen et al., other analytical techniques to identify previously unknown 2010; Safdari et al., 2018; Ren and Zhao, 2012, 2013a, b). fire emission products and to derive emission factors from For instance, Ren and Zhao (2013a) found that the amount various fuel types (Burling et al., 2010; Hatch et al., 2017; and speciation of nitrogen-containing pyrolyzates is compli- Selimovic et al., 2018; Stockwell et al., 2014; Yokelson et cated and influenced by the content of mineral matter, the al., 2013; Gilman et al., 2015). presence of oxygen (Ren and Zhao, 2012), the structure (e.g., In addition to those laboratory studies, a number of field aliphatic vs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to BETRAYAL
    An Introduction to BETRAYAL There are times in the life of any individual or organization when they are challenged by events entirely beyond their control. One such event happened in the life of our Goodwill that challenged us to our very core. That event was the fraud committed by Carol Braun. We take pride in our corporate values and our integrity. We were exposed and vulnerable. The real mark of an organization's strength is its capacity to weather the most difficult storms. I believe that "Betrayal" is a testament to the strength and integrity of our Goodwill. It is a living testament to our capacity to learn from our hardships and mistakes. The book has found its way to every corner of America and has served to comfort and inform others who have faced similar circumstances. This book is dedicated to the men and women of Goodwill, our "People". We are stronger, more resilient and more compassionate as a result of this experience. We hope that Betrayal will, in some small way, ease any personal or professional challenges the reader may face and we stand ready to help. Bob Pedersen Chief Visionary & Storyteller Goodwill NCW BETRAYAL by Jed Block and the people of Goodwill Industries of North Central Wisconsin, Inc. © 2004 by Goodwill Industries of North Central Wisconsin, Inc., Menasha, Wisconsin 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword……………………………………………………………..Page 1 Chapters 1-30………………………………………………...……………..5 Epilogue…………………………………………………………………….74 Postscript……………………………………………………………………78 Appendix Mission, Vision, Values…………………………………………….81 Who’s Who
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Van Buren National Historic Site
    M ARTIN VAN BUREN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY, 1974-2006 SUZANNE JULIN NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NORTHEAST REGION HISTORY PROGRAM JULY 2011 i Cover Illustration: Exterior Restoration of Lindenwald, c. 1980. Source: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Chapter One: Recognizing Lindenwald: The Establishment Of Martin Van Buren National Historic Site 5 Chapter Two: Toward 1982: The Race To The Van Buren Bicentennial 27 Chapter Three: Saving Lindenwald: Restoration, Preservation, Collections, and Planning, 1982-1987 55 Chapter Four: Finding Space: Facilities And Boundaries, 1982-1991 73 Chapter Five: Interpreting Martin Van Buren And Lindenwald, 1980-2000 93 Chapter Six: Finding Compromises: New Facilities And The Protection of Lindenwald, 1992-2006 111 Chapter Seven: New Possibilities: Planning, Interpretation and Boundary Expansion 2000-2006 127 Conclusion: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Administrative History 143 Appendixes: Appendix A: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Visitation, 1977-2005 145 Appendix B: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Staffi ng 147 Appendix C: Martin Van Buren National Historic Site Studies, Reports, And Planning Documents 1936-2006 151 Bibliography 153 Index 159 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1.1. Location of MAVA on Route 9H in Kinderhook, NY Figure 1.2. Portrait of the young Martin Van Buren by Henry Inman, circa 1840 Library of Congress Figure 1.3. Photograph of the elderly Martin Van Buren, between 1840 and 1862 Library of Congress Figure 1.4. James Leath and John Watson of the Columbia County Historical Society Photograph MAVA Collection Figure 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Seinfeld - "The Twin Towers" an Original Spec Script
    SEINFELD - "THE TWIN TOWERS" AN ORIGINAL SPEC SCRIPT BY: BILLY DOMINEAU 08/02/2016 [email protected] Twitter: @billydomineau Instagram: @moms4sodainpublicschools COLD OPEN INT. COMEDY CLUB - NIGHT JERRY You think they ever get backed up at the gates of Heaven? Too many people die at once, it just overwhelms the system? It’s gotta be like the DMV on a Friday. “Everyone take a number, you’ll be judged in the order you slipped the surly bonds of Earth.” God’s angry at St. Peter. “What’s going on? Keep the line moving!” “I’ve got three angels on vacation - what do you want?!” All these poor souls just standing around, reading old magazines. “This is taking an eternity. I could’ve been in Hell by now!” END OF COLD OPEN 2. ACT I INT. YANKEES CONFERENCE ROOM - DAY GEORGE AND OTHER EMPLOYEES STAND AMONG NYPD AND FDNY. MR. WILHELM STANDS BEFORE THE ROOM NEXT TO A FIRE CAPTAIN. A BANNER READS “UNITED WE STAND - THANK YOU, HEROES!”. MR. WILHELM We have all been shaken by last Tuesday’s horrific events. But through the darkness of September 11th, the light of our brave firefighters and police officers shines through. GEORGE IS IN THE CROWD NEXT TO A LARGE FIREFIGHTER. HE LOOKS UP AT THE MAN WITH A BEAMING SMILE. MR. WILHELM (CONT’D) These selfless men and women are heroes to us all. GEORGE NODS HIS HEAD TO THE FIREFIGHTER AND PATS HIM ON THE BACK. THE FIREFIGHTER IS SLIGHTLY UNCOMFORTABLE. MR. WILHELM (CONT’D) And I could not be prouder to thank them on behalf of the entire Yankees family! APPLAUSE FROM THE AUDIENCE.
    [Show full text]
  • PG Post 03.31.05 Vol.73#13F
    The Prince George’s Post A COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER FOR PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY Since 1932 Vol. 75, No. 45 November 8 — November 14, 2007 Prince George’s County, Maryland Newspaper of Record Phone: 301-627-0900 25 cents Wynn, Edwards Push Toward February Primary Candidates Collect Money From Both Office Seekers Share Different Ends of Spectrum 2006 Campaign Sameness By DANIELLE ULMAN thropists like Lynde Uihlein, By DANIELLE ULMAN same choice on Feb. 12 in the Capital News Service heiress to the Schlitz Brewing Capital News Service 4th Congressional District, fortune, and singer Barbra which spans parts of Prince WASHINGTON – The race Streisand. WASHINGTON – U.S. George’s and Montgomery for Maryland’s Congressional “That kind of money does- Rep. Albert Wynn vowed to counties. District 4 seat has gone nation- n’t normally intervene in a pri- change after he narrowly beat The narrow victory sur- al, as U.S. Rep. Albert Wynn mary,” said Frances Lee, a Donna Edwards in 2006, but prised Wynn, who had not had a and competitor Donna Edwards University of Maryland, the voters’ opinion of the trans- credible primary challenger vie for endorsements and cash College Park professor of gov- formation won’t be registered since 1992, when nine candi- to fill their war chests. ernment and politics. until the next primary election dates ran for office and he Edwards’ receipts total “It’s not your run-of-the- results are counted. received 28 percent of votes. $214,365 with more than three mill primary in that sense,” she Wynn eked out a win over Following his electoral months to go until the February said.
    [Show full text]
  • The Game of Love CHANGING the RULES CHANGES
    The Game of Love CHANGING THE RULES CHANGES EVERYTHING! © By Kevin B. Rice INTRODUCTION Ah, the game of love! You know – falling head over heels, the pursuit, the chance to win someone over, and all those feelings of butterflies in the stomach! Where did all of this begin? Why is it such a part of our lives? And why does suffering so often follow? Once I became interested in the topic of love and romance I began to research it. It seems so much a part of everyone’s life at one time or another that I figured it had to be something primal – behavior imprinted on the human psyche since the beginning of time. But I couldn’t have been more wrong. I discovered, much to my surprise, that “courtly love,” or modern day’s idea of “romantic love,” was invented by humans, not by God. The first time in recorded history where courtly love, (as it is now known,) appeared was with Guilaume IX, the Count of Poitiers and Duke of Aquitaine in the 11th century when he wrote eleven poems that set forth the ideology of courtly love. It was not until the appearance of Eleanor of Aquitaine when she made the courts of her two daughters’ important centers where this courtly poetry could be read. One chaplain, Andreas Cappellanus at Marie’s court, penned a three book treatise called The Art of Courtly Love. In it, Capellanus wrote several rules setting forth how courtly love was to be played out. However, courtly love was marginalized for centuries because France became a monarchy and the feudal order reigned.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Cartoon Characters and Front-Of-Package (FOP) Nutrition Information on Parental Perceptions of Children’S Food
    The Impact of Cartoon Characters and Front-of-Package (FOP) Nutrition Information on Parental Perceptions of Children’s Food Products by Wiworn Sae Yang A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Health Studies & Gerontology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2012 © Wiworn Sae Yang 2012 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Childhood obesity is a major public health issue. Canada has one of the highest childhood obesity rates in the world. Food advertising and marketing have contributed to the rapid rise in childhood obesity. High energy and low nutrient foods have been promoted directly to children through attractive imagery on packages, including the use of popular cartoon characters. Children’s food packaging also features a range of nutrition information targeted at parents, including nutrition claims; however, there is relatively little research on the impact of these nutrition claims and the extent to which they may interact with child-friendly imagery to influence parents’ perception of food quality. The current study used a 2 x 2 experimental design to examine the effect of four front-of-package (FOP) nutrition information and four cartoon characters on parental perceptions of children’s food products. Participants consisted of 897 parents recruited across Canada through GMI, a market research company. Participants were over 18, had at least one child between ages 4-10 and the primary shopper of their household.
    [Show full text]
  • Seinfeld's 10 Enduring Lessons---About the IRS
    Robert W. Wood THE TAX LAWYER TAXES 7/05/2014 Seinfeld's 10 Enduring Lessons---About The IRS On Seinfeld’s 25th anniversary–it debuted July 5th, 1989–it is being discussed again around today’s version of the water cooler. Yes, Seinfeld at 25: There’s Still Nothing Else Like It. Turns out even a show about nothing can teach us something, including tax lessons like these: 1. IRS Has Power. In “The Truth,” aired September 25, 1991, the IRS asks Jerry about a $50 charitable contribution to rescue the people of Krakatoa. When the charity turned out to be fake, Jerry says the IRS is “like the mafia. They can take anything they want.” That may seem overstated, but it’s true that the IRS has a lot of power. Never forget it. 2. Timing Matters. Sure, the IRS has power, but there are limits too. Jerry’s audit was for 1986, and the show aired in 1991. If Jerry filed his 1986 tax return in 1987, this audit was beyond the three year statute of limitations. In some cases, how long can IRS audit depends on you, but there are plenty of procedural safeguards if you file on time, respond to notices promptly, and keep the administrative process going. 1997 Emmy Awards – photo by Alan Light (Photo credit: Wikipedia) 3. Write-Offs Count. In “The Package,” aired October 17, 1996, Kramer convinces Jerry to say his stereo was broken during shipping. Their conversation about write-offs reveals what many Americans think, as if “I’ll just write it off,” means the expense doesn’t count.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Tour Catalog
    2018 Tour Catalog Motorcoach Vacations • One-Day Tours Fly-Drive Tours • Sports Tours • European Getaways 717-569-1111 or 1-800-538-2222 Visit us at 1619 Manheim Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601 www.ConestogaTours.com THE BENEFITS OF ESCORTED YOU ARE IMPORTANT TRAVEL ARE ENDLESS… Conestoga Tours believes that those who travel from easy planning to the discovery of with us join our family – and as with any family new places with old and new friends. Our member, deserves the utmost in attention. You travelers’ comfort, safety and enjoyment are not a customer, you are our travelers – and we are the foundation upon which Conestoga treat our travelers with the dignity and respect Tours aims to build a unique and enjoyable they deserve. With over 40 years in the escorted travel experience. We combine the best in tour business, Conestoga Tours has solidified its accommodations, attractions, restaurants and position as a leader in providing an unexcelled transportation so that you can travel with the travel experience. confidence that all travel worries are taken care of for you. UNIQUE DINING EXPERIENCES Meals are always an important part of any tour, THE BEST VALUE FOR YOUR DOLLAR so we pay great attention to the meals that we Traveling in a group is much less expensive, include in our tour program. We try to capture much more comfortable and much more fun the special flavor of an area by adding a unique than going it alone. And when you consider dining experience to the package, such as a that for around $175.00 per day you can lobster bake in Cape Cod and New England, enjoy a top hotel, have meals, visit attractions a western cook-out in Yellowstone or a seafood and enjoy great deluxe transportation, a dinner in San Francisco.
    [Show full text]
  • Words Without Music the Ira Gershwin Newsletter No
    Words Without Music The Ira Gershwin Newsletter No. 5, Fall 2010 The Ira Gershwin NewsletterPaul /McCartney Fall 2010 1 wins Gershwin Prize Words Without Music Letter from Michael Strunsky The Ira Gershwin Newsletter It’s been an eventful 2010 and this fifth issue of Words Without Music is No. 5, Fall 2010 • ISSN 1938-4556 filled with Gershwin news from many fronts. Among the stories: Music legend Paul McCartney was named the third recipient of the Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song, and concerts honoring him were held in Washington, D.C., at both the White House and the Library. I had the pleasure of writing up my impressions of the White House evening for our newsletter. Contents A significant occasion of a different kind at the Library of Congress Letter from Michael Strunsky 2 was the first performance in more than seven decades of the Har- What Ira Taught Me 3 old Arlen/Yip Harburg/Ira Gershwin score for the 1934 revue Life Paul McCartney Receives Gershwin Prize 4 Begins at 8:40. A recording made shortly afterwards is now available Coming Back to Life 6on a PS Classics CD. Life Begins at 8:40 on Disc 7 We also report on the reopening of the Library’s Gershwin Room. Some Words About Adrienne Matzenauer 8 Original Life Begins at 8:40 lyric sheets from the Gershwin Collection Gershwin Room Reopens 9 were on display in the foyer of the concert hall on the day of the revue’s Congratulations 9 Unmistakably Gershwin – and Wilson 10 performance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program
    TRB COVER 7/10/02 10:11 AM Page 1 Special Report 264 special report 264 PAID U.S. Postage Non-Profit Org. Permit No. 8970 Washington, D.C. The CMAQ The Program: The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Assessing 10 Years of Assessing Experience 10 Years Improvement Program Assessing 10 Years of Experience 20418 transportation research board TRB ISBN 0-309-07700-1 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Transportation Research Transportation Board National Council Research 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC address requested service 264 Title page 6/12/02 3:45 PM Page 1 special report 264 The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program Assessing 10 Years of Experience Committee for the Evaluation of the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program transportation research board Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology division on earth and life studies national research council National Academy Press Washington, D.C. 2002 0660-00/FM 6/12/02 3:46 PM Page ii transportation research board special report 264 Subscriber Categories IA planning and administration IB energy and environment Transportation Research Board publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at www.TRB.org or national-academies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information, contact the Transportation Research Board Business Office, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418 (telephone 202-334-3213; fax 202-334-2519; or e-mail [email protected]). Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Grant Higher Love
    GRANT ME A HIGHER LOVE How to Go from the Relationship from Hell to One that’s Heaven Sent by Scaling The Ladder of Love Cindi Sansone-Braff iii DEDICATION To God, Who has been so patient with me, lifetime after lifetime -- I finally heard Your Divine Message loud and clear: Only love matters. This labor of love is humbly offered in celebration of You, My Lord. To the many blessed Soul Mates, both platonic and romantic ones, including those who have come and gone and those who, mercifully, still remain a vital part of my life. To the many Karmic Mates, Cellmates, and Razor’s Edge Mates who’ve helped me in my soulful journey, and to my Group Soul Mates whose love, friendship, and support contrib- uted greatly to this work. Most of all, to my beloved daughter, Shana, whose brilliant light broke through my darkness and showed me the way. This book is further dedicated to any- one in search of love. Peace be with you now and always. Ever yours, Copyright © 2008 Cindi Sansone-Braff Cindi All rights reserved. ISBN: 1-4196-6262-7 ISBN-13: 9781419662621 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007901567 Visit www.booksurge.com to order additional copies. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I most humbly acknowledge and give thanks to the entire cosmos for illuminating the way. Spe- cial thanks must be given to the many angels, spirit guides, and Ascended Masters who surrounded me with support, guidance, and comfort throughout this long process. I send abundant gratitude to the thousands of people who allowed me to read their Tarot cards, giv- ing me complete access into their hearts, minds, and souls, and for granting me permission to open their Akashic records.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recovery Journey Through Medical Necessity
    The • Maria Gregg, LCSW • [email protected] Recovery • Amanda Vierra, MA, Journey CMHRS, LAADC, MAC • through [email protected] • CASRA 2021 Spring Conference Medical • Tuesday, May 4, 2021 • Part 1 - 10:15 AM - 11:15 AM Necessity • Part 2 – 11:30 AM – 12:30 PM Goals • Understanding Medi-Cal requirements as the framework to use strengths- based language to document treatment and service engagement. • Shift towards documentation as an extension of person-centered care. • Increased awareness of how language used in documentation impacts engagement with the individuals we serve. 05/2021 2 Objectives • By the end of this session, participants will be able to: • Identify two reasons why documentation impacts engagement • Cite two ways in which developing strength-based progress notes can help to create meaningful interventions • Identify two ways that practitioners can translate traditional language to recovery-oriented language, especially in the use of trans-theoretical model. 05/2021 3 “A Difficult Patient” "The Package." Seinfeld, written by Jennifer Chrittenden, directed by Andy Ackerman, Columbia TriStar Television, 1996. S8, E5. https://youtu.be/ZJ2ms ARQsKU 05/2021 4 HAVE YOU EVER READ YOUR CHART? 05/2021 5 05/2021 6 Although one is not better than the other, our philosophy and mission encourages the use of the Recovery Model. We strongly believe that utilizing recovery language ensures that we focus on and provide recovery-oriented support & services. Traditional Language Recovery Language One to two-word descriptors Fuller, more broad description that only highlight issues of a person’s situation and someone is facing rather than experiences. This description providing a fuller context of is more clinically useful as it what an individual is paints a picture of the experiencing.
    [Show full text]