May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14801

Jackman, George T., xxx-xx-xxxx . MEDICAL CORPS Ueberroth, A rthur J., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Jeffers, Donald A., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant colonel Wolf, John W., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx Josehart, Harold E., xxx-xx-xxxx . Bailey, Richard H., xxx-xx-xxxx . MEDICAL CORPS Kelley, Robert E., xxx-xx-xxxx . Bradford, Thomas G., xxx-xx-xxxx . to be colonel Kemp, Harold L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Campbell, John B., xxx-xx-xxxx . Labrecque, Joseph L., xxx-xx-xxxx . McLaughlin, Max V., xxx-xx-xxxx . Didier, Edward P., xxx-xx-xxxx . Lock, John H. A., xxx-xx-xxxx . Tillman, William F., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vaughn, James W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Mason, Jaque V., xxx-xx-xxxx . The following-named A rmy N ational Guard McHardy, Louis W., xxx-xx-xxxx . T he following-named officers for appoint- officers for appointment in the R eserve of the McLaren, C. R., xxx-xx-xxxx . ment in the A rmy of the United States, under A rmy of the United S tates, under the provi- Muirhead, James A., xxx-xx-xxxx . the provisions of T itle 10, U.S .C ., S ection sions of Title 10, U.S.C., Section 3385: 3494: Olson, Clarence F., xxx-xx-xxxx . ARM Y PROM OTION LIST Roisum, Robert C., xxx-xx-xxxx . MEDICAL CORPS To be lieutenant colonel Roseman, Arnold S., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant colonel Rosenthal, Charles, xxx-xx-xxxx . Bennett, James F., xxx-xx-xxxx . Conteras, Jose J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Terrell, Leroy S., xxx-xx-xxxx . Birch, Robert D., xxx-xx-xxxx . Diaz, Miguel G., xxx-xx-xxxx . Timour, John A., xxx-xx-xxxx . Darby, Harry C., xxx-xx-xxxx . Gleichauf, John G., xxx-xx-xxxx . Tucker, Guy H. Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Kovacic, Joseph J., . Davis, Jack R., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vick, James A., . xxx-xx-xxxx Decatur, James A., . xxx-xx-xxxx T h e fo llo w in g -n am ed A rm y N atio n al xxx-xx-xxxx Ward, William S., . Della Bitta, Larry H., xxx-xx-xxxx . xxx-xx-xxxx G uard officers for appointm ent in the R e- Williams, Earl M., xxx-xx-xxxx . Engel, William F., . serve of the A rmy of the United States, under xxx-xx-xxxx Willis, George M., xxx-xx-xxxx . Fretterd, James F., xxx-xx-xxxx . Wiser, Rey L., . the provisions of T itle 10, U.S .C ., S ection xxx-xx-xxxx Grady, Russell, J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Wotring, Robert W. J., xxx-xx-xxxx . 3385: Herbst, Richard D., xxx-xx-xxxx . Young, John H. Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . ARM Y PROM OTION LIST Jarrell, R ichard P. M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Ziegler, H. E. Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be colonel Larkin, Richard G., xxx-xx-xxxx . ARM Y M EDICAL SPECIALT T CORPS Andrews, Eric H., xxx-xx-xxxx . Lockwood, Roy L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Cook, Ernest W., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant c ,tonel McLeod, Claude H., xxx-xx-xxxx . Dabadie, Joseph L., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Haag, Charles M., 208-18-75-.9. M cPhaul, Elbert Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Healey, Joseph A., xxx-xx-xxxx . Hartman, Charles W., xxx-xx-xxxx . M oody, Charles H., xxx-xx-xxxx . Hinrichs, Warren W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Santosespada, Carme, xxx-xx-xxxx . Nielsen, Chris, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Johnson, Walter L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Ulrich, Frank T., xxx-xx-xxxx . Jones, Robert Q. xxx-xx-xxxx . Schueler, Donald A., xxx-xx-xxxx . VETERINARY CORPS Mulrooney, Francis T., xxx-xx-xxxx . Stark, James M ., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant colonel Scholl, Sidney J., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Tidler, John W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Sawyer, John C., xxx-xx-xxxx . Sherman, Harold S., xxx-xx-xxxx . White, James E., xxx-xx-xxxx . T he following officers for appointment in Stewart, Edwin P., xxx-xx-xxxx . Williams, Lawrence C., xxx-xx-xxxx . the R eserve of the A rmy of the United States, Stone, Richard B., xxx-xx-xxxx . Wood, Bobby G., xxx-xx-xxxx . under the provisions of Title 10, U.S.C., Sec- Tatnall, Phillip R., xxx-xx-xxxx . Yearout, James L., xxx-xx-xxxx . tions 591,593, and 594: Tucker, Harold J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Zalopany, Peter E., xxx-xx-xxxx .

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

A SALUTE TO ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL stetrical department and waiting rooms John's achieved a 100-percent quota on DUR IN G N A T IO N A L HO S PIT A L were converted into patient rooms. filling their intern slots this last year. WEEK T he S alk vaccine has brought polio They also take an active participation in under control; and research has m ade resid ency p rogram s and m aintain a iron lungs a thing of the past. St. John's school of nursing, school of medical tech- HON. JAMES R. JONES has continued to build, and is now up to nology, and school of radiological tech- OF OKLAHOM A 552 beds. T heir technical people and nology. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES equipment are top quality. T heir medi- Voluntary charity is an important part Tuesday, M ay 8, 1973 cal staff is talented and dedicated. A ll of of this hospital's philosophy. Last year this is used to save lives that could not over 19,000 visits were recorded from M r. JO N ES of O klahoma. M r. Speak- have been saved a decade-or even a few patients unable to afford a private physi- er, today, as a continuation of my tribute years-ago. Just last month a 4-hour-old cian. to the hospitals in m y district during infant, critically ill with hyaline mem- Their last increase to patients on semi- N ational Hospital Week, I would like to brane disease-where the lungs are un- private rooms was in 1969, and in M arch salute the historical accomplishments of able to open after contracting-was suc- of 1970 for some intensive care rooms. the Sisters of the Sorrowful M other and cessfully treated, and has gone home to A n affirmative action employer, over their institution, S t. John's Hospital. his happy parents. 30 percent of S t. John's employees are Gen. John J. Pershing broke ground T he only iron lungs y ou see at S t. blacks, and educational opportunities are for S t. John's H ospital and S chool of John's now are historical objects; but offered to each of their 1,700 plus em- N ursing, Inc., in 1920, and the doors of history is repeating itself in the crowded ployees. T hey were awarded the "E m- the 50-bed hospital were opened in 1926 conditions. A gain w aiting room s are ployer of the Year" distinction by the to serve the community of T ulsa-then sacrificed for patient bed space, and the Oklahoma Rehabilitation Association for an oil-boom town. But the Sisters of the demand for more and more diagnostic employment of the handicapped. S orrowful M other, the C atholic order services and outpatient treatments has E arlier this year-just 53 years to the which owns and operates the hospital, also cut down on room for beds. exact day from their first groundbreak- had a monumental struggle to place even B u t th e S is te rs o f th e S o rro w fu l ing-and even using the sam e shovel these few beds at the city's disposal. M other and others in adm inistrative u s e d b y G e n . J o h n G . P e r s h in g - T he hospital continued to expand, as positions at the hospital have been busy. ground was broken for St. John's N orth one unit after another w as com pleted T here has been a logical progression of Tower. Completion date for this project and put into service. In 1926, admissions building plans, and early in 1971 the is scheduled for late 1975. were close to 2,000. By 1936, they were T ulsa A rea Health and Hospital Plan- For the record, it is important to point over 5,000; and in 1945 almost 11,000 ning Council approved the construction o u t th at p rivate fin an cin g h as b een patients were admitted. of a 14-level medical-surgical tower. This arran g ed . F u n d s to rep ay the $4 0 .8 D uring the 10-year period 1943-53 North Tower, which will bring total beds m illion-w hich includes all associated hospital adm issions doubled, and the to 603-with the capability of going to loan costs-will be obtained by St. John's polio epidemic of the early 1950's saw 10 723-is being built with no interruption through an amount set aside monthly for iron lungs in sim ultaneous use at S t. to patient care. N or will their vital pro- depreciation. M oneys have been ear- John's, with additional chest respirators g ra m s o f te a c h in g a n d re se a rc h b e marked for this purpose since 1969, and to h e lp o u t. B e d s p a c e w a s s h o rt in a ll lessened. th e s e f u n d s a r e now areas- invested so th at cots lined the halls in the ob - A leader in m edical education, S t. accu m u lated in terest is co n tin u ally C X IX -934-part 12 14802 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 added to the original and ongoing in­ First and third places in the special edi­ understand that there are times when peo­ vestment. This loan is the second largest tions and supplements category were taken ple must struggle for their rights-indeed, Federal Housing Authority-insured hos­ by Texan staffers. Steve Hogner and Suzanne fight for their very honor. pital loan in the United States. Ten Schwartz took first with their New Students But on campus after campus there was a banks have already been lined up by the Edition, and Avery and Dotty Griffith won small but determined band of dedicated third with the supplement on primary elec­ young Americans ready to fight for the free­ Lomas & Nettleton Co., national mort­ tions. dom of their institutions. Through the gage banker, to issue Government Na­ The Texan supplement, Pearl, was named Young Americans for Freedom, the silent tional Mortgage Association Certificates. the best general readership campus magazine. student majority found its voice. Planning never stops at St. John's Hos­ From one end of this Nation to the other, pital, and they are achieving the seem­ while the major news media were mesmerized ingly impossible task of a coexistence by the antics of the student leftist, the between economics and progress. SENATOR JESSE HELMS PAYS young Americans for Freedom were organiz­ TRIBUTE TO YOUNG AMERICANS ing the fight for freedom. While the drama FOR FREEDOM of the past decade was being acted out, st u­ dent leftists got the headlines and the tele­ vision coverage, and the satisfaction of being UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN the darlings of the media. STUDENT NEWSPAPER WINS HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS But if and when any honest history of t he KUDOS OF IDAHO past decade is written, conservative students IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will get the credit for having won the fight, for having calmed the storm. The leftists HON. J. J. PICKLE Tuesday, May 8, 1973 won the publicity, but they lost the war. The OF TEXAS Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, on April14 conservatives wanted to be effective, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they won the lasting gratitude of the silent of this year, I had the pleasure to intro­ majority of their own generation. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 duce Senator JESSE HELMS of North Caro­ That is one reason why I think it is you, lina, at a dinner held in his honor. The not I, who deserve all the honors we can give. Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, with praise dinner was hosted by a local chapter of But there is another, more personal reason and awards being bestowed on various Young Americans for Freedom. This or­ why I want to honor you tonight. The plain newspapers and newsmen, I want to ganization-YAF--devoted a great deal truth is that I would not be a Member of the point out that the University of Texas of time and resources to Senator HELMS' United States Senate were it not for the hard student newspaper, the Daily Texan, work and valuable counsel I received in my campaign and to mine. campaign from young men and women like has also been singled out as an outstand­ Senator HELMS' speech that evening ing paper. you. was a glowing tribute to this organiza­ When I allowed myself to get talked into Today, on the heels of awards for Wa­ tion of dedicated young conservatives. In running for the Senate, I knew two things. I tergate reporting, the American press these times when political principles knew I needed help. And I knew I wanted stands tall in the saddle. have taken a distant back seat in the the kind of help that dedicated young Ameri­ Mr. Speaker, awards for the Daily American political scene, I feel that my can conservatives can give. Texan are a yearly affair, considering colleagues in the Congress should have I got it. I shall never forget those lonely that the University of Texas at Austin days, early in our campaign last year-those the benefit of Senator HELMs' thoughts. days when we were groping for the handle, paper has been cited for outstanding Consequently, I am including in my re­ trying to put together a campaign organiza­ journalism for 3 years in a row. I ask tion with very little money and with scarcely that the full story on this paper's dis­ marks the text of the Senator's speech: REMARKS BY SENATOR HELMS more hope. tinction be placed in the RECORD as fol­ And then was when a call came from At­ lows: Greetings. The past decade was a topsy­ lanta, from a young friend who said, simply: turvy era on American campuses. And I can­ "Do you need me, sir?" DAILY TEXAN WINS AWARDS IN JOURNALISM not escape the notion that things are a bit COMPETITION You bet I needed Harold Herring, and he topsy-turvy here this evening. We have got was there within a couple of days with a (By Gayle Reaves) three things reversed. new bride, and with his sleeves rolled up, For the third consecutive year, The Daily First, I am here to be honored by you. But ready to go to work on what had already Texan has swept the field in the annual you are the people who have earned the been declared by the pundits as a "hopeless Southwestern Journalism Congress awards highest reward to which any American can cause." for college newspapers, winning 11 first place aspire-you have earned the heartfelt grati­ I had met Harold some years ago, when he spots. tude of the American people--because you was a college sophomore. He had come to my The awards were announced Friday night have been willing to stand up and be counted office at the television station asking for help in Dallas. for principles that deserve to survive. in his efforts to promote YAF. It seemed to The Texan accumulated more than twice There is another thing reversed tonight. me at the time-and it still does-that it the number of total points in judging as I am privileged to be your guest tonight be­ was a remarkable thing for one so young to the second place paper from Oklahoma State cause I am a Senator. But I would not be a undertake, in North Carolina, a cause that University. North Texas State University in Senator had it not been for the wisdom, was unquestionably worthy yet so impossibly Denton placed third. energy and dedication of citizens like you. remote in terms of potential success. Editor David Powell and fall managing And there is another paradox about this But, then, the very fabric of America has editor Cliff Avery received the first place evening. As regards the future, any good been spun of impossible dreams that came award for the best single issue, for the Nov. that I may do in the Senate will not be true. 8 Texan reporting the results of national, nearly as significant as the good that you So I am proud that Harold Herring is still state and local elections. and others like you can do for our troubled standing by my side, and I by his, to this First place in the best spot news category Nation. very day. He is my very competent and effi­ was taken by staffers Bill Bray, Mark Peel, Let me elaborate upon these three points. cient Administrative Assistant. I need not and Bruce Powell for their story on the riot You-the high-principled young men and identify Harold to you as a former State in Travis County Jail last fall. women in the Young Americans for Freedom, Chairman of YAF for North Carolina and Texan staffers took first and second places have been front line fighters in the most seri­ Georgia; a former member of YAF's national in the best general news category. Steve Ren­ ous, most bitter, most important struggle board of directors, and a former southern frow took top honors with his coverage from that ever confronted the American educa­ regional representative of YAF. South Dakota of presidential hopeful Sen. tional system. You have been fighters-and Two other splendid Young Americans for George McGovern on election eve and John you have won. Freedom are members of my Senate st aff. Triplett placed second with an advance story In the 1960's, on campus after campus, the They are: on the debate in the Texas House over in­ pattern was the same. One after another, a Charlie Black, now a legislative assistant surance reform during last summer's fourth relatively small band of left-wing extremists on our Senate staff, worked tirelessly in our special session. sought to capture control of one institution campaign last year. Charlie is a former na­ Texas photographers landed several of the after another, for the purpose of turning it tional director of YAF, and a former director awards. John Van Beekum's work took first into a politicized instrument for waging war of chapter services in the national YAF office, place in general photographs and second in against American society. and a former state Y AF chairman in Florida. feature photographs. First place in sports On campus after campus the extremists George Dunlop, a former YAF state vice­ photographs went to The Texan's Mike Fluitt, met little resistance from spineless faculty chairman for North Carolina, who is now our as well as second in general photographs. and administrators. Senate field representative for Eastern North Other Texan first place awards were taken And on campus after campus the militants Carolina. by Mark Sims in Page 1 makeup, Quin found their t.ask made easier by the apathy Other Y AF leaders who served last year i.n Mathews for best editorial page, Cicely of the silent majority of students. Most stu­ key positions in our campaign are: Wynne in movie reviews and Suzanne dents were serious but docile. They wanted David Adcock, a member of the National O'Malley for best ma.gazine article. to get on with their studies, but they did not Board of Directors and a former State Chair- May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14803

man of North Carolina. YAF served a.s O'lll' and spend and spend without decreasing the Today the Soviet Union has a. larger stand­ State Youth Co-ordinator. value of the dollar and increasing the price ing Army, a. larger strategic arsenal and more Bill Saracino, a. member of the National of everything else. Are you surprised about ongoing military programs than we have. Board of Directors and former State Chair­ that? I am not! But under this new Nixon budget we will man of California. Y AF served as a. Special We conservatives understand that govern­ spend more than 50 percent more for domes· Assistant. ment is a blunt instrument. A wise man has tic programs than for the defense of this Tim Baer, the State Chairman of Florida recently written that government can do country. YAF served as Field Representative for the only two things-it can wage war and in­ Think of it! Piedmont area of our state. flate the currency. But when government The facts prove that we need a stronger Jim Minarik, a member of the National bites off much more than that, it is biting off defense. The facts prove that domestic spend­ Board of Directors served as Director of more than it can chew. ing programs have failed. Yet the new Nixon Scheduling. Government today pretends to be a cure­ budget increases domestic spending relative Fil Aldridge, the Southern Regional Repre­ all for every ailment, real or imagined, that to defense spending. sentative of YAF served as an Advance Man. people have. I think it is more accurate to say Do you want even more facts about this Pat Reilly, Western Regional Director of that, all too often, government is the disease so-called "austerity" budget? Consider this. New York YAF served as Special Assistant for which it pretends to be the cure. Seven percent of this budget will be spent to me in last year's campaign. And I think the most important social task just to pay interest on the national debt. We Three other full-time members of our cam­ in the United States today is to drum this will spend as much this year in interest on paign staff were chapter level leaders of YAF. truth into the consciousness of the Ameri­ the national debt as FDR spent in the first So, as you can see, our campaign last year can people and the politicians they must try four years of the New Deal. and our Senate staff this year have been to endure. Why are we paying so much on the debt? delightfully infiltrated by YAF people. And this is where Young Americans for Because the debt is so large. It is, a.s the Prince of Denmark once ob­ Freedom comes in. Why is it so large? Because more than one­ served, a consummation devoutly to be As members of Young Americans for Free­ fifth of the national debt has been piled wished, and vive la. the infiltration. dom, you are not the "property" of any party. up just since 1968! I a.m not one of those persons who was You are free from entagling alliances in Now, I have only burdened you with this thirsting to get into the Senate. This is so, the sense that you can speak out for prin­ recitation of appalling statistics to empha­ because I do not believe government is as ciples, with a persistence and a consistency size two points. important as it thinks it is, and I do not that our parties cannot match. First, we are not even close to winning the think government should be as important as Today your job is to tell the truth to gov­ battle for smaller, more responsible govern­ it has become. ernment, and to tell the truth about govern­ ment. But because our government is so big and ment to the American people. Second, the terrible facts about our serious powerful; We in this city can easily forget how hard condition are not really getting through to Because our government is up to its el­ it is for people elsewhere to understand the the American people. bows in everyone elses business; reality behind Washington appearances. Most There are precious few people in this Because our government is up to its jowls Americans are too busy with their private country who stand for the politics of public in granting favors; lives to pay close attention to the details principle as opposed to the politics of pri­ Because our government is so confoundedly of government. And as we well know, Ameri­ vate gain. There are precious few people who meddlesome; cans certainly cannot rely on the news media can be counted on to stand against the tide Because of all these reasons, there never to give them the truth. of liberal opinion, the tide of liberal distor­ is a shortage of people who want to help Am I exaggerating? I think not. Just con­ tion. And we also need to stand against the a. person get elected to the Senate. sider the matter of the current budget­ tide of propaganda that always comes from There always are a lot of people who think Mr. Nixon's budget submitted for fiscal year whatever group is in power. that it they help you get elected, you will 1974. I know some people will think it rude of help them in their scramble for government Now, to hear the liberals in Congress tell me to mention this. Some people think it is favors. They want the government to do it, you would think the President had dras­ disloyal to inject a. note of reality into the profitable things for them. tically cut federal spending. Administration's presentation of its new But there are never enough people who budget as a. great roll-back of Federal And to hear the liberal media tell it, you spending. want to help someone get into the Senate so would think the :'1-esident was repealing the that the Senate will do less. New Deal and the Great Society all in one Well, I am just sorry. I was not sent to the There never are enough people who believe, fell swoop. Senate to be a cheer leader for half-measures. a.s Lord Balfour believed, and as I believe, For once I wish I could believe what the I was not sent here to serve a particular that the politician's duty is to tell people liberal politicians and their media friends party or a particular administration or a. :what government cannot do. are saying. But, as usual, they are wrong­ particular President. I campaigned as a man But the fact that, today, I a.m a. Member dead wrong. loyal only to certain principles and I was of the Senate, testifies to the fact that in sent here to defend those principles. And 1972, a.t least in North Carolina., there were The facts-the facts that the mass of Americans do not get to hear-are very dif­ that is why I feel so at home here tonight. enough people like Young Americans for ferent. Young Americans for Freedom are young Freedom-people who believe in honest gov­ Here are some facts!! Americans free from the old bankrupt ideol­ ernment for the country, instead of more ogies that have produced the fat, flabby, government for themselves. The new budget does not cut spending swollen and nearly bankrupt government of And I am not the only man in the Senate drastically. It does not cut spending at all. today. today who benefited from the help of dedi­ The new budget calls for an increase of You are free to serve as keepers of the $19 billion over the last budget. That is a cated conservative young people. Jim Buck­ staggering sum. American conscience. You are free to fight ley of New York is another. Pete Domenici of the loneliest fight of all-the fight for the New Mexico is another. Jim McClure of Idaho In fact, this $19 billion one-year increase spiritual values that alone make a nation is another. And there are others. is larger than the total of all federal spend­ worth serving--or worth saving. The fact that there are as many conserva­ ing in the one hundred and twenty-six years The problem, as I say, is to get the facts tives as there are in the Congress is powerful from 1789 through 1906. across to the American people. testimony to the effectiveness of organized Let me emphasize this. I have illustrated this problem with refer­ conservative young people. If you took all the federal spending-every ence to runaway spending, a problem that is And that is a second reason why, in this dollar of it-from the year we ratified the no where near to being solved. But I do not topsy-turvy world. I should be honoring you. Constitution, through the entire nineteenth want you to think that I think spending is But there is a third reason why I should century, and six years into the twentieth the most fundamental problem facing this be honoring you. It is this. I know that you century, and piled all those dollars up, you country. can do more for the country outside of would have a pile of dollars no bigger than Far from it. The passion for spending government than I can do from inside gov­ the pile of dollars by which the 1974 budget money-the frantic belief that money can ernment. exceeds the 1973 budget. solve the deepest longings of our lives-only I am not being modest. Do you want some more facts? reflects a more basic problem. I mean what I say. This new budget calls for a planned deficit Somehow, many Americans have come to As a conservative, I have always been deeply of $13 billion. The deficit probably will be believe that we can spend our way to na­ skeptical of the power of government to solve closer to $20 billion. But, just for fun, let's tional greatness and strength. the problems of individuals and societies. And suppose the deficit is kept to "only" $13 bil· lion. Do you realize that it was not until But the frantic way our government spends nothing I have seen thus far in my tenure money attests more than just misguided po­ in Washington has changed my mind. the second year of the second World War­ until 1942-that the total annual tax re­ litical thinking. The full budget reflects a The government is now proving that it can­ spiritual emptiness that is the gravest threat not control what some bureaucrat thinks is ceipts of the U.S. Government in any year equalled the sum of this year's planned defi­ to the Nation. the "rational" price of a pork chop. Are you cit. No nation can spend its way to greatness surprised about that? I am not! That is right. In no year prior to 1942 did and strength, any more than an individual The government cannot run local schools federal receipts exceed $13 billion. can become better by amassing material pos­ better than local people c.an. Are you sur­ Do you want still more grim facts about sessions. If America is to continue to be prised by that? I am not! this so-called "austerity" budget? great, it will be because some people care The government cannot spend and spend Try this fact. enough to stand for the principles that made

r - 14804 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 her great. These principles-limited govern­ is one of this year's winners of the Pul­ years old, some 11 years over the 25-year ment; freedom; self-reliance; and love of itzer prize. God-must be the special concern of organi­ nominal age planned for such vessels. I zations like Young Americans for Freedom. Mr. Hoyt won the coveted award for hope that the Coast Guard has firm And that is why I say things are topsy­ his responsible investigative reporting of plans for a proper replacement pro­ turvy when you gather to honor me. I know the events surrounding the composition gram. Men who risk their lives daily on full-well that Senators are less important, of last year's national democratic ticket. the high seas deserve the full protection less valuable, less essential than dedicated I am proud to say that I know Mr. Hoyt that only the Coast Guard can provide. citizens armed with the philosophy of free­ personally. Those who share the concern of the dom. There is always a full set of Senators. My contact with him and my knowl­ fishing and lobster fteets are confident But there is not always a full battalion of edge of his fine reporting abilities stem people, like yourselves, ready to defend the that the Coast Guard will continue its politics of principles. from his previous assignment with the 190-year record of proved accomplish­ None of us can forecast our destiny. But Knight newspaper chain. ment, and will always be prepared to we can (-and we must-) decide what we Mr. Hoyt covered the Florida beat for meet the responsibility of protecting U.S. .want to be, and what we want to try to do. the Miami Herald for 2 years and I found vessels in home fishing areas, and on the You have done this. But it is not a one­ his reporting to be as accurate and re­ high seas. time decision. Life is a continuous series (of sponsible during that time as it was dur­ judgments) and decisions. Not a day passes ing the assignment which won him the without each of us being required to look to Pulitzer. IT IS TIME TO STOP THE BOMBING our conscience, (and our ideals,) and our principles. I know my colleagues join me in con­ AND BEGIN BUILDING AGAIN I claim no particular qualification for of­ gratulating Mr. Hoyt and the Knight HERE AT HOME fering advice. I can simply tell you what has Washington Bureau Chief, Mr. Robert worked for me. Boyd, for winning this highest of jour­ This is not to suggest that I am any paragon nalism awards. HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX of success, and certainly not of wisdom or OF PENNSYLVANIA virtue. But I do enjoy a certain sense of serenity in terms of not worrying about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES decisions. COAST GUARD PROTECTION OF Tuesday, May 8, 1973 Long ago, I adopted a set of governmental, FISffiNG VESSELS economic (and personal) principles which I Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, I have intro­ believe were right. Many who have disagreed duced a Joint Resolution 536, which with me have called me all sorts of names­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER would cut off all appropriated moneys for none of which has ever bothered me. Sticks OF MASSACHUSETTS bombing in Cambodia and Laos. and stones, (as the saying goes,) may break I have specifically restricted my my bones-and all the rest of it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resolution to Cambodia and Laos in order I do not intend to sermonize, but let me Tuesday, May 8, 1973 to spotlight what I believe to be the suggest, (my young friends,) (with all of President's lack of constitutional au­ the earnestness and sincerity in me,) that Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. you must begin with an absolute faith in Speaker, one of the most worthwhile thority to carry out such bombing in God!! Don't be reluctant (or ashamed) to functions of the U.S. Coast Guard is the Cambodia. practice your faith, or to articulate it-be­ surveillance of vessels which might in­ In addition, it seems to me that the cause • .. We never stand taller, than we are terfere with U.S. fishing vessels in the bombing in Cambodia and Laos, but more on our knees, asking guidance and forgive­ great expanses of our Atlantic and Pa­ especially in Cambodia, has not achieved ness. cific coastal waters. It is of special im­ its objectives. I mentioned our unpredictable destiny s portance to me since this activity repre­ For instance, in Cambodia insurgent moment ago. None of us has any assurance troops continue to advance against the (whatsoever) that we will even be here to­ sents the life work of many of my con­ morrow morning, or even five minutes from stituents. Cambodian Army irregardless of our air now. According to testimony given in hear­ support. They are now 2 miles from And it doesn't really matter. What really ings held recently by the Committee on downtown Phnom Penh. If they con­ matters is how we spend these next minutes, Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Adm. tinue to advance at all they would walk (or hours,) or years. Or, (more accurately,) Chester R. Bender, commandant of the our bombing into Phnom Penh. it matters how we "invest" our time, rather Coast Guard, stated that the number of The bombing costs at least $4.5 mil­ than merely spend it. boardings of foreign-ftag vessels was 18 lion a day and we have been bombing Nobody knows (better than I) that there's for at least 11 weeks. The cost of such nothing "great" about Jesse Helms. I have for calendar year 1971; 33 for 1972; and never pretended that there is. But each of two for 1973, as of March 23. These fig­ bombing will soon approach $300,000,000 you has the potential of greatness of spirit. ures do not include routine inspections for bombs and gasoline. Damage to our You have most of your years ahead of you­ made with permission of the foreign ves­ planes has not been figured into these most of your opportunitie~ lie ahead. Live sel's master. I believe this to be a signif­ cost figures. (every day) with your conscience, and icant accomplishment, considering that Beyond the question of the bombing with your principles-and never "follow the the Coast Guard is charged with many as an instrument for winning the hearts crowd" simply to be "following the crowd." other varied duties-ranging from search and minds of the Cambodian people is Find out, (first,) where the crowd is "go­ the issue of whether or not the Presi­ ing"-and then decide if that's where you and rescue to oceanography, meteorology want to go. and polar operations. I am gratified to dent has the constitutional authority to So, I come here tonight to express my learn that the high endurance cutters­ carry out such bombing. gratitude for what you are, but--more im­ HEC-involved in the ocean station If the President has the authority to portantly-what you can be ••• and what service will be able to spend even more carry out military action on this occasion can mean to a great nation which desperately time on the fisheries patrol because of in Cambodia by virtue of his office, be needs your character and dedication. the gradual phasing out of the ocean can begin a battle anywhere, anytime, Thank you for having me here tonight. with anyone. And, most of all, from the bottom of my station program. This is in conformity heart, I thank you for being what you are­ with an amendment I sponsored during The usual props for constitutional proven servants of the Nation, and a beacon the appropriation process in the last presidential combat are not present. of hope for the future. Congress, which granted $1,000,000 for American troops, property or lives are God bless you. the purpose of close coastal patrol. not in danger. While I appreciate the continued in­ The Tonkin Gulf resolution has been repealed. JOURNALIST FROM FLORIDA WINS crease in the number of cutter-days for The SEATO agreement according to PULITZER AWARD fisheries patrol, I must express concern Secretary Dulles' testimony before the over the decommissioning of the Coast Senate Foreign Relations Committee at HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. Guard cutters Mendota and Escanaba, the time of ratification hearings was not whose recent responsibilities were main­ designed to deal with internal subversion. OF FLORIDA ly focused on the close coastal patrol, We have had no consultations with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the transfer of two of the newer cut­ remaining and active member countries Tuesday, May 8, 1973 ters from Boston to Seattle. It must be belonging to the SEATO pact and Cam­ Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Clark noted that three of the remaining six bodia, a protocol state, a nonmember Hoyt, a fine journalist from Miami, Fla., cutters stationed in New England are 36 has declared its neutraility as to SEATO. May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14805 we have no agreement with Cambodia, since the association's members are all of excellence being clearness of style, moral certainly not a treaty ratified by the city-owned electricity systems, but they purpose, sound reasoning and power to in­ fluence public opinion 1n what the writer Senate. overcame their envy and gave Colton this conceives to be the right direction, due ac­ There has been no congressional action special award. Only five other similar count being taken of the whole volume of committing us to the defense of Cam­ awards were given out in the entire Na­ the editorial writer's work for the year. bodia. In fact in section 7 (b) of the tion, I might add. Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1971, Mr. Speaker, as we consider various A native of Winchester, Mass., Mr. .as amended the Congress specifically industrial safety legislation which may Linscott is a Harvard graduate. After stated: come up this year I think we might keep discharge from the Navy, following duty (b) Military and economic assistance pro­ in mind Colton's record. More than 54,- in the South Pacific during World War vided by the United States to Cambodia and 000 man-hours were put in just last year II, he joined the staff of the New York authorized or appropriated pursuant to this by the electrical department-that's just Herald Tribune. At the Tribune, he was or any other Act shall not be construed in 1 year, mind you-and not a single the author of the "On the Books" column as a committment by the United States to accident in 5 years. I, for one, am going in the weekly book review. Cambodia for its defense. to be just a little bit more skeptical when He came to the Eagle in 1948 and has The same section forbids the intro­ some of these industry representatives been on the staff ever since that time. duction of American military personnel, tell me that proposed safety laws are un­ This past December he was promoted intelligence personnel, or even police into realistic, or that a certain level of acci­ from editorial page editor to associate Cambodia. Yet the President feels that dents "can't be avoided." I am going to editor. he is within the letter of the law in tell them to go look at the electrical de­ I know that all of my distinguished introducing mass bombing into Cam­ partment of the city of Colton, and then colleagues join me in extending congrat­ bodia even though he is forbidden to come back and tell me what they can ulations to this fine journalist. send American policemen under our AID and cannot do. programs. Before I sit down, Mr. Speaker, I think The issue is one relating to our own I should add that a record like Colton THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF ISRAEL Constitution and not to international has achieved does not come about with­ law for which a precedent can be found out some very dedicated and competent HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON for any national action. work from both the leadership and em­ OF MASSACHUSETTS Litigating such an issue as the Presi­ ployees of the department. I have been dent's authority to conduct military op­ a member of the International Brother­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erations in these circumstances would be hood of Electrical Workers for over 20 Tuesday, May 8, 1973 so time-consuming that the point of years, and I have some famil~arity with Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Presidential authority would be academic the field. Therefore, I would like to take ''Next year in Jerusalem"-those words, by the time the decision was handed this opportunity to commend Superin­ fervently spoken each year at the feast down. tendent Harold Preece and every one of of Passover, were once just a hope, a Therefore, I have introduced Joint the workers in the department for the dream. Resolution 536 in order to stop the superior jobs which they have obviously Now that the dream has become a real­ spending of Federal funds for bombing been doing. And I hope that I will have ity, and the state of Israel is celebrating which will have the effect of stopping it. the opportunity to stand up here 5 years its 25th birthday, the words are still I would point out to Members of the from now to announce that they have spoken. They are said in gratitude by House that the Secretary of State has doubled their record. those Jews who, once homeless and de­ referred to the defeat of such measures spairing, have found a home in Israel. in the past as authority for Presidential They are said in joy by those Jews who, action. I hope therefore, that Members PULITZER PRIZE WINNER ROGER BOURNE LINSCOTT content to live outside Israel, see Jeru­ consider carefully this resolution and salem as their spiritual home, the place that it is enacted to end destruction in Cambodia and Laos. HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE where the soul can rest. And they are It is time to stop the bombing and said in expectation by those Jews who, begin building again here at home. We OF MASSACHUSETTS eager to leave countries where they can­ need and need badly funds spent on de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not practice their faith, must surmount struction for programs for Americans Tuesday, May 8, 1973 obstacles before they can come to the and America. Promised Land. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's Israel is 25 years old. That fact in it­ I would also like to point out to Mem­ announcement of the 1973 Pulitzer Prize self is remarkable-a testimony to the bers that my Subcommittee on Asian brings to national and international at­ courage and endurance of the nation. and Pacific Affairs will hold hearings on tention what we in the Berkshires of For sheer physical survival in a land the Cambodian situation tomorrow, Massachusetts have long recognized, the surrounded by countries which resent the May 9, beginning at 10 :30 a.m. and on talent of Roger Bourne Linscott, asso­ very existence of Israel has been a de­ May 10, beginning at 9:30a.m. in room ciate editor of the Berkshire Eagle and 2255 of the Rayburn Building. manding, constant problem and has con­ former editorial page editor of that same sumed a good deal of the nation's ener­ fine newspaper. gies. Mr. Linscott, who has captured the Yet despite what seemed to be almost COLTON ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing, is well insurmountable political, economic, and HONORED FOR 5-YEAR ACCIDENT­ known in my hometown of Pittsfield, geographical problems; despite three FREE WORK RECORD Mass., for the thoughtful and thought­ wars, Israel has not only survived but provoking articles that daily flow from prospered. his pen. Out of a barren land, the Israelis have HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Speaking as one who has been the created a flourishing, healthy state which OF CALIFORNIA subject of Mr. Linscott's essays on more can proudly take its place among the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than one occasion, I can testify that his nations of the world. observations are always forthrightly put, Tuesday, May 8, 1973 The Israelis have made the Negev Des­ incisive and based on all of the knowl­ ert bloom. They have also built a via­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ edge of a situation that he can gather. ble economy and a rapidly growing in­ er, my home town, the city of Colton, re­ Although Roger Linscott does not work dustrial capacity. In the last 5 years, cently was honored by the American in invective, his gentlemanly articles are Israel's industrial output uas more than Public Power Association for the aston­ often far from gentle-not skirting an doubled and its currency reserves have ishing safety record maintained by Col­ issue but hitting it headon. hit an all-time high of $1.2 billion, News­ ton's electrical department. The depart­ The Pulitzer Committee characterized week magazine reported. ment has now gone for 5 straight years his work in this way in announcing the There have been some problems, of without a single accident, which I am criteria on which it based Mr. Linscott's course-problems faced by any society sure you will agree is an enviable record. award: coming of age: poverty, in:ftatioD, ten- The APPA may envy Colton's record, For distinguished editorial writing, the test sions created by attempting to integrate 14806 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 people of diverse social and cultural role in advancing legislation through decision-making process and to maintain. a backgrounds. Yet the Israelis recognize our committee. watchful eye over those who administer the these problems and are making serious As one who originally cosponsored his laws, Congress and the public require access to membership on the House Public Works to information which they believe necessary attempts solve them. and pertinent. This is even more true today But the greatest, and most tragic, Committee, it gives me great pleasure to than it was 100 or 200 years ago because the problem is that there is still no lasting note the outstanding performance of the management of our society has come to be peace. As Prime Minister Golda Meir distinguished Representative of Penn­ centered to an increasing degree in the Fed­ once observed: sylvania's Ninth Congressional District. eral Executive Branch. What is worse, per­ Israel has known only armistice lines until haps, is that until recently, at least, there 1967, and since then, only cease :fire lines. has developed an acceptance in the public We have never known frontiers of peace. and in many Members of Congress that FREEING THE CHANNELS OF secrecy in government-not to mention cen­ It is sad to see, as Israel celebrates its INFORMATION tral direction of government--are good and 25th birthday, the tanks and heavy ar­ essential activities tillery going through the ancient streets I hope that this state of mind will now of Jerusalem, sad to note that Israel HON. FRANK HORTON change in light of current events and that Congress and the public will now exert their must spend roughly half its budget on OF NEW YORK rights fully-as conferred upon them under defense. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Constitution-to obtain all the informa­ The Israelis have had enough of war. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 tion they require They want peace. To this end this subcommittee has held a Israel will "not rest until the cher­ Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, the events series of hearings recently on legislation co­ ished peace has been established between of recent months point up the urgent authored by Congressman Erlenborn and us and our neighbors," Deputy Premier need for Congress to assume responsibil­ myself which sets necessary and narrow limits on the use of executive privilege. Soon this Yigal Allon said at birthday celebrations ity in freeing the channels of communi­ subcommittee plans to issue a report recom­ at Safad, scene of some of the most bit­ cation in Government. The Government's mending changes in the security classification ter fighting in the 1948 War of Inde­ obligation to keep the public informed system. And, here today, we are exploring pendence. fully and currently has been undergoing the means in these hearings to strengthen the The Israelis richly deserve a chance to serious erosion. Our society is now facing hand of the people to find out what their live in a society free from hostility, free a crisis in Government, a crisis caused to government is doing. from fear. a large extent by the executive branch's Some seven years ago our Government Operations Committee initiated the Freedom We sincerely hope the next 25 years increasing reluctance to trust the judg­ of Information Act. This law provides that y;ill bring that peace. ment of the people or their representa­ all information in the possession of Federal tives in Congress. The misuse of the doc­ agencies shall be made available to the public trine of executive privilege, the failure to except information falling within nine spe­ effiectively administer the Freedom of In­ cific categories (e.g., classified data. internal RECOGNITION OF CONGRESSMAN formation Act, the harassment of news­ communications, investigatory files, trade SHUSTER men, the overclassification of informa­ secrets). This constituted an iinportant ad­ breakthrough-one not yet attempted by any tion, and the continued closing of uther country if I am not mistaken. In hear­ HON. DON H. CLAUSEN visory committees in contravention of the ings held last Congress which explored the OF CALIFORNIA law are all part of one pattern designed administration of this Act, we were informed to shield the executive branch from the that the Act has served the public well on IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES purview of the public. The future health many occasions. Without question, vastly Tuesday, May 8, 1973 of our society requires this state of af­ greater amounts of information are now fairs to be terminated. The time has come being made available to the public than oc­ Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, curred prior to the law's passage. But, the I rise today in recognition of my good for Congress to assume its constitutional hearings also brought to light many prob­ friend and colleague from Pennsylvania, responsibility. lems and failures in the administration of Mr. SHUSTER. To this end, I have authored several the Act. Among these failings were: In my judgment, the gentleman from legislative proposals to open up the chan­ Serious bureaucratic delays in responding Pennsylvania 1s one of the truly bright, nels of information. A most important to requests for information. capable young freshmen whose presence one involves a major strengthening of the Need of individuals to pursue cumber­ Freedom of Information Act. Hearings some and costly legal remedies. ir. the Congress represents a valuable Inadequate record-keeping by agencies. asset not only to the people of his con­ are now being held on this proposal, H.R. Undue specificity required in identifying gressional district but to the Nation as 4960, as well as legislation introduced by records. a whole. Congressman MooRHEAD of Pennsylvania, Narrow interpretation of the Act, thereby It is truly unfortunate that Mr. and on Monday I presented the following excluding greater amounts of information SHUSTER's many constituents did not statement in support of this important from disclosure. have the opportunity to witness his re­ issue: Imprecise wording of statutory language, leading to inconsistency in interpretation cent participation in the debate on the STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN FRANK HORTON and a restrictive interpretation >~ the Act's House version of S. 502-the Federal Aid ON H.R. 4960, AMENDING THE FREEDoM OF INFORMATION ACT, BEFORE THE FOREIGN provisions. Highway Act of 1973. His eloquent, effec­ Promulgation of legally questionable re- tive, and persuasive performance on the OPERATIONS AND GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SUBCOMMITTEE, MAY 7,1973 gulations. _ :floor was, in my judgment, a key factor Overclassification of millions upon mil­ in maintaining the integrity of the High­ Mr Chairman, I welcome your scheduling lions of government documents. o! hearings on H.R. 4960 and H.R 5425 to Following closely on the heels of these way Trust Fund through passage of the amend the Freedom of Information Act. Both Wright-Clausen amendment of the Pub­ findings was the Supreme Court decision in H.R. 4960, which I co-sponsored with you and EPA v. Mink. This decision, in my opinion, lic Works Committee-approved bill. several other members, and H.R. 5425, which sadly misinterpreted the Freedom of In­ This, however, is only part of the story you have authored, are designed to strength­ formation Act and the intent of Congress in of Bun SHUsTER's talented and capable en the public's right to be informed of their enacting it. Two exemptions incorporated government's activities. Nothing can be more into the Act provide that a Federal agency service in the Congress. I have had an essential to the safeguarding of our demo­ opportunity to view his performance in has the discretion to withhold information cratic society-now in the midst of a severe if it is classified for national security pur­ a variety of complex, challenging situa­ shock. poses under statute or executive order or if tions, and I am sure that I speak for the George Washington stated that secrecy was it constitutes an internal agency communi­ entire membership of the House Public a form of deceit. How true those words ring cation which would not have to be disclosed Vlorks Committee when I say that Con­ today when executive privilege, security in a court of law. OVerturning a lower Fed­ gressman SHUSTER is a well-respected, classification, executive secrecy, and harass­ eral court order upholding a request by 33 hard-working, and dedicated Member ment of newsmen have been orchestrated to Members of Congess for information in the whose keen insights and sound judg­ a degree unknown before in our society in an Government's possession concerning the effort to conceal wrongdoing from Congress Amchitka nuclear test explosion. the Su­ ments are highly valued. We who hold and the public. preme Court held (1) that the lower court's senior ranking positions on the Public Our form of government-in fact the finding that the exemption could not be used Works Committee will be calling on Con­ foundations of our society-rest upon an in­ as a shield fo1· withholding was erroneous gressman SHUSTER more and more in the formed citizenry and their representatives in and that the government agencies involved future to accept a broader leadership Congress. To participate effectively in the could withhold such information on the basis May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14807 of the above two claimed exemptions and (2) pertise in many instances to enforce the act of unpaid bills blowing in the breeze. U.S. that the lower court could not challenge an effectively. In addition to the courts, the bill embassies abroad have been pressed into agency's classification of documents and also authorizes Congress, committees of Con­ was not required to challenge an allega­ gress, the Comptroller General of the Unit­ service as collection agencies to try tion that documents were properly withheld ed States, and Federal agencies to petition to recover at least some of the money on the basis of the internal communication the commission for a review of an agency's from the foreign governments. exemption. denial of information. An individual citi­ More than a dozen individual diplo­ This decision of the court cannot be al­ zen may also obtain a review by the com­ mats are reported to be in danger of lowed to stand, nor can we continue to per­ mission if three members of the commis­ having their residential telephone serv­ mit the Freedom of Information Act to be sion agree to a review. Authority to enforce ice disconnected for nonpayment. Some administered in its present form. the Freedom of Information Act would re­ To meet these objections, I have intro­ main with the courts and the findings of missions are said to have run up thou­ duced H.R. 4960. the commission would only be advisory. sands of dollars in telephone bills, and Title I of this bill overturns the Mink de­ However, a commission finding that an refused to pay them for several months. cision and directs a Federal court to look agency has improperly withheld informa­ The U.S. taxpayer ends up footing the behind an agency's claim of security classifi­ tion from the public shall constitute prima bill for the U.N. crowd's bad debts. The cation or internal communication and decide facie evidence before the court that infor­ business people who sold them goods on for itself whether a requested document mation has been improperly withheld. This credit can declare the loss as an "UN­ meets the narrow requirements of the law shall have the effect of placing the burden collectable debt" on their income taxes. regarding exemption from public disclosure. of proof upon the agency in the court pro­ Moreover, the title seeks to put a stop to the ceedings to show that its action in refusing In addition to their financial habit of practice of some agencies which have com­ to make information available is consistent ripping off local business people, the neo­ mingled exempt material with non-exempt with the law. international citizens are accused of information in order to screen the entire lot Finally, H.R. 4960 provides in Title III for using their diplomatic immunity to from public view. The courts are authorized certain additional amendments to the Free­ :tlount United States and local laws. to make those portions of a document public dom of Information Act which, as a result Police report that dming the past 26 which are not covered by an exemption un­ of subcommittee hearings last Congress, months a total of 7,982 parking tickets less to do so would seriously distort the mean­ were found to be necessary if the public is have been issued to the 1,300 diplomatic­ ing or seriously jeopardize the integrity of to have access to all the information it is en­ the exempt portions. titled to. These amendments first, lay down licensed cars in New York. Most diplo­ Title I also amends three existing exemp­ reasonable time limits for an agency to re­ matic cars are not ticketed out of tions under the Freedom of Information Act spond to a request for information, second, courtesy. So the ones that do receive to further narrow their application and to authorize a court to award reasonable at­ citations are in flagrant violation of the further clarify their meaning. torney's fees and court costs to private par­ law and present a hazard to local citi­ One such amendment would restrict trade ties who have been found to have been im­ zens-such as parking in front of fire secrets and other commercial or financial properly denied information by a Federal hydrants. information to those instances in which some agency, third, direct a court to enjoin an other law specifically confers an express grant agency's improper withholding of informa­ The U.N. internationalists consider of confidentiality and in which the agency tion, and fourth, require agencies to file an­ themselves a breed apart from the laws in receipt of the information specifically con­ nual reports with the appropriate committees governing the rest of society. They are fers an express written pledge of confidential­ of Congress detailing their administration working for peace, not justice, law, ity. This amendment is designed to overcome of the Freedom of Information Act. and order. the practice under the existing exemption to Mr. Chairman, a~most seven years ago Con­ Rather than ticketing the world citi­ ( 1) confer confidentiality on the basis of the gress took a giant step toward throwing the zens' automobiles, New York police may Freedom of Information Act itself, (2) to ex­ doors of informational freedom open to the serve the safety of the city better by ercise the exemption in cases of other types public. Disclosure of information was to be of confidential or privileged information, and the rule, not the exception; the burden of towing them away. And while they are (3) to extend confidentiality solely on the disclosure was to take precedence over the at it-tow the entire U.N. away-to Mos­ basis of a claim for protection made by the burden of concealment. Regretfully, these cow, Havana, Peking, or Hanoi. However, supplier of information rather than under requirements have all too often been ignored the diplomatic deadbeats may find it an express grant of confidentiality. At this or interpreted too narrowly. The state of our more difficult to live on credit there. point, Mr. Chairman, I urge your subcommit­ society today and the need to maintain effec­ The related newsclippings follow: tee to seek the views of other witnesses on restraints upon a giant Federal bureaucracy [From the Evening Star and Daily News, the ramifications of my proposed amendment require that more stringent steps be taken. May 5, 1973] on the protection of trade secrets. I believe enactment of H.R. 4960, amending A second amendment narrows the internal the Freedom of Information Act, together U.N. DIPLOMATIC DEBTS communication exemption which has been with that on executive privilege, will go far UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.-U.N. missions of widely used to date to withhold information to correct existing imbalances. several foreign governments and more than from the public. The amendment would limit Mr. Chairman, a number of excellent pro­ a dozen diplomats are in danger of having the exemption to internal memos or letters posals are pending before this subcommittee. their telephone service cut off because of un­ which contain recommendations, opinions, I am confident that with the leadership of paid bills, U.S. officials warned today. and advice supportive of policymaking proc­ Chairman Moorhead, my colleagues Mr. Moss And New Yorkers "are up in arms over un­ esses. This is the primary area, I believe, and Mr. Erlenborn, and indeed an the mem­ disciplined and dangerous parking prac­ which such an exemption is designed to bers of this subcommittee, a tremendously tices" such as leaving diplomatic cars at fire­ protect. important piece of legislation will emerge plugs, a U.S. report to the U.N. Committee The third amendment seeks to alter the from these hearings. on Host Country Relations said. It disclosed exemption on investigatory records compiled that, starting June 1, it will be harder for for law enforcement purposes. This exemp­ U.N. diplomats to get their pa.rking tickets tion has also been widely used to conceal U.N. DIPLOMATIC DEADBEATS fixed. information by extending its coverage to SHOUT: "CHARGE" This was the second time in less than a include inactive or closed investigative mate­ year that the United States has complained rial, as well as that which, if revealed, formally to the committee about the con­ would not hinder effective law enforcement. HON. JOHN R. RARICK duct of certain U.N. diplomats and missions. The amendment narrows coverage under the OF LOUISIANA Out of diplomatic courtesy, however, the of­ exemption to investigatory records to the ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fenders were not named. tent that their production would constitute A U.S. complaint to the committee last a genuine risk to enforcement proceedings, Tuesday, May 8, 1973 June stressed unreasonably large imports of or a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal tax-exempt liquor and cigarettes by U.N. privacy, or a threat to life. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, diplomatic missions and diplomats. The implication was Improving the contents of a law without deadbeats from the United Nations have that the goods were being resold. enhancing enforcement procedures will be been using their diplomatic pouches to William E. Schaufele Jr., a U.S. official of little or no benefit, however. To accom­ carry around an abundance of unpaid at the United Nations, said most large im­ plish the latter, therefore, Title II of H.R. bills and fixed parking tickets, and ac­ ports have dropped off, although, "in cer­ 4960 creates a seven-member commission­ cording to reports local New Yorkers are tain instances, very large orders seem to four members to be appointed by Congress "up in arms." continue." and three by the President for a term of 5 The latest complaint stresses unpaid bills. years-to assist the Federal courts in deter­ An international incident may be brewing on Manhattan Island. Business­ "Diplomats have left New York leaving mining whether requested information is be­ strings of unpaid bills, unpaid loans, unpaid ing properly withheld by an agency under the men, doctors, shopkeepers, and telephone credit card accounts and unpaid medical Freedom of Information Act. As has been company officials who have extended bills," Schaufele said. "I am not exaggerat­ recognized by courts and other authorities, credit to the U.N. crowd want to get ing when I say, frankly, that the situation such assistance is essential because the their money, but in many cases the dead­ is most serious. courts at present lack sufficient time or ex- beats have skipped town leaving a string "Telephone service is essential to our 14808 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 work, yet there are several missions in New times this child would have been left to die workshop. This workshop also employs about York today on the verge of having their of starvation and exposure, along with any 60 people at present. telephone service cut off,'' he continued. others who were considered weak or defec­ Orange Grove Center is another valuable "One mission owed $5,000 in March and tive. The mentally retarded were once locked service agency ren dering assist a n ce espec­ still owes $3,000; another did not pay its in dungeons or exhibited as public spec­ ially to the mentally handicapped. Orange phone and Telex bill for seven months. tacles. The old were abandoned as soon as Grove has approximately 475 st udent s in its There are more than a dozen individual they were of no use to their people. structured school program, 275 workers in diplomats today who are in danger of having Yet today we believe that every human be­ on-the-job training and the sheltered their residential phones cut off." ing born into the world has the right to live workshop, and 80 people who received train­ In some cases, the problem is the long a full and meaningful life, regardless of his ing at Oran ge Grove now working in the time it takes for foreign governments to handicaps. We dream of a world where the community. transfer money to their people in New York. blind, the deaf, the lame, and all other The really great challenge of vocational U .S. embassies in some foreign capitals have handicapped people can find a useful place training is to coordinate the many organi­ had to press for payment of the unpaid bills, in our society and enrich our lives by their zations across the country which work with U.S. sources said. own happiness. This dream is yet unfulfilled. the handicapped and link them with fed­ On an average night in Manhattan, 20 It is tomorrow's challenge. eral agencies working on matters concerning cars with "DPL" diplomatic plates are found The first phase of this challenge is to find the handicapped, so the voices of the dis­ parked overnight in front of fire hydrants, jobs for the handicapped. The ancients abled will be heard. This is the ultimate goal Schaufele said, adding: "Human life is at realized correctly that a society cannot long of the Physically Handicapped Subcommit­ stake. Parking in front of fire hydrants is exist supporting the helpless. Yet employ­ tee of the President's Committee on Employ­ just not an acceptable practice in New ment of the handicapped does much more ment of the Handicapped. York." for the individual than for the group: it is The final consideration of our challenge He reported that police issued 7,982 park­ the only way to give the handicapped person is social. First, the handicapped person must ing tickets to diplomatic cars in New York the sense of independence and security accept his own disability and have the will during the past 26 months, but this covered which everyone needs. to succeed; second, the public must be aware only the most flagrant violations. "Most DPL Employers are more willing to hire the of and accept the handicapped. Chattanooga cars are never ticketed,'' he explained. handicapped today than ever before because is a prime example of public awareness and He also reported that 63 of the 1,300 diplo­ of the drastic reduction in absenteeism, in interest. Almost every industry in Chatta­ matic-licensed cars in New York are driving turnover, and in accidents noted when the nooga hires some handicapped people. Brock around with expired 1972 plates. handicapped are given a chance. Many em­ Candy Company has won a state award and ployers also observe that disabled people tend the national American Legion Award for em­ to be more proud of their jobs; therefore, ployment of the handicapped. Chattanooga LINDA FUGATE, CHATTANOOGA, they try harder to do their best work than is blessed with Hamilton County and Chat­ WINS FIRST PLACE IN TENNES­ do other employees. However, there are still tanooga classes for educable mentally re­ SEE'S "ABILITY COUNTS" SURVEY many barriers to be overcome in finding jobs tarded, the Siskin's 365 Club, Moccasin Bend CONTEST for the handicapped. The main barriers are Psychiatric Hospital, whose work in chemi­ the lack of understanding, the time and ef­ cal therapy has been phenomenal, and many fort required for selective placement, the ex­ others. But we have more than organizations tra time and expense of job orientation, and here-we have people who care. People HON. LAMAR BAKER from about six counties in our area have just OF TENNESSEE the unusual risks of some handicaps. This last barrier is being overcome to some ex­ given approximately $80,000 to the March of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tent by better placement and by the good Dimes Telerama. Recently Shoney's Res­ Tuesday, May 8, 1973 safety records of the handicapped, but it is taurant gave one day's profits to the men­ still a problem in some cases. tally retarded, and the Psi Kappa Chapter Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, a high These barriers are greatest to those with of the Alpha Phi Omega is planning a "Bike school senior from Chattanooga, Miss the severest handicaps. Consequently, only Hike" for the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Linda Fugate, has won first place in one-third of the blind are employed; one­ Mental Health Association next May. Yet the half of the paraplegics; one-fourth o! the way is only being paved. Do we really under­ the 25th annual "Ability Counts" sur­ stand the epileptic? Do -ve accept the alco­ vey contest cosponsored by the Gover­ epileptics; :\lld one-seventh o! those with cerebral palsy. Disabled veterans and the holic? Do we respect the mentally retarded nor's Committee on Employment of the handicapped from extreme poverty situa­ janitor? This is tomorrow's challen ge. Handicapped, the State department of tions also present a special challenge, for education, the Disabled American Vet­ they may need encouragement and motiva­ erans, and the Tennessee State Labor tion to overcome their frustrations. POSTAL SERVICE ISSUES STAMP Council, AFL-CIO. Yet if the handicapped are sometimes frus­ HONORING COPERNICUS Linda, who attends Redbank High trated, we must not be. Remember that Bee­ School in Chattanooga, won a $1,000 cash thoven. Thomas Edison, and Alexander Gra­ HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI scholarship for her report on the sub­ ham Bell were deaf; Magellan and Handel ject: "Employment of the Handicapped: were lame; John Milton was blind; and OF NEW YORK Franklin D. Roosevelt was paralyzed. Truly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tomorrow's Challenge." In addition to it is ability that counts, not disability. Let placing first in the State competition, her us continue the work that has already been Tuesday, May 8, 1973 report was judged second best in the started in bringing out the ability of the Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the open­ Nation and she received a $600 prize handicapped. It may take some extra effort ing feature of Nicolaus Copernicus Week during the annual meeting of the Presi­ to learn sign language for the deaf, or to count taxi fare for a mentally retarded per­ was the issuance of a special commemo­ dent's Committee on Employment of the rative stamp honoring the great son of Handicapped last week in Washington. son on the job, or to move a blind person's work station closer to the door, but or efforts Poland, Nicolaus Copernicus, whose All Tennessee has reason to be proud will be amply rewarded. theory about the universe changed the of Linda Fugate. She not only under­ The second phase of our challenge is to course of science. stands the problems of the handicapped train the handicapped for and to place them Nicolaus Copernicus, whose baptismal and their role in today's society, she in the jobs found for them. Chattanooga is fortunate to have four major organizations name was Mikolaj Kopernik, was born works constantly to improve their every­ 500 years ago in Torun, Poland, and the day enjoyment of life. She works with for training and/ or employing the handicap­ ped: Vocational Rehabilitation Center, Abil­ scientific communities throughout the deaf people who attend the White Oak world lead the way this year in honoring Baptist Church in Chattanooga. She uses ities Incorporated, Goodwill Industries, and Orange Grove Center. The Vocat ional Re­ his pioneering contributions to modem sign language to interpret songs and ser­ h abiliation Center identifies the handi­ science. mons. She also translates daily news capped, refers them to proper agencies, and In recognition of the quincentennial, broadcasts into sign language for the provides funds from state and federal sources the U.S. Postal Service issued a special benefit of the deaf. to pay for training and other services. This 8-cent commemorative stamp at a for­ It is my privilege to bring her prize­ center helped 12,000 people in 1972. Abilities mal ceremony in the auditorium of the winning report to the attention of my Incorporated, organized and managed by Mr. Mize Lawrence, a Korean War amputee, pro­ National Museum of History and Tech­ colleagues. I submit Linda Fugate's re­ nology, at the Smithsonian Institution. port, "Employment of the Handicapped: vides very practical on-the-job training and employment for about 60 people at present in The stamp was designed by Alvin in RECORD, Tomorrow's Challenge,'' the a sheltered workshop. Goodwill Industries Eisenman, modeled by Howard C. Mild­ as follows: provides a variety of useful services which ner, and engraved by Albert Saavedra E MPLOYMENT OF THE HANDICAPPED: include pre-vocational evaluation, work con­ and Arthur W. Dintaman. TOMORROWS CHALLENGE ditioning and training, placement in other At the stamp ceremony, David Chal­ (By Linda Fugate) work opportunities, and either temporary or linor, Smithsonian Assistant Secretary A child is born with a clubfoot. In ancient permanent employment in its own sheltered for Science, presided. The excellent in- May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14809 vocation was given by the Very Reverend servant: this man, obsessed with the pur­ likeness; You have made our American na­ Walter J. Ziemba, president-rector of suit of scientific truth, yet found time to tion a member of the world's family of na­ settle Polish peasants on abandoned farms, tions; You have blessed its people with Saint Mary's College and Seminary, and work among the poor as a physician. physical resources, technical know-how, and Orchard Lake, Mich. BUT NOT A STAMP COLLECTOR potential wisdom to sustain prosperity. The official welcome was extended by We want to obey Your every wish, the the Secretary of the Smithsonian, S. I trust you will not feel let down if I tell Law by which we move along the way of you what Copernicus was not. He was not a Your providence. We gather as your family Dillon Ripley, and the honored guests stamp collector. were introduced by Daniel J. Boorstin, It is true that stamps had not yet been Your children, to give You thanks and in­ Director of the National Museum. invented-the word comes, as you know, voke Your blessings. How often in the past from the impression or "stamp" of a seal we realized that we are but reeds swaying GREETINGS FROM POLAND in the wind, as we searched for stability Greetings from Poland were extended into soft wax-but still, such a man . . . well. that only Your grace can give us. by Janusz Groszkowski, honorary chair­ Copernicus' theory that the Earth revolved Heavenly Friend and Companion, through man of the Copernican Quincentennial around the sun was roundly condemned, of life man has learned so much: that life is Symposium. always both a tear and a smile, a joy and course, by the establishment of his day, and a pain, a blessing and a cross, a cmning and The principal address was by Murray well beyond. But too late, for this man was a going, a living and a dying, a losing and a Comarow, Senior Assistant Postmaster as practical as he was wise. He delayed pub­ finding. General, substituting for Postmaster lishing his great book for some years, and Through the genius-talents for your son, General E. T. Klassen. Mr. Comarow pre­ when he did, in 1540, he dedicated it to Pope Nicolaus Copernicus, posterity has been en­ sented special souvenir albums to the Paul III. dowed with new and fresh insights into Your Even so, Martin Luther called Copernicus creation, has been given a new world-picture honored guests and received in turn "a fool who wishes to reverse the entire sci­ special albums from Poland presented by new power for progress. Through his search­ ence of astronomy." And the Vatican did not ing and creative mind, You taught us new Mr. Groszkowski. remove his works from its index of prohibited respect for Your laws-in the universe, in The response was by Peregrine White, books until1822. nature, among men, among nations of men. of the National Academy of Sciences, Now, of course, he is claimed by all. Ger­ For Copernicus, Life was a rock and God's which cooperated fully with the Smith­ mans say that he is really a German. Italians law a chisel with which he carved that rock sonian Institution in arranging the well­ point out that he studied in Italy. Greeks say that their astronomer Aristarchus had the in Your image and likeness, who stood in attended and inspiring weeklong scien­ Your sunlight and drew light from Your idea 2,000 years before Copernicus. Other Law, who knew that man can mufile the tific symposium. nations have yet to be heard. It is fitting at this point to express my It puts me in the mind of Louis Agassiz's drum or loosen the strings of the lyre, but sincere commendation and appreciation that none can command the skylark not to remarks that "Every great scientific truth sing. to both the Smithsonian and the Na­ goes through three stages. First, people say Inspire us, Bountiful and Provident Cre­ tional Academy for their all-out effort it conflicts with the Bible. Next, they say it ator, as you did your servant Nicolaus, with and cooperation in giving national-and has been discovered before. Lastly, they say the courage to face truth, to harmonize as­ international-recognition to the Coper­ they have always believed it." tronomy with theology and philosophy with nicus quincentennial. No stone of poten­ COPERNICUS STANDS TALL science; inspire us with the strength to give tial was left unturned. No matter. These competing claims can­ evidence, as did your servant Nicolaus, of Mr. Speaker, Nicolaus Copernicus not diminish this great man of the Ren­ our sense of responsibility for the common Week-designated by President Nixon for naisance. He belongs to all of us, in his tow­ good of all, to make crystal clear our will ering genius, and his simple humanity. for peace and harmony with all, to preserve the week of April 23 as a result of my leg­ Not that we necessarily deserve him. The and revere the rich and hallowed cultural islation-now is history, but the memory first edition of his immortal book sold seven and religious traditions of our forefathers­ lingers on. The interest and response to copies. Today, distinguished scientists, dip­ as did your servant Nicolaus of his Polish the Copernican quincentennial have been lomats, and artists join with the rest of us forefathers-so worthy of our imitation, to most gratifying. to salute him. remember, as did your servant Nicolaus, that Without question, the honors paid this The world will honor Copernicus in many to work is to fulfill a part of God's dream for year to Poland's famous son have done ways this year. This beautiful stamp, de­ this earth and the total universe, to love much to enhance the relationship and signed by the brilliant Alvin Eisenman of those who nourished our needs and helped the Yale School of Art, is our way, our trib­ shape our life's foundation stones, and to understanding between our two countries ute, at this ceremony. fear nothing save that knowing what is the and, particularly, to convey to our citi­ This is an unusual occasion. The Citizens truth and what is right, we fail to do it. zens the depth and wealth of Polish Stamp Advisory Committee, which agreed on Give unto all of us the grace to serve You heritage. Copernicus, rarely goes beyond our national courageously, together, working in redemp­ Mr. Speaker, as part of my remarks, I borders for stamp subjects. tive charity toward the religious advent of include the texts of Mr. Comarow's Nor do men of science often find them­ Your eternal kingdom, wherein as Isaias said, speech, Father Ziemba's invocation, two selves on our stamps, I'm afraid, although we "The eyes of the blind shall be opened, and scientific dedications, and two newspaper did do one on Albert Einstein a few years ago. the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped; then Today we remind ourselves that there are shall the lame man leap as the hart, and the articles: minds which transcend national boundaries. tongue of the dumb shall be free, and there­ SPEECH BY MURRAY COMAROW, SENIOR AsSIST­ Some call this the Age of Aquarius. It might deemed shall come with praise, and everlast­ ANT POSTMASTER GENERAL, AT COPERNICUS better be called the Age of Copernicus. ing joy shall be upon their heads." We ask STAMP CEREMONY, APRIL 23, 1973 these blessings; we ask Your blessing. Amen. One of the more pleasant rituals of our INVOCATION BY FATHER WALTER J. ZIEMBA, society, it seems to me, is to honor a great PRESIDENT-RECTOR OF SAINT MARY'S COL­ THE QUINCENTENNIAL-A FESTIVAL OF man or woman with a humble, useful post­ LEGE AND SEMINARY, ORCHARD LAKE, MICH. RENEWA.L age stamp. God of the House of Jacob, Yahweh, (By Dr. Wilton S. Dillon, Smithsonian Copernicus, whose awesome presence we Director of Seminars) evoke today, is undoubtedly smiling his ap­ Adona!, Father who art in Heaven, Lord, proval from the heavens he set straight. Hope and Strength of all who trust in You, What is night, and how is it produced? This great Pole is generally perceived as bow our heads and bend down to listen to This seemingly elementary question brought the man who moved the Earth from its our prayer. forth some revolutionary answers by a man starring role at center stage to its more You Who in the beginning created the who, born .500 years ago, is being honored all appropriate position as a minor spear-car­ inverted bowl of the heavens and this spin­ over the small planet which produced him. rier in the wings. He was more than that. ning ball of earth, who said "Let there be The quincentennial of the birth of the He was a theologian, an economist, a diplo­ light," shed Your Light upon us as we father of modern astronomy, Nicolaus Coper­ mat, a physician, and a humanitarian. He gather on this great day of special joy to nicus, now is reflected in a commemorative took degrees: mark the five-hundredth anniversary of the stamp issued today by the U.S. Postal Serv­ 1. In mathematics and astronomy from birth of one of your gifted genius-children­ ice. It gives further recognition of our in­ Cracow Mikolaj Kopernik: Nicolaus Copernicus. tellectual debts to the man who dared to say Divine Master, You make blessings to fall that the earth revolves around the sun, and 2. In canon law from Bologna from the heavens, You give clouds to prepare thus paved the way for modern space ex­ 3. In law from Ferrara the rain for the earth, You make the grass ploration. An American unmanned space ob­ 4. In medicine from Padua to grow on the mountains, and see to it that servatory called Copernicus already orbits As an economist he advised the King of herbs are for the service of all. the earth with its ultraviolet telescope. Poland on monetary and tariff reforms. As You bless and sanctify, open Your hand, UNESCO and the International Council for a diplomat, he was involved in Poland's rela­ and all are filled with good; and if You turn Scientific Unions have declared 1973 Coper­ tions with the Teutonic Knights. away Your Face, all shall be troubled. You nicus Year. Recent issues of the Congres­ As a theologian, he saw himself as God's have made all men to Thy own image and sional Record and proclamations of govern- 14810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 ors of a number of American states give new Though anticipated himself by a Greek as­ reason for the anniversary celebration-and energy to public education about the mean­ tronomer, Aristarchus, 2000 years earlier, indeed its challenge-is a rededication to ing of the Copernican revolution for modern Copernicus was the first man to work out preserve the fragile freedom of inquiry and mankind, and a recognition of the cultural the numerical details so that the positions the resources that make inquiry possible." patrimony of Americans of Polish ancestry. of the planets could be predicted in a sun­ Prof. Gingerich serves as editor of a volume, The Polish-American Congress has helped to centered system. Before Copernicus, the pre­ "The Nature of Scientific Discovery," to be stimulate continent-wide tributes in many vailing common sense idea was that the sun, published next year by the Smithsonian American communities. after rising in the east in the morning, and Press. (See also his "The Copernican Celebra­ The first day of issue ceremony of the passing nearly overhead at noon, disappeared tion," in Science Year, The World Book Sci­ Copernicus stamp launches a major interna­ from sight in the west and then went behind ence Annual, 1972, Field Enterprises Educa­ tional symposium, "The Nature of Scientific or below us to produce night. But Copernicus tional Corporation, and "Copernicus and the Discovery, under auspices of the National calculated that the sun was at absolute rest: Foundation of Modern Science,'' UNESCO Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian night occurs at those places where, as the Courier, 1973.) Institution. The symposium, organized in co­ planet rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, Another legacy of United States participa­ operation with the Copernicus Society of the light from the sun is cut off by the tion in Copernicus Year will be a popular America, is embellished by exhibitions of opaque bulk of the earth itself. Kepler, Gall­ book of essays on Copernican and quasi­ Renaissance treasures from Cracow, Polish leo, and Newton extended his revolutionary Copernican revolutions being assembled un­ crafts and graphich, medals, film premieres, theory to produce the foundations of modern der the auspices of the National Academy of newly commissioned music by Leo Smit, science. Celestial motions no longer could Sciences and the editorship of Prof. Jerzy Sir Fred Hoyle, and Leon Kirchner, public be explained in terms of strivings inherent Neyman of the University of California, forums on innovation in technology and in matter itself. Berkeley. Destined for the general public and education, a visual presentation by Charles By assigning the earth its true place in younger students, this new work will give Eames, and a new portrait of Copernicus by the cosmos, Copernicus, according to Prof. further testimony to the universal man who Leonard Baskin-in short, a Renaissance Rosen, made an imperishable contribution made such an "imperishable contribution" cultural festival in modern idiom. The U.S. to cosmological thought. He serves as an im­ to human thinking about the cosmos. National Commission to UNESCO has joined portant reminder of the curiosity, discipline, Such thinking may be as practical as sur­ with the Smithsonian in sponsoring "Educa­ and versatility needed today in an epoch vival. "If a man is not to disappear he must tion Day honoring Copernicus April 26. marked by social and intellectual fragmen­ learn to know himself and the universe Under separate auspices, Copernicus will re­ tation. Some blame science and technology through which his planet soars,'' Nell Arm­ ceive further tribute this week with a Ken­ for environmental problems and fail to recog­ strong said. "Copernicus lifted eyes to the nedy Center concert of traditional and con­ nize that new Copernican revolutions are re­ stars and this one year birthday party hardly temporary Polish music, and Polish Day ac­ quired to solve them. Copernicus' legacy pro­ seems long enough." tivities near the Washington monument. vides a focus and a model for individual and cultural renewal. As a churchman, patriot, MAN BEHIND TRffiUTES physician, economist, diplomat, mathema­ COPERNICUS-DEDICATION BY KENNETH F. Who was the man behind these tributea, tician and painter-in addition to his work LEWALSKI, RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE and why the celebration? as astronomer-Copernicus combined gifts It is good to be reminded on this anni­ Born Mikolaj Kopernik or Niklas Koper­ which still can pop up in new combinations versary of Copernicus how much a single in­ nik in Torun, Poland, February 19, 1473, in new generations, within the same indi­ dividual can do to bring about a change in the Renaissance genius, best known by his vidual. The persistence of the Copernican the consciousness of man . . . an occasion Latin name, represents nothing less than the spirit may be analogous to the survival of the to reflect upon the power of mind . • . an origin of modern science, a half-millennium Polish nation and the overseas carriers of eternal monument to the power of ideas in of progress in understanding the physical Polish culture who make up Polonia. history. As a man of the Renaissance. Coper­ universe. "In an age of specialization, the tribute to nicus was both a scientist and humanist. He (Serious students of Copernicus in English Copernicus, who embodies the Renaissance represents our continuing quest for an in­ should consult the works of Prof. Edward ideal, should have special meaning for the tegrated understanding of man and nature. Rosen, City University of New York, who will continuing education of modern Americans, a harmony between science and society, and be honored this week by the Copernicus and other people in the world who need such the mastery of man over himself and his Society of America for his new biographical reminders of the interdependence of learn­ universe. work on Copernicus contained in Rosen's ing," S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smith­ Three Copernican Treatises. New York. sonian Institution, recently wrote. "Though Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 3rd edition, 1971. identified with Poland, Copernicus tran­ [From the AM-POL Eagle, Buffalo, N.Y., See also Rosen's article, "Copernicus' Place scends ethnic and national origins." Apr. 26, 1973] in the History of Astronomy," Sky and Tele­ The Smithsonian Magazine observed that POSTAL SERVICE DEDICATES COPERNICUS STAMP scope, February, 1973.) Copernicus has become one of the immortals. The U.S. Postal Service Monday officially Left fatherless at age 10, Nicolaus was (Special articles on Copernicus appear in both dedicated a commemorative stamp to the brought up by his mother's influential the March and April, 1973 issues.) He is one memory of Nicholaus Copernicus. brother, the Bishop of warmia, and at age of the names like Plato, Shakespeare, and The Smithsonian Institution & National 18, in 1491, started his studies at the royal Leonardo da Vinci, which shed a permanent Academy of Sciences in Washington spon­ Jagiellonian University in Cracow, then the glow of glory on the nations which can claim sored a symposium observing the 500th Co­ capital of Polish kings. There he learned them for their own. German and Italian cul­ pernican anniversary. from the observational and computational tures contributed to making Copernicus a The seven-day ceremony was launched tools (exhibited today in the Smithsonian) great European. (Coincidentally, the first day Sunday night with a concert featuring a can­ which helped launch his diverse career. He of issue of our stamp to Copernicus falls on tata, Copernicus, Narrative and Credo, com­ studied canon law at Bologna, medicine at Shakespeare's birthday.) posed by Leo Smith of the State University Padua, and received a doctorate from BASIS FOR HUMILITY of Buffalo. Ferrara before returning to Poland in 1505, Yet, along with national pride in his Rep. Thaddeus J. Dulski (D., Buffalo), where he spent his adult life as canon for achievements, the Copernican legacy brings who introduced the congressional resolution the Cathedral of Frauenburg (now From­ with it a basis for humility. "Psychologically, that designated this week as Nicholaus Co­ bark). There, starting in 1512, he wrote Copernicus' contribution to man's self-image pernicus Week, was on hand at the dedica­ Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly was far more important even than his epochal tion at the Institute. Spheres, published in Nuremberg in 1543- correction of' astronomers' ideas," the New A pen which was used by President Nixon the work destined to overthrow the long­ York Times observed in a birthday tribute. to sign the resolution, Mr. Dulski announced, held view that the earth was the center of had been sent to him by the president. and the universe. His masterwork, printed the "His work exposed the folly of human arro­ gance. Before Copernicus, men could imagine he, in turn, will give it to the Buffalo & Erie year of his death, acted like a delayed time County Historical Society. bomb exploding scientific and religious their home planet was the center of the uni­ verse and mankind thus the focal point of The dedication was made by Murray Kam­ dogmas. Protestant and Catholic authorities arow, senior assistant postmaster general. A were more comfortable with seven centuries' creation. Today, after centuries of develop­ ment of Copernican ideas we know that the number of bound volumes of the first day acceptance of Ptolemy's geocentric theory earth and this solar system are a relatively was presented by Mr. Kamarow to Ambas­ that the sun and planets moved around a sador Witold Trampczynski. fixed earth. Invention of the telescope helped unimportant byway in a universe with bil­ lions of stars and of similar solar systems." Guests at the ceremony included Dr. Matt confirm Copernicus' theory. And for what Copernicus means to earth­ A. Gajewski, of the Buffalo Board of Educa­ HIS MATHEMATICAL SKILLS bound truth-seekers today, in the face of tion, Arthur Koscinski and Chester Kendra, Though centuries before computer tech­ declining public support for science. Prof. all members of Adam Plewacki American nology evolved to help astronomers, Coper­ Owen Gingerich of the Smithsonian Astro­ Legion Post Stamp Society in Buffalo. nicus produced tables in his De Revolu­ physical Observatory and Harvard Univer­ Also attending were the following: Buf­ tionibus which reflect his decades of pene­ sity, wrote: "From his 'remote corner of the falo Committee, Dr. Francis Siemankowski. trating reflection and precise computation. world' Nicolaus Copernicus set into motion Buffalo State College; Fred Jablonski, Buf­ His mathematical skills also were reflected not only the earth, but the entire spirit of falo Copernicus Exhibit Committee; Chester in a treatise on coinage which anticipated inquiry that has so richly increased our un­ Jarmusz. also Buffalo Copernicus Exhibit Gresham's Law. derstanding of the universe. But the ultimate Committee. May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1481l [From the Buffalo (N.Y.) Evenings News, A good part of that plus is the damage to employment lines, to starve while going to Apr. 24, 1973] human lives-to the fighting men and their school on the pinched and begrud6ing GI COPERNICUS STAMP UNVEILED AT POSTAL families, to the society that produced them bill? the editorial asks. SERVICE CEREMONY and must now share their anguish, their Miss Breslin worries that there are not (By Roland Powell) reentry pains. Some terrible truths about the enough benefits, enough therapists, P.nough mental suffering of Vietnam vets are finally jobs. It's an enormous, soul-destroying prob­ WASHINGTON.-The U.S. Postal Service beginning to surface. We shall ignore them lem. And the basic question must be stated: Monday officially dedicated a commemera­ at our peril. Is there enough concern, enough love, tive stamp to the memory of Nicolaus For years to come, these men will con­ enough decency in this land to cope with the Copernicus. stitute one of our most serious social prob­ Post-Vietnam Syndrome? Copernicus, born Feb. 19, 1473, in Torum, lems. For theirs are the sort of problems that Poland, is best known for the theory that the cannot be cured by college on the GI bill, or earth rotated around the sun instead of being by a few months of "rap sessions" with a REPEAL THE SECOND LAW OF the center of the universe. psychotherapist. THERMODYNAMICS His 500th anniversary observance includes "Vietnam veteran syndrome" is a new a current symposium here sponsored by the phrase born of peace and entering the lan­ Smithsonian Institution & National Academy guage as a scream in the night. of Sciences. To say that our veterar. population is alien­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER The week-long ceremonies were launched ated, is to understate the matter. Dr. Robert OF CALIFORNIA Sunday night with a concert featuring a Jay Lifton, the Yale psychiatrist who has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cantata, "Copernicus, Narrative and Credo," made an 18-month study of servicemen's composed by Leo Smith of the State Univer­ psychoses, says the men are "hurting" and Tuesday, May 8, 1973 sity of Buffalo ... held in the Smithsonian's desperately in need of help. Sadly, a great Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, it is com­ National Museum of Histo;:y & Technology. many of them avoid contact with the Veter­ Among those on hand was Rep. Thaddeus J. ans' Administration because it is linked in mon these days to receive pontifical sug­ Dulski (D. Buffalo) who introduced the con­ their minds to the military establishment, gestions for the relief of the energy gressional resolution that designated this which they have come to hate and distrust. crisis. Mostly these have us turning to week at Nicolaus Copernicus Week. One of the scarring aspects of the Viet­ solar power or geothermal sources or Mr. Dulski announced that the pen used nam war, Dr. Lifton has written, was that it controlled hydrogen fusion and the like by President Nixon to sign the resolution offered "no honorable encounter, no warrior at once, without an intervening period had been sent to him by President Nixon and grandeur." Instead there was a malignant he, in turn, would give it to the Buffalo & of research and development. A man in obsession with body counts. "Only killing England is selling do-it-yourself kits Erie County Historical Society. could affirm power, skill and worth," the psy­ The dedication was made by Murray chiatrist notes. whereby methane gas to run automobile Kamarow, senior assistant postmaster gen­ Killing for the sake of killing has left deep engines is generated from manure power. eral. Mr. Kamarow presented a number of scars in the veterans' minds. Many are vio­ The opposite side of this coin is the bound volumes of the first day to members of lence prone and their drug addiction is a proposition of conserving and reusing the Smithsonian, the National Academy of particularly vicious kind. energy. The demand for new energy is Sciences and to Ambassador Witold Trampc­ The Federal Prison Authority estimates zynski. thus cut back or eliminated by the con­ that 30 percent of the nation's prison popu­ servation and reuse of old energy, usually Guests at the ceremony included Dr. Matt lation now consists of Vietnam veterans. A. Gajewski, of the Buffalo Board of Educa­ From 23 to 27 per cent of Vietnam-era vet­ in the form of Btu's which have been tion, Arthur Koscinski and Chester Kendra, erans admitted to psychiatric care have at­ salvaged. As explained in the following all members of Adam Plewackl American tempted suicide. Several psychiatrists have article from Nuclear News magazine for Legion Post Stamp Society in Buffalo. said that they expect the suicide rate among May, written by Bill Minkler. all these veterans to increase as the years pass. The things can set in motion the necessary WAR SCARS memories, the guilt, the bitterness do not prerequisites for legislative repeal of the recede under the influence of home cooking Second Law of Thermodynamics: and the love of a good woman. OUR TOWN'S FUEL CRISIS-80LVED I was impressed-and deeply troubled­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL by a sensitive article in the current Red­ (By Bill Minkler) OF NEW YORK book on Vietnam Veterans by Catherine Two months ago I told you about our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Breslin. One telling anecdote says all you town's fuel shortage, and how we shivered Tuesday, May 8, 1973 need to know about war nerves: A young all winter. Now we've solved the problem and woman, having left her bed in the night, can face next winter without fear. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, now that silently returned to the side of her sleeptng Our solution is based on an established the Vietnam war is officially over, and husband. The pressure on the mattress woke electrical engineering technique, which, in words such as "honor" and "victory" are him. Barely conscious, he struck her fiercely, case you haven't heard of it, I shall now de­ bandied about with increasing frequency, breaking her nose. scribe. This will be today's science history A psychologist, James Smith, is quoted as lesson, so please take careful notes. There it is time to face reality. The harsh saying that "No group in America is poten­ will be a quiz at the end of the hour. reality of the difficult adjustment ahead tially as dangerous as the veterans." When electricity was discovered in 1800 by for our Vietnam veterans. A psychiatric researcher at Harvard stu~ ··:: d Alessandro Volta and his young assistant In the New York Post of April 18, Har- 60 ex-Marine enlistees for a period of two Thomas Wattson, it was shown that electric 11et Van Horne wrote an interesting and years. During that time, two were indic-,;ed current is the flow of electrons along a wire. necessary column entitled "War Scars." for murder and five for attempted murder. Early motors, toasters, iron, etc. had only Is is now submitted for this body's col­ Later, the researcher, Charles Levy, was con­ one wire, which carried electrons from the lective interest. sulted in eight widely scattered trials ot power company to the appliance. The used veterans who had committed major crimes, electrons were simply dumped into the air. WAR SCARS including murder, kidnaping and rape. Their No atmospheric pollution resulted from (By Harriet Van Horne) control had snapped, in every case, d.uring this, because the electrons rose quickly to One of the solemn idiocies of war is trying a "flashback condition" in which they felt the stratosphere and formed an invisible to add up the total cost in dollars and sense, themselves completely and unaccountably cloud, which we now call the Van Allen belt. and ignoring the agonizing cost in shattered back in Vietnam. However, since the electrons were being lives, national despair and a demoralized Society, one observer has said, requi~es discarded after one use, and since natural military system. nothing of the Vietnam veteran except "in­ matter contains less than 0.03 percent elec­ The Pentagon, ever modest in its public visibility." We are guilty about this war trons by weight, an acut e electron shortage calculations, has estimated the cost of the and morally responsible for the young Amer­ developed. A separation plant was estab­ Vietnam war at $110 billion. That's a stag­ icans sent to fight it. Dr. Lifton has summE'd lished at Oak Ridge, Tenn., to strip electrons gering sum, all right, but it's only the be­ up our mood perfectly: "Even Americans from matter by gaseous diffusion for dis­ ginning. who have not seen Vietnam feel something tribution to power companies. Heavy e-Je­ The Pentagon estimate takes no account of a national descent into Existential evil, ments were used, as these contain more elec­ of the billions in aid to Saigon, Cambodia a sense that the killing and dying done in trons per atom than light elements. But since and Laos. It ignores the long range cost of their name cannot be placed within &. mean­ known heavy element deposits were quite veterans' benefits and medical care, which ingful system ... The result is a widespreau, limited, it was feared that electricity was will eventually total $220 bililon. It ignores if vague, feeling of lost integrity at .;imes doomed. The convenient automatic ?,p­ the loss to the Gross National Product of approaching moral-psychological disintegra­ pliances, with their familiar single black the 55,000 war dead, currently written off tion." wire, would soon disappear. as a waste of $33 billion in human labor. A bitter, four-page newspaper comes to my Fortunately, a young genius from New Jer­ It was not a lovely war, and Robert Le­ desk occasionally, published by Vietnam Vet­ sey named Thomas Edison got the idea­ kachman, the distinguished economist, has erans Against the War. Says a recent issue, why not use two wires? One to carry elec· said that the ultimate cost of our Vietnam "Home with honor-what kind of joke is trons to the appliance, and the other tore­ adventure will be $400 billion, plus. that?" Is it an honor to stand in the l.All· cycle them back to the generator. Edison's 14812 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 scheme proved so successful that it was sumption 20 years ago that the Truman and the commentators who have been foster­ adopted immediately. administration had to have somebody who ing it (and the politicians) need to be re­ With the electron population thus stabi­ was responsible for Alger Hiss, and that the membered for their irresponsibility. lized, the gaseous diffusion plant was needed Soviet "spy" couldn't be operating at a top These are the demands to have "the Presi­ only for expansion and makeup of irrecover­ echelon "all alone." dent" clear up the whole thing by "naming able losses. And Edison soon devised a way If you supported Senator Joseph McCar­ names" and spelling it all out. to eliminate it altogether. He found that by thy's line of reasoning in 1952, you could rea­ Such an action on his part would extend attaching a third wire to an appliance, and sonably take the same attitude today and the very "executive power" and violate the tying the other end of the wire to a sewer find Nixon "guilty" by the process of "guilt limitations of powers that said commenta­ pipe, electrons would rise out of the ground by association," and proceed with his "char­ tors and politicians have been howling about. to the appliance along this third wire by acter assassination," ala Carl Rowan and It would make the chief executive, sud­ jet pump action. The rise rate was greater others. denly, the prosecutor, judge and jury over a than sufficient to make up all losses, and so If you denounced these methods as im­ criminal matter. Among other things, it he termed this phenomenon "electron breed­ moral, sinful, and a clear violation of Ameri­ would make a constitutional trial virtually ing." From thenceforward Edison's three­ can basic principles, you really are obliged impossible and thereby guarantee acquittals wire concept was designed into all large ap­ to give Mr. Nixon the same benefit of the for anyone accused after such a massive pub­ pliances, and the diffusion plant was turned doubt as you demanded then. lic "conviction." over to the government for experiments on It doesn't work that way in practice, of The President cannot pre-empt the grand an obscure mett.~ called uranium that will course, but it does in principle-and when jury. probably never amount to anything. the practice is reversed to suit political prej­ He has no such authority, and if he did Recalling Edison's success at conserving udices, we have to recognize that it is un­ so, the same critics would then, indeed, cru­ electrons, the engineers at our local Gas Co. principled action. cify him for such an irresponsible and arro­ said, why not adapt his method to conserva­ But what about the "cover up," which in­ gant act-and they would be right, for a tion of BTU's-the tiny particles of heat en­ nocently or deliberately was fostered by Mr. change. ergy we had been throwing away after one Nixon? That is a legitimate charge, although As it stands, the legal process has been use just as early appliance users had thrown the language may be strong. He certainly did mightily abused-but it is that legal process away electrons? belittle the whole matter, dismiss the idea which has been grinding away and moving Realizing that BTU's don't travel on wireff, that it might require investigation of his this matter forward. the engineers researched ways of capturing own official family, etc.? We do not cure the real evils-or imagined and storing them. They found that the best That action does not commend him highly. evils-of this affair by abandoning due proc­ way is to pick the used BTU's off the floor Does the criticism of his belittling the ess. with insulated tweezers and pack them in matter commend most of the present baying In their fervor people forget that the real thermos jugs. By soaking them in water first hounds of the Senate any better, however? "crime" involved in the Watergate charges is to remove their labels and then crushing Let us go back to the scene of the precisely that-a violation of process. them underfoot, it is possible to pack two or "crime"-to last August, when the best evi­ "Bugging" to get information is what is three million used BTU's into a one-gallon dence currently available tells us that Mr. alleged here. container. Nixon was told the White House was "clean" Eavesdropping on the opposition is what Neighborhood Recycle Centers have been or "safe" in the Watergate affair-which had this is all about. established, manned by authentic recycle just broken. It hardly improves the morality of opera­ workers in sweatshirts and beards. All of us What was he doing last August? tions if we corrupt due process totally in flock their with our weekly buckets of BTU's It was the climax of a whole series of care­ pursuing that case. (except the French restaurant on Main Street, fully executed chess moves, with all of them At this point, Watergate is the Crime of which brings calories-these must be packed somewhat up in the air at the same time for the Century because it is the News Story of separately). Since March our town's season­ the grand finale-the Russian arms treaty, the Month ... and it is the News Story of ally adjusted fuel consumption has dropped the breakthrough to diplomatic ties with the Month in part, because the world is 90 percent, and the Town Council has voted China, the opening phase of real peace nego­ rather quiet for a change, and the Congress to repeal the Second law of Thermodynamics. tiations with Hanoi, and the election itself isn't doing anything but make hay out of dead ahead. it either. But if there is any legal process here in­ WATERGATE EDITORIALS can you think of a political figure on the scene today who at such a critical juncture volving the President, it is not his proclaim­ in the labors of four years as head of state ing "guilty verdicts" by fiat instead of by HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL would have said: "Drop everything, and give judicial trial-it would have to be one with OF ILLINOIS this Watergate burglary the first priority! the President as defendant-in an impeach­ ment proceedings. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Announce a full White House investigation­ and don't worry about the Chinese, the war, If Congress wants to pursue this ~ase, that Tuesday, May 8, 1973 the Russian treaty, or the election and its is the only possible proper and Constitu­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, two edi­ effect on our success at this juncture in any tional way they can do so ... and that would of these matters." chain them rather quickly to much more re­ torials from the Peoria Journal Star, one Who would not have said: "Get this Water­ from the April 30, 1973, edition entitled strained and responsible "due process" as gate thing on the backburner, as best you well. "Nixon's Timing Problem" and the sec­ can, where it will do the least possible harm, The circus approach to Watergate is be­ ond from the issue of May 2, 1973, en­ while we finish the job in Vietnam and this titled "Watergate Lynching Parties" dis­ Chinese-Russian-Vietnamese triple play." coming as disgraceful as the bugging of the Would you believe Charles Percy would INN was in the first place. cuss some aspects of this Watergate mess It is not improving the moral climate of in a down-to-earth, commonsense man­ have taken the first or the second course? Hubert Humphrey? our government and our society-it is cor­ ner which is typical of so many of our Ed Muskie? rupting it still further. grassroots newspapers and I include both George McGovern? We've gone all the way through the Mc­ editorials in the RECORD at this point: Ted Kennedy, of all people! Carthy Method now, from "guilt by asso­ WATERGATE-NIXON'S TIMING PROBLEM Who? ciation" to "character assassination" to de­ (By C. L. Dancey) Who among the critics? mands for "guilt by accusation" without The fun and games these days for those Can you honestly find one that you truly trial. who, a year ago, were calling Mr. Nixon believe would have gambled last August with Let's do it right. Political lynching hardly a murderer and a warmonger who had no in­ the state of the world to make a grand personal gesture about a piece of political elevates the participants, and will have a tention of ending the war, center around future, soberer evaluation. Some folks grab­ whether or not he was sinful last August spying at Democratic headquarters by four "buggers?" bing for headlines these days may find that when he accepted White House Aide Dean·s when they thought they were building their assurance that the Watergate burglary did I can't. not involve anyone in the White House. Then, what kind of standard are we talking careers-they were disqualifying themselves It ranges from those who argue, in tune about, and where is the Superman we seek for future consideration. with the way they argued about the China to bring to power? It is time to remember the advice Ralph visit being a fraud and the Russian treaty Even Abe Lincoln put the Civil War and Waldo Emerson gave to the Phi Beta Kappa talks a pretense-that-would-never-happen, freedom for the slaves ahead of investi­ society when he was asked to talk about that Nixon was probably the author of the gating Lafayette Baker (another over-zealous the "duties" of the American scholar-and Watergate "bugging"-or "covered up" and "spy.") instead of proclaiming them the leaders and tried to dismiss it when he did find out the wave of the future, he advised them to about it--to those who say he was a chump WATERGATE LYNCHING PARTIES keep their perspective to recognize that "a to believe Dean and proceed as if nobody near (By c. L. Dancey) pop-gun is still a pop-gun even when the an­ him was touched by it. cient and honorable of the earth proclaim The presumption that Nixon authored or There is one demand in the Watergate case knew about the plan is akin to the pre- that is totally impossible and unreasonable. it to be the crack of doom ..." May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14813 PROFESSORS, POLITICS, AND In a kind of educational defense mobilization up for rights lest they be thrown into a hos­ THE GOVERNMENT the nation geared up to produce scholars in tile job market. the fields which the government deemed Painful as these effects are on the individ­ "critical." uals involved, the consequences for the na­ HON. DOMINIC'K V. DANIELS It took a few years; mobilization never tion are even more ominous. For the first takes place immediately. But by the mid- time in its history America is facing a period OF NEW JERSEY 1960's our graduate schools had begun pour­ when unemployment among the highly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing out record numbers of Ph.D.'s in all fields. trained threatens to outstrip joblessness Tuesday, May 8, 1973 with the concentration in the NDEA-im­ among the unskilled and semiskilled. Already pacted fields mentioned above. In an expand­ the national unemployment rate-slightly Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. ing economy unparalleled in this century over six percent at this writing-is surpassed Speaker, the autumn edition of the Mid­ there were jobs for all, and some positions by physicists and some other physical science west Quarterly featured an article by even went begging in the rush to lure bright categories. Clifford E. Landers and Arthur E. Nudel­ young Ph.D.'s into government posts, defense What happens to the "overeducated" who man entitled "Professors, Politics, and industries, and teaching. The euphoria lasted become unemployed? During the Depression three or four years, but like the stock market many of them succumbed to the lure of the Government" in which the two men in 1929 it was to come crashing down almost, communism, an alternative today thorough­ offered some challenging views on the it seemed, overnight. By late 1969 the situa­ ly discredited. In the 1970's the alienated Ph. D. glut. tion was clear for all to see; suddenly many turn elswehere. As one young history pro­ Mr. Speaker, Dr. Landers is a distin­ a new doctoral sheepskin had become the fessor on the West Coast told me. "If (this guished member of the political science ironic symbol of shattered dreams. As one college) ever went under and I couldn't find faculty at Jersey City State College and embittered Ph.D in physics remarked after another job, I think I'd become a full-time his views are highly respected in the months of fruitless searching for employ­ revolutionary." A romantic, a visionary? Per­ ment. "With that diploma and a dime you haps. But the fact is indisputable that mod­ academic world. I know that my col­ can make a phone call." ern technology has made Everyman a poten­ leagues will find the article he coau­ In the last two years the academic reces­ tial terrorist, and even undergraduate chem­ thored well worthy of their time. sion has worsened, and it has not yet bot­ istry majors have the knowledge and access The article follows my remarks: tomed out. In 1970 this country produced to materials needed to construct a plastic [From the Midwest Quarerly, vol. XIV, No. 1, 27,000 new doctors of philosophy; last year bomb. Embittered, disillusioned, angry at autumn 1972] the figure was almost 30,000, despite the "the System," the jobless academician might become the likely dupe of terrorists, anarch­ PROFESSORS, POLITICS, AND THE GOVERNMENT ready evidence of a job shortage. Theoretically doctoral programs require about three years ists, and other anti-Establishment forces. (By Clifford E. Landers and to complete, but the average time is 5.7 years We do not mean to overdramatize. Perhaps Arthur E. Nudelman) because the majority of students take a job not one out of a hundred would find such a The United States has established a tradi­ and finish their dissertation away from grad­ path appealing, but despair can be a politic­ tion of underutilizing certain of its natural uate school. It will probably be 1974 before izing force, and many who were apolitical resources while nonetheless maintaining a the nadir is reached and supply-demand in their laboratories and classrooms would high level of material prosperity, a luxury curves begin to approximate rational pro­ become radicals after months of futile search available only to a fortunate few of the portions. Those who have already started searching for a non-existent job. Can any world's nations. The paradox of poverty in Ph.D. programs will want to finish them, system, however smug and secure, afford the the midst of plenty has become a hoary while even now graduate school enrollment, luxury of creating hundreds and even thou­ cliche to Americans long accustomed to vast mirabile dictu, was up by one percent i:n 1971, sands of malcontents, many possessing the surpluses of grain rotting in storage while according to the Council of Graduate Schools. intellect and training to wreak havoc within hundreds of thousanas at home and tens of Admittedly the growth rate has declined that system? The lesson of history is clear on m111ions abroad suffer from malnutrition. from the 7.5 percent it averaged from 1968 one point: revolutions are engendered by For all its pro:fiigateness, however, America to 1970. the intelligenstia, a scion of the middle class. has historically maximized its use of its one What are the new Ph.D.'s finding when they Post-1945 developments have given the most irreplaceable natural resource-the leave the campus and seek a job? To quote period the label Age of the Guerilla. Algeria, brainpower of its citizenry. Endowed by its from one disillusioned mathematician, North Vietnam, Cuba-all underline the role Creator with roughly the same proportion of "B.A.+M.A.+Ph.D.=O." Take the case of of the irregular in bringing down an estab­ genius as any other nation, the U.S. has ex­ Betty B., a 25-year-old Ph.D. in math who lished government. This is not likely to hap­ tended educational opportunity to a larger lives in Houston. After applying at four col­ pen in America, but Watts, Newark, and other percentage of its population than any other leges, ten junior colleges, and three high urban riots point up the inescapable con­ country, with results which are obvious to school districts in the area, she contemplated clusion that a small group, even a leader­ the most casual observer. If nations in the secretarial work and even a job as a waitress less mob, can create disorder far out of pro­ third world can be said to suffer fro:n intel­ before she found a position teaching under­ portion to its numbers. Latin America pro­ lectual underdevelopment (i.e., failure to graduate engineering students at her alma vides numerous illustrations of the use of tap their resources of potential brainpower), mater. Considering the discrimination "symbolic violence"-e.g., exploding a bomb the United States today refiects the opposite against females which exists even in Acade­ at midnight in a soccer field-aimed at re­ tendency. It has unconcernedly generated a mia, she feels herself lucky. minding the authorities of what might have population explosion among highly E.;pecial­ Less fortunate is a 32-year-old Ph.D in po­ been, the same explosion during an inter­ ized personnel which could conceivably un­ litical science who has been out of work since tionalized violence. Although American cam­ dermine the very system which produced it. September of 1971. He is in a field (Latin puses are quiet at the moment--some would Origins of the problem. While it is an ex­ American government) in which demand say forebodingly so--the possibility for re­ aggeration to say that American government has dropped while NDEA funding was in­ newed radicalization still exists, and what functions from one crisis to another, govern­ creasing output. A former assistant profes­ better leader than an ex-academician? mental machinery in this country does seem sor at a well known state university, he is The problem, then, is more than just a to respond more rapidly and more decisively now hopefully applying to schools which two small number of unemployed Ph. D.'s. Besides when faced with what decisionmakers per­ years ago he would have considered a stop­ the obvious humanitarian question involved, ceive as a threat. Wartime acts are the obvi­ gap at best. there is the hard-to-answer contention that ous example, but even in peacetime the Experts predict things will get worse be­ any society which casts on the discard heap tendency is still evident. For our purposes fore they get better. Lewis B. Mayhew of itc: most highly trained and intelligent mem­ the relevant case is the Soviet sputnik of Stanford foresees 67,000 doctorates annually bers forfeits any claim to their support. 1957. Beeping its way across the then-un­ by 1980, while the need for new teachers Comparisons are indeed odious, but one re­ crowded heavens it touched off a revolution calls Nazi Germany's refusal to utilize Jewish with the Ph. D. is actually declining. Allan of major proportions in the higher education M. Cartter, one of the nation's foremost au­ intellectuals even where no suitable sub­ system of the United Staes, a revolution thorities in the field, has stated that curtail­ stitute existed, and Hitler's prejudice against which even now has yet to run its full course. ment of college expansion during the next "Jewish physics" may have cost him the Faced with the Russian fait accompli, the secret of the atomic bomb and hence the U.S. responded in the only way it knew, in a decade means that replacement of person­ war. Can America simply cut adrift large manner which had served so well in the nel during the coming twenty years wm be numbers of its specialized talent to sink or past--it appropriated money. A seemingly dependent on death and retirement only­ swim during the next decade or so? If it does endless cornucopia opened up for education­ about two percent per annum, hardly a so, it is at its own risk. al undertakings even remotely related to "na­ bright prospect for those now starting out. Some proposals. First it must be recognized tional defense"- and what wasn't? The Na­ The effects of the crunch are manifold, that the so-called glut of Ph. D.'s is an arti­ tional Defense Education Act among its but some of the more obvious which may ficial creation. There is no true surplus, multitudinous provisions set aside funds to come about include lower starting salaries merely underutilization. During the 1960's, train teachers in many fields but especially for new Ph. D.'s, larger teaching funds, more simultaneously with its effort to generate in mathematics, the physical sciences, and rigorous publication demands, especially on more Ph. D.'s quickly, the U.S. educational foreign languages-not coincidentally three younger professors, and in some schools a system allowed its student/ professor ratio of the hardest hit fields in the current aca­ diminution of academic freedom stemming to slip disastrously. In the period 1965-70 demic recession which we shall discuss later. from the reluctance of academicians to speak the ratio increased ten percent, meaning 14814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 that the average professor was meeting 33 be phased out as quickly as possible in those that in some instances have taken hundreds students for every 30 he had taught just fields such as physics and foreign languages of years to come to fruition. But the exist­ five years before. By merely maintaining the which burgeoned under the impact of NDEA ence of a department-level entity called, say, ratio of 1965 this country could have created but are now overcrowded. Why encourage the Department of National Goals (DNG) another 50,000 teaching jobs and obviated more students to seek a Ph. D. in fields al­ would help assure that our efforts at healing unemployment in higher education. That r~y blessed with a surfeit? Funds could be these open sores on the body politic did not this was not done is to the discredit of a rechanneled into fields where there is still depend on the vagaries of any one adminis­ system which pays lip service to constant up­ a shortage, few though they are. One such tration. The fate of the War on Poverty and grading of its institutions. Priorities at that area. is Black Studies, where increased spend­ the Alliance for Progress offers mute testi­ time were such that the war in Southeast ing might have a desirable side effect politi­ mony to the wiSdom of installing such safe­ Asia and the race to the moon must take cally. Another possibility is using such freed guards. precedence. Today the war is winding down money for construction of medical schools The DNG would establish a continuing re­ and the moon bears an American fia.g, but and encouraging Ph. D.'s in chemistry, biol­ search center to study problems, employing the student/professor ratio continues to wor­ ogy, and related fields to retool themselves highly trained personnel in many fields. Ur­ sen. The chance has been lost, and a reces­ for medicine; a sort of Job Corps could be ban blight, for example, is a question which sionary economy precludes anything but a established to help them make the transi­ calls into play the specialized knowledge of holding action in higher education. tion with a minimum of fuss. The U.S. des­ sociologists, economists, demographers, po­ Solutions have been proposed, but most are perately needs M.D.'s, while Ph. D.'s are a litical scientists, health service workers, ped­ half-measures at best. One such idea. is to dime a doctorate; here is a way of meetring agogues, biologists (how do you get rid of restructure the curriculum so students can two la.rge-sca.le national problems simulta­ rats?), psychologists-the list 1s virtually get a Bachelor's degree in three years in­ neously, Political opposition might be ex­ endless. In effect the DNG would be the em­ stead of four. Commendable, certainly, but pected from more conservative elements of ployer of last resort for academicions as the hardly the answer to the difficulties outlined the American Medical Association but oould WPA was for manual workers, but the bene­ above. Ronald Peieris, a physicist with the be overcome if public opinion were mobilized fits accruing to the nation would be vastly Brookhaven National Laboratory, has gone so behind the proposal. This should not be diffi­ more far-reaching. The social ills that beset far as to advocate the elimination of the cult once the urgency of the predicament America will never be eliminated without the Ph. D. degree-not the course work, just was made clear. kind of massive moral commitment which we the degree itself. By eliminating the degree, Government intervention created the al­ describe, and is any price too great to pay he contends, the student would gain greater leged glut of Ph. D.'s by encouraging expan­ for an end to prejudice, for example? fiexibllity and avoid overspecialization, there­ sion of gra.dua.te school programs and by fos­ If it falls within the capitalist ethic to pay by increasing his acquaintance with a variety tering output beyond the foreseealble de­ U.S. senators, among others, not to grow cot­ of fields and broadening his employability. mand. It is only reasonable, then, to ask gov­ ton or alfalfa, we contend it is equally jus­ Without going into the merits of this ernment to take the lead in helping quell the tifiable to pay professors not to teach. A kind proposal, we must admit that the Ph. D. onrushing flow of exoess dootomtes, but cut­ of nationwide "brain bank" might be estab­ degree does in general encourage "knowing ting down the supply-however necessa.ey- lished, analogous to the soil bank which has more and more about less and less" and sorely 1s a basically neg111tive approach. There i8 existed for decades. Professors would be paid needs reforming. The median number of years something the federal government can do in to keep themselves on reserve in case they spent in acquiring Ph. D. in English is 9.7, a positive direction: it can undertake to re­ were needed by the government; in the four more than the national average for all store the numerical balance between profes­ meantime they oould pursue whatever re­ fields. One can but stand in awe at the per­ sor and student w'hich was lost in the frantic search they wished during their extended severance of those who finally win their rush of expansionism in the 1960's. First step sabbatical. Every two or three years they union card. But whatever its defects, the in this direction would be a requirement that would have the option of returning to teach­ Ph. D. is here to stay; competing degrees future federal gt"a.nts-in-a.id for higher edu­ ing, taking a job in the DNG or continuing such as the Doctor of Arts are foredoomed cation go only to those institutions which in the brain bank. The total cost of such a to second class status. Part of the problem, could demonstrnte that they did not exceed program would be less than the annual ex­ to be sure, is to find some method of elimi­ a stipulated maximum 'level of undergrad­ pense currently underwritten by the govern­ nating the glaring shortcomings of existing uate students per professor; semina.rs of ment in supporting the soil bank and would doctoral programs while retaining their posi­ three and five students could not be used to serve to maintain a far more precious re­ tive features, but that is not the main thrust skew the figures and make the overa.ll uni­ source than corn or barley. of this essay. versity ratio more respecta.ble. By adopting A utopian scheme? Quite possibly. But So­ Ultimately the supply and demand curve this approach the government would gear its cial Security, Medicare, and other advances will exert its inexorable sway over higher aid progrM!l to reduced student/fa.culty :ra­ in social legislation were all similarly de­ education as it does over all economic activ­ tios e.nd promote the hiring of additional in­ nounced while in the idea stage. And the un­ ities, but until then there 1s an urgent struotionaJ. staff. happy alternative to governmental interven­ need to take steps to ameliorate the problem. But this alone would not be enough, for tion is a steady decline in the quality of uni­ Loath as we are to suggest a further exten­ it might be merely an ad hoc mee.sure unless versity instruction as class size continues to sion of the federal bureaucracy, truth com­ an ongoing national commitment were made mount, a loss of self-esteem for thousands pels us to argue that only the federal gov­ to quality higher education. As Ja.mes Ci­ of "overtrained" savants reduced to driving ernment has the resources to deal with a ca.relli has pointed out ("The Government taxis or working as plumbers' assistants, and situ.&tion of this magnitude. The states, faced and the Economy," this QuARTERLY, Winter, an unpardonable reneging on the unwritten with dwindling funds and rising demands. 1972), the U.S. government reacted to the national promise to reward hard-won skills could not act effectively even lf tight-fisted Great Depression by passing the Employment by utilizing them with humaneness and dig­ legislatures were in the mood to expand ap­ Act of 1946, which in effect pledged that it nity in the common interest. propriations to colleges which many feel to would be a "de facto employer of last resort." be breeding grounds for radicals and anar­ OUr proposal is to extend this promise up­ chists. Business has traditionally restricted ward to include the professionals as well as TRADE DEFICIT AND OUR PRODUC­ its participation to endowments and founda­ the blue collar workers who have been the TION-COST INFLATION tion largesse. In short, only federal govern­ traditional beneficiaries of such a policy. ment has the wherewithal to meet the chal­ During the Depression the government lenge. created writers' projects and other activities HON. 0. C. FISHER For political reasons the government must for those whose tra.ining and background approach the problem gingerly. To the aver­ fitted them for mental mther than physical OF TEXAS age taxpayer, already financially overbur­ la.bor. We suggest that the federal govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dened and constantly on the verge of revolt, ment fund a permanent agency somewhat on Tuesday, May 8, 1973 higher education has a rather low priority. the model of the Works PrognlSS Administra­ Barring another Russian space spectacular tion to investigate the chronic problems that Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, one of the such as landing men on Mars, 1t is unlikely confront America. Nation's most respected authorities on that American colleges and universities will How would it work? In aims and con­ international trade is o. R. Strackbein, witness another windfall such as marked the cepts it would resemble the massive effort president of the Nationwide Committee period 1958-65. The approach, then, should the nation made in landing an American on on Import-Export Policy. At a time when stress utilization of a vital national resource, the moon, but it would not cost $25 billion, the providing of jobs for those willing to nor even a tenth that much. With appropri­ the Congress is dealing with this subject, work. This is something which the average ation of $500 million and provision for addi­ a statement prepared by Mr. Strackbein American understands and sympathizes with; tional funding where necessary, this country on various aspects of this problem should many now living benefited from such tech­ oould set in motion a major attack on some be helpful. niques during the Depression and acknowl­ of its perennial social problems-urban The statement follows: edge with gratitude the role of goverment blight, poverty, the ghetto, pollution, and TRADE DEFICIT AND OUR PRODUCTION-COST in helping them weather a time of personal yes, even racism. There is no guarantee that INFLATION and national crisis. we would solve any of these within five or Some may term the following program ten years even with a crash program such as (By 0. R. Strackbein) ruthless, and admittedly it does entail a car­ we envision, nor should the public be misled The trade deficit of 1972 at $6.4 billion was rot-and-stick approach. Federal funds should into expecting quick solutions to problems a rude reminder that governmental efforts May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14815 to reverse our adverse trade trend were so in the magnitude of some 20 %, so that in up ball in terms of technology and their far a failure. That the second devaluation 1972 our deficit was nearer $6 billion than progress was measured from a lower base of the dollar will be effective toward restoring the reported $4 billion in our trade with than ours. This is also true of wage rates, our trade balance is doubtful. Japan. The swingabout was rapid. Even on which is to say they rose fast er in J apan, The deficit, it should be made known, was the official basis our deficit in 1965 was only etc., but here, too, they started from a much much wider than our official trade statistics $334 million. In 1970 it was $1 .2 billion and lower base. In dollars and cent s our r ates reflected. Our competitive position has been in 1972 $4 billion. went up more than in those countries. much weaker for some years than official However, there are other areas of the MAJOR CAUSE OF HIGHER U.S. COSTS import and export statistics revealed. Instead world where our trade deficit is also large. American wage levels are usually blamed Canada, for example, exported $2.5 billion of a $6.4 billion deficit in 1972 our deficit in for our higher costs but wage increases h ave terms of private competitive foreign trade more to us in 1972 than we sent to Canada. This was a record deficit, and was double had causes of their own , as we shall see, quite was in the magnitude of $13-$14 billion. Yet, aside from collective bargaining. even on the basis of our official statistics we our deficit in 1969. Federal budgetary outlays, combined with swung from a surplus of $4.4 billion in 1967 We also had a record deficit in our trade those of the States, and Local government, to a deficit of $6.4 billion in 1972. This was with West Germany in 1972. It was $1.4 bil­ have mounted steeply in recen t years. Since a swing of nearly $11 billion in five years. lion compared wit h $800 million in 1971 these outlays are outside of our productive In 1972 our deficit with Japan was $4 bil­ and $290 million in 1970. The rise, again, system they inevitably increase the cost of lion according to our official statistics. How­ was rapid. production, just as do the outlays for na­ ever, that figure leaves out of account the American indust ry has been accused by tional defense and veteran benefits, and, in­ cost of bringing our imports from Japan to relative inefficiency in relation to the in­ deed all governmental expenditures. this country. Total 1972 imports from Japan dustry in the countries wit h which we suf­ It will therefore be enlightening t o exam­ are shown at $9 billion. If the freight and fer a deficit , other than Canada. Unquest ion­ in e the trend in these outlays. The following marine insurance costs had been added, as ably productivity has risen more rapidly in Table gives the Federal, State and Local out­ they should have been, the deficit would have Japan, West Germany and Italy than in the lays for public social welfare programs over been that much higher. These charges were United States, but they were playing catch- a period of years: FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES UNDER PUBLIC PROGRAMS [In millions of dollars)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1971

Social insurance------4, 947 9, 835 19, 307 28, 123 54, 653 66, 075 Public aid------2, 496 3, 003 4, 101 6, 283 16, 476 21, 819 Health and medicaL------2, 064 3, 103 4, 464 6, 246 9, 568 10, 620 Veterans programs------6, 856 4, 834 5, 429 6, 031 9, 018 10, 420 Education ____ ------______6, 674 11, 167 17, 626 28, 108 50, 332 55, 542 Other social welfare __ ------448 619 1, 139 2, 066 4, 606 5, 305 ------2-3,-50-8------~3~2. ~64~0------~------Total ••• ------52,293 77, 175 145, 350 170, 752

Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1972, Table 451, p. 278. In 1971 the Federal share of the total in 1971, or a doubling of the amount. The those for national defense, do not directly combined expenditures was an estimated $92 two combined {Federal and State and Local) increase the output of goods in our factories, billion or 54.1 %. In 1965 it was 66.4 %. State rose from $77 billion in 1965 to $170 billion mines or from our farms. They therefor~ and Local outlays have risen very rapidly. in 1971. come to rest in our economy as costs that From this table we can see the sharp in­ Expenditures for National Defense and Vet­ must be borne by the goods we do produce. crease in outlays for welfare programs in this erans Benefits also increased during this pe­ country. From 1965 through 1971 the Federal riod, moving upward from $55.3 billion in The next Table will show our expendituers outlay rose from $37 billion to $92 billion, or 1965 to $89.1 billion in 1972. This was an in­ for National Defense and Veteran Benefits, by nearly 150%. State and Local outlays in­ crease of $33.8 billion or 60 %. and their relation to the total Federal budget creased from $39 billion in 1965 to $78 billion Expenditures for welfare programs, like and to the Gross National Product:

DEFENSE EXPENDITURES-NATIONAL DEFENSE AND VETERAN BENEFITS (Dollar amounts in billions)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1972

Total Federal outlays ______------____ ------______------______$43.1 $68. 5 $92.2 $118.4 $196. 8 $236. 6 National defense and veterans benefits ______------____ • ______------_ 21.9 44.6 51.3 55.3 88.9 89. 1 National defense only ______------______------____ • ______.------______• 13.1 40.2 45.9 49.5 80.2 78. 0 Percent of total Federal budget.______------______------______30.4 58. 7 49.8 41.9 40.8 33. 0 Nat!onal defense as percent of gross national producL------4.6 10.2 9.3 7.6 8. 3 7. 2

Source: Statistical Abstract 1972, table 397, p. 248. At the height of the Viet Namese con­ ever, declined to 33 % of the total budget in industries, agriculture and mines. The next flict national defense represented 45% of 1972 and to 7.2 % of the GNP. table will show the gross product of our producing operations as represented by agri­ the total Federal budget and 9. 7% of the It is possible to relate these nonproduc­ culture, mining, contract construction and Gross National Product. The 45 % had, how- tional expenditures to the output of our manufacturing:

GROSS PRODUCT BY INDUSTRY (In billions of dollars)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1971 1972

Agriculture ______•• ______20.8 19. 8 21.7 25.4 30.8 26.5 29. 1 Mining ______.• __ • ______• • ______•••• ___ - ---•• ---._- ---.-• • - ••• ---- •• --. 9. 2 12.3 12. 7 13.5 16. 8} Contract Construction ______.------______12. 7 18.0 54. 2 57. 8 Manufacturing ______• ______• __ • ______22. 7 31.6 45.8 83.8 120.8 144.4 198.5 253.2 223.2 248.3 TotaL ______•• ------. ------·------126.5 170.4 201.5 269.0 346.6 303. 9 335. 2

Source: Statistical Abstract , United States, 1972, table 511, p. 314; "Survey of Current Business," March 1973 , table 7, p. 15. From this table we see an increase in the expenditure for social welfare programs, the $34 billion increase in the indust rial gross product of our producing operations Federal, Stat e and Local, rose by $93 billion sect or. ('72 State and local expenditures not from $269 billion in 1965 to $303 billion in or by 120 %. If the increase in Defense ex­ on hand.) the recession year 1971, or $34 billion. This penditures is added the $93 billion grows to In other words, as a consequence of t hese was an expansion of 12.6 % whereas the $127 billion or nearly four times as much as rising expenditures our indust rial sect or was 14816 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 made to carry an added burden of $127 btl­ on the industrial sector as that much addi­ product of the industrial sector (including lion in 1972 beyond the burden it carried in tional cost of production. 1965. Except for rising productivity and In the next table the cost of our social agriculture, mining and contract construc­ population increase this burden came to rest welfare programs is compared with the gross tion as well as manufacturing):

FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES UNDER PUBLIC PROGRAMS AS PERCENT OF THE GROSS PRODUCT OF INDUSTRY [Dollar amounts in billions)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1971

Gross product of industry·------=------$126.5 $170.9 $201.5 $269.0 $346.6 $303.7 Social welfare expenditures, Federal, and State, and local______25.3 32. ii 52.3 n.l 145.3 170.3 ~~e~~soc~we~re~tlQs~gro~pro~ct~~~~~--~=------~~~~~W~.~o~~~~=1~9=.~1~~~~~2~5=.8~~~~~2=L=9~~~~=4=1=.=9~~~~~5;~=2

Source: Statistical Abstract 1972, table 511, p. 314, p. 278. "Survey of Current Business," March 1973, table 7, p. 13.

Here we merely have an affirmation of what of the industrial sector. This fact of itself to 56.3% in 1971, a veritable doubling in the the previous Tables demonstrated, namely would forecast higher costs of production. proportion. that the social welfare expenditures were From 28.9% of the gross industrial product The following table will show the relation running very fast compared with the growth in 1965 the social welfare expenditures rose of Defense and Veteran outlays to our gross industrial product:

DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, INCLUDING VETERANS BENEFIT AS PERCENT OF GROSS PRODUCT OF INDUSTRY [Dollar amounts in billions)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1972

Source: Statistical Abstract 1972, table 397, p. 248; Survey of Current Business, March 1973, table 7, p. 15.

Our defense and veterans outlay was We next combine defense and veterans .nd compare the combination with the 26.6% of our industrial product in 1972. mtlays with the outlay for social welfare ~ross industrial product.

SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES, FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, PLUS INCLUDING VETERANS' BENEFITS AS PERCENT OF GROSS PRODUCT OF INDUSTRY [Dollar amounts in billions)

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1971

1. Social welfare and defense expenditures______$45.4 $77.2 $103.5 $132.4 $234.2 $259.8 2. Gross product of industfY------~~~~1=26=.=5~~~~=17=0=.=9~~~~2=0=1=.5~~~~=2=6=9.=0~~~~=3 =46=.=6~~~~=3=0=3=.2 Percent line 1 is of line 2------35.9 45.0 51.3 51.0 67.6 85.6

Source : Statistical Abstract, 1972, table 451, p. 278; table 511, p. 314; "Survey of Current Business," March 1973, table 7, p. 13. This table shows the 1971 expenditures for crease of 36%. Output per man-hour in­ ers. The total employment would therefore social welfare, Defense and Veterans bene­ creased from 98.3 in manufacturing in 1965 be 1,500,000 in these two groups. We would fits, to be equal to 85.6 % of the product of to 111.6 in 1971 where 1967 equals 100. This now have 1,500,000 producing what the 1,000,- industry or well over half again as high was a rise of 13.5% and would be expected to 000 produced before, so to speak. The added a proportion as in 1965. Naturally our pro­ retard the increase in production cost at­ 500,000 would not increase the product of duction costs snowballed and our competi­ tributable to wages to that extent. By March the million workers, although there might be tiveness in world markets declined. 1973 the average hourly manufacturing wage some roundabout increase in production These several tables, of course, leave out was $3.97, or still upward, as public expendi­ because of governmental services. These 500,- other public expenditures of our government, tures also continued to rise. The latter, in­ 000 governmental workers, let us assume fur­ Federal and non-Federal. These have also deed, would be expected to generate the ther, would be paid as much per capita as increased. rise in wages. the production workers in industry. Their Total expenditures, Federal, State and EFFECT OF PUBLIC OUTLAYS ON PRODUCTION wages would then be $3.75 bUllion per year. Local, in 1965 were $186.9 billion. In 1971 COSTS This would bring the total wage bill to $11,250 they had risen to $341 billion; and, of course, billion ($7.5 billion plus $3,750 billion). If doubt exists about the effect of public ran to a still higher level in 1972 and will go outlays for non-productional activities, such With the volume of goods remaining the upward yet farther in 1973. The F-ederal ex­ as social welfare and national defense, it same, or virtually so, the cost would rise 50 % , penditures alone in 1972 exceeded those of may help to use an example. Let us say that or more or less, if labor compensation was 1971 by $20 billion and will increase by 1,000,000 are employed at producing all that not to fall behind. This is to say wages must some $35-$40 billion more in 1973, reach­ we eat, wear, live in, move around in, i.e., rise 50 % minus the amount that productivity ing some $268 billion. State and Local ex­ all the consumer goods that we use plus all had increased. There was an actual increase penditures have also increased since 1971. the capital goods needed to produce these in manufacturing wages of 36% (i.e., from These galloping increases were the forerun­ goods; and, again, let us assume that this $2.62 in 1965 to $3.56 per hour in 1971). Pro­ ners of our rising deficits in foreign trade. total employment produces $10 billion worth ductivity, as we saw, had increased 13.5 % . The effect of the outlays on production of such goods. This must be deducted from the 50 % if costs costs should, of course, have been foreseen. Employee compensation, let us say, would were to remain steady. The 50 % would thus The increase in total public expenditures be $7.5 billion. Then let us assume further be reduced to some 36.5% or equal the actual from 1965 to 1971 was $155 billion, or equal that there were no government outlays of any wage rise. (Sources: Stat. Abs., 1972, Table to half the total gross industrial product. A kind. (Actually in 1972 the number of gov­ 361, p. 225; Table 965, p. 585; Survey of Cur­ simplistic but quite correct conclusion would ernmental workers, Federal, State and Local rent Business, December 1965, p. 8-15 and be that wages would rise 1n the order of was 13.29 million. The number employed in March, 1973, p. S-15.) 50% since those who work at production Should governmental employment as as­ carry the burden of the outlay for public manufacturing, agriculture, mining and con­ sumed in the example, continue to rise, employees. As previously noted, however, tract construction was 26.5 million. In other perhaps reaching 1,000,000 workers in a dec­ rising productivity would offset the higher words, government workers number 50% of ade while industrial employment remained costs of production to some extent. those employed in the private industry field.) steady, the public outlay for employees would Average wages in the manufacturing estab­ Now make a switch and assume that along­ be as high as in the private industrial field. lishments did rise from $2.62 per hour in side of the million workers in the field of The total bill for employee compensation July 1965 to $3.56 in 1971. This was an in- production were 500,000 governmental work- would then oe $15 billion, and the goods May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14817 produced would cost twice as much as they culture and mines will find foreign competi­ inner cities to commit their crimes in the would if governmental employment were tion insuperable as long as foreign wages surrounding areas. zero. This is simply to say that a relative continue to lag woefully, thus retarding the As with most statistics. crime figures increase in governmental outlay in relation purchasing power at home that would reduce to the level of production of goods, will also dependence on exports, and as long as foreign are susceptible to manipulation. A much increase the cost of the goods. The relation­ productivity continues to rise !aster than more accurate gage of crime in our ship would approximate our calculation but ours as their technology advances toward our cities are the daily headlines that con­ would vary according to productivity of the level. tinue to bombast us with report.s of vio­ workers in the private production sector. No Realignment of currencies under the cir­ lent crimes and lawlessness. Consider­ precise mathematical relationship should be cumstances should be regarded only as tem­ able controversy surrounds much of the expected. porary expedients, not as long-range remedies. crime reporting, especially in light of the Consumer prices, moreover, rose at a simi­ pressure that police agencies are under lar magnitude, with some time lag as might U our rising public expenditures are to be expected. In 1965 the consumer price in­ continue, import quotas as a means of con­ from bureaucratic funding agencies to dex, where 1967 equals 100, stood at 94.5. In taining the damage that imports in1lict on make federally funded programs look 1971 it had risen to 121.3. From there it con­ our production represent the better instru­ good on paper. Suspensions have been tinued upward to 128.6 in February 1973. ment of regulation. Quotas may be designed raised in several areas of Wlder-reporting The increase in 1971 had been 28.3% over to be both flexible and adjustable in keeping of crime. 1965. By February 1973 it had risen by 36%. with needs and conditions confronting di1Ier­ Pressure from Washington is being This, once more, was in keeping with the ent industries. As a regulatory instrument they are the most manageable and responsive exerted over local law enforcement rise in wages (taking into account the time agencies to an increasing degree. Con­ lag of price increases) and the increase in of the various alternatives. governmental employment, which rose 33%, gress funded and set up the multi-billion­ from 1965 to 1972. While wages had risen dollar, string-pulling bureaucracy called by 50% the accompanying rise in produc­ the Law Enforcement Assistance Admin­ tivity, which was 13.5%, as already noted, RARICK REPORTS TO IllS PEOPLE: istration in 1970. Under political pressure should have retarded the increase in pro­ THE FEDERAL POLICEMAN, SPEAK from the people back home to "do some­ duction cost. (See Stat. Abs., 1972, Table SOFTLY AND CARRY A COMPLI­ thing about rising crime," Congress re­ 565, p. 348, and Sur. of Cur. Bus., March ANCE GUIDELINE sponded with a heavy dose of Federal 1973, p. 8-8). money and Federal control of local police IMPORT COMPETITION HON. JOHN R. RARICK activities. The political impulse always As we !ace import competition increasing seems to be to do something, even if it is OF LOUISIANA costs in this country greatly affect our com­ wrong. Massive expenditures of Federal petitive standing. Inasmuch as employee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES compensation represents from 75% to 80% money has really done little to make our of corporate cost of its product output, any Tuesday, May 8, 1973 street.s any safer from the criminal ele­ factor that increases wages substantially also Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, a month ment that roams them-protected by de­ increases costs substantially unless produc­ or so ago the Federal Bureau of Investi­ facto Supreme Court decisions and LEAA tivity also increases in proportion. The cost gation gave the American public the guidelines that tie the hands of the po­ of government greatly affects production lice. What the :flow of funds from the costs for reasons already set forth. good news that for the first time in 17 years, crime in the United states de­ LEAA has accomplished is to condition The next Table gives the number of em­ local police departments to expect Fed­ ployees 1n the :productional activities of the clined. Even though the drop was slight, private economy and in the government, Fed­ just 3 percent, it was hailed at all levels eral money and to expand their budget.s eral, State and Local: as some sort of major breakthrough in with these additional funds. The money, rather than upgrading law and order to EMPLOYMENT-1965--72 law enforcement. The U.S. Attorney General heralded it "a day we have been combat crime at the local level, has been [In thousands] looking forward to for many years." used as a level to force compliance with Certainly, any reduction in the soaring Washington bureaucratic edict. 1965 1972 crime rate in this coWltry should be wel­ New guidelines continue to handcuil' comed. But if we look a bit more closely police and do nothing related to crime in Agriculture _____ :;-___ :, _____ :;-__-.: 4, 761 3, 472 at the report, there is more cause for the conventional sense. The LEAA Mining______638 607 leadership is more concerned with ex­ Contract construction ______. 3, 178 3, 521 alarm than rejoicing. Manufacturing____ :.______18, 105 18,933 While property crimes, those involving perimenting with theories of social jus­ ------burglary, auto theft and theft of more tice and favorable news report.s than TotaL:: ____ = ------~ 26,682 26, 533 with giving the American people a top­ Government, Federal, State, than $50, did take a slight dip, violent locaL------9, 942 13,290 crimes are still on the rise. Murder was notch, effective police force. According up 4 percent, rape up 11 percent, and to a late edict from LEAA published in Source: (Survey of Current Business, December 1965, pp. assault up 6 percent. Robbery was the the FEDERAL REGISTER, continued funding s-12, 13; March 1973, p. 5-13). only crime of violence that was down of local police programs has nothina to Notable in this Table is the stationary during 1972-and then only 4 percent. do with whether or not the local author­ character of employment in the industrial Crimes that people fear most, violent ities have taken positive action to con­ sector (as assumed in one of our examples) attacks on their physical person, still trol crime or make our streets safe. Now (26,682,000 in 1965 and 26,533,000 in 1972), pose a threat to their safety and well­ our police departments are threatened while public civilian employment increased being. with the cutting off of Federal funds if from 9,942,000 to 13,290,000 in the same The former executive director of the they do not hire short people. period, an increase of 3,348,000 or 33%. The LEAA says now that minimum Public employment, in other words, rose from President's Crime Commission said: 37% of the number employed in the indus­ The real test (in crime reduction) is height requirement used by most depart­ trial sector in 1965 to 50% in 1972. Other whether people in any city feel safer than 1, ments across the country are discrimin­ things being equal production costs should 3 or even 5 years ago. atory in that employment opportunity have risen an average of 50%, subject, to may be denied to many Puerto Ricans, repeat, to the offsetting a.1Iec.; of rising pro­ His conclusion, and the feeling of Mexican Americans, Japanese Ameri­ ductivity. (From 1965-1971 employment in many people across the country, is NO. cans, and women because they are not wholesaling and retailing and in the service People still do not feel it safe to walk tall enough. In the same order, State and industries, such as medical, hotels, laundries, the streets of our cities at night. local law enforcement agencies were in­ motion pictures, etc., increased 24%, thus Another significant part of the FBrs adding further cost burdens). structed to take special steps to recruit 1972 crime picture was that while seri­ minorities to work in jails and prisons CONCLUSION ous criminal activity was going down in The extent to which we are committed to "even if they are located in suburbs or the large metropolitan cities, it was mak­ rural areas where minorities do not live." such high governmental expenditures so long ing gains in the suburbs and in rural will we need restrictions on imports. These The directive did not expla in how this are advantaged by low foreign wages com- areas. Several explanations have been would be accomplished. However, it may pared with our own and by the great rise in offered as to why this is true. be presumed that busing of the new re­ productivity in other industrial countries, One theory is that crime in the cities Cl·uit.s may be ordered to achieve this guided by our technology. When our outlays has simply peaked, and suburbs offer "minority balance" the bureaucrats de­ "for social welfare, defense, etc. rise more richer pickings. Another is that brighter sire. sharply than the foreign we suffer a com­ street lighting and more visible police The nearly $1 billion that the LEAA petitive disadvantage. Our industries, agri- patrols are driving people out of the will dole out to 40,000 federally con- CXIX--935--Part 12 14818 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 trolled police departments, correctional of police services." Not only is the Foun­ J. Edgar Hoover, when he warned institutions and courts across the coun­ dation attempting to recruit "new kinds against Federal control of police. try is moving us toward a nationally con­ of people," but "to develop new selection America has no place, nor does it need a trolled police force. The new breed of systems for police officers, to provide new national police force. Effective law enforce­ Washington oriented policeman has been promotion and lateral entry opportun­ ment is basically a local responsibility. Law­ dubbed the "Fed-Cop". "Un-police" may ities for police administrators." What abiding citizens and local officials should be more appropriate, since much of the vigorously oppose attacks against law en­ this "lateral entry" has meant in Dallas forcement and the devious moves to negate money and e:fiorts are spent on non­ and some other cities that have taken local authorities and replace it with Fed­ police related activities. foundation money and accepted the pro­ eral police power. Our police departments are being used grams, is that outside authorities and so­ for sociological experimentation not only cial scientists have been brought in to Now, more than ever before, our local by the Federal Government, but such make department policy. police need strong support from local progressives as the tax-exempt Ford Dallas police officers are being trained citizens if they are to remain independ­ Foundation are now getting into the act. by "eminently qualified educators" at ent and to carry out the mission of re­ ~n the summer of 1970, the Ford Founda­ SMU under yet another police founda­ taining law and order. tJlon launched the Police Foundation tion grant. Rather than being a police­ If you want to keep yow· local police with a $30 million allocation and a 5- man to enforce laws enacted by the au­ yours-then defend them and cooperate year plan to e:fiect change in existing law thorized legislative body of Texas, the with them fully. Your local police wear enforcement procedures. new Fed-Cops are "visualized as elite a gun so that you do not need to. Since 1971 the Police Foundation has team of diagnosticians, general practi­ spent about $6.6 million in a wide range tioners and specialists who treat social of tax-free foundation-directed pro­ ills" within the community. grams. In the Foundation's progress re­ The foundation experts admit that DR. WLADISLAW KOLAKOWSKI RE­ port called Experiments in Police Im­ "key foundation project personnel can CEIVED THE GRAND CROSS OF provements, the aim of the huge be given regular status within the muni­ THE ELOY ALFARO INTERNA­ amounts of spending is described as de­ cipal civil service, personnel and pension TIONAL FOUNDATION OF THE RE­ veloping "better ways of doing the police systems." This "lateral entry" of non­ PUBLIC OF PANAMA job and to promote police and public law enforcement experts into police SUJ>port of those ideas and practice." So, ranks in upper management positions is HON. LESTER L. WOLFF not only is the FGrd Foundation money supposed to free the cop on the beat to OF NEW YORK going to experiment with ways to change do a more e:fiective job of enforcing the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the present system of police activity, it laws. More police will be in the field while is also being spent as a public relations the unexperienced experts carry out pol­ Tuesday, May 8, 1973 tool to lobby for implementing those ex­ icy and guidelines from the Police Foun­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, one of my periments into law. dation and the taxpayers subsidized Law constituents, Dr. Wladislaw Kolakowski, For the Ford Foundation to get into Enforcement Assistance Administration. editor and publisher of the "Copernicus the area of "improving" police activities But, rather than being allowed and Portfolio," celebrating the 500th anni­ is in itself a paradox. It looks as if now encouraged to do the job that the citizens versary of the birth of Nicolaus Coper­ the Ford Foundation is working both expect from the police, the new un­ nicus, has been honored by the Eloy Al­ sides of the law and order street. In the policeman is pressed into playing the role faro International Foundation of the Re­ past, tax-free money from this Founda­ of social worker and public apologist to public of Panama, with the top honor­ tion has found its way into the bank the lawbreaker. Public attitudes must be the Grand Cross and Diploma, "in rec­ accounts of a number of radical groups changed before the new Fed-Cop is fully ognition of his outstanding contlibution whose subversive activities have been accepted, the Police Foundation admits. to mankind in the field of science and directed against the police to ev-ade law It is presently spending some more of humanities, in keeping with the aims, and order. The same source of money its tax-exempt money to look for some ideals, principles and purposes of the that financed street demonstrations and system of new measures which can sub­ Eloy Alfaro Inte1national Foundation of the anti-police activities of the last few stantially change police and public ideas the Republic of Panama." years, is now being used for the an­ about what good police performance is. Among the group of distinguished in­ nounced purpose of funding better law Reducing the rising rate of violent dividuals who have been similarly hon­ and order techniques. Rather than im­ crimes in this country is evidently not ored in the past are: former Presidents plementing the public's dem-and for accepted as a proper measurement. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, sterner law enforcement, the programs "Experiments in Police Improvements" Dwight D. Eisenhower, Vice President of the Police Founda-tion are aimed at admits that the Police Foundation "is SPIRO AGNEW, Senator HUMPHREY, Gover­ liberal changes which are of questionable now trying to develop formal alterna­ nor Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor Har­ value. tives to arrest, booking and prosecution" riman, Senators MANSFIELD, J. WILLIAM The Ford Foundation's sta:fi has been of lawbreakers. What the foundation is FULBRIGHT, SYMINGTON, President Ken­ nosing around over 100 major police and attempting is to deceive the public into nedy, President Nixon, President TrU- sheri:fi's departments with seed money believing that black is white and that . man, who typify the caliber of those in­ in hand. And a number of departments crime is being curbed by not arresting dividuals holding this high honor. have taken the bait. But as with Federal those who commit the crimes. I, too, was honored by the Eloy Alfaro money, tax-free Foundation money also What federally controlled police pro­ International Foundation in Washing­ carries with it strings of control. grams, as well as those dictated by foun­ ton, D.C., with the former Speaker, Mr. In many of the cities which have ac­ dations, boils down to is that our police McCormack making the investiture, sev­ cepted Police Foundation money, ad­ are expected to be a nonfighter of crime eral years ago. visors and controls, the local police offi­ Dr. Kolakowski is actively participat­ at a time when law enforcement by the ing in the quincentennial observances. cers have assumed more the role of social courts is at an all time high in permis­ engineer and tour director with their As chairman of the Copernicus Portfolio siveness. ow· police are being told to Committee, he has prepared historical activities directed by college professors "speak softly and carry a big law book." and other "eminently qualified educa­ documentation to enable all levels of our In fact, it has been suggested by ex­ society to enjoy and understand the tors." One "police recruitment of new perts that if we abolish the crimes there kinds of people: women, non-law en­ achievements of Nicolaus Copernicus. will be no criminals. This wa:· the police The Portfolio presently consists of six forcement college graduates, minorities can show a crime reduction. and civilian professionals and techni­ lithographs, beautifully and artistically cians." Management experts and psy­ Police power under the Constitution, done. The contribution of Copernicus to chologists are becoming the new proto­ with rare exception, has historically been our space exploration and scientific ac­ type of the Un-Police. reserved for the State and local gov­ complishments cannot be overestimated, Department management by people ernments under the guardian eye of the a.nd the recognition being given to this trained in law enforcement work is being local citizen where it should be. I am pioneer, the father of modern science, is criticized as "undermining both the qual­ reminded of a statement made a num­ reflected in these art work. ity of police forces and their delivery ber of years ago by former FBI Director The Copernicus Portfolio had its be- May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14819 ginning in the National Shrine of our metro:politan area. KNXT's editorial doing, promote the qualities of nation­ Lady O:f Czestochowa, Pauline Patbers, screened on April28 and 29 :follows: hood-courage and justice--which Israel Iron Hill and Ferry Road, Doylestown, YEAR-RoUND DAYLIGHT SAVING T'IME embodies. Pa., where Dr. Wladislaw Kolakowski re­ (Broadcast: Apri128 and 29, 1973) Time, I think, is on Israel's side. So ceived encouragement and inspiration Tonigllt, we will a.n turn our clocks a.head long as the spirit which created the Jew­ from Very Reverend Michael M. Zem­ one hoUl' a.nd go on daylight saving time. In ish state endures, Israel will serve as a brzuski, O.S.P. Vicar General-Director, other wol'ds, if you go to bed a.t midnight, homeland to Jew and non-Jew alike. who was then in charge of national be sure to set your clock. to 1 AM. But whe:re Copernicus activities. was daylight saving when we needed it a.U The Copernicus Portfolio has been winte:r? During the past few months, while a. ma­ THE ATLANTIC UNION RESOLUTION given distinguished acknowledgements jor ene:rgy crisis began to develop, we had from such personages as President Nixon, to turn our lights on an hour ea.:rly in the Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of evening, because we did not have daylight the United Nations, and ha.s 1·eceived an saving time. When days were short, we bat­ HON. PHILIP . CRANE Apostolic Blessing from Pope Paulus VI. tled traffic going home after dark, instead OF n.LINOIS of doing it mol'e safely in daylight. The Trade Mark insignia "Quincen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tennial of Copernicus 1473-1973" for the Purthermore, twice a. year we have to go through this confusion of "spring behind, Tuesday, May 8, 1973 project Copernicus Portfolio, originated fall a.head"-or whatever the slogan is that by Dr. W. Kolakowski, was adopted in tells us which way to reset a.ll the clocks in Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, Virginia the form of a stylized globe of the world the house. Czuba, a senior at Maria High School on which is superimposed the face of Congressman Craig Hosmer and more than in Chicago, ID., participated in the Wash­ Nicolaus Copeinicus, to signify the in­ two dozen others in the House a.re sponsor­ ington workshops program last month. :tluence of Copernicus on the world. The ing a. bill to establish yea.r-round saving time, As part of her assignment, she researched theme of the insignia will be recurrent a.nd it's a. good idea.. the question of the Atlantic Union reso­ H06Iner said it would reduce crime, reduce throughout the entire project of the traffic accidents, save electricity and fuel, lution. Students of today, recognizing Copernicus Portfolio. a.nd give us more time for outdoor recrea­ that they will be the leaders of tomor­ Dr. Wladislaw Kolakowski, born in tion. That's a. lot of benefit for a. relatively row, have a keen interest in decisions Baltimore, Md. holds honorary degrees easy change. All we have to do is set the which will atiect the future of our coun­ from London College of Applied Science, clock ahead a.n hour and leave it there a.U try and the world. I am pleased to share doctor of business administration; Shef­ year round. with the Members this very interesting field University, London, doctor of econ­ This is a.n idea. long talked about. Maybe and impressive report by a talented omy; University Degli Studi "CD," Rome, now the energy crisis will help bring lt to life. It can happen if you let your Congress­ young student: consular degree. He is a professional man know that you support daylight saving THE ATLANTIC UNION RESOLUTION philatelist, member of the leading a.ll year long. (By Virginia. Czuba) philatelic societies, has published over The Atlantic Union Resolution is the latest 100 works, received the Bronze Medal for in a. series of attempts to form a. single his "Groszy Overprints" research book world government. Many early sovereigns, in 1956 at the International Philatelic TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF among whom a.re Caesar Augustus, Alex­ Exhibition in Literature in New York. He ISRAEL ander the Great, a.nd Napoleon Bonaparte, is a member of the United Nations Asso­ sought conquest of other nations a.nd acqui­ ciation, a Consul, Knights of Malta, re­ sition o:r a. single world-encompassing em­ pire. The idea. developed through time into ceived the C.I.S.C.A.-Intemationa.l HON. THO~ M. REES Guild of the Star and Silver Cross­ colonization and imperialism. Yet once the OF CALIFORNIA world became totally known to man, the idea Grand Cross with four stars from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES la.y fallow. Pope Jolm XXlii, and for his work on A new awareness of the one-world con­ the Copernicus Portfolio, was awarded an Tuesday, May 8, 1973 cept was brought about by President Wood­ honomry doctor of fine art degree from Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, I would like row Wilson. President Wilson advocated a. Marconi University in Italy. Alliance League of Nations to preserve post-World to take this time to add my sentiments Wa.r I peace. However, critics in the Senate College, Cambridge Springs, Pa., present of joy to those expressed on the occasion location of the National Copernicus prevented United States participation, and of the 25th anniversary of the State of the League, possessing only nominal juris­ Committee, has endorsed the Copernicus Israel. diction, collapsed. Portfolio in its February 1973 issue of Israel today is a nation which exem­ But other Americans carried forth the idea Copernicus Newsletter, a.s follows: plifies its creation, born of the same o! a world union. Wendell Wilkie, in 1943, The value a.nd importance of the Coper­ spirit which has kept alive the Jewish wrote One World, a. ringing declaration of the nicus Portfolio Is inestimable as a. visual rec­ need !or international cooperation and un­ ord for future generations, o! the progress of people. Oppression has, rather than di­ derstanding. Though the book was a. best­ our times. Descriptive illustrations recording minishing the Jew's will to survive, seller, the United States was involved Jn important events of the past, present a.nd strengthened it and fostered the spirit World Wa.r II, a.nd neither time nor funds knowledgeable predictions making up the of nationhood. It is a spirit of independ­ were available to develop such a.n idea.. He Copernicus Portfolio will be released from ence, graced by a love of learning and a continued to fight for his theory, and suc­ time to time a.t irregular intervals, closing respect for history. This spirit has built ceeded in coercing the Republicans to pub­ the era. of 600 years, on January 1, 1974. a nation and produced leaders and schol­ licly support a. postwar peace organization. ars equal to the task of guiding it. While Willkie sa.w partial fulfillment o! this dream when World War II ended in August, 25 years is but a moment in the scope of 1945. The United Nations was formed to pre­ MORE SUPPORT FOR ALL-YEAR Jewish history, these :past two and a half serve international peace a.nd security a.nd DAYLIGHT TIME decades have seen the fulfillment of the to provide a. forum for diplomatic discus­ Biblical injunction, "Next year in Jeru­ sions. One of the component parts, the Inter­ salem." national Court of Justice, was planned to Yet the Israeli experience is still an settle disputes between member nations. But HON. CRAIG HOSMER experiment in nationhood. Seldom has the UN could not singleha.ndedly stop Soviet OF CALIFORNIA Russia's desire for more land. The European a country asked so little from the com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nations watched with increasing a.la.nn as munity of nations and been so dependent the Soviet Union expanded westward into Tuesday, May 8, 1973 upon its own human and material re­ Europe. They sought to block this expansion Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I am sources of support; and never, in the in a. wa.y more definite than a.ny that the pleased to share with the membership history of mankind, has its success been United Nations could provide. Thus, the the following support for what is com­ so pronounced. North European nations a.nd the United Mr. Speaker, I think we, through our States and Canada. met in April, 1949, a.nd ing to be known as "Enlightened Time." signed the North Atlantic Treaty, forming It is an year daylight saving time, the actions of support for the State of Israel, NATO. subject of editorial support by KNXT can insure that the experiment of the The NATO Treaty reaffirms the Charter of which serves the Los Angeles-Long Beach past 25 years will continue, and in so the United Nations, but advances to unite 14820 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 the North Atlantic nations in a closer eco­ ment. This stipulation rules out all those is that the decisions of the Union would be nomic and military unit. The Treaty's focal nations which are democratic in name but binding upon ALL members, regardless of point is the defense of the 16 member na­ oligarchic in form. their previous policies. This takes away a tions. (This number has since been reduced Federal principles means that each nation very large part of the nation's autonomy, a to 14.) The Treaty states the particular rea­ must be willing to give up a certain amount part that most nations are unwilling to part son for the Organization in Article 5: of its sovereignty in order to cooperate in with. "The parties agree that an armed attack the proposed parliamentary government. Finally, Frelinghuysen charges that the against one or more of them in Europe shall Each government would be subject to the appointment of the delegates by the three be considered an attack against them all." laws and decisions of the Union government, top government officials cast a semi-official As a demonstration of their close affiliation and would be represented in the Union in aura about the delegation. In that way, the with the UN, the NATO members agreed to much the same way as the dual-House gov­ delegation loses its spontaniety, its fiexibility, proceed to the UN Security Council and let ernment of the US. and becomes another hindrance to the Con­ it decide upon the action to be taken. Representative Findley (R.-Ill.), along with vention. In order for the delegation to prop­ NATO is also an attempt at "economic the other supporters of the Union, view the erly perform its duties, the members must be collaboration" .1 It hopes to open free trade Resolution as the solution to many prob­ able to follow their own convictions. routes between the member nations, and lems. Economic instabiilty plagues most of Mr. Derwinski supplies a workable solution provide stability to the currencies of each. the Atlantic nations; Communism continues to the crises in our peace organizations. He In addition, the Treaty provides for the es­ to spread; nuclear arms increase in number wrote a series of recommendations for the tablishment of a NATO Council to guaran­ on the Sino-Soviet frontier. Nothing can be Foreign Affairs Committee (House) while tee the execution and enforcement of every done about these problems by either the serving as one of the members of the United point in the Treaty. UN or NATO because they lack the binding Nations delegation from Sept. 22 to Dec. 21, As the world progressed through the 50's force necessary to impose decisions on mem­ 1972. Among the most worthy of mention and into the 60's, the industrial nations of ber nations. here are: the free world desired additional economic Mr. Findley and his followers contend that "1. (It is recommended) that the United stability. The Common Market experiment the Atlantic Union will provide that missing States press within the United Nations sys­ was conducted by 6 European powers in 1957, force, and will increase the total strength and tem for administrative and financial reform, and the result became known as the Euro­ effectiveness of the world democracies. They including measures to speed the activities pean Economic Community. (Their number do not feel that there will be any friction of the General Assembly. has since increased to 10.) The purpose of between the United States and Europe. In 2. The Department of State end its exces­ the EEC, or Common Market as it is gen­ fact, they contend that: sive control of the U.S. Mission to the United erally referred to, is to provide for an in­ "(the Europeans) recognize full well that Nations thereby giving the U.S. Representa­ creased, stable economy by opening all Euro­ our presence in Europe is a very important tive, the delegates, and the staff the fiexibility pean markets to all European goods. This has stabilizing factor in the relationships be­ to more effectively implement U.S. policy in easily been accomplished by the removal ot tween East and West." 2 the United Nations. When instructions are all intra-Market commercial barriers. They also are of the opinion that the com­ transmitted the Department should insure The Organization for Economic Coopera­ bined economies of the industrial nations of that such instructions are fully coordinated tion and Development (OECD) strove for North America and Europe will stabilize the within the bureaucracy. goals similar to those of the EEC, but the world's economy. The total assets in gold of 3. The Department of State should take OECD was primarily established in the in­ the Union would equal $27.9 billion, while positive action which is clearly necessary to terest of expanded industry. Formed in 1961, the foreign claims on Union gold would be end the comparative isolation of the U.S. it is an attempt by the free-world industrial reduced to $20.7 billion. The intra-Union Mission to the United Nations from the pol­ nations to raise economic growth, rate of trade and the combined gold reserves would icymaking machinery of the Department of employment, and standards of living to the greatly reduce the foreign claims upon the State. A beginning could be made by requir­ highest levels possible. members' gold supplies. Thus, the probability ing the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter­ During the post-World War II years, the of a world-wide depression would be greatly national Organization Affairs to be present in United States Congress became increasingly reduced.a New York during the entire session of the aware of the strong economic, cultural, and Regarding the Sino-Soviet nuclear buildup, General Assembly. This is his major respon­ democratic ties .:>etween the European na­ supporters of the Union contend that the sibility ...",. tions and the United States. These ties cov­ combined democracies would constitute a In my opinion, the idea of an Atlantic ered areas above and beyond the com­ very definite check on the two Communist Union has some merit and deserves further monalities of either the UN or NATO. powers. They agree that the combined nu­ consideration-in about 15 more years. It Clarence K. Streit, aware of the criticism clear strength of the proposed Union mem­ seems that no country is ready to surrender that the UN was receiving as early as 1948, bers is considerable, and that the two powers precious self-government at this time, and proposed the Union of Atlantic nations into are unwilling to tangle with a third, possibly will not be for some time. one supra-national government. As both the stronger government. It appalls me to think that no considera­ UN and NATO seemed to be losing their Peter H. Frelinghuysen (R., N.J.) and Ed­ tion has been given to the opinions of the binding force and power, proponents of the ward J. Derwinski (R., Dl.) lead the House nations other than those in Europe and Atlantic Resolution kept it alive in Congress. fight a.gainst the Resolution. Along with North America. For example, how do the As Clarence Streit moved on to become other members, they argue that the proposal newly independent African nations feel the founder of the International Movement should not even be considered at this time. about the monopoly on the world's wealth for Atlantic Union, the new Representative Their arguments foliow. which will come about as a result of tbe from Dlinois succeeded him. In 1960, Paul Firstly, the nationalism in Europe is too Union? Has any provision been made to set­ Findley began championing the Atlantic strong to allow the transference of loyalties tle conflicting treaties within the Union? Union cause, and continues to do so even from the national to the supranational gov­ What about the UN? Will it become a puppet at the present time. ernment. This is quite evident in DeGaulle's to the Union, inasmuch as the Union will The Resolution, which has appeared in any withdrawal of French troops from NATO in have 15 votes? And, finally, is the Union itself number of instances during any one year, 1966. If France could not even feel a sense a direct challenge to the authority of the UN? authorizes the creation of an Atlantic Union of loyalty to NATO, how could she be ex­ I don't think that these questions are delegation. The 18-member delegation is to pected to freely surrender even more of her easily answered, nor are they easily ignored. be chosen by the President, the President of sovereignty to the Union government. I think that before any more proposals on the Senate, and the Speaker of the House, Secondly. the United States is greeted with the Atlantic Union are brought before the each man choosing six. There is to be no suspicion in the European community. The Congress, these questions Must be answered. official instruction given to any delegate, in European nations feel that joining in an BmLIOGRAPHY order to provide fiexibility to the convention. organization with the United States is like Frelinghuysen, Peter H., Remarks prepared These delegates will meet with similar dele­ asking for political and economic subservi­ for fioor debate to be presented on April 10, gations in an Atlantic Convention, designed ence. They fear that the U.S. will take away 1973. to explore the possibilities of such a Union. their European markets and decrease their Mian, Pauline A., Historical Sketch of the This Union would take the place of NATO, economic status. Atlantic Convention of 1962, September 30, and would be founded on basic Federal A second argument against the Resolution 1970. principles. OECD, OECD-History-Aims-Structure, June At this time, the Resolution needs further 2 GeorgeS. Springsteen, Deputy Ass't. Sec'y. 1971. clarification. The member nations must have of State, appearing before the House Foreign Committee reports two prerequisites: 1) They must recognize Affairs Committee, Sept. 22, 1972. 1. 86th Congress, S.J. Res. 170 Sept. 7, 1960. the inherent individual liberties of each of a At the present time, the world claims their citizens. This is an assurance that the upon US gold total $46 billion, while US 2. 87th Congress, 2nd session Doc. no. 433, nations involved are acting in the interest reserves total only $10.9 billion. Thus, the United States Citizens Commission on NATO, of the citizens and not as a satiation of their instability rate is 4.2:1, with an even 1:1 June 18, 1962. desire for more power or territory. 2) They being stable. It is evident, therefore, that 3. 89th Congress, 2nd session S. Con. Res. must have a parliamentary form of govern- unless something is done to alleviate the present U.S. financial strain, the nation wlll !l Edward J. Derwinski, Report 76-079, May 1 North Atlantic Treaty, Article 2. be plunged into another depression. 31, 1972. May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14821 64 & s. Res. 128, March 23 & 24, 1966 (Foreign Indeed, the Democratic defeat can serve as was a moderate proposal,'' recalls one dis­ Relations-International Affairs Subcommit­ a case study of how intramural wrangling tressed Democrat. tee Report) and weak leadership can sometimes turn cer­ This version got through the banking 4. 90th Congress, 2nd session Report no. tain victory into sharp defeat. Responsibility panel, but immediately ran into a roadblock 1656, July 9, 1968. in this case must rest on the strife-ridden at the more conservative Rules Committee, 5. 92nd Congress, 2nd session H. Res. 109, House Banking Committee, which managed which must clear all legislation for House The 26th Annual Meeting of the UN General to turn the legislation into a political lia­ action. Typically, the Democratic response Assembly, May 31, 1972. bility, and House Speaker Carl Albert, who was to quickly improvise a patchwork sub­ 6. 92nd Congress, 2nd session Report failed to lead effectively. stitute that rolled back most prices and non­ 92-1255 October 2, 1972 "Carl Albert was more concerned about market interest rates to March 16 levels. This 7. 93rd Congress, 1st session Report 93-102 getting votes for extending the west front of cleared the Rules Committee, but by this March 25, 1973. the Capitol than with the controls bill," says time the whole situation was in shambles. one bitter House Democrat. "That's real "You have to be very sensitive when you priorities for you." start to formulate important legislation like "We never dreamed the Democrats could this," notes Rep. Thomas Ashley (D., Ohio) , pull us through by fouling up so badly," a senior member of the banking panel. "When HOUSE BUNGLED PRICE CONTROLS confesses one administration official. things start to go wrong, there tends to be a Initially, the controls legislation seemed snowball effect. By the time we got this bill tailor-made for White House foes in Congress, to the floor the damage was irreparable." HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Phase 3 plainly wasn't working and the pub­ One of these insensitivities was the abso­ OF MASSACHUSETTS lic clamor for tougher controls was growing lute exclusion of Republicans all along the by the day. The legislation would be con­ way, even though a number of moderate and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sidered right in the middle of the highly vis­ liberal GOP lawmakers favored a tough con­ Tuesday, May 8, 1973 ible consumer meat boycott, and at a time trols bill. These Republicans played almost when wholesale prices registered their most no role in the Banking Committee's deliber­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, on shocking rise in over 22 years. ations, and only at the last minute were they April 16, the House of Representatives The Nixon administration's own lobbyists informed of the substitute bill before the had the opportunity to mandate effective were bringing back ever more gloomy news Rules Committee. "We were never given a price controls when we considered the to their downtown bosses. The Senate had chance to vote for a viable alternative to Economic Stabilization Act. Instead, we passed a. bill imposing some mandatory rent Phase 3,'' complains Rep. Margaret Heckler controls, and inflation was heating up even (R., Mass.). passed a straight extension of the Presi­ more as the House took up the measure. As a result, in an almost unprecedented dent's authority to implement an eco­ "Realistically, we had given up on our simple show of unanimity, all House Republicans nomic stabilization program. extension," recalls one administration lobby­ teamed up with a number of disgusted The wholesale price index rose by al­ ist. "Most of us felt the House was going to do Democrats to defeat the substitute in a pro­ most 25 percent on an annual basis in something horrendous that would make the cedural vote and pave the way for the simple March, and the President has thus far Senate bill look great in comparison." extension the President sought. refused to take the actions tha;t will be Even Wilbur Mills, probably the shrewdest While the Banking Committee clearly mis­ required to get this significant problem analyst of congressional sentiment, flatly pre­ handled the legislation, the House Demo­ dicted the House would approve severe price cratic leadership did little to straighten under control. rollbacks and a freeze. When the House Bank­ things out. Although Speaker Albert and his In a situation like this, it might be a ing Commttee held hearings last month, cohorts said all along that the controls meas­ good idea for us all to pause and consider most of its Democrats agreed on a. bill that ure was a "priority" item for Democrats, the the reasons for our failure to pass the would roll back prices and interest rates to leadership permitted the situation to steadily legislation the consumers and workers of March 16 levels, then impose those levels as deteriorate. this country need and want. ceilings. Almost half the committee's Repub­ When House leaders finally did step in to Mr. Albert Hunt recently had an ar­ licans also were anxious to approve a. tough try and correct the foulups, they vacillated ticle in the Wall Street Journal outlining bill. back and forth between different strategies, The bill, as drawn up by committee Demo­ ignoring the substance of any legislation. what actually happened within the walls crats, had its share of problems. First, the "The leadership has always let the commit­ of the Congress, writing in detail about freeze was to be of indefinite duration, and tees handles these things and they just can't events with which few of our constituents could be lifted by the President, on a. case­ break this cord," complains Rep. Thomas are familiar. I insert that article in the by-case basis, only when he found it was Rees (D., Calif.). RECORD at this time, both for my col­ causing "gross inequities." Then too, as orig­ It may be argued that Congress simply leagues, and for any constituents who inally written, the measure seemed likely to can't legislate effectively in an area so com­ may be interested. cause political and economic difficulties by plex as specific controls covering the whole including raw agricultural products and even economy. If so, the leadership shouldn't have The article follows: market interest rates in the rollback. Further, encouraged such a bill in the first place. In HOW THE DEMOCRATS BUNGLED THE PRICE the legislation encroached on the jurisdiction any event, once the legislative process begins, ROLLBACK of other congressional committees in setting and a committee proves itself unable to deal (By Albert R. Hunt) up a vast consumer counsel office and moving with the complexities involved, then the WASHINGTON .--On March 28, Cost of Living to regulate credit for commodity futures function of effective leadership should be to Council Director John Dunlop spent an un­ trading. straighten matters out. comfortable morning with House Banking Despite all this, the legislation was given a. But that isn't the way it worked this time, Committee Republicans. They told him that fair chance of making it through the House­ which points out a. much bigger problem. Phase 3 was in deep political trouble, that until the committee actually started to write Earlier in this session, the House Democratic Congress was itching to legislate tougher the bill in public session. This, in an uproar­ leadership received deserved credit for push­ price controls and that the administration ious session, some committee members ing through important procedural changes, seemed headed for a certain political defeat started competing to see who could sound which were intended to promote a more ef­ in the House. and act the toughest in going after the fective and responsive House. But these lead­ Michigan's Garry Brown, one of the Con­ "price gougers." ers still lack any real program, even in such gressmen present, remembers the admoni­ The clear winner was Chicago Democrat a gut Democratic area as economic controls. tions. "We generally told him the administra­ Frank Annunzio, who proposed rolling back As long as this is true, the White House tion's request for a simple extension of all food prices to May 1, 1972, levels. With will continue to win most of its battles with wage-price control authority was dead," he support from a. few conservative Republicans the Democratic Congress. With opponents recalls. anxious to kill the bill, and urban Democrats like this, it's tough to lose. Three weeks later, however, the simple ex­ fE'arful of consumer protests. the panel ap­ tension of the Economic Stabilization Act re­ proved this measure 23 to 11. Nobody was quested by the administration, sailed through more surprised than Mr. Annunzio. "I never the House unscathed. All Democratic efforts would have offered it, if I thought it would CONGRATULATING THE STATE OF to impose price ceilings and rollbacks, and carry," he later admitted. ISRAEL ON ITS 25TH ANNIVERSARY to otherwise toughen up the controls pro­ At this point, the House Democratic lead­ gram were defeated overwhelmingly. ership stepped in. Real1z1llg that such a The most common explanation for this severe measure never could pass the floor, Mr. HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. surprising turnabout is that the House caved OF FLORIDA in to the business lobbyists who swarmed Albert and others worked feverishly overnight over Capitol Hill. And lobbying certainly was with some committee members to repair the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a key factor. But even more important was damage. The next day tne Democrats en­ Tuesday, May 8, 1973 the bungling of the House Democrats. With­ dorsed a. proposal which "only" rolled back out their political ineptitude, it's doubtful all prlces and interest rates to levels prevail­ Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I join my col­ the administration could ever have won its ing Jan. 10, the last day of Phase 2. "In that leagues in congratulating the State of victory. emotional atmosphere, we really believed this Israel on its 25th anniversary. 14822 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 Israel and its people represent a mi­ Ohio River, Beargrass Creek, Broadway and the agency seeks to meet it or to help a per­ crocosm of the world, a representation Jackson, which includes Butchertown. son establish contact with some agency of man's basic desire to live in freedom In recent months transportation has be­ which helps in the situation. come a real need for older citizens, whom the The 70th anniversary program Sunday, and the century-long struggle by the agency did not serve so much in earlier years beginning at 3 p.m., at Wesley Community Jewish people to overcome all obstacles as it does now. House, will center on the programs and serv­ to achieve that freedom should stand The neighborhood supermarket closed, ices offered. as a symbol to all mankind. Miss Mandlebaum said, which left senior "We are still interested in helping people It is refreshing, indeed, inspiring to citizens wit hout a place to shop, and the area beoome better citizens," Miss Mandlebaum know that after these many years of has no drugstore. So the agency began run­ said. overcoming tremendous odds, the State ning a bus twice a month for groceries and of Israel is achieving its goal of free­ medical supplies for senior citizens. dom of religion and freedom to pursue To help keep some youngsters in Woerner THE RETURNING VIETNAM Junior High School, 1418 Morton, the agency VETERANS a free and peaceful life. has arranged for a small bus to transport The Jewish people have paid tre­ between eight and 15 youngsters to school mendous personal costs in their efforts to for the past five months. achieve a life with dignity and if Israel When Wesley Community House was HON. JAMES J. HOWARD can do this as a small nation surely we started in 1903 by the Board of City Mis­ OF NEW JERSEY can do likewise. sions of the Methodist Women's Home Mis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The success and freedom of the State sion Society of the Louisville Conference, it of Israel and its efforts to insure an even was a missionary-type settlement for the im­ Tuesday, May 8, 1973 mediate neighborhood, but today people better life for its people should be an come from all over. Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker. the inspiration and example to us all. "Many come for the fun of coming" and March 1973 edition of the United Meth­ participating in the social, recreational, cul­ odist Relay, the official publication of tural and educational activities offered by the United Methodist Church's New Jer­ the agency, Miss Mandlebaum sa.td. In 1973, sey area featured a most informative WESLEY COMMUNITY HOUSE there are 2,000 members-male and female­ article concerning our esteemed ~ol­ CELEBRATE 70TH ANNIVERSARY from all over Jefferson County, ranging in league, DOMINICK V. DANIELS Of the 14th age from infants to senior citizens. And the agency, she said, believes in "cross­ District of New Jersey and a speech he HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI ing all kinds of lines-economic, social, cul­ gave on Sunday, February 11 at the Trin­ OF KENTUCKY tural and racial." ity United Methodist Church of Jersey IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There are about 120 volunteers with diverse City on the subject of the returning Viet­ backgrounds coming each week to teach nam veteran. All of us know that Mr. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 crafts to senior citizens, to provide trans­ DANIELS has played a leading role in pro­ portation for senior citizens, to work with grams designed to benefit Vietnam era Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, it is with boys and girls, to help fill whatever need a special Eense of pride that I call the there is. veterans and as chairman of the Select attention of the membership to the 70th In addition to the volunteers, there are 35 Labor Subcommittee he had written spe­ annivereary of the Wesley Community full-time staff members and 19 part-time cial provisions into his manpower bill for House in Louisville, Ky. staff members. And three of the staff mem­ these veterans. Through its many years of service to bers live at Wesley Community House, which His views are so valuable that I ask the Louisville community, the Wesley Miss Mandelbaum thinks is probably the that article alluded to be inserted follow­ only resident settlement in this part of the ing my remarks. I know that all Members Community House has made a unique country now. Four other staff members live and valuable contribution to the quality in the immediate community. of this House will find Mr. DANIELS' views of life of all the individuals with whom Still funded in part by the United Meth­ of interest. it has worked. odist Church, the agency now receives more The article follows: Whether it be in the areas of trans­ than 65 per cent of its funds from Metro HON. DOMINICK DANIELS SPEAKS AT TRINITY portation, housing, day care or recrea­ United Way. It also receives money from dues ON RETURNING GI's tional activities, this community house and fees which are paid, if a person can NNJ.-On Sunday morning, Feb. 11, the has earned a reputation for service and afford to pay. congregation of Trinity Church, Jersey City, The 1973 general budget, Miss Mandelbaum welcomed to its service the Hon. Dominick assistance to whomever was in need of its said, is $166,041. In addition, the agency has facilities. Daniels, local congressional representative. a budget of $94,352 for its day care center, Mr. Daniels came in response to the invit a­ Mr. Speaker, I ask that the article on which was begun in 1965 and which is fund­ tion of the Rev. David A. Winslow, the min­ the Wesley Community House which ap­ ed largely through Metro United Way and ister. peared in the April 27 issue of the Louis­ Community Coordinated Child Care of Louis­ Rep. Daniels chose the day before the re­ ville Courier-Journal be printed at this ville and Jefferson County. lease of the first American POW's to discuss point in the RECORD. Wesley Community House also receives a what the Vietnam war had meant to the The article follows: $35,000 grant through the Kentucky Crime United States in human terms. He pointed Commission to operate a group home at 817 out that the plight of the returning G.I. is WESLEY CoMMUNITY HousE To MARK 70TH E. Main. ANNIVERSARY one of the most difficult of this century. After Last year 354 campers used the facilities at other wars, the soldiers were welcomed home (By Yvonne Eaton) Camp Merry Ledges, near Corydon, Ind., with parades and aid. But many of these men When Wesley Community House marks its which the agency opened in 1956. come home with no marketable skills, few 70th a!lniversary with a special program Sun­ Since 1947 Wesley Community House has manpower training programs, and to public day, those attending may find that the needs also had an extension program in a nearby apathy about the war, or open hostllity to it. of the community have changed throughout neighborhood, and since 1950 this program Soldiers suffer from l>oth Doves and Hawks. the years but the house's basic purpose has has been conducted at Grace Immanuel The Hawks resent the fact that the war was not. United Church of Christ at 1612 Story Ave. fought too weakly; The Doves react against "Trite as it may seem," Wesley House's One of the agency's earliest organizations­ the soldiers because they represent the war purpose, said Miss Helen Mandlebaum, di­ the mothers club which began about 1905- visibly. rector, "is helping people help themselves­ is still in existence. The Congressman pointed out that 500,000 just being available" to help them. Not only have the programs expanded G.I.'s have returned with a drug abuse prob­ Miss Mandlebaum, who has been with the throughout the 70 years at Wesley Com­ lem, and 200,000 have returned severely dis­ agency since 1938 and has served as director munity House, but so have the facllities. abled. This latter figure is higher than in pre­ for 15 years, recalled that in earlier years By 1907 the agency moved from 834 E. vious wars because medical care was swifter there was much emphasis on cooking and Jefferson to larger quarters at 809 E. Main, and closer in many cases, saving lives, but sewing, but "today anybody can bake a cake and then to its present location in 1925 where unable to save maimed limbs. out of a package." a gymnasium was built in 1928. In 1952, prop­ Only 20 per cent of the returnees, he said, Today, housing in the community is a erty directly behind Wesley House, on Shelby are presently using the G.I. bill educational concern of the agency. Miss Mandlebaum and Franklin, was given to the settlement opportunities, as compared with 50 per cent said that Wesley Community House, 801-809 for a playground. in previous wars. Daniels pointed out that E. Washington, works closely with Butcher­ In the earliest years the main emphasis this, together with the generally poor skills town, Inc., for better housing. was on work with women and children, al­ held by the G.I.'s is making employment dif­ The immediate community served by Wes­ though men attended the Sunday School and ficit to find, adding additional problems to ley House is an area roughly bounced by the gospel services. But today, whatever the need, their lives. May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14823 The Representative urged churches to look Incidents that reached a climax Sunday neighborhood." The American boys, risking for ways to help the Vietnam vets in their night, Apri115, one and one-half miles north their lives and many of them giving their communities. Finding jobs and job training of Wounded Knee. lives, drove the hostile forces out of the for them is a big job in which the govern­ The series of incidents began many years neighborhood. But when his country had an mental agenices could use the assistance of ago when a group of international criminals opportunity to help George protect his home private citizens. G.I.'s with drug problems unleashed a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor and his family, and had ample force avail­ need special care and attention while they in the Hawaiian Islands in 1941 and destroyed able to do it, George's country deserted him. try to overcome the habit, which the com­ a large part of the United States Pacific fleet. "Ask not what your country can do for munity can provide. Citizen participation in It plunged the United States into war with you ...." all aspects of G.I. rehabilitation is crucial. Japan in order to keep a group of renegades This war has produced one-quarter million from over-running this nation and subjugat­ America must know that it can do for unemployed vets, a potential source of un­ ing its people. George Coats, the Oglala Sioux tribal rest in low-income and low-employment The nation's young men were mobilized government, and those who lost their areas. Rep. Daniels urged all church people into an armed force that put a stop to any time, property, and money because of the to search out ways to help vets, and to let ambitions for world domination. seige at Wounded Knee. their representatives in the Congress know Among those who answered the call to the that they have a concern for these men who defense of his country was George Coats. He have served in this war, which is "different didn't desert to Canada or Sweden. When his from any other." country called, he felt an obligation to risk his life in order to help provide protection CLARIFYING THE IMPOUNDMENT for his fellow Americans. ISSUE He entered military service November 2, ASK NOT 1943, and on May 7, 1944, he was sent to the Pacific theatre of operations where he served HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK honorably and with credit to himself and his OF OHIO HON. JAMES ABDNOR country. George was honorably discharged from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF SOUTH DAKOTA service to his country on January 5, 1946, Tuesday, May 8, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES following the end of hostilities. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, while Tuesday, May 8, 1973 Upon his return to civilian life, George set about building a future for himself and his I do not believe that Presidents should Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the an­ family. Being part Indian he was able to ob­ impound funds, I am amused by con­ nouncement made Sunday, May 6, 1973, tain leases on Indian trust land on the Pine gressional critics who protest the use of that an agreement to end the 69-day-old Ridge reservation near Wounded Knee. He this device as though it were a new and armed occupation of Wounded Knee, borrowed some money to buy cattle and set reprehensible weapon. Actually, im­ up a ranching operation. S. Dak., comes to me and the people of Through many hardships and toil and poundment as an Executive tactic dates my district as most welcome news. sweat, George was able to build a fairly suc­ back many years, with the Democrat ad­ The people of South Dakota, and many cessful ranching business. He bought some ministrations of the 1960's not at all of my colleagues as well accept this news land of his own, paid taxes, paid the in­ bashful in continuing its use. To settle somewhat apprehensively; however, ear­ terest on his note, provided for his family the matter once and for all time, the lier announcements of negotiated settle­ and was able to pay some back on the prin­ constitutionality of this issue should be ments have proved false, and cause us cipal of his loan. thoroughly debated and resolved. In the to wait for further evidence that the Then one day in February, 1973, a group meantime, let the record show that im­ of renegades led by national criminals moved volatile situation is finally ended before into the areas near George's home and seized poundment did not originate with the expressing any great sense of relief. the village of Wounded Knee. Nixon administration. As I understand the agreement, a dis­ This group of law breakers had no re­ I insert at this point my Washington armament will occur this Wednesday. spect for the rights of any one, taking what Report of April 18, 1973, which deals Then the news media, and the Nation they wanted, when they wanted, regardless with this problem: will again direct their attention else­ of who was hurt. THE "IMPOUNDMENT" IssuE where. They began to take George's cattle, a few One of the basic reasons why most people It is my hope, however, that the Na­ at a time, even though the renegades who tend to be turned off by politics and politi­ tion, and this body does not entirely for­ occupied the village were surrounded by cians in general is the tendency to mislead federal marshals and other police officers. and manipulate issues. I believe public of­ get about Wounded Knee. Hopefully, the A total of 43 head of George's herd, on problems that have been defined by this ficials should take a stand on issues. I re­ which he still owes money, had been stolen spect those who take firm stands, fight for confrontation will be solved by under­ when one night George noticed four armed their cause through thick and thin and are standing and by legislation that ad­ thieves from among the Wounded Knee in­ consistent. At the same time, I find par­ dresses itself to problems that exist on vaders attempting to drive some more of his ticularly unfortunate a growing way of life our Indian reservations. cattle away. in politics, "Issue Development." Hopefully, a lesson in law enforcement George tried to stop them, when the I have never been one to point the finger will have been learned, and a similar rustlers turned on him, opening fire on him at the other side and say, "They do it." Re­ and his home in which was his wife and two publicans and Democrats alike utilize "issue situation will not be allowed to paralyze children. The situation was tense but surely the Pine Ridge Reservation, or anywhere development" as a weapon in their arsenal he could get help from the United States law to get public support. Last year, for exam­ else in this Nation again. enforcement officers who were just one-half ple, I noted that many of my fellow Repub­ Hopefully, those who sustained losses mile away. George sent his young son to ask licans were now pointing with pride to the will not be forgotten by the Government for help. same policies which they had viewed with whose action and inaction contributed "Sorry," was the reply," but we have no alarm under Lyndon Johnson. Certain issues to the circumstances that allowed those authority to go any closer to Wounded Knee have developed a special ring and have be­ losses to occur. than this point." come generally known to the public-envi­ To exemplify the loss that has been George and his family were able to escape ronment, civil rights, poverty, law and order. with their lives but as the Coats left, the During this session, it is very obvious that sustained because of Wounded Knee, I renegades set fire to George's home, com­ the Congressional Democrats are trying to insert into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD pletely destroying all his family's belongings, develop an issue which I do not believe de­ an editorial which appeared in the Ben­ his ranch outbuildings, and some hay-while serves public acceptance. That is their in­ nett County Booster II, Martin, S. Dak., his country looked on un<:oncerned. The creasing reference to the so-called "im­ describing the losses sustained by George Coats family loss exceeds $50,000. poundment of funds" issue. President Nixon Coats, who lived near Wounded Knee. A later statement by Willis Selden of the is viewed by critics as arbitrary, a one-man The editorial puts his loss in the per­ U.S. Justice Department was that "if the government, a. virtual dictator who has de­ location was outside the 'DMZ' (demilitar­ cided to spend or not spend. On close exam­ spective of our national priorities. ized zone) the Federal Bureau of Investiga­ The editorial follows: ination, this is not the fact at all. tion would be investigating by now or have First, impoundment is nothing new. It has AsK NoT completed its investigation. been done as far back as the administration We now possess a more complete under­ "However," he continued, "nothing can be of Thomas Jefferson and virtually every pres­ standing of the oft-repeated cliche, "Ask done until hostile armed forces are out of ident at one time or another simply refused not what your country can do for you, ask the neighborhood." to spend money appropriated by the Con­ what you can do for your country." George and the other Americans who were gress. Recent examples: in the Truman Ad­ Residents of this area of the United States sent to defeat the Japanese didn't have to ministration, he impounded funds rather saw this graphically portrayed in a series of wait "until the hostile forces are out of the than build a super carrier. Ike impounded 14824 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 ABM funds, President Kennedy impounded Order of E. Clampus Vitus, a group of to be Vice Postulator for the Canonization funds for the B-70 bomber, and LBJ im· lovers of Santa Clara history. of Blessed John Neumann and has since then pounded highway funds. These are only directed the development of the Neumann single examples of what has been a general Unselfishly, Mr. Arbuckle has con­ tributed his time and energies to many Museum, the restoration of the Lower tendency. In the Eisenhower years, for ex­ Church with beautiful stained glass windows, ample, Ike took the position of no new starts voluntary activities and community serv­ depicting the high points of the career of in Public Works and would not implement ices. As a speaker who has both a re­ Blessed Neumann. The remains of the Bishop, projects authorized and funded by the Con­ markable wealth of knowledge and de­ exhumed for identification before Beatifica­ gress. lightful sense of humor, he is in great de­ tion were enshrined in a crystal casket under I do not happen to believe Presidents mand. His enthusiasm and genuine love the main altar. should impound funds, but the Congress has of history have made the past come alive During the past seventeen years, Father been totally irresponsible in m any areas and Litz, as Vice Postulator has traveled, lec­ the simple fact is that necessary cuts have for hundreds of people in Santa Clara County and served as an inspiration to tured and preached in almost every Church been made by the device of not spending and Catholic School in Philadelphia, in many money authorized and appropriated by the many young historians. parts in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York Congress. and many other regions of the USA. He has The Democrats should not make an issue given talks to many societies and organiza­ on impoundment. By comparison with the tions on the heroic life and virtues of Bishop two previous administrations, the money GOLDEN JUBILEE MASS AT John Neumann. Due to his untiring zeal now being withheld by the Nixon Adminis­ NEUMANN SHRINE and co-operation from many sources the tration is only two-thirds of the level held Beatification of Blessed Neumann was ac­ back in the last year of the Johnson Admin­ complished. Father Litz also made many istration. The Nixon average of approxi­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG thousands of visits to hospitals and is being mately 5 percent is still less than the 5.4 OF PENNSYLVANIA very ably assisted by Rev. Bernard Krimm, percent of the budget which LBJ held back C.SS.R. during his years and much less than the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES impoundment of funds during the Kennedy Tuesday, May 8, 1973 years. President Kennedy's administration held back 6 percent of appropriated funds. Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, I am THE NEED FOR A NEW MANNED Thus, it can be seen that this issue is pleased to announce that the Reverend BOMBER really not an issue-at least as far as the Francis J. Litz, C.SS.R. will con-celebrate political context is concerned. I happen to mass at St. Peter's Church in Philadel­ believe that it is a constitutional issue and HON. PHILIP M. CRANE should be properly debated as to whether phia on Saturday, May 19, on the occa­ or not the Executive has this authority. sion of his golden jubilee in the priest­ OF n.LINOIS However, any effort to make politics out of hood. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES impoundment simply falls short. The mass is also in celebration of the Tuesday, May 8, 1973 The simple fact, as st ated before in this lOth anniversary of the beatification of column, is that the President also has a re­ Bishop John N. Neumann, fourth bishop Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, much has sponsibility. When the Congress cannot add, of the Philadelphia Archdiocese. been said in recent days against the de­ the President must subtract. Subtraction Father Litz has contributed a great velopment of a new manned bomber; often comes in a way which can honestly be namely, the B-1 aircraft. questioned-in this case, impoundment of deal to the development of the Neumann funds. A debate on this issue should be put Museum in Philadelphia and has exten­ Many of those who have urged us to in its proper historical context. At any rate, sively traveled throughout the United cancel plans to develop this bomber, such my Democratic friends should honestly tell States lecturing on the accomplishments as Senator GEORGE McGOVERN, have the public that impoundment did not orig­ of Bishop Neumann. argued that such bombers are obsolete inate with Richard Nixon. At this time I enter into the RECORD a and that the Soviet Union has aban­ short biography of the Reverend Francis doned the development of new aircraft J. Litz: of this type. Those who express this view seem un­ TRIBUTE TO CLYDE ARBUCKLE, GOLDEN JUBILEE MASS AT NEUMANN SRHINE On Saturday, May 19, 1973, 11:00 a.m., Rev. aware of the fact that the Soviet Union SAN JOSE HISTORIAN Francis J. Litz, C.SS.R., Vice Postulator for is building a new long-range bomber, the Canonization of Blessed John Neumann, which is known by its NATO code name, C.SS.R., will con-celebrate Mass at St. Peter's "Backfire." HON. DON EDWARDS Church, 5th St. & Girard Ave., Philadelphia, This new bomber has an unrefueled OF CALIFORNIA Pa., on the occasion of his Golden Jubilee in range of between 4,300 and 6,000 miles, the Priesthood. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which places it definitely in the strategic This Mass will also mark the lOth Ann!· aircraft category. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 versary of the Beatification of Bishop John N. Neumann, Fourth Bishop of the Philadel­ Aviation Week and Space Technology Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. phia Archdiocese from 1852-1860. magazine notes: Speaker, on May 18, the Citizens Advi­ Rev. Francis (Frank) Litz was born July Since all NATO targets can be covered from sory Committee of the City of Santa 7, 1898, in Philadelphia and attended St. Russia by an aircraft with a combat radius Clara, Calif., will honor Clyde Arbuckle, Boniface School, Diamond and Hancock Sts., of 2,000 miles, strategists from the West be­ San Jose historian and a dedicated stu­ where he graduated in 1911. He then entered lieve "Big Swinger" was designed specifically the Redemptorist Preparatory at North East, with U.S. targets in mind. dent and teacher of local and early Cali­ Pa., and was ordained to the Priesthood in fornia history. 1923 at Esopus, N.Y., by Archbishop J. Hayes. The manned bomber, in addition, 1s Mr. Arbuckle first became San Jose After eight years as a young priest on the far from obsolete. Gen. Bruce K. Hollo­ historian in 1945 and also served at that Lower East Side of Manhattan, N.Y., Father way, former commander of the Strategic time as city curator of the Statehouse Litz, at age 31, was made Pastor of St. Mary's Air Command, notes that-- Museum at the Santa Clara County Church in Buffalo, N.Y., where under his The bomber is the only strategic system Fairgrounds. A few years later he began enthusiastic encouragement, the Novena in which can be applied across the spectrum teaching courses in history at local col­ honor of Our Lady of Perpetual Help at­ from show of force (as in the Cuban crisis) tracted close to 10,000 people each Wednes­ to jungle combat (as in Viet Nam), to con­ leges and universities and adult educa­ day. ventional conflict (as in Korea), to nuclear tion programs. From 1939 until the end of World War II, holocaust and post-attack conditions. Serving as the president of the Con­ Father Litz was the Pastor of his home parish ference of California Historical Societies St. Boniface in Philadelphia. The next five In a recent article with regard to the comprised of 200 organizations across the years he worked in the country section of manned bomber, Human Events dis­ State, he helped make the historical Saratoga Springs, helping to establish the cussed a number of the essential features groups of California a cohesive, vital or­ parish at Gansevoort, N.Y. of the proposed B-1 aircraft. ganization. In addition, he has served on In 1950 he was again called upon to be The article noted: the board of directors of California Pio­ Pastor this time in Our Lady of Perpetual This aircraft will penetrate Soviet defen ses Help parish East 61st St., Manhattan, N.Y., flying 700 miles per hour at tree top level ... neers of Santa Clara County since 1946, where he developed a Redemptorist Mission as founding secretary of the San Jose it will carry almost three times as much nu­ Band for the Italian-Americans in the parish clear firepower as the B- 52 . . . it will u s e Historic Landmarks Commission, and as and another for Spanish-speaking people. shorter runways and less fuel than the B-52s Grand Noble Humbug, of Yerba Buena Rev. Francis Litz was sent to St. Peter's and can thus "scramble" from a much wider Chapter of the Ancient and Honorable in Philadelphia in 1956 where he was named selection of American airfields. May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14825 In addition. states Human Events: "Since all NATO targets can be covered bolstered the arguments of those in the Soviet The B-1 will offer a very small and con­ from Russia by an aircraft with a combat military who maintained that no manned fused radar image to defense controllers and radius of 2,000 miles, strategists in the West aircraft, however fast, could successfully will incorporate vastly improved ECMs and believe 'Big Swinger' was designed specifically penetrate a modern air defense. decoys. Some of its decoys will actually carry with U.S. targets in mind." However, this argument did not take into nuclear warheads. Test and evaluation prototypes of Backfire consideration "penetration aids," electronic have been flying for several years in a. pro­ devices to fool radar, mislead homing anti­ The debate over the B-1 will occur gram shrouded in secrecy exceptional for even aircraft missiles, and allow for precise naviga­ during the current session of the Con­ the Russians. The Soviets may have wanted tion while flying close to the ground at high gress. It is essential that those who will to achieve a "technological surprise" with speeds. make decisions in this area familiarize Backfire similar to the one they pulled with Meanwhile, the United Stat es, capitalizing themselves with the facts concerning the their supersonic Foxbat fighter. on its advanced electronics know-how, has But the West has been rapidly gathering succeeded in bringing penetration aids and B-1, as well as concerning Soviet ad­ intelligence on the new bomber. Last year, electronic countermeasures (ECMs) to new vances in this field. one of the Backfire prototypes was discovered heights. I wish to share the article concerning while being refueled in flight from a giant In doing so, we have succeeded in making the whole question of the manned bomb­ Myasishchev Mya-4 Bison tanker.. After its the B-52, a plane designed in the 1940s, a er which appeared in Human Events of "drink" the Backfire streaked away on a 10- continuing and awesome threat. The bag of December 23, 1972, with my colleagues. hour flight. penetration secrets in the B-52 has so dis­ comfitted Moscow that it has been the tar­ and insert it into the RECORD at this Aviation Week reports "production of op­ erational aircraft has begun," and now there get of a. terrific espionage effort in this coun­ time: are at least 20 Backfires completed or on the try and anywhere the giant aircraft are THE MANNED BOMBER IsSUE FLIES AGAIN production line. The production model of the based. WILL THE RUSSIANS BEAT THE FREE WORLD TO aircraft has been modified with lengthened For several years now, every American XMPORTANT STRATEGIC OPTIONS? wings (to improve range) and further clean­ aircraft shot down in North Viet Na.m but "Many will recall Mr. Khrushchev's famous ing of the fuselage to improve aerodynamics. still somewhat intact has been shipped back remark in 1957: 'Bombers are obsolete. You Backfire has a speed at alti~ude in excess to Soviet laboratories for examination of its might as well throw them on the fire! In view of Mach 2 and a limited supersonic dash electronics devices. The highest priority item of Russia's continued reliance on their capability when flying "on the deck" to (and one so far not delivered, fortunately) manned bombers, one wonders whether penetrate radar and anti-aircraft defense. has been to get hands on a B-52. Khrushchev made this comment as a matter In a. typical example of Soviet adaptation As the Soviets have become stronger and of conviction or in an effort to influence U.S. of "civilian" research and development tech­ achieved equality if not superiority in stra­ national defense policy."-Rep. Robert Price nology, the Backfire's powerful in-fuselage tegic weapons, they have become more dis­ (R.-Tex.) in the House of Representatives twin engines are the ones originally developed posed to throw their weight around. They For years, those opposing maintenance of for the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic transport. quickly discovered that missiles, which you America's fleet of B-52s and development of Little is known or the Backfire's armament, either fire or don't fire, don't have that cer­ the new B-1 manned strategic bomber have but the Soviets are believed to be working on tain quality of coercion the Soviets like so said the long-range bomber is obsolete. an improved air-to-surface strategic missile well. To support their argument they like to to use with it. This would be a stand-off A manned bomber, however, possesses that point out that the Soviet Union has sup­ weapon, similar to the U.S. short-range attack quality in abundance. posedly abandoned bomber development to missile (SRAM), a supersonic nu<:Iea.r missile It allows a very precise control over events concentrate on building up its force of inter­ now being fitted to the Strategic Air Com­ in a power play scenario. The Kremlin saw continental and submarine-launched ba.Ilis­ mand's B-52s and FB-111s. this very clearly during the Cuban missile tic missiles. These stand-off weapons permit bombers crisis of 1962. One of the most tangible Sen. George McGovern, one of the leading to strike their targets without flying into evidences of the American power that made advocates of unilateral American disarma­ the heavy defense areas around them. Khrushchev back down was the B-52. For one solid month, every hour of the ment, has stated: "The minimal Soviet effort The soviets now have three stand-off Inis­ on strategic effort on strategic bombers indi­ siles operational, evidence they have never day, the Strategic Air Command "leaned on" cates that they place little emphasis on that really abandoned the manned-bomber con­ the Soviet Union with clouds of B-52s on form of delivery." the periphery of the Russian air defense ra­ cept. One is the somewhat crude Kangaroo. dar. Soviet air defense controllers couldn't In the absence of any Soviet disclaimers Another is the Kipper, designated mainly and in spite of the warnings of those who look at their boards without seeing the blips. as an anti-ship missile. Gen. Bruce K. Holloway, former com­ watch Soviet strategic developments closely, The third is a much more sophisticated such statements have become widely ac­ mander of SAC, notes that "the bomber is missile, the Kitchen. An outgrowth of this the only strategic system which can be ap­ cepted. Just last week Jerome H. Kahan, missile may be destined for use with Back­ formerly with the U.S. Arms Control and Dis­ plied across the spectrum from show of fire. force (as in the Cuban crisis), to jungle com­ armament Agency, wrote in the Washington Backfire presents substantial evidence that Post: bat (as in Viet Nam), to conventional con­ the Soviets intend to copy the U.S. "nuclear flict (as in Korea.), to nuclear holocaust and "The United States is developing a new triad" mix of bombers, ICBMs and sub­ generation strategic bomber, while the USSR post-attack conditions." launched missiles more fully. Much discus­ This admirable flexibility from a politico­ has shown no evidence of a comparable pro­ sion in Soviet mllltary and political circles gram." military standpoint sometimes obscures a has centered around the degree of flexibility very important military economic advantage The trouble with Mr. McGovern's assump­ the manned bomber affords in confrontation tion (and it is echoed by many others in the of the manned bomber: It must be defended situations and this has added momentum against. highly organized "peace lobby") is that it im­ to the development of the new aircraft. plies "if the Russians aren't doing it, why It is estimated the Soviets spend at Because of this, manned bombers will now least 15 per cent of their defense budget should we?" emerge as a much more important factor in It is obviously fallacious (and would be dis­ to counter our bombers. One of the prior­ astrous) to predicate our weapons develop­ the current round of SALT talks than had at ity functions of new Soviet fighters, like the ment simply on what the Soviets do or do :first been expected. Foxba.t, is combat radius that will enable not do. But in the case of strategic bombers, The Soviets never really lost sight of the them to engage incoming bombers before it is beside the point. efficacy of bombers. They pushed a number of they launch stand-off weapons. One of the The plain fact is, the Soviet Union is build­ strategic bomber projects during the 1950s priority targets of Soviet missile submarines ing a. new long-range bomber. Known by its and 1960s, none of which really panned out. off our coasts in SAC airfields. (Our B-52s NATO code name, "Backfire," the aircraft is In fact, some of the great secrecy surround­ have already been dispersed because of this a product of the famous Tupolev design ing Backfire stems from a Soviet reluctance threat.) group, which has created Russia's supersonic to chance any more embarrassments like its For this reason, development of the B-1 transport and several other reliable bomber two fonner strategic bomber projects. There is of primary importance. This heir to the designs. were both Myasishchev designs--the huge gabulous legacy of the B-52 will severely American observers, who have followed the Mya-4 Bison, with its curious design mixture compound Soviet defense problems: of the modern and the antique, and the truly covert development of this plane for some It will penetrate Soviet defenses flying time, have dubbed it "Big Swinger" because formidable-looking Bounder. 700 miles per hour at tree top level, guided of its moveable wing design (similar to Otll' Both of these planes developed what the by terrain-reading radar and an automatic FB-111). Soviets vaguely referred to as "short-com­ pilot. This needle-nosed Soviet bomber is pow­ ings" and never became operational as stra­ It will carry almost three times as much ered. by two gigantic Kuznetsov NK 144 tur­ tegic bombers. The Bounder has been used nuclear firepower as the B-52. bofan engines (with afterburners) and has for "research," while the Bison has been used It will use shorter runways and less fuel an unrefueled range of between 4,300 and for "maritime reconnaissance" and tanker than the B-52 and can thus "scramble" from 6,000 ml1es, which places it definitely in the service. a much wider selection of American air­ strategic aircraft category. Aviation Week & The less than praiseworthy performance of fields. Space Technology magazine notes: these two planes in a strategic bomber role It will offer a very small and confused 14826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 radar image to defense controllers mainly The diversified activities of this week been marked for reduction, termination or because it will be obscured by "ground clut­ ranged from a junk art contest to a stu­ reform into special revenue-sharing); (2) a ter" (radar images of trees, buildings, etc.) dent debate on the desirability of con­ greater reliance on state and local govern­ It will incorporate vastly improved ECMs gressional action to limit the number of ments to make their own decision (with the and decoys. Some of its decoys (cruise mis­ creation ~f new special revenue-sharing pro­ siles that appear to be bombers on radar automobiles a family can own. In addi­ grams th1s year, the President seeks to turn screens) will actually carry nuclear war­ tion, the students collected over 900 over $6.9 billion to state and local govern­ heads. pounds of aluminum for recycling. Rep­ ments which they might spend as they wish On the other side of t he ledger it must resentatives from business, public utili­ on. e~ucation, law enforcement, manpower be noted that Backfire will present problems ties, governmental agencies, and envi­ tramm~ and community development; and for American air defense. And at the moment, ronmental groups participated in the {3) ultrmatley proposes greater freedom for that defense is in a pretty sad state. program and were available for informal t~e American people to make their own deci­ In fact, because of rap id development of Sions about what is best for them. Backfire, upgrading of t he U.S. Aerospace discussion with the students. Unless spending is brought under control Defense Command (ADO) is a top priorit y I would like to take this opportunity now, infiat ion is bound to soar. This is es­ item for the Air Force. It will take most of to commend the students and faculty of pecially true in ~rosperous periods, which this decade to bring t h e system up to a Frederick Sasscer Junior High for the the U.S. economy !S now in. Infiat ion, as we standard where it will be proof against content of their program and for the have all learned, is the cruelest tax of all Backfire. balanced approach they have taken in cutting into the pocketbook of the averag~ Procurement of t hree main items is creating awareness of our environmental wo.rking man and robbing him of financial involved: problems. The presentation of all sides gams he has made. Infiation strikes most . 1. The so-called IMI (improved manned cruelly at the elderly, the poor, and those on Int erceptor) , probably t he McDonnell Doug­ of the complex environmental questions fixed incomes. In addition, infiation h ns las F-15 air-superiority fighter. undoubtedly resulted in a meaningful potentially disasterous effects on the u.s. 2. Boeing E-3A airborn e warning and con­ educational experience for all involved position in world trade and the internat ional trol syst em (AWACS) aircraft (modified Boe­ parties. money markets. For example, the two recent. ing 707s) to enhance early warning and con­ I salute this program and wish it every devaluations of the dollar were due largely trol IMI squadrons. success in the future. to ~erican infiation. In addition, if infia­ 3. An "over-t he-horizon backscatter tion 1s allowed to continue unchecked the ( OTHB) radar syst em which could detect government will be forced to borrow more Soviet bombers virtually from take-off. and more money to pay for the new programs, This will involve an initial investment of thus forcing up interest rates for homeown­ between $4 and $5 billion and yearly oper­ DOES THE NIXON BUDGET DO JUS­ ers and businessman alike. ating costs of about $800 million. But it is TICE TO THE NATION'S HUMAN In order to understand the battle over vitally needed to counter Backfire or its suc­ SERVICE NEEDS? the budget it is important to realize that cessor, for it seems certain the Soviets will total spending is being increased by a sub­ put the same kind of developmental energy stantial $18.9 billion from 249.8 billion in ~nto long-range bombers that they have put HON. DAVID C. TREEN fiscal year 1973 to $268.7 billion in fiscal year m t o their navy in t he past decade. OF LOUISIANA '74. From accounts in the media one might One reason for t his development may be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES think the President had taken a meat axe to offset any SALT II agreements on offensive to the budget, especially to the "starved" strategic missiles. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 human resources, or social sector. The Soviets know that our air defense There has been so much confusion 3.bout has declined sharply since the heydays of Mr. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ ing article by Mr. Wayne Valis, which the relative proportion of federal expendi ­ the late 1950s when there were about 240 000 tures on the defense budget versus the budg­ people in ADC. Now t here are about 100,000. recently appeared in the Catholic Vir­ et for social and "human resources" that Where there were once 67 active-duty air­ ginian, asks the question: "Does the some facts are in order. Fact: the defense craft. squad~ons there are now seven (plus Nixon Budget Do Justice to the Nation's budget today has been reduced to its lowest 19 A1r Nat10na1 Guard units serving part Human Service Needs?" This has been a level since the end of World War II. Total de­ time). widely debated question and I believe fense spending (FY 1974) amounts to 29.2 Where there were once 116 long-range per cent of the budget, or 6.2 percent of the radar squadrons there are now 57. Mr. Valis' answer to this question merits the attention of my colleagues. total gross national product (GNP), com­ The primary interceptor in ADO service pared to 43.9 per cent of the budget as re­ now is the 13-year-old F-106-no match for I include the article at this time: cently as 1968, and 8.8 per cent of GNP in Backfire. [From the Catholic Virginian, Apr. 27, 1973] 1964, and 9.4 per cent of GNP in 1961. Fact: Despite all the glitter of ballistic missiles DOES THE NIXON BUDGET Do JUSTICE TO THE while the 1974 defense budget is $600 mil­ the bomber age is not over. Both our Defens~ NATION'S HUMAN SERVICE NEEDS? ~ion more than it was six years ago, spend­ Department and the Soviet s realize this. The Ing for social programs has more than dou­ question is: does Congress? (By Wayne H. Valis) The President's proposed 1974 budget is bled, from $72.8 billion to $153.4 billion . . The battle for the B-1 and for our ailing Fact: allowing for infiation, the defense budg­ arr defense will be fought in the coming ses­ one designed to move America toward pros­ perity without war and, hopefully, without et has dropped in buying power by 31 per sion of Congress. The development of the cent since fiscal 1968. The charge against the Backfire demands the upgrading of our inflation. To achieve these goals the Presi­ dent is cutting back on programs that don't President's proposed budget that "cuts come bomber defense, while the proven fiexibility at the expense of the poor and the elderly" of the manned bomber demands production work and concentrating efforts on those that do. He is also reforming many programs so is totally false and refiects the failure of the of the B-1. President's critics to do their homework. In fact, everything possible should be that through revenue-sharing people will have greater control over their own lives. In The facts are that the President's budget done to enhance the formidability of so im­ contains 66 per cent more to help the poor portant a deterrent. his latest speech on the budget, the Presi­ dent warned that unless his efforts to con­ than was the case four years ago, 67 per cent trol expenditures are successful, Americans more to help the sick, 71 per cent more to will face an increase of as much as 15 per help older Americans, and 156 per cent more cent in their income tax. to help the hungry and malnourished. Be­ REFLECTIONS OF ECOLOGY Government at all levels-federal, state, cause the President has eliminated some THROUGH EDUCATION and local-now takes 32 per cent of the en­ familiar programs with many special interest tire national-meaning your-income. ThiS group friends, especially in the press, there figure was barely 20 per cent in the mid- are no grounds for accusing him of a lack 1950s. The federal government's slice of the of compassion for the unfortunate or needy. HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT personal income pie has doubled from 10 A careful case-by-case analysis of the af­ OF MARYLAND per cent in 1950 to over 20 per cent. Gov­ fected programs Will prove that the Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment has mushroomed and expanded out dent's cuts, terminations and freezes are ab­ of control, and it is now almost impossible solutely justified. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 to keep track of government programs. In The Office of Economic Opportunit y Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, during the 1963, for example, there were only 160 indi­ (OEO) is to be broken down and its func­ vidual grant programs, in 1973 there are over tions given to other appropriate govern­ week of April 9, the Fr€derick Sasscer ment agencies. The Community Action Pro­ Junior High School in Upper Marlboro, 1,000. The President is now attempting to fulfill grams (CAP) will cease June 30, 1973, and Md., observed Earth Week. Their pro­ his campaign pledge to hold down federal will be replaced by revenue-sharing. These gram entitled, "Reflections of Ecology spending in order to prevent an income tax actions have been widely criticized, despit e Through Education" was a most innova­ increase. To do this, he proposes: (1) a lean­ the fact that CAP has :failed to help the poor. tive and educational program. er federal bureaucracy ( 113 programs have Although set up with the best of intentions, May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14827 CAP now spends. 78 per cent of aJl its funds equitable, wasteful and ineffective in meet­ which, are then sold to poor people-quite on administrative costs and to pay the sal­ ing housing needs." often, by design, to the worst risks realtors aries of those who are supposed to help the No doubt the Administration had the now can find. This process has led to the mass poor. Only 22 per cent is spent on the poor infamous Pruitt-Igoe public housing project abandonment of entire neighborhoods by themselves. It is this form of "trickle down" in mind, among others, when it reached such low-income owners, largely black and Puerto program that the President is attempting to a conclusion. Rican, who either can no longer afford ar who end. Pruitt-Igoe, designed to be one of the simply are unable to maintain and keep their Not all OEO money is wasted or spent on showpieces of low-rent housing programs, houses. At this point, as one study notes, bureaucracy and administration, however. was built to house 10,000 low-income resi­ .. Once the mortgage is in serious default, the Some money does get through the pipeline, dents of a rapidly deteriorating St. Louis private lender holding the note will fore­ and some even has important results. For neighborhood. Constructed at a cost of over close on the property, and HUD, as the example, the militant American Indian $75 million dollars, the 60-acre site con­ guarantor, must pay the lender and take Movement (AIM) which recently violated tained 33 high-rise units which were widely possession." the law and occupied Wounded Knee, S.D., regarded as excellently constructed build­ In this tragic and expensive way HUD has has been well-financed by OEO. AIM has been ings. become the largest slumlord in the U.S. own­ receiving generous OEO grants for the last Problems arose from the outset. The proj­ ing thousands of unprofitable homes tour years, a substantial proportion of which ect's residents included many drug addicts, throughout the country. In fact, HUD is probably helped them to occupy Wounded and crime, violence and vandalism soon be­ now the largest home owner in several U.S. Knee. On June 21, 1972, AIM received $113,- came rampant. It also became apparent that cities. 000 from OEO, $60,000 of which was spent too many people with too many problems Urban renewal has been an equally dismal for "survival schools." had been crowded into too small an area. and costly failure, resulting in profitable This is just one of many instances where As the situation deteriorated, HUD planners land and real estate speculations for the federal money has been used to fund radical and St. Louis officials resorted to the ulti­ rich, but the displacement of over one mil­ groups. The familiar argument that budget mate remedy. First, 24 of the 33 units were lion (mostly poor) people from their homes. cuts will "drive the poor to violence" seems closed, and the population of Pruitt-Igoe was The great majority of these displaced poor to be exactly the reverse of the actual situa­ reduced to 2,000. Since it is Widely known people were black or Puerto Rican, and less tion. In fact, the government has been fi­ that vacant buildings attract the worst ele­ than hal! ever received Federal housing to nancing radicals who attempt to organize ments in society, HUD realized that some­ replace their destroyed homes. the poor, often for violent ends. This must thing had to be done with the empty build­ One of the major defects with HUD, and be stopped. ings. many other governmental, social programs, In a lighter vein, OEO's CAP has financed Showing the creativity for which bureauc­ is that it often substitutes political values two-month trips to Europe, South America, racy is justly famous, a demolition program for market (economic) forces. An amusing, Asia and Africa. (at $60,000) for "underprivi­ was begun in early 1972. Several of the high­ if expensive, illustration took place in De­ leged" youngsters. One commentator noted: rises were immediately blown up and "an cember, 1972, in Wyoming. ••Jt's too bad they missed Australia." indeterminate number" were slated to have For political reasons, HUD decided to bring The President's actions will see to it that their top seven stories lopped off. The cost of urban renewal to downtown Cheyenne (pop­ OEO's useful functions are merely shifted this creative solution: $38 mlllion, which, ulation 40,000) despite the fact that it is to other agencies, but that programs such when added to construction costs, brings an uncrowded, unpolluted, lovely little town as those described above will be ended. total costs to about $114 mlllion, or $57,000 built right on the edge of the prairie. One of For the entire manpower training pro­ per Pruitt-Igoe resident. the major programs was the construction of grams sector, the President proposes cuts In an interview, [ex] Rep. JohnS. Mona.gan. a parking lot designed to relieve congestion of a modest 9.3 per cent. This reflects almost D-Conn., said, "We are destroying it in order in the "center city" business district. For entirely the phasing out of just one pro­ to save it. It sounds like something out of three years federal and city officia.ls planned gram-the Public Employment Program Jonathan Swift, or better yet, Voltaire. It's the lot, which was to accommodate 171 cars. (PEP), which evaluative studies show is a a satire on the public housing program, the Finally, at a cost of $300,000, the lot was very inefficient way to combat unemploy­ ultimate proof that nobody wants it." opened to the public. There was only one ment, especially of disadvantaged, hard-to­ Those who would contend that Pruitt­ problem: nobody came. employ groups. Igoe's high cost is an exception should note Unfortunately the urban renewal lot was Most PEP jobs slots would have been former HUD Secretary George Romney's esti­ further away from the heart of the business funded by local or state governments, even mate that a $17,500 apartment unit built district than the old-fashioned, "congested," had there been no PEP. Not surprisingly, under the usual 40-year interest-subsidy metered parking spaces, and, consequently, the characteristics of PEP's 150,000 employ­ program will cost the taxpayer between people wouldn't use it. Realizing the poten­ ees is anything but a profile of the disad­ $108,358 and $141,854 during the 40-year tial for embanassment, the city council vantaged, poor population. For example, 78 span. lowered the monthly parking fee from $12 per cent were graduates of high school or The most severe and damaging charges to $7. Alas, to no avail. After six full weeks college, "including many old, retired mili­ against federal low-income housing programs, of operation the total revenues brought in tary officers who slipped in under a veterans however, are the a.llegations of widespread were 75 cents. A telling case of the futility of preference clause that was supposed to apply fraud and corruption. Probes of such charges attempting to replace the law of supply and to Vietnam veterans!" Thus the Adminis­ have resulted in grand jury hearings in nine demand by bureaucratic decree. tration's treatment of manpower programs cities, and indictments have already been The entire housing program has reached 1s in line with available evidence of program returned in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago enormous proportions. It has grown in bits cost-effectiveness. and Detroit. and pieces, with far too little hard-headed Perhaps the most important cuts are those In the four cities where indictments have economic analysis of its provisions. The time 1n the housing area. Urban renewal and been returned, FHA officials, realtors, con­ is long since past for a halt in these pro­ Model Cities will be phased out and Hun­ tractors, builders and accountants have been grams and, at least, a pause for consideration subsidized housing programs "frozen" for 18 indicted on a Wide variety of counts, includ­ of the entire program. The President's pro­ months. A lot is at stake in this battle, since ing bribery, falsification, conspiracy to de­ posed housing subsidy freeze is directed to the HUD budget for 1974 has grown to $4.8 fraud, conflict of interest and income tax this purpose and should be supported. billion, with an additional $7.4 billion in evasion. Another program which deserves trimming "carry-over" funds to ":finance already ap­ The U.S. House of Representatives• Gov­ is that o! farm subsidies. Originally intro­ proved Model Cities, urban renewal and re­ ernment Operations Committee reported duced to keep the price of agricultural goods lated projects at current levels for several that "incompetent administration" tn Detroit at moderately high levels, farm subsidies years to come." alone could cost up to $200 million. In De­ have more than succeeded, which should now Recent studies have indicated that, unless troit high-ranking local HUD officials and be clear to anyone who has been even near halted or slowed by presidential or congres­ FHA officials were in collusion on a variety a grocery store during the last year: Each sional action, spending for low-income hous­ of schemes involving default and foreclosure passing day brings news o! still higher food ing programs alone will reach $7.5 billion by of over 20,000 FHA-insured homes-and it is .:fiscal 1978. One report states that "long-term prices, while farm income last year reached the same in many other cities. $19 billion, an all-time record. Farm subsidies commitments to pay for housing already The fraud and corruption victimize not completed or started would cost . . . at least "support" food prices by preventing lower only the taxpayer, but also the poor, and prices-and are one of the main causes of $65 billion and possibly as much as $92.7 bil­ therein lies an even more scandalous tale. lion over the next 40 years." Interest charges soaring food prices to the consumer. The alone on housing-related debt service will Marginal and deteriorating neighborhoods President's efforts to end this situation by total $41.4 billion during this period. are "blockbusted'' by real estate dealers, who cutting farm price supports by $694 million The administration has charged that these acquire houses, most of them in various should be ardently supported. expenditures primarily have benefited devel­ stages of decay, at extremely cheap prices. The examples cited here are but a handful opers and speculators rather than the poor, The houses are given inexpensive facelifts, of the programs which have failed. The point, an d have "tended to undermine the capacity and then reappraised at unrealistically high however, is clear: the President's budget is of local government to respond to the needs levels by local FHA appraisers (many of an attempt to keep faith with the American of their citizens." Kenneth R. Cole Jr., direc­ whom are local realtors). people. If a tax rise is to be averted and tor of the President's Domestic Council. de­ The FHA then backs 1n.fia.ted mortgages inflation checked, as the President has scribed federal housing programs as "in- on the deteriorating, over-priced homes, pledged, then fiscal discipline is needed. Com- 14828 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 bine the necessity for fiscal responsibility November 2, 1917, saw the official Brit­ enemies, Israel has prospered, accom­ with the growing awareness that govern­ ish policy on Palestine enunciated in ment has, in many instances, become unre­ plishing miracles in farming and building sponsive, unmanageable and counterproduc­ what has come to be called the "Balfour in its quarter century of existence. She tive, and the proposed budget should be in­ Declaration:" has successfully defended herself against terpreted as a start, in Mr. Nixon's words, His Majesty's Government view with favour attack, becoming a power to be reckoned "to get government off your back and out the establishment in Palestine of a national with in only 25 years. of your pocket." home for the Jewish people . . . nothing Mr. Speaker, I am certain that Mem­ The President's proposed "new Federalism,'' shall be done which may prejudice the civil bers of this Congress will join to con­ as embodied in his bold revenue-sharing in­ and religious rights of existing non-Jewish gratulate the leaders and people of the itiatives, is an attempt not only to restore communities in Palestine, or the rights and fiscal discipline, to reorder American political political status enjoyed by Jews in any other State of Israel on the celebration of their life. Upon his success or failure in this effort country. 25th anniversary, and look forward to rests the possibility for humane, responsive more years of successful development and responsible government in the 1970's. This, with the mandate for the Pales­ and contribution to the world. tine region awarded to the United King­ Thank you. dom by the League of Nations in 1922 constitutes the international legal sanc­ THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE tion for Zionism. FOUNDING OF ISRAEL Jews begin emigrating to the Palestine DRINAN VERSUS NIXON area under pressure of discrimination in their adopted lands. In 1909 the city of HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI Tel Aviv was founded, serving as the HON. ROBERT F. DRINA OF MASSACHUSETTS OF NEW JERSEY headquarters of the growing community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Jews in Palestine. Immigration in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES creased after World War I to the point Tuesday, May 8, 1973 Tuesday, May 8, 1973 that officials feared conflict from the re­ Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, I rise sulting cultual imbalance. Jews consid­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, on May 7, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of ered the Balfour Declaration a mandate 1973, I, together with three of my col­ the State of Israel. People the world over for a national home: the British envi­ leagues and an active-duty serviceman, celebrate this culmination of the dream sioned a protected community within the filed suit in the Federal district court in of a people without a country for so Palestine state; the Arabs viewed the Boston, Mass., against the President, the many centuries. The anniversary is par­ immigration as another invasion of alien Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary ticularly significant in light of the cre­ cultures. of the Air Force. In the suit, I, together with Congressman JOHN J. MoAKLEY, mendous opposition faced by the Jewish Conflict was staved by the common GERRY E. STUDDS, and MICHAEL HARRING­ people over the centuries. enemy in the Axis during World War II, TON, anC. Ale. James H. Hayden, seek a Ancient Hebrews entered the "land of when Jew, Arab, and British served side judicial declaration that the actions of Israel" about the 18th century B.C. when by side against Germany. After the war, the Nixon administration are in viola­ the patriarch Abraham led his people the battle lines were drawn by the Gen­ tion of article I, section 8, clause 11 of to what was then called Canaan. The eral Assembly plan partitioning Palestine the Constitution of the United States, Hebrew people settled around the pe­ into separate Jewish and Arab States. various congressional enactments, the riphery of the Canaanite civilization, With the Israeli proclamation of state­ Paris accords, and principles of inter­ and were captured along with their hood and the British withdrawal in May, national law. neighbors during the Egyptian attacks 1948, the Arabs launched an attack they My coplaintiffs and I are presently of the 14th century B.C. Four hundred claimed was justified by Israeli acquisi­ awaiting a hearing date to be set by years later Moses led the Hebrews in tion of territory beyond the partition Judge Tauro of the district court in exodus from Egypt back to the Promised plan boundaries. Massachusetts. Land. In 1956, the Israeli nation was faced Mr. Speaker, because of the interest From the last valiant stand of the with another Arab attack, commonly which has been generated in this law­ Jewish defenders against the Roman known as the Suez crisis. Again, a U.N. suit, I thought it would be helpful for conquerers at Masada in A.D. 73, until sponsored cease-fire ended the visible my colleagues to reprint in the CONGRES­ May 15, 1948, there was no Jewish na­ conflict after the Israeli defense forces SIONAL RECORD a COPY Of the affidavit and tion in Palestine. A series of conquerors had demonstrated their mobility, effi­ complaint :filed in this case in the U.S. and empires controlled Palestine and ciency, and competence in their ~ttempt District Court for the District of Massa­ the few Jews who remained in the land. to end the Egyptian practice of excluding chusetts. The remainder of the Jewish people were Israeli ships from the canal and to cur­ The affidavit and complaint follow: in "diaspora"-scattered throughout the tail raiders from the Sinai area by de­ [U.S. District Court for the District of world, but without loss of their identity. stroying their bases. Massachusetts] It was from this diaspora that the Jews In 1967, the young State of Israel again returned to Palestine to reestablish an met the threat to its existence posed by CoMPLAINT (Robert F. Drinan, Michael J. Harrington, independent Jewish state. its Arab neighbors after the removal of John J. Moakley, and Gerry E. Studds, in­ It was traditionally held that the re­ the U.N. emergency force by Egyptian re­ dividually and in their capacity as Mem­ turn to the promised land would be ac­ quest and the increasingly violent threats bers of the United States House of Rep­ companied, symbolically, by the appear­ against Israel by radical Arab leaders. resentatives, and Airman First Class James ance of the Messiah, but in the late 19th Again they demonstrated their efficiency H. Hayden, Plaintiffs, v. Richard M. Nixon, century the concept of a political return and tactical courage, to the embarrass­ President of the United States, Elliot L. began to develop and gain acceptance. In ment of the Arabs. Richardson, Secretary of Defense, and Rob­ What is perhaps the most impressive ert c. Seamans, Jr., Secretary of the Air 1895 Theodore Herzel wrote "Der Juden­ Force, Defendents) staat," a political treatise on the estab­ and significant of all is that Israel, it­ lishment of a Jewish state that became self a developing nation beseiged on all I. NATURE OF THE ACTION sides, engaged in a farflung program of 1. Plaintiffs seek a determination that the the expression of political Zionism and aerial combat operations currently being a basis for the creation of Israel. assistance to other developing countries. conducted in Cambodia by military person­ Political Zionists were at :first divided Believing that the gap in living stand­ nel under the direction of the defendants on where to establish the Jewish state, ards between prosperous and poor na­ are in violation of domestic and international but :finally agreed on Palestine after con­ tions is a danger to international sta­ law. sidering and rejecting such areas as bility and peace, Israel sent hundreds of n. JURISDICTION Uganda, Somalia, South America, and instructors, advisers, and survey mis­ 2. This is a civil action seeking a declara­ other possibly more practical but less sions, as well as builders, to dozens of tory judgment pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C. emotionally attractive areas. World War countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin § 2201 et seq. and appropriate equitable re­ lief if necessary, pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C. I saw the consolidation of the Zionist America. §§ iss1 (a) and 1361, adjudging that the mili­ movement under the leadership of Dr. They continue to do so today. Israel tary operations currently being conducted Chaim Weizmann, who was later to be­ serves as a beacon light to other emerg­ in Cambodia under the direction of defend­ come the :first president of Israel. ing nations of the world. Surrounded by ants are in violation of domestic and in- May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14829 ternational law, and that the defendants The War And Restoring Peace In Vietnam, 1. Declare that defendants• actions in or­ may not engage in any such future activities Article 20(b) of which obliges the United dering U.S. forces into combat in Cambodia in Cambodia or elsewhere in Indochina with­ States to put an end to all military activities are in violation of Article I, Section 8, Clause out specific Congressional authorization and in Cambodia. 11 of the Constit ution and of Title VI of then only to the extent and in a manner 13. On March 29, 1973, pursuant to the PL 92-156 and other specific Congressional permitted by international law. Jurisdiction terms of the above Agreement, the last enactments. is conferred upon this Court by Title 28 American serviceman was withdrawn from 2. Declare that defendants' actions in or­ U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1361; Title 5 U.S.C. §§ 701- the Republic of Vietnam, and the last Ameri­ dering U.S. forces into combat elsewhere in 706; Article I, Section 8, Clause 11, and can prisoner of war captured during the Viet­ Indochina, without prior Congressional au­ Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of the Con­ nam war was released on April 1, 1973. thorization, would be in violation of Article stitution of the United States and the Fifth 14. Since February 16, 1973, despite the I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the Constitution Amendment thereto. The matter in contro­ termination of American combat a.ctivities in and of Title VI of PL 92-156 and other specific versy involves rights, privileges and immuni­ Vietnam, defendants have ordered United Congressional enactments. ties valued in excess of $10,000 exclusive of States Air Force personnel to engage in in­ 3. Declare that defendants' actions re­ interest and costs. tensive aerial bombardment of Cambodia. ferred to in pars. 1 and 2 above are, or would Such bombardment continues to this day, at ill. PLAINTIFFS be, in violation of the Agreement On Ending levels reaching 250 sorties per day, including The War And Restoring Peace In Vietnam of 3. Plaintiff Robert F. Drinan is the duly as many as 50 to 70 sorties by B-52s. elected Member of the United States House January 27, 1973. 15. On information and belief, the bombing 4. Declare that the manner in which the of Representatives from the Fourth Con­ in Cambodia is for the sole or primary pur­ gressional District of Massachusetts, resid­ bombing operations in Cambodia are cur­ pose of intervening in a civil war and is being rently being conducted is in violation of the ing at 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Newton, conducted on a "saturation" basis, resulting Massachusetts. Nuremberg Principles and the body of in­ in great and irreparable damage to civilian ternational law known as the Laws of War. 4. Plaintiff Michael J. Harrington is the life and property and in the death, mutila­ duly elected Member of the United States 5. Grant, if necessary, appropriate equitable tion or displacement of vast numbers of relief enforcing its declaratory judgments, House of Representatives from the Sixth Cambodian civilians. Congressional District of Massachusetts, re­ 16. The Secretary of State, William B. and siding at Bayview Road, Beverly, Massachu­ Rogers, who must be presumed to speak in 6. Grant such other and further relief setts. such matters with the authority and ap­ as to it may seem just and proper. 5. Plaintiff John J. Moakley is the duly proval of one of the defendants herein, Presi­ Dated: Boston, Massachusetts, May 7, elected Member of the United States House dent Nixon, stated to the Senate Foreign Re­ 1973. of Representatives from the Ninth Congres­ lations Committee on April 30, 1973, that "we PETER WEISS, sional District of Massachusetts, residing at have had to intensify our air combat sup­ ALAN RosENBERG, 1812 Columbia Road, Boston, Massachusetts. port, at the request of the Cambodian Gov­ Attorneys tor Plaintiffs. 6. Plaintiff Gerry E. Studds is the duly ernment, due to the heightened Inilitary of­ elected Member of the United States House fensives by Communist Forces". Dept. of of Representatives from the Twelfth Con­ [U.S. District Court for the District of State Press Release No. 124, p. 2. The Secre­ Massachusetts] gressional District of Massachusetts, resid­ tary's Statement, and his accompanying ing at 16 Black Horse Lane, Cohasset, Mass­ memorandum "On Presidential Authority to AFFIDAVIT achusetts. Continue United States Air Combat Opera­ (Robert F. Drinan, Michael J. Harrington, 7. The above-named four plaintiffs, here­ tions in Cambodia" make it clear that cur­ John J. Moakley, and Gerry E. Studds, inafter referred to as "Congressional Plain­ rent United States policy is to continue such individually and in their capacity as Mem­ tiffs", have been deprived by the action operations until "Communist Forces" in bers of the United States House of Repre­ of the defendants of their Constitutional Cambodia, internal as well as external, have sentatives, and Airman First Class James right and obligation to participate, with been bombed into submission. Dept. of State H. Hayden, Plaintiffs, v. Richard M. Nixon, other Members of Congress, in deciding Press Release No. 125. President of the United States, Elliot L. where American forces are to be committed 17. As widely reported in the press, within Richardson, Secretary of Defense, and Rob­ to combat. In addition, they are entitled the past few days Ambassador William H. ert C. Seamans, Jr., Secretary of the Air to a determination as to the legality of de­ Sullivan, our negotiator in Paris, and Presi­ Force, Defendants) fendants' actions complained of herein, un­ dent Nixon himself, have served notice on STATE OF NEW YORK SS: COUNTY OF NEW YORK der their Constitutional duty to determine the other side that, if, in our judgment, they Peter Weiss, being duly sworn, deposes and whether a resolution of impeachment is do not comply fully with the terms of the called for. says; Paris Accords, we reserve our right to resume 1. I represent the plaintiffs herein, and I 8. Plaintiff JAMES H. HAYDEN, is an Air­ military operations, presumably in Vietnam man First Class, serving in the United States make this affidavit in support of their motion and Laos. for a declaratory judgment that the continu­ Air Force, residing at 23 Hartford Street, Bed­ 18. Not only are the bombing of Cambodia ford, Massachusetts. He is currently assigned ation of United States military activity in and the threat of resumption of mUitary ac­ Cambodia and elsewhere in Indochina is in to duties at L. G. Hanscom Field, Massa­ tivity elsewhere in Indochina totally devoid chusetts, and his present tour of duty is due violation of domestic and international law, of any Congressional authorization, express and for such equitable relief as the Court to expire on September 21, 1975. Plaintiff or implied, but Congress has repeatedly Hayden believes that defendants' activities may deem appropriate. stated its firm desire to see all military ac­ 2. As stated by Secretary of State William complained of herein are illegal and that, if tivity by the United States in Indochina forced to participate directly therein, he may P. Rogers before the Senate Foreign Relations come to a complete halt, subject only to Committee on April 30, 1973, the United be deprived of life or liberty without due the safe withdrawal of all U.S. forces from process of law, either by being killed or taken States has conducted air combat operations prisoner in illegal combat operations, or by Vietnam and the return of all prisoners of in Cambodia subsequent to the conclusion being disciplined for disobeying an illegal war, both of which conditions have been ful­ of the Agreement on Ending the War and order. filled. See, e.g., Title VI of PL 92-156, the Restoring Peace in Vietnam on January 27, IV. DEFENDANTS "Mansfield Amendment". 1973, and intends to continue such opera­ 9. Defendant Richard M. Nixon is the VI. CAUSES OF ACTION tions. President of the United States and, upon in­ 19. Defendants' actions in ordering Ameri­ 3. On April27, 1973, Senator Stuart Syming­ formation and belief, is personally respon­ can military forces to engage in combat op­ ton, Chairman of the Subcommittee on U.S. sible for the decision to commence aerial erations in Cambodia, all without the au­ Security Agreements and Commitments combat operations in Cambodia on February thorization of Congress, are in violation of Abroad of the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ 16, 1973, and to continue such operations. Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the Con­ mittee, released a previously classified staff 10. Defendant Elliott L. Richardson is stitution, which confers the exclusive power report of the Subcommittee, "U.S. Air Oper­ the duly appointee Secretary of Defense, con­ to authorize war upon the Congress. The ations in Cambodia: April 1973", dated tinuing to serve in that capacity pending his resumption of U.S. military activities else­ April 27, 1973, by James G. Lowenstein and confirmation as Attorney General. As Secre­ where in Indochina, which has been im­ Richard M. Moose, two members of the Com­ tary of Defense, he is the official responsible Ininently threatened, would likewise be in mittee's staff, based on field investigations for executing the President's decision to com­ violation of Congress' warmaking powers during the period immediately prior to its Init American forces to combat in Cambodia. under the Constitution. preparation. According to this report, 11. Defendant ROBERT C. SEAMANS, JR. 20. Defendants' actions referred to in par. a. The aerial bombardment of Cambodia by fighter bombers and B-52s of the U.S. is the Secretary of the Air Force and, in that 19 above are, or would be, in direct violation Air Force has increased steadily from an capacity, is the civilian official directly re­ of PL 92-156 and other specific Congres­ sponsible for and in control of the bombing average daily rate of 23 tactical sorties and sional mandates. 5 B-52 sorties during the period from Feb­ operations being conducted by the United 21. Defendants' actions in Cambodia are States Air Force in Cambodia. ruary 16 to February 28, 1973, to an average in violation of international law. daily rate of approximately 180 tactical and V. THE INCIDENTS AT ISSUE 22. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at gunship sorties and 58 B-52 sorties by 12. On February 27, 1973, the United States law. April 18. signed, in Paris, the Agreement On Ending Wherefore, plaintiffs pray that this Court: b. These bombing missions are directed by

-.. 14830 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 the U.S. Embassy in Phnom Penh, on the itations", which clearly express the concern duct of military operations in Indochina. He basis of antiquated maps which make it im­ of Congress lest the United States become holds the belief that the current operations possible to observe elementary standards of more deeply involved in the Indochina quag­ in Indochina, as well as possible future op­ safety in preventing loss of civilian life and mire through support of the Cambodian erations, are illegal, and seeks judicial cor­ property. government. Specifically, the number of U.S. robora.tion thereof. He is entitled to such a c. Although these air strikes were origi­ personnel authorized to be present in Cam­ determination because if, in fact, such opera­ nally aimed primarily at interdiction of bodia at any one time is limited to two tions are illegal he would, in the absence of North Vietnamese supply routes leading to hundred (22 U.S.C. § 2416) and the Presi­ the requested judicial determination, be South Vietnam, by the first part of April the dent is required to submit quarterly reports placed in the intolerable position of either vast preponderance of such strikes were to Congress containing the amount of funds subjecting himself to punishment for dis­ aimed against Cambodian insurgent forces obligated in or for Cambodia and their pur­ obeying his military superiors or failing in engaged in a civil war with the U.S.-backed pose (22 U.S.C. § 2415(f)). Even more signifi­ his duty to disobey lllegal orders. In addi­ regime of Marshal Lon N ol. cantly, 22 U.S.C. § 2415 (g) provides that the tion, if plaintiff is ordered to participate di­ 4. As stated by the Court of Appeals for foreign aid authorization for Cambodia rectly in combat in Indochina, pursuant to the District of Columbia Circuit in Mitchell "shall not be construed as a commitment illegal orders, he would be subject to the loss v. Laird, 41 LW 2526, on March 20, 1973, the by the United States to Cambodia for its of his life or liberty in violation of his rights Congressional plaintiffs herein "have a duty defense." under the Fifth Amendment. under the Constitution to consider whether Combat air operations over Cambodia are 12. As has been widely reported in the defendants in continuing the hostilities [are exempted from these limitations, but the leg­ press, within the past several days, President committing) high crimes and misdemeanors islative history of PL 92-226 leaves no doubt NiXon has announced that he may order U.S. so as to justify an impeachment of the in­ that the sole purpose of such exemption combat operations in or over Vietnam tore­ dividual defendants, pursuant to the United was to prevent any possible jeopardy to the sume if the other side to the Indochinese States Constitution, Art. I, Sec. 2, Clause 5." continuing withdrawal of U.S. forces from conflict does not comply fully with the terms 41 LW 2526, at p. 2527; Slip Opinion, p. 3. Vietnam (Senate Report No. 92--431, U.S. of the Paris Accords. 5. The doctrine of the First Circuit, as Code Cong. & Admin. News, 92nd Cong., 2nd 13. Upon information and belief, the daily enunciated in Massachusetts v. Laird, 451 Sess., pp. 1896-1899.) cost of the U.S. combat operations in Cam­ F .2d 26 ( 1971) , is that questions concerning 7. Article 20 of the Agreement on Ending bodia, at their current level, is in excess of the legality of "Presidential" wars are jus­ the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam $1,000,000. ticiable and that, in a situation where the imposes a solemn obligation on the United 14. No prior request for the same or sim­ executive branch is engaged in a war to States to recognize "the independence, sov­ ilar relief has been made by the plaintiffs which the legislative branch is clearly op­ ereignty, unity, and territorial integrity" of herein to any court. A request for similar posed, a court "might well" hold that the Cambodia, to "put an end to all military ac­ relief was made by Congresswoman Elizabeth Constitution has been breached. tivities in Cambodia" and to allow the in­ Holtzman in the United States District Court 6. Whatever Congressional authorization ternal affairs of Cambodia to be settled by its for the Eastern District of New York on April may have existed at one point for American people without foreign interference. Even 18, 1973; Holtzman v. Richardsdn, 73 Civ. military operations in Indochina became in­ if it were true that the government of North 537. That proceeding is currently pending. operative with the signing of the Paris Ac­ Vietnam is interfering in a significant way 15. Because of the emergency nature of cords last January and the subsequent with­ in the civil war now raging in Cambodia-­ this application, it would be impossible to drawal of U.S. grand forces from Vietnam a point on which the Senate Foreign Rela­ proceed by Notice of Motion. Moreover, the and release of U.S. prisoners of war held by tions Subcommittee Report, mentioned in need for expeditious relief renders it impos­ the enemy. Congress not only has failed to Paragraph 3 above, casts considerable sible to await the service of defendants' an­ condone, expressly or implicitly, the resump­ doubt-this would not relieve the United swer prior to seeking judgment. tion of bombing in Cambodia on February 16, but has repeatedly declared its firm dis­ States of its obligations under Article 20 of l'ETER WEISS. approval of any military operations in Cam­ the Agreement. The Act of the International bodia in support of the Lon Nol Government Conference on Vietnam, signed in Paris on or any other Cambodian Government. Thus, March 2, 1973 by the United States and a a. Title VI of the Military Procurement number of other countries, provides, in Ar­ ENVffiONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT Authorization for Fiscal 1972 (PL 92-156), ticle 7(2), that "in the event of a violation OF 1973 known as "The Mansfield Amendment," dec­ of the Agreement or the Protocols ... the lared it to be "the policy of the United States parties signatories of the Agreement and Pro­ to terminate at the earliest practicable date tocols shall either individually or jointly HON. JOHN D. DINGELL consult with the other parties to this Act, all military operations of the United States OF MICHIGAN with a view to determining the necessary in Indochina, and to provide for the prompt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and orderly withdrawal of all United States remedial measures." Thus, continuing U.S. military forces at a date certain, subject to aerial bombardment of Cambodia constitutes Tuesday, May 8, 1973 the release of all American prisoners of war a violation of the treaty obligations assumed held by the Government of North Vietnam by the United States in Paris on January 27, Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ and forces allied with such Government and 1973 and March 2, 1973. day introducing legislation to amend the an accounting for all Americans missing in 8. Regardless of the legality or illegality of National Environmental Policy Act of action who have been held by or known to current United States military operations in 1969 by enlarging the capability of citi­ such Government or such forces." Cambodia under the Constitution and the zens to prosecute legal actions in cases b. Title VI of the Draft Extension Act of Paris Accords, the manner in which such where present law inhibits such actions. 1971 (PL 92-129) contained virtually iden­ operations are being conducted is in viola­ The bill which Congressmen ECKHARDT, tical language, but in terms of "the sense tion of the body of international law con­ of Congress," rather than "the policy of the demning the mass destruction of the lives McCLOSKEY, BREAUx, STunns, and I are United States." and property of innocent civilians, including introducing is a counterpart to a bill c. All six military appropriations bills en­ the Nuremberg Principles and the applicable introduced in the Senate by Senators acted since the Camodian invasion of 1970 provisions of the Hague and Geneva Con­ HART and McGovERN and a number of have contained the following language, com­ ventions. their colleagues. It has received support monly known as the "Fulbright Proviso": 9. Under Article I, Sec. 8, Clause 11 of the from a wide selection of public orga­ " ... nothing [herein) shall be construed Constitution, vesting power to declare war in nizations: conservation groups, consumer as authorizing the use of any such funds the Congress, the Congressional plaintiffs to support Vietnamese or other free world are entitled to a determination whether the groups, labor unions, environmental forces in actions designed to provide military military activities being conducted in Cam­ groups, and others. support and assistance to the government of bodia under the direction of defendants con­ It was almost exactly 4 years ago that Cambodia or Laos: Provided further, that stitute a usurpation of that power. our committee began hearings on the nothing contained in this section shall be 10. Under Article I, Sec. 2, Clause 5 of the legislation that ultimately became the construed to prohibit support of actions re­ Constitution, the Congressional plaintiffs are National Environmental Policy Act of quired to insure the safe and orderly with­ entitled to a determination whether the mili­ 1969. Events since that time have indi­ drawal or disengagement of U.S. Forces from tary activities being conducted in Cambodia Southeast Asia, or to aid in the release of under the direction of defendants are in vio­ cated the validity of the premise upon Americans held as prisoners of war." PL 91- lation of domestic and international law, so which NEPA was based: That citizen in­ 441, 84 Stat. 905; PL 91-668, 84 Stat. 2020; as to justify their impeachment for high volvement in environmental decision­ PL 92-156, 85 Stat. 423; PL 92-204, 85 Stat. crimes and misdemeanors. making improves the quality of the de­ 716; PL 92--436, 86 Stat. 734; PL 92-570, 86 11. Plaintiff Hayden, a member of the cisions made, and that accessibility or Stat.l184. United States Air Force whose current tour accountability of the declsionmaker is an d. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 of duty is not scheduled to terminate until important element in the process. (PL 92-226) contains a number of provisions, September 1975, may, at any time prior there• The bill which we are introducing to­ known as "The Cambodian Assistance Lim- to, receive orders involving him in the con• day takes the next important step_!!l_as_- May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14831 suring that the decisionmakers remain H.R. 7592 "(c) Upon clear and convincing e;•idence fully accountable. It counteracts a tend­ A bill to amend the National Environmental offered by any defending party in a suit Policy Act of 1969 to provide for citizens under this title that a temporary restrain­ ency, already visible within the bureauc­ ing order or preliminary injunction will re­ racy, to treat the National Environ­ actions in the United States district courts against persons responsible for creating sult in irreparable damage to such party, mental Policy Act as a formula requiring certain environmental hazards the court may condition the issuance of such paper compliance and little if any active order or injunction upon the plaintiff or and positive consideration of the en­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House plaintiffs giving security to cover the costs of Representatives of the United States of and damages that may be incurred and suf­ vironmental significance of proposed America in Congress assembled, That the Federal actions. fered by such party if relief is wrongly National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 granted. Such security shall not be required For the information of my colleagues, (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347) is amended by adding if, in the judgment of the court, imposition I ask to have reprinted in the RECORD a at the end thereof the following new title: would unreasonably hinder the plaintiff or strong letter of support for the proposed "TITLE III-ACTIONS TO PROTECT plaintiffs in the maintenance of the suit, bill, together with a copy of the bill ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY would tend unreasonably to prevent a full which we are introducing today. "SUBTITLE A-GENERAL PROVISIONS and fair hearing on the action or activity The documents follow: "SHORT TITLE complained of, or would otherwise not be in COMMITTEE FOR THE ENVmONMENTAL the public interest. Except as provided in "SEc. 301. This title may be cited as the this subsection, no bond shall be required by PROTECTION ACT 'Environmental Protection Act of 1973'. the court of any plaintiff in a suit '-lnd~r this MAY 3, 1973. "FINDINGS AND PURPOSES title. Hon. JoHN D. DINGELL, "SEc. 302. (a) The Congress :finds and de­ "(d) In a suit under this title, the court Hon. RoBERT EcKHARDT, clares that each person is entitled by right may appoint a master to take testimony and House of Representatives, to the protection and enhancement of en­ to make a report. The court or mast<:l\", as Washington, D.C. vironmental quality and that each person well as the parties to the suit, may S'lbpena DEAR MESSRS. DINGELL AND ECKHARDT: En­ has a responsibility to contribute to the pro­ expert wtinesses and have the assistance of Vironmentalists and public interest lawyers tection and enhancement of the environ­ nationwide service of process for the p>:Federation, Natural Resources Defense Coun­ State, the District of Columbia, the Com­ geographical regions. The Director shall op­ cll, The Wilderness Society, Trout Unlimited. monwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territorial erate the environmental registry, maintain We, the undersigned, wish to convey our possession of the United States. materials relating to the rights recognized in strong support and concern for this vital "PROCEDURE this title, and provide for payment of legislation. "SEc. 304. (a) Suits may be brought under membership fees to cover the cost of the Most sincerely, this title by any person or persons who are notice provided under subsection (b) of Americans for Democratic Action. adversely affected or aggrieved by the action this section. Arizonans for a Quality Environment. or activity which is the subject of the suit "(b) Upon the filing of the original com­ Campaign Clean Water. or who speak knowingly for the environ­ plaint in a suit under this title, the clerk of Citizens Committee on Natural Resources. mental values asserted in such suit. the court in which such suit is filed shall Common Cause. "(b) When two or more actions, at least promptly send a copy of the complaint and Emergency Committee on the Transporta- one of which is brought under this title and attached exhibits and affidavits to the Direc­ tion Crisis. all of which involve the same defendant and tor. Upon receipt, the Director shall promptly Environmental Action, Inc. a common question of law or fact, are pend­ send a notice of such pending litigation to Environmental Policy Center. ing in two or more jurisdictions, such pend­ each person listed in the environmental Friends of the Earth. ing proceedings, upon application of any registry as of that date. The notice shall Marvin L. Goldberg, chairman, Federation party reasonably made to the court of one state- of American Scientists. such jurisdiction, may, if the court so " ( 1) the names of the parties to the Metropolitan Coalition for Clean Air. decides, with the concurrence of the courts action; Michigan Student Environmental Federa­ of the other jurisdictions concerned, after "(2) the date on which the complaint tion, Doug Scott, Washington Representative. giving due consideration of the convenience was :filed; League of Women Voters of the United of parties and witnesses and the order in "(3) the name and address of the court States. which the suits were originally filed, be con­ in which the suit is pending; National Coalition on the Transportation solidated for trial by order of such court. "(4) the allegations in the complaint and Crisis. The court granting such order of consolida­ the relief requested, in summary form; and Northern Virginia. Conservation Council. tion shall give prompt notification thereof to "(5) the procedure for obtaining expedi­ Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union. the other courts having jurisdiction of the tiously a copy of the documents in the suit, Sierra. Club. cases covered thereby. Nothing in this suo­ including the cost of a reproduction copy. Zero Population Growth. section shall be construed to preclude con­ Upon receipt of a copy of an original com­ (Contact: Doann Haines, Jim Conroy, En­ solidation in any case not specifically referred plaint pursuant to this subsection, the Di­ vironmental Action, Inc., 833-1845.) to in this subsection. rector shall also cause a copy of such com- 14832 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 plaint, or a summary thereof, to be published ments for the protection of environmental "SUBTITLE C-SUITS To ENFORCE AGENCY REG· in the Federal Register. quality prescribed for agency action in such ULATIONS AND To ENJOIN ENVIRONMENTALLY "(c) Any person who is entitled to bring a statute, or HARMFUL ACTIVITY suit under this title may, in accordance with "(B) notwithstanding that such action is "APPLICABILITY applicable rules of civil procedure, intervene consistent with such requirements, to the as of right as a plaintiff in any suit under extent that the agency has discretion in the "SEc. 321. (a) A person, on his own behalf this title with respect to any questions of matter- or on behalf of other persons similarly sit­ law or fact in common with the original "(i) the environmental and economic costs uated, may maintain a suit in accordance complaint. In deciding the timeliness of ap­ of the action exceed the benefits to be derived with this subtitle for declaratory or tem­ plications to intervene, the court shall con­ from such action, or porary or permanent equitable relief, includ­ sider the operation of the notice provisions (li) the agency fails to select, within the mg mandatory relief, to protect environ­ referred to in subsection (b) of this section limits of its discretion, an alternative to the mental quality from activity if- and shall insure that there is adequate op­ action in question which creates less risk of " ( 1) such activity allegedly constitutes an portunity to respond to the notice provided. environmental damage, is of comparable so­ impairment or degradation of environmental "(d) The Director shall submit annually to cial (including environmental) benefit, does quality under subsection (c); the Congress, together with copies of the not involve unreasonable additional costs, "(2) such activity allegedly constitutes a and meets a similar need; or major action significantly affecting the qual­ annual report required to be submitted un­ ity of the environment; der section 604 (a) ( 4) of title 28, United "(3) with re!'lpect to any action taken, such States Code, a statement of the number of action is in violation of a Federal agency "(3) such suit seeks enhancement of en­ actions brought under this title, the number standard, order, permit, or other regulation vironmental quality through activity more for the protection of environmental quality. pr~tective of environmental quality; and of such actions dismissed, settled, or brought ( 4) such activity allegedly affects inter­ to trial, and the number of such actions " (c) A suit under this subtitle may be brought without regard to the amount in state commerce. which appear to arise out of the same trans­ "(b) A suit under this subtitle may be action or occurrence as any previous suit controversy in any district court of the United States in which venue is appropriate maintained against any person to the extent under this title or any other Federal statute permitted by the eleventh amendment to relating to environmental quality. under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code; except that if such suit concerns a the Constitution of the United States, except "LIMITATIONS specific agency action under a Federal statute that no suit may be brought under this sub­ "SEc. 306. (a) No suit may be brought un­ which includes a provision for review of any title against any Federal agency. der this title against the Congress of the such action affecting environmental quality "(c) An activity constitutes an impair­ United States. under such statute, the suit shall be brought ment or degradation of environmental qual­ "(b) Nothing in this title shall be con­ in conformity with the venue requirements ity of- strued to affect the specific statutory obliga­ and time limitations of such provisions. " ( 1) where standards, orders, permits, or other regulations for the protection of en­ tions of any Federal agency or any other "REMEDY person- vironmental quality issued by a Federal "(1) to comply with criteria or standards "SEC. 312. (a) The court shall grant what­ a?ency are applicable to the activity in ques­ of environmental quality; ever equitable relief is necessary to prevent tlOn; or where standards, orders, permits, or "(2) to coordinate or consult with any impairment or degradation of environmental other regulations issued by a State or political other Federal or State agency; or quality, including declaratory judgments and subdivision thereof, pursuant to the Clean "(3) to act or refrain from acting contin­ mandatory or prohibitive injunctive relief, Air Act ( 42 U .S.C. 1857 et seq.), or the Federal gent upon the recommendations or certifica­ upon an affirmative finding with respect to Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1151 tion of any other Federal or State agency, paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of section et seq), are applicable to such activities· 3ll(a). such activity is in violation of such regula: to the extent that such obligations are more "(b) The court is authorized to grant in­ tions; or protective of environmental quality than terim equitable relief in suits under this sub­ :· (2) where no such standards, orders, per­ those arising under this title. title. Such relief may include relief against nuts, o~ regulations are appllcable- "OTHER REMARKS any agency pending the completion of agency "(A) the environmental and economic "SEc. 307. Nothing in this title shall be con­ procedures leading to an agency action or costs of the activity exceed the benefits to be strued to restrict any right or remedy which against any person whose activities may be derived from such activity; or a person may have under any other provi­ prohibited, controlled, or authorized by such "(B) the defendant can accomplish the sion of law or at common law, to seek relief agency action. purpose of such activity in an alternative or redress to protect himself or environmen­ " (c) The court may refer the parties or manner which creates less risk of environ­ tal quality. remand the action in any suit maintained mental damage, is of comparable social (in­ under this subtitle to the administrative and cluding environmental) benefit, and does not "SUBTITLE B-SUITS To REVIEW ACTIONS OF regulatory procedures provided by other law involve unreasonable additional costs. FEDERAL AGENCIES or regulation. The court shall order such ref­ "(d) A suit under this subtitle may be "APPLICABILITY erence or remand upon a finding that expe­ brought without regard to the amount in "SEc. 311. (a) A person, on his own behalf ditious and informed resolution of the action controversy in any district court of the or on behalf of other persons similarly situ­ would be advanced by reference or remand in United States in which venue is appropriate ated, may maintain a suit in accordance whole or in part. Nothing in this subsection under section 1391 of title 28, United States with this title for review of an action of a shall be deemed to prevent the granting of Code. Such jurisdiction shall be concurrent Federal agency, including promulgation or interim equitable relief necessary to protect with that of the courts of the several States. failure to promulgate a rule or regulation, the rights recognized in this title. "REMEDY 1f- "(d) If an action is remanded under sub­ "SEc. 322. (a) The court shall grant such "(1) such agency action allegedly con­ section (c) , the court may direct the agency relief as is necessary to prevent impairment stitutes an impairment or degradation of en­ in question to take additional evidence sub­ or degradation of environmental quallty up­ :vironmental quality under subsection (b) ; ject to such terms and conditions as the on an affirmative finding with respect to "(2) such agency action allegedly con­ court may prescribe. The court may also take paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of section stitutes a major action significantly affecting additional evidence itself in any suit under 321 (a). the quality of the human environment with­ this title if it determines that the taking of "(b) The court may grant interim equita­ in the meaning of section 102 of this Act; such evidence will most effectively and effi­ ble relief where required and for such period and ciently protect the rights recognized in this of time as is necessary to protect the rights "(3) such suit seeks enhancement of en­ title. recognized in this title. vironmental quality through agency action "(e) In a suit under this subtitle any de­ "(c) The court may refer the parties or more protective of environmental quality. termination of questions of fact by a Federal remand the action in any suit maintained "(b) An action of a Federal agency con­ agency and agency action, findings, and con­ under this title to the administrative and stitutes an impairment or degradation of clusions based on such determination shall regulatory procedures provided by other law environmental quality if- be presumed to be correct unless such pre­ or regulation. The court shall order such ref­ "(1) with respect to action taken pursuant sumption is rebutted by a preponderance of erence or remand upon a finding that ex­ to the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.), the evidence. peditions and informed resolution of the ac­ tion would be advanced by reference or re­ or the Federal Water Pollution Control Act "(f) In a suit under this subtitle, all ques­ tions of law shall be determined by the court. mand in whole or in part. Resort to such (33 U.S.C. 1151 et seq.), the agency action There shall be no presumption as to the cor­ procedures shall not be required if such suit fails to comply with any explicit substantive rectness of agency determinations of ques­ is maintained to enforce administrative regu­ or procedural requirements for the protection tions of law. lations as provided in section 321 (c) ( 1) . This of environmental quality prescribed for "(g) Except as otherwise provided or as subsection shall not be construed to limit agency action in such statute; otherwise required to effect ·the provisions the authority of the court under subsection "(2) with respect to action taken pursuant and purposes of this title, the provisions o:f (a) or (b). to any other Federal statute- chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code (re­ "NOTICE "(A) such action fails to comply with any lating to judicial review) , shall apply to all "SEc. 323. (a) No suit may be commenced explicit substantive or procedural require- suits under this subtitle. under this subtitle- - May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14833 " ( 1) until the plaintiff has given notice papers including the Christian Science Moni­ employment laws and take effective affirma.­ of intention to commence such suit to-­ tor and as correspondent at large for the tive action. "(A) the defendant; Architectural Forum. I am a professor of ur­ Women, a voting majority (51.3% of the "(B) the attorney general of the State or ban studies at the University Without Walls population) are almost totally excluded from States in which the activity which is the sub­ in Roxbury, Mass., and I am a member of the foundation boards and executive positions ject of such suit has occurred; and Housing Committee of the N3.tional Urban and therefore from all decision-making by "(C) the Council on Environmental Qual­ League, and chairperson of the New Towns foundations. Women are quite under-repre­ ity; except that upon a showing by the plain­ Subcominittee. I hold a professional clegree sented in all higher salaried staff positions tiff of irreparable harm, this notice require­ in architecture from Harvard. in all foundations, but especially at the larg­ ment may, in the discretion of the court, be Today I speak for N.O.W., the largest civil est one, (the Ford Foundation). Foundations waived or modified; or rights organization for women, founded in use their enormous wealth and power against "(2) if a Federal or State agency is dill­ 1966 with over 500 chapters in every state women by omitting equal employment gently pursuing a suit for relief similar to of the union. clauses in their funding of programs and in­ that sought by the plaintiff, under this sub­ The purpose of this testimony is to see:.: stitutions. My case study of the Ford Founda­ title or otherwise; except that such plaintiff redress for continuing illegal discrimination tion where I applied for a job clearly shows may intervene as a matter of right in any by tax free institutions, speclflcally univer­ discrimination. My analysis of foundation an­ such suit to protect the rights recognized sities and grant-making foundations. Women nual reports shows an almost total absence in this title. of all races and minority men are compelled of women on all foundation boards and staffs. "(b) In any suit brought under this sub­ to pay the taxes these institutions do not pay Both studies are on file and may be seen title, any government agency whose jurisdic­ and therefore they subsidize them. Al~o the in Mr. Martin's office or can be obtained from tion extends to the environmental impact ot federal government subsidizes these same in­ me. the activity in question may, if not a party, stitutions every time that a donor deducts Almost all tax free educational and grant intervene as a matter of right. his or her contribution to one of them. These making institutions show a similar situa­ "COORDINATION WITH STATES same institutions continue to exclude women tion: a total absence of women, especially and minority men illegally from equal par­ in well paid decision making positions. One "SEc. 324. (a) No suit may be brought ticipation as staff, as students, as teachers, result is that grants almost invariably go to under this subtitle with respect to an activ­ as administrators, and especially on their men and/or organizations run by men. Schol­ ity which is specifically authorized or ap­ policy making boards, except occasionally as arship granting organizations and honor so­ proved by the government of any State or tokens. cieties of all kinds almost entirely exclude political subdivision of such State. This sub­ Taxes have increased enormously and they women from their decision making bodies, section is inapplicable if such activity (1) and consequently from their honors and results in or reasonably may result 1n a signif­ have increased out of all proportion for the lowest paid sector of the population. The grants. Until quite recently many prestigious icant effect on environmental quality out­ scholarships were only available to men, side such State or political subdivision, or large majority of the lowest paid work force is women. Women will not tolerate this though their donors and organizations are (2) is in violation of standards, orders, per­ tax free that is subsidized by women. mits, or regulations referred to in section 321 doubly discriminating situation any longer. The participation of women in the labor force Statistics show that 27.1 % of the budg­ (c) (1). is constantly increasing. ets of private universities and 24.7% of the "(b) If a judgment is rendered under this In 1920 only 23 % of the labor force were budgets of public universities come from subtitle against a political subdivision of a women. foundation grants according to the National State, such State shall assume financial re­ In 1970 only 38% of the labor force were Association of State Universities and Land sponsibility for any expenses which are in­ women. Grant Colleges. curred as a result of such judgment if the Today only 43% of all workers are wo:nen. While public moneys and contracts may laws of such State limit the capacity of the While women are increasing rapidly among not be used where discrimination exists, political subdivision to raise the revenues foundation grants, though they are publicly needed to pay such expenses. In any suit workers in less skilled jobs according to La­ bor Department statistics they are decreasing subsidized, continue to go to universities which might lead to any such judgment, the even if HEW withholds public funds due to State shall be joined as a party." in the professions on the managerial level, and in all decision making jobs: precisely in the institutions' non-compliance with the the areas where a great deal of education law. On top of that universities and foun­ is required. dations while they actively discriminate and Women furthermore according to the De­ break the law, continue to enjoy tax exemp­ FOUNDATIONS AND WOMEN: A partment of Labor are underutillzed in re­ tions worth billions of dollars-taxes that POOR RECORD lation to their educational achievement and have to be made up by those who suffer most inadequately represented in the leading pro­ from this discrimination: women. That is, fessions. Discrimination at higher educa­ women are compelled to finance their own HON. BELLA S. ABZUG tion institutions and professional schools is exclusion from society and from education OF NEW YORK very much to blame for this, especially at and from all well paid decision making jobs. It is not the intention of the tax-free IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the prestigious private universities that take the lead (see education chart). status of the universities and foundations Tuesday, May 8, 1973 Universities have been ordered to comply to give them the license to illegally discrim­ inate. It is not in the interests of Con­ Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I would like with the Equal Employment legislation, Ti­ tle vn of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as gress to permit the arrogant administrators, to draw the attention of my ~olleagu~s amended, and specifically by making Affirma­ especially of the large rich private univer­ to the testimony of Prof. Franziska Hos­ tive Action Plans. But these plans, especial­ sities (led by Harvard) and the enormously ken, delivered before the House Ways ly in the case of the large prestigious pri­ wealthy powerful foundations (led by the and Means Committee on Friday, April vate universities, for instance at Harvard Ford Foundation) to subvert not only the 20. (which has an endowment of over two bil­ responsibility and mandate of being granted Professor Hosken testified on the sub­ lion dollars) have had hardly any positive tax privileges but in addition to wilfully ject of the employment and grant-mak­ results (my case study of the group com­ subvert the equal employment legislation ing policies of our Nation's foundations. plaint I initiated against the Graduate of the land. We must again remind the law­ School of Design at Harvard will serve as makers that large corporations have accepted As you will discover in reading her testi­ an example. A year long investigation by the equal employment legislation and that wom­ mony, the foundations of A.!nerica, while Civil Rights Office of the Department of en are a majority of the electorate. receiving the benefits of tax-exempt Health, Education and Welfare resulted in Women due to discrimination are unable status, practice blatant discrinLnation showing not only that my complaint was to advance in the labor force though they in the hiring of professional staff, in the justified at the GSD but that discrimination work in ever larger numbers. The taxes appointment of women and minorities exists throughout the university but especial­ women must pay as the largest group of to their boards anr.i in the types of activ­ ly in the administration and graduate the working poor are among the highest in ities which receive their funds. schools. The case study is on file in Mr. the land. As Fortune Magazine in the De­ Martin's office or may be obtained from me.) cember issue states in an article "The I hope that the members of the Ways Yet in only very isolated cases has the Civil Right Kind of Tax Reform" by Richard and Means Committee and all Members Rights Office of the Department of Health, Armstrong (based on numerous technical of the House will pay particular atten­ Education and Welfare moved against any studies including the Brookings Institute) tion to this matter, and I include at this universities to temporarily withhold govern­ "One group clearly discriminated against by point in the RECORD Professor Hosken's ment funds. the present tax system is the working poor­ excellent statement: families are paying a tax of 50 percent--a Tax free foundations, especially the larg­ rate not reached again until the highest FOUNDATIONS AND WOMEN: A POOR RECORD est ones, led by the Ford Foundation (with bracket." I am grateful for the opportunity to testi­ a capital of almost three billion dollars) give As shown above, these working poor are f y on behalf of the National Organization f:>r millions annually to universities, educational by a large majority women and especially Women. My name is Fran Hosken; I am a institutions and institutes {all tax free) the growing number of women-headed journalist in urban affairs and write for many without requiring that the recipients observe families. According to Labor Department CXIX--936-Part 12 14834 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 statistics the earning gap between similarly velop their abilities in our society must first unacceptable. The pollution is harmful to employed men and women which is a stag­ of all be guaranteed equal access to all ed­ our waters, threatening to our health, and gering monument of discrimination is getting ucational institutions and positions and to aesthetically repugnant to society. even worse. The median income of women all foundation moneys supporting educa­ 2. Treatment to the extent called "ad­ was 63.9% of the median income of men tion because without education they can­ vanced primary" has been agreed upon by in 1955. But the 1970 statistics show women not succeed. Women as a voting majority competent scientists and engineers. This earn only on the average 59.4% for equal will not tolerate their exclusion for the bene­ degree of treatment will prevent environ­ work of similarly employed men. fit of a few. But most of all Congress must mental degradation to the receiving waters, We submit that this commit tee should realize that the nation can no longer tolerate remove the threat to human health and pro­ address itself to these urgent problems that such a loss. vide an aesthetically acceptable system. are responsive to tax legislation in general 3. Federal law now requires that this and specifically to the tax exemptions waste discharge be subjected to "secondary" granted to the educational institutions and treatment, without regard to other extenuat­ grant making foundations who break the LEGISLATING ENERGY DRAIN: TWO ing circumstances. law and keep women from attaining equal SIDES OF ENVIRONMENTAL REFORM No one would argue against the applica­ educational administrative and decision tion of the primary degree of treatment as making positions. We submit the country having a favorable ecological cost-benefit. can no longer tolerate the loss of talent re­ However, let us look at the energy costs of sulting from the wilful illegal exclusion of HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA the alternative treatment processes. It may women. Foundation administrators reserve OF HAWAll help us to establish a basis for obtaining an especially the prest igious well paid decision IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exemption from the arbitrary requirement of making jobs to their own "in group." One secondary treatment at this location. look at the present foundation presidents, Tuesday, May 8, 1973 The planned system of advanced primary trustees and decision makers and their coun­ Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, at a treatment will require an annual energy in­ terparts at private universities confirms this time when environmental concerns are put of 12,864,000 kilowatt hours at a cost of statement. The president of the Ford Foun­ $225,000.00, and requiring 22,450 barrels of dation Mr. McGeorge Bundy, his adminis­ so critical and require so much of our is to fuel-all this over and above the current en­ trative vice president, Mr. Arthur Trotten­ legislative efforts, it important not ergy utilization. If secondary treatment wit h berg, are former Harvard Deans. overlook potential environmental harm hypochlorite generation as now required is The former president of Harvard is now which proposed solutions may themselves added, the increase alone for these additions president of the Andrew W. Mellon Founda­ create. would be 17,200.000 kilowatt hours of power, tion, Mr. Nathan Pusey, and the examples Recently Dr. Richard E. Marland, head costing $300,000.00, and requiring an addi­ of exchanges between foundation and uni­ of Hawaii's Environmental Quality Con­ tional 30,000 barrels of fuel oil per year. versity administrators are endless: all ex­ trol Office, offered an illumination of the There is little doubt in my mind that the cluding women in the entire educational benefits to our environment from increasing establishment and funding process which problems caused when the diseconomies the degree of treatment in no way justify discriminates against women and minorities of certain controls overweigh the econ­ the more than double energy demand and yet women must support these institutions omies, both in a monetary and an en­ economic cost. In fact, there is a stronger with their taxes. vironmental sense. case for alleging that the application of sec­ We ask to have the tax-free status of the In the belief that Dr. Marland's ondary treatment plus chlorination would universities and foundations reexamined and thoughts will prove beneficial to my col­ result in environmental harm. suspended until such time as they make some leagues, especially as they relate to the Surely, conservation minded citizens realistic and fundamental changes and be­ need for careful balancing of all environ­ should not accept this excessive cost in come the open and equal institutions they wasted energy, We hope the Federal Govern­ were meant to be: they must honestly carry mental gains against all costs, I submit ment will agree. out their responsibilities to the nation and to an excerpt from Dr. Marland's speech for all the citizens, female and male, black, inclusion in the RECORD: brown and white, for which they were granted ENERGY NEEDS IN COPING WITH ENVmON­ the tax privileges they enjoy. Specifically we MENTAL PROBLEMS, A PRESENTATION TO THE THE OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACK ask that the same clauses that apply to pub­ SEMINAR, "ENERGY, THE ULTIMATE ENVIRON• BUSINESS IN CLEVELAND, 1973 lic moneys should apply to foundation funds MENTAL PROBLEM?" APRIL 13, 1973 so they cannot be used where discrimina­ (An excerpt of a Speech by Dr. Richard E. tion exists. Foundations should be made re­ Marland, Interim Director, Office of En­ HON. LOUIS STOKES sponsible for carrying out this mandate or vironmental Quality Control, State of OF OHIO lose their tax exemptions. Hawaii) The best way to allow women to enter the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As one may judge from the title of this mainstream of American professional life is Tuesday, May 8, 1973 to require the private foundations and the paper, our efforts to control pollution of our tax exempt institutions to stop practicing water, air and land place a new and signifi­ Mr STOKES. Mr. Speaker, the neces­ discrimination. If they refuse, their tax ex­ cant demand on the energy resources of the sity to develop minority business is a empt and tax deductible status should be world. With few exceptions the processes subject upon which there is agreement terminated by the Internal Revenue Serv­ which we are applying to waste water treat­ among disadvantaged people and mem­ ice in the same manner in which the IRS has ment, removal of air pollutants from factory and automobile emissions and the improved bers of the establishment. James C. Davis terminated tax deductible status for private is schools and colleges which practice racial management of our solid wastes all call for a distinguished Cleveland attorney or religious discrimination. energy input. and a senior partner in a prestigious law An obvious result of these new demands is firm. He is chairman of the Greater Universities and foundations as tax exempt, the further depletion of our existing sources publicly subsidized institutions must by any Cleveland Growth Association, the or­ of energy Thus, as environmentalists, we ganization which works to stimulate and all means, including affirmative action find ourselves on the horns of a dilemma and with the help of N.O.W., materially en­ On the one hand, we seek to implement business development in the Cleveland large immediately the participation of women energy-consuming practices and processes area. on their boards, in all decision making posi­ which will preserve the quality of our en­ Jim Davis has always had a real in­ tions, on their staffs and student bodies on vironment, and on the other, we seek to con­ terest in minority affairs. Several years pain of jeopardizing their tax exemptions. serve the dwindling supplies of non-renew­ ago he spoke to the Cleveland Bar As­ And the same goes for minorities. Women's able energy sources. Further, to complicate organizations can provide large numbers of sociation. He urged the white establish­ the problem, one cannot simply decide that ment to work for a community in which qualifled candidates. the importance of one aspect is so great that It is especially important that not another we should ignore the other. people of both races could "live together generation of young women be sacrified to ... Another area of potential solutions to harmoniously in mutual respect and the discriminatory, illegal self-serving pol­ our problem lies in more careful cost-benefit prosperity."' Recently, he spoke to the icies of exclusion practiced by the administra­ analysis of environmental benefits which re­ annual meeting of the Cleveland Busi­ tors at universities and foundations. quire energy input. In this respect, I refer to ness League, a group of black business­ This nation and the democratic process is an ecological cost-benefit, not only an anal­ men. He described the racial progress in serious trouble if it continues to discrimi­ ysis in terms of dollars. Let me cite one which had been made in Cleveland sin.ce nate against women who have a voting ma­ example, but a very important one, his earlier speech and discussed the pros­ jority. Most of all we can no longer afford to The City and County of Honolulu is about permit the talents of over half the popula­ to start construction of the long-awaited pects for continued progress and the ex­ tion to go un-used or under-used. Women waste water treatment plant on Sand Island. pansion of minority business. I am sure must actively participate in the future of the Careful study of this system has produced his remarks will be of interest to my col­ country: they are the country's greatest hope the following facts: leagues. The full text of his speech fol­ for peace. Women if they are to fully de- 1. The existing discharge of raw wastes is lows: May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14835

THE OPPORTUNITY FOR BLACK BUSINESS IN Cleveland-but in Detroit, Chicago, Wash­ Increasingly, black business and profes­ CLEVELAND, 1973 ington, D.C. and other major American cities. sional men have emerged and been accepted (By James E. Davis) That was a time when only radicals seemed as leaders in the counsels of our major busi­ to be heard-both radical blacks and radical ness and professional organizations. In appraising the opportunity for black whites. The riots were destructive-they pro­ Perhaps the largest professional organiza­ business in Cleveland in 1973, one must ex­ duced bloodshed and death-they increased tion in Cleveland is the Cleveland Bar Asso­ amine the present in light of the past and racial polarization and hatred-but they did ciation, and certainly the principle orga­ thereby seek to forecast the future. Where accomplish one constructive result. And in nization of Cleveland business is the Greater we are today is the inevitable result of where my judgment--only one. Cleveland Growth Association. Blacks have we were yesterday and our experiences of These disturbances served for the first assumed and successfully discharged respon­ both today and yesterday, provide our best time to awaken much of our white popula­ sible staff positions in both of these orga­ guide to where we will find ourselves tomor­ tion to the !lreadth and depth of our inter­ nizat ions. Blacks are represented in increas­ row. racial problems. As a result, both white and ing numbers in the governing councils o:t Just seven years ago I spoke to the Cleve­ black leadership have since seen the need to both organizations. Here, the voice of black land Bar Association on the subject "Cleve­ work together to find their solution. leadership is today heard with increasing land's White Problem." At that time, I made In Cleveland, the years since 1967 have effectiveness, where seven years ago, it was clear my belief that probably the most witnessed increased recognition in both the simply not present. fundamental problem confronting 20th cen­ white and black communities that the prob­ In 1968, the Greater Cleveland Growth tury America was-how masses of black and lems which we face are basically not white Association was organized through a com­ white people-suddenly crowded together in problems or black problems, but common bination of the Chamber of Commerce and major cities of this country--could come to problems-in the face of which blacks and the Greater Cleveland Growth Board. One of live together harmoniously in mutual respect whites must rise or fall together. the motivations which underlay the creation and prosperity. At that time-! said: It was his recognition which made possible of the Growth Association was a recogni­ "Cleveland's present community image is the election and reelection of the first black tion-on the part of white Cleveland busi­ not good, either at home or abroad. Its fail­ man to serve as mayor of a major American ness-that if Cleveland was to go forward, ures in urban renewal, its loss of business, its city-and a city-where the majority of the Cleveland business had to concern itself shrinking population • • • are obvious for population was white. It was this recognition with a much broader spectrum of social and all to see. At this moment, no one can deny which brought home to white business lead­ political problems than normally had been that Cleveland is pointed down, not up • • • ." ership the need to strengthen the black eco­ the concern of the Chamber of Commerce Further I then said: nomic base, to strengthen black business. or the Growth Board. The white business "No observer of the Cleveland scene can No matter that Carl Stokes was succeeded community recognized that the problems of fail to be aware of the conflicting charges in office by a white Mayor-no matter that as minority enterprise-primarily black busi· and countercharges about the causes for a result of political controversy between ness-were truly of concern to business as Cleveland's present plight and who is re­ Mayor and Council leadership increased po­ a whole in the Cleveland community. sponsible for them. The Mayor [then Mayor lit ical racial polarization resulted. The net It was recognized that minority business­ Locher) blames the Federal Government, the effect of the Stokes years must be recognized men and women did not enjoy equal oppor­ Federal Government castigates the Mayor, as productive of an affirmative improvement tunity in obtaining financing-particularly the white community blames the Negro who in the climate for black business. They stand in the extension of credit by commercial vigorously reciprocates. The business com­ as irrefutable proof, that even politically, banks and that, to a substantial degree, black munity charges responsibility to the political black leadership will be accepted by sub­ business did not receive equal acceptance in establishment and the politicians charge stantial segments of the white community on white markets. In its efforts to equalize op­ businessmen with trying to take over city an equal basis with white leadership pro­ portunity in these areas, the Growth Asso­ hall." vided the black leadership is devoted to the ciation utilized its affiliate, the Greater I believe that what I said then was a fair mutual good of our people as a whole. Once Cleveland Growth Corporation. thumb nail sketch of Cleveland in 1967. In black and white leaders proved their ability The efforts of the Growth Corporation to that same speech I further said: to work together in the steam heated polit­ aid minority business have been directed "We must either improve the seaworthi­ ical areas-it was evident that they certainly first, to provide technical, financial, and edu­ ness of the vessel or go down with the ship. could do so in the less emotionally charged cational assistance to existing minority busi­ But the Cleveland ship need not go down. area of business and the professions. nessmen. Second, to encourage and aid in It is inherently sound if the present creeping The years since 1967 have shown a sub­ the creation of new minority businesses­ dry re> 4.; can be halted and the necessary res­ stantial improvement in the white business and third, to assist existing minority busi­ torative repairs made." community's understanding of the problems nessmen to expand their current operations. How did we reach that low state-and of black business. The white businessman In pursuing these objectives, the Growth what has been done about it? And, where do has come better to understand that the Corporation has worked closely with Cleve­ we-as black and white business and pro­ black businessman wants to stand on his own land's commercial banking community and fessional people-go from here? feet and wants to achieve his own success­ with the Small Business Administration of In 1967, Cleveland's black population was that given fair opportunity-he can do both. the Federal Government. four times as large as it had been at the That white paternalism the black business­ Today, most of Cleveland's commercial beginning of World War II. Moreover, since man neither wants nor needs. True, this un­ banks have officers who specialize in loans World War II, over 200,000 whites had left derstanding is not yet universal-what is to minority owned businesses. Many of these Cleveland. As a result, not only was there a important-is that it exists and is growing. specialists from the commercial banks par­ four time increase in the actual black popu­ More and more, white businessmen have ticipate in the Growth Corporation's Loan lation of Cleveland, but the black proportion come to realize that the black man, just as Review Committee which is made up of rep­ of Cleveland's total population increased the white man, desires position, status, and resentatives of Cleveland's nine largest banks. even more. By 1967, it had reached some 38% self-respect-that each of us, without regard This committee affords a channel, which nev­ to 40 % of the city's total. A relationship to the color of his skin, wants to be some­ er existed before, through which the prob­ which has remained fairly level since that body-and to be recognized as such--and lems of Cleveland's black business can be time. each of us wants these achievements to come made known, under favorable circumstances, Most of this tremendous black migration through the use of his own capacity and ef­ to Cleveland's commercial banking com­ int o Cleveland came from rural areas of fort-not as a paternalistic reward. munity. the country. It was part of a massive shift What is required-and what black business During the three years ending in 1971, in t he Nation's black population from pre­ has the right to expect from white society, Cleveland banks-in many instances with dominan tly rural areas to the inner cities government and business-is the creation of the support of the Small Business Admin­ of the Nation's industrial centers. a climate in which the black business or pro­ ist rat ion-provided loans to minority small This massive influx into the black com­ fessional man has a fair opportunity to businessmen in the amount of approxi­ munities of Cleveland and other northern achieve his own salvation. Further the real­ mat ely $5,000,000. In the same period, through industrial centers was dislocating and dis­ ization has been growing in the white com­ the efforts-and the financial assistance of rupt ive to social and economic life and to munity that a healthy, self-sufficient black the Growth Corporation-145 small busi­ existing political alignments and accommo­ business economy contributes substantially nesses obtained financing in excess of $4,500,- dations. Educational facilities became more to the success of white business. 000. Admittedly, this provision of nearly $10,- inadequate and more segregated. Not enough As a result, since 1967, substantial efforts 000,000 in financing to minority business housing was available-an:l-due to over­ have been made by the white business com­ is only a door O:->ener." However, it is the crowding and-in part-to inexperience with munity in Cleveland to open opportunity for opening of a door which for many years city living by many of the new migrants­ leadership and econoinlc success for black has been tightly closed to black business. much of the housing that was available rap­ business and professional men and women. Anot her "door opener" has beer. provided idly deteriorated. Not enough jobs could be Admittedly, the substantially of the effort has by the Annual Business Opportunities Expo­ found, Unemployment soared-welfare rolls not yet fully achieved the desired result. sition which the Growth Corporation has co­ rose sharply. Police-citizen relationships However, the problems are much easier of ordinated since 1970. These expositions have were at a low ebb. recognition than they are of immediate solu­ been trade shows in reverse. In these exposi­ And then came the riots, t he burnings and tion-but progress has been-and is being­ tions, Cleveland's large predominantly whit e large scale civil disturbances-not only in made. controlled business firms-have supported

-. 14836 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 demonstrations of the products they wish to local governments in the development of fully trust each other-but we are making buy-not sell. This has given black business programs and improvements for Cleveland's progress. We are talking together. Increasing the opportunity to learn the extent of the overall growth and progress. numbers of us are trying. The very fact that local market both for existing prodt~cts and Despite the growth of our suburbs-! be­ you have invited me to speak to you to­ for those new products for which produc­ lieve that if we but look around us-we will night--and that I was willing to speak and tion capability exists. see that Cleveland is truly about to be re­ speak frankly-is clear evidence that we are Another "door opener" which the Growth born. moving forward. Corporation has provided for black business One whose only observation of Cleveland In our trips to Atlanta, Los Angeles and is a free counseling services designed to aid was made seven years ago, would never re­ Chicago, we found that in each of those a businessman properly to evaluate his busi­ cognize our city today. At that time there cities-white business and professional lead­ ness, plan sales and marketing programs­ was no Cleveland State University-no com­ ers, and black business and professional install necessary accounting procedures and munity college-no Erieview Tower-no in­ leaders, were increasingly meeting together develop financial projections and statements. vestment plaza-no Central National Bank to discuss and identify community prob­ Fair appraisal of the future of Cleveland's Building-no Cleveland Trust Tower-no lems-problems of special interest to each black business requires evaluation of what Park Centre. Similarly, if we could see Cleve­ group and those held in common and to has been learned from these first openings of land seven years from now, it would again identify solutions which both whites and the doors of equal opportunity. be so changed as to be unrecognizable. The blacks could support. In each city, we were In the first place, we have learned that new development now underway, such as the told-by black and white leaders alike-that black people are much the same a.s white Justice Center and the Bond Court Hotel­ in this type of communication and solution people. Some are smart--some are not so and developments now realistically to be ex­ lay the greatest hope for the eventual elimi­ smart. Some are industrious-some are lazy. pected such as the Terminal Tower Develop­ nation of racial animosities and the achieve­ Some are honest--some are not. In short, ment--with a new state office building, new ment of forward progress for their cities. people are people, no matter what may be hotel and new downtown department-stores, Our own experience confirms that of At­ the color of their skins. gateway, revitalization of the stadium and lanta, Chicago, and Los Angeles. More and As the result of the first lesson, we have hopefully improvements at playhouse more, through the Cleveland Bar Associa­ learned a second one. No matter how busi­ square-all show--cleveland's dry rot has tion, the Growth Association, the Growth ness opportunity be equalized-business suc­ been arrested. Our ship is no longer sinking Corporation and other groups-we have been cess depends on business aptitude-but most and certainly-today our course is pointed able to gather in one room representative important on hard work. Just as was the case up-not down. black and white leaders who are increasingly with white men and women who star-ted busi­ True the developments to which I have able to speak frankly and with understand­ nesses, so it has proved to be with black busi­ just referred are primarily in downtown ing to each other. This type of communica­ nessmen or women. No amount of cash or Cleveland, and one may fairly ask what do tion continues to grow and as understand­ credit--no amount of market opportunity­ these do for the areas of Cleveland's inner ings improve--continues to be more effective. and, no amount of business counseling can city which are still depressed? This is a fair We, blacks and whites alike, must support make a success of a black business where the question. But bear in mind that no part of and extend these efforts. proprietor lacks aptitude for the business or our city-East side-West side-South side­ The great middle groups of blacks and is unwilling to work long hard hours to make Hough-or Glenville-can prosper unless the whites alike hold most of their basic goals it a success. entire city moves forward. The fact that in common. They both want equal oppor­ In order to check Cleveland's experience downtown is being reborn is proof positive tunity to achieve productive work com­ the Growth Association sent teams of black that institutions and individuals are willing mensurate with their skills and with equiva­ and white business and professional men to to bet heavily on Cleveland's future. These lent rewards. They both want equal oppor­ study black business in Atlanta, Chicago, and investments involve smart money and lots of tunity for decent and suitable housing. They Los Angeles. In each city, the experiences it. They carry a message we can believe in. both want equal opportunity for appropriate were the same as ours. In each city, experi­ I am distressed about one thing however­ education for their children. They both wish ence showed that it was not fTuitful to ad­ and I would be less than frank if I did not to live in peace and security-free from vio­ vance credit or expend time and money to mention it tonight. The Greater Cleveland lence and radical assault. And finally, they create or assist black business until it had Growth Association, the only major business both want to maintain themselves and their demonstrated its ability to gain at least a organization directing its efforts to the over­ families and raise their children in an at­ business foothold through the aptitude and all economic good of the entire community­ mosphere where all may achieve and be industry of its proprietor. black and white alike-has mounted, and afforded that respect and recognition which In short, if we are to have a healthy black is implementing, the Greater Cleveland For­ by their own efforts they can earn and business community-we should follow the ward program with the purposes which I achieve. precept of the Lord-and help most those have just outlined. Although the Association The fundamental problem which all of us who have shown the ability to help them­ has some 5,000 members, very few-very must strive to overcome is that even though selves. few-of these members are black business or blacks and whites hold these basic goals in Before I close, I want to talk to you briefly professional men. Further, very few-very common, so long as the-y work separately, about Cleveland and its future as a strong, few-black businesses have contributed to polarized by misunderstanding and racial healthy community. It is in the future of this campaign. In my judgment, this is not animosity~the goals will not be reached. It Cleveland that all business and professional a healthy situation-and reflects no credit is my belief-and I hope that I am correct­ people-black and white alike-have their on black business and professional men and that in Cleveland today, enough of the lead­ women. ers in both the black and white communities principal stake. I believe in Cleveland. I be­ have come sufficiently to understand that lieve in the desire and ability of the business Rejection of white paternalism and as­ sertion by black business and professional their goals are the same-that they will be and professional leadership of Cleveland motivated to continue to work closer and working with leaders of government to move people of their right and ability to be recog­ nized and rewarded according to their own closer together until these goals have ac­ our city ahead. The fact that Cleveland busi­ tually been realized. ness has responded to the challenge of the merits and with equal opportunity should carry with it the responsibility to join with Only then will Cleveland fulfill its poten­ Greater Cleveland Forward campaign and has tial and provide the opportunity which all already pledged 80% of the goal of $4,820,- their white brethern in the support of joint efforts for the common good. of us-black and white alike-have the right 000-with new pledges constantly being re­ to look forward to. ceived-is proof positive that Cleveland busi­ At the time I announced the Greater ness will support, not just with words, but Cleveland Forward campaign, I suggested to with hard cash-the future of our city. the white business community that if we The Cleveland Forward Funds are being expected credibility for its views and pro­ used solely for the purpose of insuring Cleve­ grams, we should put its dollars where its WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN land's future. Hopefully, the studies which mouth had been. I assure you tonight that AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY they are making possible will produce a major I firmly support equal opportunity for black hub jet airport for Cleveland-an airport dollars. which will bring some 70,000 new jobs to our At the outset of these remarks I stated my belief-expressed seven years ago--that the HON. GILBERT GUDE city and will once again make Cleveland one OF MARYLAND of the major transportation centers of the most fundamental problem which confronts United States. our city and our country, is how we as blacks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These funds are also a principal source of and whites can come to live together har­ moniously with mutual respect and common Tuesday, May 8, 1973 the efforts of the Growth Corporation to pro­ prosperity-this is still my belief. vide special aid to minority business. They Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, as many of I am convinced that during the past seven my colleagues know, I have long been have also provided a major effort to keep years we, in Cleveland, have made sub­ existing businesses of all kinds in Cleveland stantial progress toward the achievement of deeply concerned over the present opera­ and to attraeu new job producing business that goal. We are still a long way from the tion of the airport facilities for the Wash­ to Cleveland. Through extra staff work made end result--we still are embroiled in sub­ ington Metropolitan region. Under the possible by these funds, the Growth Associa­ stantial racial polarization-we whites and ownership of the Federal Aviation Ad­ tion has been able to assist State, county, and blacks do not yet either fully understand or ministration, jet traffic and passengers May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14837 have been "shoe horned" into Washing­ doun"; and (B) by striking out "and Prince SOFT-HEADED JUDGES AND PRO­ ton National Airport, a facility con­ Georges" and inserting in lieu thereof BATION OFFICERS "Prince Georges and Anne Arundel". structed at a time when commercial jet (3) Section IV of article II is amended traffic was, to the majority of citizens, by striking out "Transit" and inserting in science fiction. lieu thereof "Transportation." Any and all HON. BEN B. BLACKBURN Dulles International Airport was con­ laws referring to the Washington Metro­ OF GEORGIA polit an Area Transit Authority are similarly structed at the taxpayers expense to be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the jetport for this city. While it cer­ amended. tainly has grown, in terms of numbers of (4) The first sentence of section 5(a) of Tuesday, May 8, 1973 art icle III is amended to read as follows: flights, from the time it opened to the "The Authority shall be governed by a Board Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, when public, it remains woefully underutilized. of nine Directors consisting of three Di­ President Nixon in March called on Further, Maryland's Friendship Inter­ rectors for each signatory." "soft-headed judges and probation offi­ national has suffered greatly due to the ( 5) Section 56 of article XII is amended cers" to show as much concern for the unrealistic favoritism shown National by adding at the end thereof the following victims of crime as the criminals, some and Dulles by the FAA. paragraph: people in the press jumped on him. An I have introduced legislation, H.R. "(f) The Authority may acquire and oper­ ate the terminal facilities, and all functions article in this month's issue of First 5509, to help solve this problem. This incident thereto, of National Airport, Dulles Monday, edited by John Lofton, Jr. and measure would transfer National and International Airport, and Friendship Inter­ published by the Republican National Dulles to the Washington Metropolitan national Airport and may acquire and oper­ Committee, strikes back with facts and Area Transit Authority, and would em­ ate air transportation services and facilities figures of interest to all my colleagues. power WMATA to negotiate with the within the zone. Nothing in this paragraph I would like to include the article in State of Maryland for Friendship, assum­ shall be construed as granting to the Au­ the RECORD: ing Maryland wished to sell it. In this thority the right or power to acquire or operate any air transportation service ex­ SOFT-HEADED JUDGES AND CRIME: WHo's way, all of our regional airports could !>e tending from any point within the zone to RIGHT, THE PRESIDENT OR TOM WICKER brought under single ownership and op­ any point outside of the zone. AND MILTON VIORST? eration, assuring a better distribution of TITLE II ("The time has come for soft-headed judges air traffic and assuring local citizen in­ and probation officers to show as much put into the operation. TRANSFER OF FEDERAL INTEREST concern for the rights of innocent victims At this point, I would like to include SEc. 201. (a) There is transferred to the of crime as they do for the rights of con­ Washington Metropolitan Area Transporta­ victed criminals."-President Nixon in a in the RECORD the text of that legisla­ tion Authority all right, title, and interest national radio address, March 10, 1973) tion for the information of my col­ of the United States and to National Air­ Since the President has the temerity, the leagues: port, in Washington, District of Columbia, unmitigated gall to suggest a Skull-Thick­ H.R. 5509 and to Dulles International Airport, in the ness-Rating (STR) of less than rock-hard Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Commonwealth of Virginia. for those judges and probation officers who Representatives of the United States of (b) So much of the real and personal show more concern for the rights of con­ America in Congress assembled, That this property, records, assets, and liabilities of victed criminals than for the rights of their Act may be cited as the "Washington Metro­ National Airport and Dulles International innocent victims, a few people, obviously politan Area Transportation Act of 1973". Airport, as the Director of the Office of Man­ soft on the soft-headed judge issue, have be­ STATEMENT OF FINDINGS AND PURPOSES agement and Budget determines are used, come a little bent out of shape. held available, or to be made available in SECTION 1. The Congress finds that ( 1) an Washington Star-News columnist Milton adequate and economically sound transpor­ connection with the operation of such air­ Viorst cavalierly dismissed as "blatant non­ tation system or systems, including airport ports are transferred to the Authority. sense" the idea that soft-headed judges have operation and management, serving the (c) No contract for services or supplies, anything to do with crime in the streets; Washington metropolitan area is essential to leases, or other agreements lawfully entered N.Y. Timesman Tom Wicker denounced the commerce among the several States, and into before the date of enactment of this Act President's entire law and order speech as among such States and the District of Colum­ by the officials of National Airport or Dulles "most depressing," lamenting that it was bia, and to the health, welfare, and safe­ International Airport shall be invalidated the "usual American political response to ty of the public; (2) economics and improve­ by the enactment of this Act. the fear of crime rather than to the hard ment of service will result from the uni­ TITLE III fact of crime itself."* fication of airport operations as well as from PURCHASE OF FACILITmS AT FRmNDSHIP AmPORT What are the facts? Are there soft-headed judges? Probation officers? And if so, does integration of other transportation facilities SEc. 301. (a) The Authority is authorized within the Washington metropolitan area; their soft-headedness-that is, their refusal to enter into negotiations for the acquisi­ to make the punishment fit the crime--ex­ (3) the Washington Metropolitan Area tion of all real and personal property of the Transit Authority is a body corporate and acerbate or ameliorate the crime problems? State of Maryland at Friendship Airport. Whose STR rating is most solid? The Presi­ politic organized pursuant to interstate com­ (b) All costs of such acquisition shall be pact among the States of Maryland and dent's? Milton Viorst's? Tom Wicker's? Read financed by issuance of Authority bonds, about the following crime surveys and reach Virginia and the District of Columbia, with which bonds shall be subject to Federal the consent of Congress, to plan, develop, your own conclusions. You might even want guarantees as provided in title I of the Na­ to let Mr. Viorst and Mr. Wicker know how finance, and operate improved transit fa­ tional Capital Transportation Act of 1972 cilities in the Washington metropolitan area you feel. transit zone; (4) an appropriate solution to (Public Law 92-349, 86 Stat. 464). Such Philadelphia Survey. The Philadelphia the current problems in airport operations bonds shall be in addition to those bonds Inquirer this past February ran the results and management is unified public ownership authorized by Public Law 92-349. of a seven-month, sophisticated computer and operation of airport facilities within the TITLE IV analysis of the way violent crimes were washington metropolitan area; and (5) to handled in the courts in that city during EFFECTIVE DATE! DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1971. The survey was based on the cases of these ends it is necessary to enact the provi­ AUTHORIZATION sions hereinafter set forth. 1,034 persons indicted for murder, rape, ag­ SEC. 401. (a) The transfer provided for gravated robbery and aggravated assault and TITLE! in sect ion 2 of this Act shall take effect on battery. CONSENT TO COMPACT AMENDMENT and after the day next following that day on Included in the findings of the Inquirer SEc. 101. (a) The Congress hereby con­ which all signatories to the Washington survey were the following !acts and figures: sents to amendlnents to articles II, III, and Metropolitan Area Transit Regulation Com­ There is no evidence to support the argu­ XII of title III of the Washington Metropoli­ pact have ratified the amendlnents to the ment that long prison sentences deter crime tan Area Transit Regulation Compact (D.C. compact substantially as set forth in the Code, sec. 1-1431 note) substantially as fol­ first section of this Act. *The problem with this form of argu­ lows: (b) The Commissioner of the District of mentation is that it really says nothing. ( 1) Section 2 of article II is amended by Columbia is authorized and directed to enter Using this illogical formulation, Wicker striking out "transit" where the same is into and execute on behalf of the District of could just as easily be denounced for the found, and inserting in lieu thereof in each Columbia amendments, substantially as set usual knee-jerk, ultra-liberal appeal to the instance "transportation". forth in title I of this Act, to the Washing­ fears of those who are afraid of those who (2) Section 3 of article III is amended ton Metropolitan Area Transit Regulation respond only to the fear of crime rather (A) by striking out "and Fairfax" and in· Compact with the Commonwealth of Vir­ than responding to the hard fact of crime serting in lieu thereof "Fairfax and Lou- ginia and the State of Maryland. itself. 14838 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 "because judges have not been imposing long the result being that they are soon arrested Burglary, auto theft and larceny of $50 sentences for some time. In those isolated for new crimes. or more decreased by approximately four cases in which long sentences are meted out, "Persons convicted of armed robbery who percent nationwide. they are seldom served. (The Inquirer de­ are sent to jail receive prison terms of one Ninety-four major cities reported actual fined a long sentence as five years or more year or less in 38 percent of the cases," the decreases in serious crime, compared with for a violent crime.) Although the defend­ survey shows. "Even in instances where vic­ 53 cities in 1971, 22 cities in 1970, and 17 ant had a prior police record in 78 percent tims of unarmed robberies were hurt andre­ cites in 1969. of the cases, several dating back to the 1930s, quired hospitalization, judges were still like­ With these facts in mind, it is extremely many for other serious crimes, fewer than ly to impose relatively short sentences on the interesting to note some of the statements alf a dozen had served more than five offenders." (STR?) made by President Nixon's critics. years for one offense." • • Of those robbers sent to prison, 61 per­ "The Administration has repeatedly Defendants who pleaded guilty or were cent received minimum sentences of one claimed that the crime increase is tapering convicted were given probation or a suspend­ year or less. In only seven percent of the off, for the most serious crimes. These claims ed sentence in 39 percent of the cases. "Re­ cases did the judges impose a sentence of are a cruel hoax.... "-Ben. George McGov­ member, too," the Inquirer survey points more than five years. ern, press release, Aug. 28, 1972 out "that these offenders were charged with "But what might be even more revealing "The tragic prospect we face is for another the' most serious crimes committed in the about the way serious offenders are dealt backward step on crime.... We need better city-murder, rape, aggravated robbery or with by Philadelphia criminal courts," says leadership on law and order, and we need it aggravated assault and battery." the survey, "is the fact that 31 percent or right away."-Sen. Edward Kennedy, speech Of the 19 judges surveyed who handled 20 those persons who pleaded guilty or were at California state Democratic Party Fund­ or more cases, one judge placed defendants found guilty of aggravated robbery were raiser, Feb. 19, 1972. on probation or gave them suspended sen­ placed on probation." (STR?) "The fact is that law enforcement has been tences in 69 percent of the cases. (Tom, New York City Survey. A New York State going downhlll in America under this Ad­ Milt-an STR rating, please.) Commission of Investigation interim report Judges handed out sentences of one year ministration's Department of Justice."--Ben. on the operations of the "Special Narcotics Hubert Humphrey, press release, Feb. 22, or less in 54 percent of the cases where a Parts" of the New York City Supreme Court 1972. defendant pleaded guilty or was convicted of shows that of the 1,966 defendants involved Obviously, the facts show these Democrats a serious crime. Sentences of more than five in narcotics felony cases from Sept. 5, 1972 years were handed out in only 10 percent of to be wrong. to March 22, 1973, 59 percent sentenced re­ The reduction in crime can be attributed the cases. In fact, the survey shows, 11 of ceived no jail term. to an overwhelming commitment by the the 19 most active judges "did not impose a "Even taking into consideration those sen­ single sentence of more than five years." Two Nixon Administration to make America a tenced to the custody of the Narcotics Addic­ safer place to live. This commitment can judges sent all their defendants to jail for tion Control Commission, better than two one year or less. (STR?) probably best be Ulustrated by reviewing the out of every five defendants have walked out following statistics showing some of the Judges who decided cases without a jury of court with no incarceration of any kind," found the defendant guilty of at least one budget increases for the Department of the report declares. "These sentences support Justice during the Nixon Administration. charge in 59 percent of the cases, but found the conclusion that judges in New York City him guilty of the major charge in only 37 Criminal Division: The budget has been apparently do not consider narcotics felonies increased 157 percent from $4,559,000 in FY percent of the cases. (STR?) to be serious crimes warranting substantial In a section headlined "How to Commit 1969 to $11,708,000 in FY 1974. jail sentences and the removal of narcotics Law Enforcement Assistance Administra­ Murder and Avoid Jail," the Inquirer survey peddlers from our streets." (STR?) showed: A parent who kills his child will tion (the agency which specializes in assist­ But the problem of lenient sentencing for ing State and local governments in the fight probably be put on probation; an adult who narcotics violators goes far beyond New York kllls someone else's child probably will be against crime): In FY 1969, the LEAA was City. A recent study by the Bureau of Nar­ funded at the $59,407,000 level. Approxi­ sent to jail but not for long: a parent who cotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD) reveals kills at least two of his children probably will mately 15 times that amount has been re­ that over 25 percent of the February con­ quested for FY 1974-$891,124,000. be sent to jail for a longer time than some­ victed violators were not even sentenced to one who kills one child yet his sentence is Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous jail; more than 70 percent of those accused Drugs: The budget has been increased by still likely to be shorter than the sentence of violations were freed on bail for a period an armed robber receives for a series of hold­ 318 percent from $18,533,000 in FY 1969 to of three months to one year between the $77,400,000 in PY 1974. ups in which no one is injured. time of arrest and the time of trial. "Many The Philadelphia paper's investigation Federal Bureau of Investigation: The FY of the examples of post-arrest trafficking ac­ 1974 request of $366,506,000 is a 67 percent found that there were elements of first de­ tivity show subsequent violations which oc­ gree murder-according to statements made increase over the FY 1969 figure of $219,591,- curred ·only days and sometimes hours after 000. during trials by judges or assistant district release," the study notes. (See boxes for ex­ attorneys--in 29 percent of the second de­ U.S. Attorneys and Marshals: The budget amples.) has been increased 135 percent from $42,- gree murder cases in the study. In some of Chicago Study. The Chicago Tribune re­ these cases, the judges were clearly reluctant 376,000 in FY 1969 to $99,528,000 in FY 1974. ports on a Chicago Crime Commission survey Antitrust Division: The FY 1974 request to go along with the sentencing recommen­ which shows less than seven percent of the dations of the district attorney's office, but of $13,019,000 is a 56 percent increase over persons arrested for crimes in the Windy the FY 1969 figure of $8,352,000. bowed to pressure-for one reason or an­ City in 1972 were indicted or formally other-to eventually accept them, (STR?) Civil Rights Division: The budget has charged and less than three percent of those been increased 137 percent from $3,028,000 What is happening in the City of Brotherly were sentenced to jail terms. Crime Commis­ Love in most rape cases, the Inquirer survey in FY 1969 to $7,179,000 in FY 1974. sion President Lee Schooler describes the Perhaps nowhere in this country has the shows, is: situation as "appalling" and says the survey "Once convicted or found guilty, a rapist decrease in crime been more dramatic than proves that "one of the most serious factors in Washington, D.C. In his 1968 campaign, has a better than 50-50 chance of being contributing to violent crimes is the gap that placed on probation rather than sent to pris­ this city was of particular interest to the exists between the number of arrests and President: on. In fact, a robber is more likely to be sent convictions. to prison than a rapist. "There is another area where the Federal "Persons who plead guilty or are convicted DECLINE IN SERIOUS CRIME PROVES PRESIDENT'S Government can not only play a leading of rape are sent to jail in 44 percent of the DEMOCRAT CRITICS WRONG role-but where it has the opportunity to cases, while persons who plead guilty to rob­ "(Restoring respect for law and order) wlll Inake a dramatic demonstration of its con­ bery are sent to jail in 69 percent of the cases. be the first priority of the Nixon Admin­ cern with the problem of crime, its commit­ "Even when a convicted rapist is sent to stration. You give me the chance and we ment to new solutions and the efficacy of its jail, it is seldom for very long." (STR?) will stop the rise of crime in America."­ proposals. That is in Washington, D.C.-the As for robbery-the crime most on the in­ Richard Nixon, Buffalo, New York, Octo­ nation's capital where the authority of the crease and the one "many Philadelphians ber 7,1968. Federal Government is great and its preroga­ fear most"-the survey shows that despite Since making that pledge approximately tives many," he declared in New York on May 8, 1968. the fact that robbers are more likely to have four and a half years ago, President Nixon The latest District of Columbia crime sta­ prior records than murder, rape and assult has waged a relentless and successful bat­ tistics reveal that the President's concern defendants, the courts are continually plac­ tle against crime in the United States. Ac­ has been transmitted into effective action. ing these repeat offenders on probation with cording to the latest announcement by the Overall, serious crime decreased 26.9 percent Deparment of Justice, serious crime in Amer­ in 1972. (The decrease in 1971 was 13 per­ ••If a partisan note might be allowed. The ica declined by three percent in 1972. This cent). Specifically, the Crime Index figures survey shows that a Republican judge is represents the first decline in 17 years. revealed that in 1972: "slightly more likely" to convict a person Specifically, the Justice Department Burglary decreased 32 percent. charged with a serious crime than a Demo­ pointed out that in 1972: Auto theft decreased 33 percent. crat judge, "slightly more likely" to impose Robbery, the violent crime most likely to Robbery decreased 81 percent. a longer jail term than his Democrat coun­ strike the unsuspecting person on the street, Larcency $50 and over decreased 18 per· terpart. declined four percent. cent. May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14839 Murder decreased 11 percent. try today. And while my subject this evening and journalists who lack an understanding Aggravated a.ssault decreased 2 percent. deals primarily with my frustrations in of the process of advertising and find it Democratic rhetoric aside, President Nixon working with the United States Information fashionable to express an indiscriininate hos­ has fulfilled his campaign pledges and as a Agency, I hope you will see the parallel as it tility to all advertising and selling. result, America's streets are a safer place to applies to the Conference of Christians and In an ideal world the United States would walk. Jews and their approach to the job of selling have no need to advertise the advantages of brotherhood. freedom or the democratic way of life. Every­ For some years now, l-and many other one would be intelligent, educated and able SELLING AMERICA'S FINEST Americans-have been deeply concerned to recognize the truth at once. No enemies PRODUCT about the way our country's image is being would dedicate theinBelves to misinterpreting interpreted abroad. our motives, but unfortunately this is not In the thirty years since World War II, we quite the best of all possible worlds, and HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER have helped to feed both friend and foe. The silent merit does not sell itself right away. U.S. Government has spent in excess of 100 It usually takes a promoter. To be virtuous is OF CALIFORNIA billion dollars for foreign aid. We have no fine, but you need to advertise, too. This may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES imperialistic nor expansionist designs what­ sound cynical, but believe me, I speak not as Tuesday, May 8, 1973 soever, yet the enemies of freedom have suc­ a theorist, but as an ex-newspaperman and cessfully labeled us "imperialists." By using advertising executive with forty-five years of Mr. BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, believ­ the skills of persuasion and propaganda, they highly practical experience. ing very strongly that the true story of have organized anti-U.S. demonstrations all It is generally believed that knowledge and the United States of America has not over the world and have convinced millions education are the . best protection against been adequately told to the rest of the of people everywhere that America has con­ being influenced by propaganda. However, I ducted a "criminal war of aggression" in Viet have worked with heads of schools, colleges world, I commend to each Member of Nam. and public service organizations, helping Congress, and indeed to the entire Na­ There is evidence to indicate that our them apply advertising and promotion skills tion, a most perceptive and thought pro­ fallen prestige is due, in part, to the fact that to their own purposes, and I find them re­ voking speech on the subject. This ad­ in dealing with our international tensions, markably naive in this area. dress was given in Salt Lake City, Utah, our government's informational service, the For example, our organization had the on April 11, 1973. It was delivered by United States Information Agency, follows assignment of rewriting an introduction in a Mr. Arthur Meyerhoff, a distinguished the same methods that were developed in the booklet of exercises designed specifically for citizen who has spent a lifetime in the horse and buggy days. professional ball players. It was written by a Consequently, they have not developed the Ph.D. in one of the leading universities. Here essential art of persuasion. craftsmanship to cope v:ith the rapidly ex­ is an excerpt from his introduction: I am convinced Mr. Meyerhoff gives panding mass media communications sys­ "This program has been created to satisfy sound advice and the action can result teins, nor have they taken advantage of the an imperative need which has existed at all in a more accurate world understanding new selling skills to achieve a better under­ levels since its inception. The need for a year of our Nation, if we will but heed his standing of what the United States repre­ around conditioning regime specifically ori­ words. sents to the freedom and self-determination ented for baseball players, based upon prov­ The speech follows: of other governments. On the other hand, our en scientific experimentation, statistical ideological competitors and the destructive preciseness, kinesiological and physiological SELLING AMERICA'S FINEST PRODUCT forces of our country are developing profes­ surety, and divorced from the many tradi­ (By Arthur E. Meyerhoff, chairman of t.he sionalism in making more use of mass media tional empiricisms and professional naivete." board, Arthur Meyerhoff Associates, Inc.) for propaganda purposes. In actual practice, Bewutifully stated, but we couldn't find a (Text of a speech deliverd to the Fifth they are using the new psychological skills ball player who understood it. Annual Brotherhood Award Dinner of the to persuade, and I am afraid that our infor­ Our job was to put this thought into sim­ National Conference of Christians and Jews, mation agency is not. ple language that a ball player can under­ Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 11, Many Americans don't realize that a prop­ stand, and in a way that will make him want 1973.) aganda offensive can pack the lethal power of to use the program. Here is the way we re­ I am one of those people that sociologists, that snake called a python-and can coil wrote the introduction: political scientists, educators, novelists and and choke just as effectively, too. Now, every­ "An experienced baseball trainer, working others have referred to during the past body knows about H-bombs, that a 5-mega­ with university scientists, has at last devel­ twenty years as "hucksters," "men in gray ton bomb will knock out a city, and a 50- oped a training program that exactly fits flannel suits," "Madison Avenue boys," and megaton bomb w~ll knock out a county. But your needs as a ball player. The program of "hidden persuaders." what they don't understand is that a mega­ exercises illustrated in this book has been No, we haven't been exactly spoiled by ton of effective propaganda, repeated over a tested and it works." flattery. The late Bernard DeVoto referred period of time, can knock the resistance out We don't try to win literary awards. Our to advertising as "a cult, a system of magic of a continent-or of the world itself. aim is to get results by presenting the mes­ practiced by magicians, witch doctors, sor­ Charles Brower, former head of the fourth sage in the simplest possible way. cerers, and shamans." Arthur Schlesinger, largest advertising agency in the country, A survey of college men reveals a remarka­ Jr. offered us the cheerful news that our BBDO, once gave a speech with a 46-word ble pile of prejudices against advertising and work "has been successful in retarding the title. Here is the title: selling. Three-fourths of the college men arts, tarnishing the virtues, and confusing "When in the Hell is the United States of thought that selling at best was a job; at the manners of our country." America Going to Stop Acting Like a Rube worst, a racket. Many students charged that Advertising is nothing more than the arts at the Fair-and Start Using the Advertising sales work is "forcing people to buy things of persuasion practiced in mass media. and Public Relations Skills with which it they don't need." A Yale student said that And persuasion is practiced in almost Abounds to Win the Cold War which it is selling was both too frustrating and prosti­ every human endeavor-the doctor with a Presently Losing Like Nobody's Business." tuting. An Oregon youngster, who was try­ good bedside manner, the professor whose More and more Americans in recent years ing to be open-minded, said he wouldn't classes are crowded, the baby with a sweet have been asking this question: "What is mind selling a product of "profound sig­ smile, and even the little coed who wiggles wrong with the way we are being interpreted nificance to the consumer." But he'd never her way across the campus. But it is the abroad?" our peaceful intentions, our found such a product! skilled people in advertising who practice humanitarian acts, and our desires for free­ Many people in the State Department and persuasion in depth scientifically. dom everywhere should be products that the United States Information Agency have Many people think advertising means a are easy to sell. But we have a competitor not emerged from the rarefied atmosphere page in a newspaper or an irritating inter­ that is setting our friends against us all over of the academic world and still quiver in ruption in their favorite television program. the world, using the very selling skills that horror at the thought of mass persuasion as They don't understand that advertising of were perfected by the advertising profession practiced by the advertising profession. No some breed or shade is being practiced all the in the United States. Our military can cope wonder they are fumbling their number one time by all people, in all media, and for all with the enemies of freedom in a clash of job-improving our image in the world. Any purposes, and the skills developed by adver­ firearms, but we are dropped pitifully in our effort to convey ideas through selling skills tising people are widely used in propaganda tracks in any war of words. Word-fighting, represents "indoctrination" or "brain-wash­ for good and bad purposes. you see, is not a specialty of our army. Prop­ ing" to them. A little freedom symbol on the side of a ·aganda is a highly specialized science and These people, as you see, are suffering .stone wall can be an advertisement, too. one simply doesn't turn the job over to from hardening of the opinions. They heard Two things led me to write my book, The amateurs. some half-truths and have decided once and St mtegy of Persuasion. The first was the ex­ Why aren't we using the skills of mass forever that all advertising and public rela­ perience of a lifetime in attempting to show persuasion in improving our image abroad? tions men are unscrupulous people. schools, public service organizations and Gov­ Actually what paralyzes us are not sinister Obviously, then, as an advertising man I ernment how to make use of advertising and forces in our government that are secretly must be very unscrupulous. Well, maybe I public relations skills in support of their the enemies of freedom. My studies indicate am. Let me mention at the outset some of activities. The second thing was the crucial that the real resistance stems largely from my very insidious ideas. propaganda problem that is facing our coun- sociologists, political scientists, educators, I favor igniting a conflagration of trutn, I 14840 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 for example, so that it burns its way through see why officials of the USIA emphasize I have been advocating that our govern­ I all interna.tiona.l curtains. I favor a mur­ Voice of America news broadcasts, informa­ ment should get out of the news business derous, withering attack against ideological tion centers, lending libraries, and efforts to and get into the selling business; that is, misconceptions. I favor shooting out some improve the cultures of people. Yet they have that our information agency should no explosive facts-favorable to these United not designed these activities to present a di­ longer attempt to cover the news for the States-so that they will be heard distinctly rect, convincing story that will bring masses people of the world. This vital function is everywhere a.nd by everyone. I favor stirring of people to the side of the Free World. best left in the hands of the free press of up certain suppressed desires in submerged USIA's avowed aim is to tell the truth the world, the non-governmental commer­ people around the world-desires for free­ about what goes on in the United States cial news services that do such a magnificent dom a.nd brotherhood and free speech. through its own news facilities. Of course, job of serving the Free World. And for those I Our diplomats and information services are the truth of what goes on in the United behind the Iron Curtain who do want news, I eminently qualified to deal with intellectua.l States-as you and I know it-has far more there are Radio Free Europe and Radio Lib­ leaders and diplomats, or people they refer to offer to the world than the controlled erty-both privately operated broadcasting to as "opinion leaders," yet carefully avoid societies can offer. In spite of our problems, operations that are, by some reports, more : modern techniques for persuading the mass no rational man would exchange our way effective than Voice of America. of people to accept an idea. of life for that of the man behind the Iron There is no question of the responsi­ ' We are flunking the simplest test of com­ Curtain. And yet, there is a fallacy in the bility and dedication of the men who staff mon sense. We are overlooking the fact that USIA approach. the upper echelons of the USIA. Some of the masses are not necessarily influenced by The USIA believes that by getting into the them gave up prominent positions and good I, a few leaders, but that the leaders can be news business along with the free press of the incomes to work for the government. Many influenced by the masses. world, and broadcasting the news, as they of them have extensive experience in jour­ ,' If we examine history, we must admit that say, "warts and all," people in foreign coun­ nalism and foreign affairs and invaluable our democratic truths once had to be dis­ tries will understand our policies and how knowledge of certain areas of the world. But seminated as a selling message in the day of our free society works. Unfortunately, news because of their training, their output is Patrick Henry and the Federalist Papers and does not always reflect the truth of what long on information and short on persuasion repeated over and over again-otherwise they goes on in our country as a whole, nor does and selling. would never have been accepted. Imagine it illustrate our humanitarian purposes. An important difference between advertis­ that 1 Even our own nation once had to be In fact, we know that the events which ing and journa.lism.-between copywriting sold a bill of goods-a wonderful bill of make the headlines are the events that are and news writing-is the type of reaction goods ca.lled democracy. unusual. That's why they are in the head­ each tries to get. On the basis of our skill in selling our lines. If riots and scandals were common A news story usually gives the facts about products through mass media, we have built occurrences, they would not be given such a certain event, or tells what is happening the most prosperous society in history; yet heavy coverage. When we hear of unusual or in a certain situation. But the objective news we have not effectively applied our sa.les newsworthy events, we automatically con­ story is supposed to inform, and not sup­ techniques to selling ourselves and our ideas trast them with what is normal and familiar. posed to sell. to other countries. Therefore, we have not My research overseas indicates that people On the other hand, a good advertising I adopted a persuasive program of truth which who know virtually nothing about life in campaign is designed to sell. And people do I, would offset the propaganda of the enemies the United States cannot do this. They be­ not resent it as long as it is clear that you of freedom with their unscrupulous exploi­ lieve the events they hear about are typical are trying to sell-what they resent is the tation of the techniques of manipulating and commonplace. Because they do not un­ slanting of the news, with the purpose of I men's minds. derstand how our free press operates, they promoting a point of view. Over the years, whenever a leader in our get a picture of our country overwhelmed I believe that the Voice of America can il industry has urged that we use our adver­ by crime and dissension. increase its coverage tremendously and get tising talent to win the propaganda battle, And yet we have the spectacle of the USIA far greater results by putting on programs I the same officia.l objection has come from broadcasting day after day, throughout the that people want to listen to rather than the i our government information agency: that world, stories of crime and scandal in the long-winded, boring dissertations that are : you cannot sell government idea.ls the way United States. Yes, these unpleasant events now being broadcast throughout the world. you sell soap. do happen, but do they represent the real Then, to intersperse these programs with This statement was reiterated by a former United States that you and I know? I don't brief selling messages (call them spot an­ I head of the United States Information think they do. nouncements, if you will) , emphasizing in Agency. He said, in part: "I am quick to There are many more law-abiding citizens an interesting way some of the good things I concede that the American advertising indus­ than there are law-breakers. There are infi­ that our society represents. Unfortunately, try is a highly skilled a.nd effective force in nitely more responsible teenagers than wild the personnel of the Voice of America was the American marketplace. But I hasten to or delinquent teenagers. There are many so loaded with newsmen and educators that say that it is a naive person indeed who more enduring marriages than divorces. Yet it was almost impossible to gain their sym­ assumes that because a man is a top sales­ none of this is news. pathy or interest in the idea. man of soap or deodorant he is automatica.lly It is a sad fact that the truth is not usually Any American will grant that in a court an expert at selling ideals or a political out­ news. And news does not necessarily reflect of law each side should, without distorting look." The selection of "soap a.nd deodorant" the truth. facts, be as persuasive as possible. We accept as an illustration was not only unkind, but The constructive things about our society this a.s proper. We'd be quick to fire our also showed a lack of objectivity as well as a and what it represents to the welfare of lawyer if he kept stressing the spectacularly deep-seated emotiona.l resistance to any ap­ others don't seem to be newsworthy and can negative aspects of our case. The opposition proach involving the use of sa.lesmanship to be completely overshadowed by the violence uses every emotional trick i.n the book. But sell government ideals. in the daily headlines. our own counsel persists in citing only so­ Well, of course you don't sell idea.ls the You cannot sell an idea or product by em­ called news facts, sometimes highly damag­ way you sell soap and deodorant! Neither do phasizing the flaws in it. The flaws often ing to us-and conscientiously refuses to use ' you sell Cadillac cars the way you sell soap. are so fascinating that they overshadow the professional techniques to persuade the jury Inherent in the product is the means for vast benefits that the product has to offer. of the world. selling that product. Natura.lly, a good sa.les­ A few people are killed annually by slip­ I recommend, in all seriousness-let Amer­ : man adjusts his technique to his product or ping in their bathtubs, but if you are try­ ican advertising and selling techniques op­ idea--and to the people he is trying to sell. ing to popularize bathing you'd better dwell erate abroad for a couple of years, preferably Advertising men make their living finding on the well-known advantages of bathing in some country where our diplomatic pres­ out how to reach people and developing the rather than the rare, though interesting, ac­ tige has been slipping. right words and symbols to get people to act cidents. This does not mean that you sup­ Once our strategy has proven itself 1n one I in a predictable way-whether those symbols press facts-but you simply do not confuse limited location, I am confident that Ameri­ happen to be words or pictures or music. a newsfunction with a selling function. Giv­ cans will demand the expansion of such per­ Of course, I don't condone all advertising ing the statistics of people killed in bathtubs suasive techniques to a world-wide front. [ and advertising men. Some of them produce is a news function, but telling the advan­ The USIA stands to risk little-except an material in bad taste and do not always ad­ tages of bathing is a selling and advertising embarrassing success. here to the highest ethics. By that same function. Leonard Marks, a former pragmatic head virtue, some mothers are alcoholics and beat There is hardly a product or an event that of the United States Information Agency, their kids-but I don't condemn mother­ doesn't have its negative factor-and I imag­ thought enough of my studies and recom­ hood as a consequence. The better advertising ine that even Utopia has its shortcomings. mendations to send me on an inspection is imaginative and informative, and I think But in selling we emphasize the positive mission abroad. Subsequently, a test pro­ you wm agree it can be pleasant and even benefits a product has to offer. The news gram was planned under the auspices of the fascinating-yes, and astonishingly success­ headlines about what goes on in our country American Association of Advertising Agen­ ful at times. Yet, in my many contacts with have no more relationship to the benefits cies. Three of the most outstanding advertis­ the United States Information Agency, I we have to offer to people throughout the ing men in the United States consented to find no one in a responsible position with world than the internal problems of a family serve with me in developing this program. any experience in the arts of persuasion as As this test program was being planned, practiced in the United States. have to do with their charitable acts 1n community. One does not ask a humanitar­ there was a change of administration. Henry With their backgrounds in journalism, J. Loomis, a career government employee, education and foreign affairs, it is easy to ian if he quarrels with his wife.

i May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1484l whose primary education was as a research As I said on the day he died, Harold caster, and he conducted newspaper promo­ physicist, was selected to administer the Essex and I were friends for a long time, tion campaigns over the radio station. United States Information Agency. His antag­ and through that most rewarding asso­ In 1939, Gordon Gray, then president of onism toward any approach involving adver­ Piedmont Publishing Co. and Radio Station tising techniques was immediately mani­ ciation I came to know him as a man of WSJS, picked Mr. Essex to be director of fested. I think, all told he gave me five min­ great dedication and skill in his pro­ operations of station WSJS and Gray's FM utes in his office. Although he has since fession and as a man who held deep con­ station W41MM on Clingman's Peak. passed on to assignments in public broad­ victions that strengthened his life and Mr. Essex was named manager in 1924, casting, through his infiuence the program the lives of those around him, especially vice president of Piedmont Publishing Co. in was tabled, and any effort to revive it has the young people with whom he was so charge of radio in 1946, and a director of been completely ignored by the United States actively involved and whom he influenced Piedmont in 1948. In 1953, when WSJS-TV went on the air, Information Agency. so much for good. I would like to say here that I believe that he became its general manager, giving up the National Conference of Christians and I knew him as a man who loved his that job last year when the station was sold. Jews, with their noble aims, can get the fellow man, his community, and his He recalled once that he had entered the cooperation of a knowledgeable local adver­ country, and did his best to enrich them broadcasting in 1927 after his graduation tising agency to volunteer their services in all, and as a man who in his own way from college when he worked for a news­ helping them to accomplish their aims. was one of the most outstanding public paper which owned a radio station. One area that seems worthwhile studying servants in the history of the area I am He said he got the play-by-play of a base­ is to consider covering fewer subjects in ball game off a news printer and then de­ privileged to represent. scribed it over the air. order to do a more effective job on the more Mrs. Mizell and I joined with thou­ important ones. As time goes on, manufac­ He was a member of committees and turers often add items to their line-and then sands of people whose lives have been boards of the National Association of Broad­ discover that their sales are down because touched by Harold Essex, either person­ casters, the National Broadcasting Co. and their most important products are being ally or through his broadcasting career, the N. C. Association of Broadcasters. neglected. Periodically, they have a house­ When WSJS-TV was sold to Multimedia in expressing our deepest sympathy to his of Greenville, S.C., last year, he remained cleaning, cutting down the number of items family and in mourning the loss of one that they market, with good results. In other with Triangle Broadcasting Corp., which had words, using the target approach instead of of the finest men I have ever known. separated from Piedmont Publishing Co. scattering their shots. The Winston-Salem Journal and the Triangle continues control of WSJS-Radio I would also like to suggest Gh!!.t they take Twin City Sentinel published stories on and its FM affiliate and the television cable operation here. a good look at their vocabulary to see if it the day of Mr. Essex' death, April 11, cannot be brought down to the level of the Because of the funeral, Dick Barron, exec­ average man on the street in order to in­ and in those stories provided some of utive vice president of Triangle Broadcasting crease their coverage. Frequently, the insiders the rich details of his life. I would like Co., said the business office and the tele­ of a movement use a vocabulary that is to insert the text of these articles in the cable office will be closed all day Friday. Mr. Essex has been awarded many honors, understandable to the insiders but whicll REcORD for my colleagues' information goes over the heads of those who are not including the Abe Lincoln Award presented associated with the organization. and reflection. to him this year. As a. further suggestion, slogans could be The articles follow: He was inducted into the N. C. Associa­ i.nvented that would in effect be selllnJ mes­ [From the Winston-Salem (N.C.) Journal, tion of Broadcasters' Hall of Fame last Octo­ sages for brotherhoO<~ and disseminated to Apr. 11, 1973] ber in Wilmington. He was chairman of the Beverage Control the mass media. BROADCAST PIONEER ESSEX, DIES And lf I may take another liberty, I would Board and of the North Carolina Council of like to talk briefly about your aame. 'Ihe William Harold Essex, a leader in the the National Council on Crime and Delin­ name, National Conference of Christians and broadcasting industry for more than 30 years quency. and president of Triangle Broadcasting Corp. Jews, seems to me to be what I wou ~d call He was also a member of the First Presby­ a working title without a definite appeal, and here, was found dead yesterday morning in terian Church, Salem Lodge No. 289 and the has the connotation of a negotiating group his car in front of the Glade Street YWCA, Oasis Temple. He was also a member of the which is conferring, but which has not set­ several blocks from his office. He was 68. Forsyth Country Club and the Twin City tled on its objectives. A spokesman for the broadcasting company Club. From our point of view, we like to have said Mr. Essex was apparently on his way to Mr. Essex and his wife, the former a. name that states the purposes of the orga­ work at the company's new headquarters Margaret Teague, lived at 2427 Fairway nization, such as "Christians and Jews for here when he was stricken. Drive. Brotherhood." As an example of what some He pulled his car over to the side of Glade The family requests that any memori&.ls organizations have done, I cite the following: Street near the walkway of the YWCA and be made to a charity of the donor's choice. Citizens for Better Environment. remained under the wheel. He put the car Crusade of Mercy. in park but did not turn off the ignition. [From the Twin City (N.C.) Sentinel, Apr. Head Start Program. Mr. Essex' body was discovered shortly 11. 1973] Travelers' Aid. afterwards by passersby. RADIO-TELEVISION PIONEER, HAROLD ESSEX, Little Brothers of the Poor, Friends of the His body was taken to Forsyth Memorial DIES AT 68 Elderly. Hospital, where his family physician, Dr. John R. Bender, said the cause of death was (By Bill East) Operation Bootstrap. William Harold Essex, a pioneer in the Youth for Christ. apparently a heart attack. Your organlza.tion has a marvelous prod­ The funeral will be at 11 a.m. Friday at radio and television industry and president of Volgers Main Street Chapel. Burial will be Triangle Broadcasting Corp. here, was found uct to sell. The United States of America has dead in his car in front of the Glade Street a marvelous product to sell. in Forsyth Memorial Park. My message is simple. Why not get the Mr. Essex had watched the broadcast in­ YMCA this morning. dustry grow from small radio stations to Mr. Essex, 68, apparently was on his way best qualified people into the act to help to work at the company's new headquarters make the sale? giant television-radio complexes. It is high time to call in the experts-not A native of Stokes County, he was the son at Summit and Fifth streets when he was the Hollywood version of the Madison Ave­ of Alexander Jacob and Lyda Essex. He was stricken. nue huckster. but the trained, imaginative, a graduate of Hickory High School and the He pulled his car over to the side of Glade University of North Carolina. Street near the walkway to the YWCA and dedicated men who have proved they have remained under the wheel. He put the car precisely the skills to make people yearn for His career started in 1927, when for six what is good-and motivate them to obtain months he worked on a semi-weekly news­ in park but did not turn off the ignition. it. paper in Hickory. After that he worked for He was believed to have been dead when a year as a member of the news staff of the passers-by discovered his body. The cause of Hickory Daily Record. death was not immediately determined. BROADCAST PIONEER ESSEX DIES After traveling about the country and His body was at Forsyth Memorial Hospital promoting circulation for a number of news­ pending announcement of funeral arrange~ papers, Mr. Essex Joined the staff of the ments. HON. WILMER MIZELL Greensboro Record, where he served as tele­ Mr. Essex was a nationally known figure OF NORTH CAROL1NA graph editor. Later, he was named managing in the broadcast field who watched the in­ dustry grow from small radio stations to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES editor and general manager. WhUe in Greensboro, Mr. Essex became ac­ giant television-radio complex of today. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 quainted with radio. He presented news over "I've enjoyed every minute of it," Mr. Essex WNRC, predecessor of Greensboro's WBIG. told a friend at a club meeting only a few ~r.~Z~.~r.Speaker,justrecent­ In 1930, he moved to Chicago as promotion weeks ago. ly one of the great pioneers of the broad­ manager of the Chicago Dally Times. Mr. Essex was born Sept. 26, 1904, in Stokes casting industry, Harold Essex, died in When the Times became affiliated with County to Alexander Jacob and Lyda Essex. his beloved city of Winston-Salem. WBBM, he became Chicago's pioneer news- He was educated at Hickory High School and 14842 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 the University of North Carolina at Chapel affiliate and the television cable operation tE:rest in life when he finds people genuinely Hill, where he was graduated in 1927. here. concerned about him," Mr. Oliff explained. He started his career in the days when WSJS had kept its offices at Broadcast FOUNDED IN 1899 many newspapers had their own radio sta­ House on Coliseum Drive (where the tele­ tions. His Joint association with newspapers vision station was changed to WXII) until Nearly all of those discharged from Calvary left a mark on him that made him want his recently when it moved to the former IBM are still terminally ill, however, and many radio and television stations in later years building at Summit and Fifth streets. of them return to the hospital "when it is to have strong news coverage. Mr. Essex had a long list of honors, but the time for them to die," Mr. Oliff said. He worked for the Hickory Daily Record one he told associates he cherished most was At a time when more and more hospitals as a reporter. Then he went to the Greens­ being inducted into the N.C. Association of are instituting programs to care for the boro Record successively as a reporter, man­ Broadcasters' Hall of Fame last October in dying. Calvary is dealing with death under a aging editor and general manager. An the Wilmington. concept developed over a period of years and time he was working with radio. He noted that the Hall of Fame also had in a tradition that began in 1899 when the He was serving as promotion manage1 (and such notables as David Brinkley, Grady Cole, institution was founded by a group of Irish in radio, too) with the Chicago Daily Times­ Billy Graham, Andy Griffith, Kay Kayser, Ray Catholic lay women as a home for the desti­ and admittedly hoping for an opportunity to Reeve and Edward R. Murrow. tute dying of cancer. come back to his home territory in North "That's big company," he said. It was known then as "The House of Cal­ Carolina-when he got a job offer from Mr. Essex lived with his wife, the former vary," a name selected by the founders be­ WSJS. Margaret Teague, at 2427 Fairway Drive. He cause of its association in Christianity with On September 1, 1939, he moved to a cor­ once said he enjoyed living in Ardmore. He death and eternal life. Calvary was the hill ner desk in what is now the newsroom of served in 1948 as the second president of the on which Jesus was crucified. the Journal and Sentinel to assume respon­ Ardmore Community Club. Owned by the Roman Catholic Archdi­ sibility for building up the sales business He also has been active in the development ocese of New York, Calvary admits patients of the growing radio station. of the Alcohol Beverage Control system here without regard to faith or ability to pay. Mr. Essex frequently kidded with his asso­ from its inception and was elected in 1971 as The hospital is remunerated in some cases, ciates in the newspaper field about his the system's chairman. however, by Medicare, Medicaid and private former close connection with newspapers, insurance policies. (In 1971, the deficit was claiming that he intended to stay in radio $504,165.) because "it is a new and growing field and I THE PATIENTS ARE TOLD intend to be in on the ground :floor." BRONX HOSPITAL HELPS TERMI­ A visitor to Calvary, at 1600 Macombs Less than three years later, Gordon Gray, NAL CANCER PATIENTS Road, would not suspect it is an institution then president of Piedmont Publishing Co. for the terminally ill. The radio in the vis­ and Radio Station WSJS, picked Mr. Essex itors' lounge is tuned to a station with up­ to be director of operation of Station WSJS beat music, rambunctious children defy ex­ and Mr. Gray's frequency modulation station HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM asperated parents to play in the hallways W41MM on Clingman's Peak. OF NEW YORK (visitors are welcome eight hours a day), Mr. Essex' association with the pioneering IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and doctors and nurses joke with patients frequency-modulation station started a long about their love lives. list of "firsts" with which he was associated Tuesday, May 8, 1973 The Calvary concept of care begins with in the broadcast industry. Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, Calvary frankness. Calvary found long ago what "An idea isn't necessarily good because it's recent surveys have shown-that the dying an idea," Mr. Essex once told the Winston­ Hospital of the Bronx is located in my prefer to know their fate. Many patients ad­ Salem Lions Club about the broadcast indus­ congressional district. The outstanding mitted to Calvary have never previously been try. "It's got to work and to work right and work which this hospital performas in told that they have cancer, much less that there must be a good result from it." caring for terminal cancer patients is a they are going to die. He recalled that he had entered the broad­ shining example of dedication and pub­ "They're told they're coming here to rest, casting field first in 1927 after his graduation lic service. It is the only hospital in New or to a place where they can get better care, from college when he worked for a newspaper York State devoted exclusively to the whatever euphemism is handy," said Dr. which owned a radio station. Anthony R. Riario, one of Calvary's five full­ · He said he got the play-by-play of a base­ care of the terminally ill cancer patient, time doctors on a patient-care staff of more ball game off a news printer and then de­ and it follows a firm policy of admitting than 200. scribed it over the air, making a listener feel patients without regard to their religious Dr. Michael J. Brescia, president of the as though he was actually there. amliation or their ability to pay. medical staff, said that 1f a patient did not He said that today's television, which takes The New York Times recently pub­ know his diagnosis, or his expected fate, he the viewer to the plate with the batter, "is lished a fine feature article on Calvary would be told by his doctor at Calvary "after the new idea for today ... one which tech­ Hospital, and I include it in full in the a strong personal bond has been estab­ nology permitted and which the viewer lished." thoroughly enjoys." RECORD: Dr. Brescia, a big man with an affable When television came on the horizon after CALVARY GIVES TERMINAL PATIENTS AN "INTE­ manner, let a visitor accompany him one World War II, it was preordained that Mr. GRATED" APPROACH TO DEATH afternoon on his hospital rounds. Almost as Essex would be on the ground :floor. (By J. C. Barden) soon as the two stepped off an elevator, the But he insisted on one principle: he would All of the patients who are admitted to doctor was with his tirst patient. not go into television until he could give Calvary Hospital in the Highbridge section An unshaven man of about 60 who had un­ Winston-Salem and the surrounding terri­ of the Bronx have three things in common: dergone extensive f·ace and neck surgery was tory "a station we can all be proud of." They are medically indigent; they have can­ sitting on a sofa in the hallway and con­ Because of that, some stations got onto the cer; they have a life expectancy of three to versing with a nun by means of a note pad. air earlier than WSJS-Television, but Mr. six weeks. The nun was Sister Agnes Connors of the Do­ Essex later quipped, "I doubt 1f any station Yet 15 percent of the more than 700 pa­ minican Sisters of the Sick Poor, known at was as ready to go on as we were when the tients admitted to the hospital every year are the hospital as Sister Visitor because of her time came." discharged and many more live for months daily visits with the patients. (The names of From the time that WSJS-Television went past their predicted death dates. the patients used are tiotitious.) into its spot on the dial in the early 1950s, Calvary is the only hospital in the state YOU LOOK LIKE A BUM Mr. Essex joined in solving its growing pains. devoted exclusively to the care of the ter­ "Hi, Bill," said Dr. Brescia, draping his arm He became a key member of committees minally ill, and the purpose of the 110-bed around the man's shoulders. He ran his fin­ and boards of the National Association of hospital, according to the associate admin­ gers lightly along Bill's neck, then the stub­ Broadcasters, the National Broadcasting Co. istrator, William A. Oliff, is "to give patients and the N.C. Association of Broadcasters. ble of his beard, and asked: "Why didn't you the best quality of life possible during their shave this morning? You look Hke a bum. A close associate of Mr. Essex said last year, last days and help them die with dignity and "When we wanted some calm, deliberate good I bring a visitor down here and you haven't grace; clean, out of pain, and, if possible, even shaved." thinking, we always got Harold Essex on the with all fear of death removed." telephone." To achieve this, Calvary has developed Bill smiled broadly, and later Dr. Brescia He helped to bring the television cable what it calls "an integrated approach to said he should be able to go home soon. business to Winston-Salem and when it ar­ death" in which the medical and nursing In the first room the doctor entered, a man rived, he said, "I guess we've done about staffs, the chaplains and visiting clergymen, of about 70 named Rodrigues was asleep, everything now." and the social service staff work together to breathing oxygen through a mask and receiv­ When WSJS-Television was sold to Multi­ meet the physical, spiritual and psychologi­ ing food and antibiotics intravenously. media of Greenville, S.C., officially last year, cal needs of the dying. Standing near the bed, Dr. Brescia said: Mr. Essex remained with Triangle Broad­ The concept has worked so well that it has "Here is a man whose quality of life is not casting Corp. resulted in the seemingly miraculous come­ worth keeping him alive, but his wife wants The corporation continued control of backs by those thought to be near death. biro alive at all costs. [He later said Mr. WSJS-Radio and its frequency modulation "A dying patient often takes a renewed in- Rodrigues felt the same way.] She has been IJfay 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14843 here day and night since they brought REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN traffickers including the length of the him ln.'' HOWARD W. ROBISON prison sentence and the name of the Outside the room, a small, elderly woman was standing across the hallway staring at judge who handed down the sentence. the doctor. "Mrs. Rodrigues," Dr. Brescia said The main purpose of this section of the to the woman, and motioned for her to come HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON bill was to demonstrate the certainty of over. "How long has your husband been OF NEW YORK punishment to present and potential here?" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES narcotics traffickers, as well as spotlight She answered in Spanish. "Three weeks, Tuesday, May 8, 1973 judges who continually hand down short she says," Dr. Brescia interpreted, "and she or suspended sentences to the big-time hasn't left the hospital. She sleeps in a Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. chair.'' Dr. Brescia, like some others on the pushers of hard drugs. hospital's staff, has learned a little Spanish Speaker, last month I introduced a bill I hope that in light of these recent fig­ because of the number of Spanish-speaking in Congress which called for stiffer pen­ ures, that Members of Congress will give patients and employes. alties for the "high-echelon" drug traf­ my bill thorough consideration. We must Down the hallway, out of range of Mrs. ficker. At that time it was my hope that be sure that those persons who are mak­ Rodrigues's hearing, Dr. Brescia said: "I am this piece of legislation would put an ing a living from encouraging and sup­ not proceeding in what I feel is the correct end to our present state of affairs in plying addiction are dealt with in the way in this case [by doing everything medi­ which, for a variety of reasons, these key most expeditious and effective manner, cally possible to keep Mr. Rodrigues alive], members of the illicit narcotics distribu­ but with the overwhelming pressure of her both to prevent them from selling drugs f aith, I couldn't do anything else." tion system have been getting light or in the future and to express societal con­ Mr. Rodrigues died within a few days with­ suspended sentences or have been re­ tempt for their actions. ou t showing improvement. leased on probation in many judicial Our present laws have proven to be in­ In another room, an 81-year-old woman jurisdictions throughout the United effective in dealing with the prob1em. was asleep with covers to her chin. States. We must take steps to minimize the "This lady," said the doctor, "the quality This is particularly true in my own chance a given offender has of repeating of her existence is nothing. She is riddled State of New York. Just recently, a Gan­ his crime, and we must also establish a with cancer. She is unable to appreciate any­ nett News Service survey produced the thing. I presented her case to my colleagues sentence that would be sufficiently severe and she will continue to get the essential following statistics from a statewide as to discourage potential criminals from things for life and all the drugs she needs to sampling: again committing the same offense. ease her pain. But there will be no heroic For upstate New York: 70% of all offenders Hopefully, I have demonstrated my measures taken to save her life. She is dying indicted in major drug cases were allowed to feelings about the need for further ac­ the way I want someone I love to die. When plead guilty to reduced charges. As little tion relating to drug traffic. Heroin ad­ I go home at night I feel good about this as 30% of all accused drug pushers are sen­ diction is not an easy issue to resolve. If patient." tenced to jail or state prison. When possible, Calvary patients decide For New York City: only 45% of defendents we hope to eliminate this problem, we whether they are to be kept alive as long as sentenced in New York City ever land in must attack it on the fronts of public medically possible. This has been a long-time prison. education, rehabilitation, treatment, in­ Calvary policy, and last January the Amer­ ternational control, and strict law en­ ican Hospital Association recommended it as The net effect of this practice is to re­ forcement. To make inroads on this di­ a policy for all hospitals. lease many of the big-time pushers to lemma, all of these areas must be made If the condition of a patient at Calvary is continue their criminal enterprise on our more effective in practice and more far­ such that he cannot give an informed opin­ streets throughout the Nation. It has reaching in scope. ion about how he wants to diP., his family been proven that the certainty of pun­ H.R. 6272 follows: is consulted, and if there is no family, the ishment is the only effective deterrent doctors often must make the decision. The H.R. 6272 hospital's policy is to administer proven to potential criminals. Surely, these sta­ drug A bill to amend the Controlled Substances drugs and treatment so long as there is a tistics demonstrate to the trafficker Act to increase the penalty under that act possibility of meaningful life. that they have not been running much of for the illegal distribution o! certain drugs HELPING PATIENTS a risk in the past few years. by high echelon pushers Miss Maureen Flannery, the young direc­ More often than not, those who are Be it enacted by the Senate and House of tor of the social service department, said caught for drug code violations are ex­ Representatives of the United States of that one of the primary roles of her staff and perienced criminals. I include some sta­ America in Congress assembled, That Sec­ the clergymen at Calvary is helping the dy­ tistics prepared by the Bureau of Nar­ tion 401(b) (1) (A) of the Controlled Sub­ ing patients and their families "bridge the cotics and Dangerous Drugs to illustrate stances Act (21 U.S.C. 841(b)(1)A)) is communications gap" that sometimes devel­ that many of these offenders have pre­ amended- ops. vious records. In a sampling of figures (1) by inserting after "person" each time The Rev. John D. Mitchell, the Calvary from a BNDD survey, the following sta­ it occurs the following: ",unless such person chaplain, told of a 58-year-old woman who is a high echelon pusher,". was prepared to accept death and was only tistics came to light: (2) by inserting immediately before the upset because her husband and children were 64 percent have prior felony arrests. last sentence thereof the following: "A high unable to do so. 40 percent have prior drug arrests. echelon pusher who violates this paragraph "They would come and say, 'You're looking 20 percent have prior drug convictions. shall be imprisoned not less than twenty fine, you're looking great, everything is go­ This evidence tends to suggest that years, or for life, and, notwithstanding any ing to be O.K., and this disturbed her. After their latest arrest is a further episode in other provision of law, the court shall not I counseled with them and told them how a continuing criminal career. suspend the sentence of such pusher under she felt, they accepted the situation and this paragraph, or give such pusher a proba­ everything was fine." We still have a long way to go in solv­ tionary sentence, nor shall such pusher be Although there are nursing homes in the ing the Nation's drug problem. It is ob­ eligible for parole during the term of nuch st ate and across the country that care exclu­ vious that past judicial practices have imprisonment." sively for the dying, Calvary is the only hos­ had little impad in encouraging drug SEc. 2. Section 102 of such Act (21 U.S.C. pital in the state that admits only the ter­ traffickers to stop dealing in drugs. To be 802) is amended by adding at the end there­ minally ill, according to the State Depart­ effective in our enforcement, we must of the following: m ent of Health. And the American Hospital make sure that a uniform method of "(26) The term 'high echelon pusher' Association, in Chicago, said that it did not sentencing is established to help stem the means any person engaged in a conspiracy k n ow of any other hospitals that admitted flow of heroin in our country. to import, smuggle, or purchase for further only the dying. distribution a controlled substance in sched­ Since Calvary patients are medically in­ I think that all Members of Congress digent , they have not always received the share the belief that, if stronger penalties ule I or II which is a narcotic drug." best attention. Miss Flannery, the Calvary are to be effective, they must be un­ SEc. 3. The Attorney General shall release social service director, said: yielding and clearly understood by the to the public each month a. statement which "Many of the patient s who come here have potential violators. My proposal ad­ shall !dentify each high echelon pusher con­ never known what it is to be cared for. I victed of an offense under section 401 (b) ( 1) walked into the room of a new patient not dressed this part of the problem. An ad­ (A) of the Controlled Substances Act during long ago and called her by name and intro­ ditional aspect of my proposal was for the preceding month, together with the sen­ duced myself and she started crying. I said, judicial spotlighting. This procedure tence imposed with respect to such convic­ 'What's wrong?' She said, 'I've been in hos­ would require that the Justice Depart­ tion, the name of the judge imposing such p itals for two years and that's the first time ment release, on a monthly basis, all in­ sentence, and the factual allegations of the an yone ever called me by my name.'" formation for oonvictions of narcotics indictment relat ing to such offense. 14844 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 8, 1973 IMPACT OF THE RAIL CRISIS ON bind as a major deterrent to increasing the committee he attended as a freshman sena­ FARMERS AND THE FERTilJIZER association's $100 million-a-year export busi­ tor 28 years ago dealt with the boxcar short­ INDUSTRY ness. age. And it was an old issue even then. Mr. Phosrock, a legal cartel set up to control Magnuson notes that the first case tackled export prices and allocate overseas markets by the Interstate Commerce Commission HON. J. J. PICKLE among member companies, recently had to (ICC) 82 years ago was a petition from a. OF TEXAS turn down millions of dollars of orders from group of North Dakota farmers who couldn't customers in Germany, the United Kingdom, get boxcars to move their grain to market. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Eastern Europe. Usually the crunch is caused by the same Tuesday, May 8, 1973 Because of a worldwide shortage of phos­ factors that are creating the current pinch. phorous, some fertilizer producers in Canada Demands for cars to move grain siphon off Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, more often and Western Europe have had to curtail their cars for other shipments, especially the than not we read articles and stories operations. They can't get enough phosphate standard boxcars that also are the backbone concerning the economic loss of busi­ chemicals with which to make blended fer­ of the transportation of lumber from forest nesses because of the freight car short­ tilizers containing nitrogen and potash. In to market. As the pressure tightens wary age problem. Lately, the situation has some cases, shortages of natural gas, the shippers make it worse by ordering more been worsened due to the demand for cars basic feedstock for nitrogen fertilizers, are cars than they need on the assumption that slowing down the delivery of finished product. they won't get as many as they ask for, and to move Soviet-purchased grain to port. Despite the premium prices obtained on by hoarding empty cars until the loads they I've stated before the effect on the export business, most phosphate producers are waiting for are ready on the assumption economy the car shortage has had. Food are trying hard not to shortchange the do­ that once they let a car go they might not and lumber prices have risen, and one mestic market. see another for a long time. can trace part of these increases to the International Minerals & Chemicals Corpo­ BUSY WINTER ration (IMC), for example, expects to fill transportation problem. Another area of ICC regulations over the past few years is most of its U.S. orders on time, provided the concern the fertilizer industry. It's de­ rail car pinch does not get worse. Under have increased the cost of such defensive batable whether or not farmers will be normal conditions most of this fertilizer maneuvers and improved the overall utili­ able to get sufficient fertilizer for their moves during a six-week period in mid­ zation of the existing freight car fleet. But crops which will drive food prices up spring. in the face of the extraordinary demand of again if they can't meet production de­ RAINS EASE DEMAND the Russian wheat shipments, this hasn't mands. been nearly enough. By delaying fertilizer applications, the The railroads have had a busy winter. The following two articles from the heavy rains in the Midwest are "giving us a They carried 204 billion ton-miles of freight Christian Science Monitor show the im­ chance to accumulate rail cars and catch up in the first quarter of this year, more than pact which the rail crisis is having on on shipments," says the company's econo­ 9 percent above last year's rate. And their farmers and the fertilizing industry. I mist, D. Teleki. grain hauls are up 40 percent. Like the rest of the Florida phosphate in­ would like to insert them into the RECORD But across the Midwest grain elevators are dustry, International Minerals did not an­ chock full awaiting any kind of freight car, for other Members' information: ticipate the strong surge in demand for The article follows: even inappropriate open hopper cars, to move phosphates which began to develop a year their grain to port. Some are facing bank­ U.S. FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IS PINCHED­ ago. ruptcy. During the late 1960's, excess capacity and MATERIAL CARS ARE IN SHORT SUPPLY Many farmers are in a similar fix: Not only (By Martin Skala) sagging prices discouraged Florida produc­ are they unable to get their grain to market ers from investing in new facilities. Am­ to take advantage of current high prices, LAKELAND, FLA.-Handicapped by a domes­ bitious expansion plans of state-owned ferti­ tic rail car shortage and tight supplies of but also they are watching their grain dete­ lizer companies in Morocco, Israel, and the riorate as it lies out in the open because key raw materials, the U.S. fertilizer industry Spanish Sahara threaten to create fierce com­ is straining to meet a soaring demand for petition for profit-oriented U.S. exporters. A there is no room for it in the grain eleva­ its products. tors. shake-out ensued, with major producers such WHEAT SHIPMENTS INCOMPLETE Although unusually wet weather in the as Armour, Continental Oil, and Cities Serv­ Midwest farm belt has been a key factor in ice dropping out of the phosphate business. Much of the Russian grain is still to be holding back spring plantings of wheat, corn, The pessimistic forecasts proved unwar­ shipped; the contracts call for shipments to and other feed grains, farm groups and gov­ ranted. The "green revolution" in developing be completed by May 31. ernxnent officials are concerned that trans­ nations of Asia and Latin America, combined Although this year's demand was clearly portation bottlenecks may prevent farmers with the emergence of Eastern Europe and unusual the crunch has added to the peren­ from obtaining as much fertilizer as they China as sizable importers of plant nutrients, nial pressures on both Congress and the ad­ need in the coming weeks. caused demand to shoot up dramatically. Ininistration to do more than they have yet Adequate supplies of crop nutrients are While Phase 2 inflation controls were in ef­ to either augment the nation's freight car vital to the success of the Nixon adminis­ fect, export prices of phosphate chemicals fleet or at least increase its effective use. tration's drive to reduce food prices by surged 30 percent and more ahead of domes­ The administration isn't willing to go as bringing idle farm acreage into production tic quotes, which were under controls. far as congressmen and senators from af­ and boosting farm yields. fected states. It w111 press for creation of a As farmers strive to take advantage of UNITED STATES PaESSURED TO ACT ON RAIL national car-control system to improve utili­ higher grain and livestock prices and boom­ FREIGHT-CAR SHORTAGE zation of existing cars, a step that could ing export demand, fertilizer use this year significantly increase the availability of could jump as much as 8 to 10 percent, ac­ (By Philip W. McKinsey) freight cars, even though it doesn't sound cording to industry projections. An exces­ WASHINGTON.-The railroad industry's pe­ dramatic. sively wet spring season, coupled with the rennial crisis, the freight car shortage, is in Officials believe that regulatory changes diversion of thousands of rail cars to ship full flower again-and this year it's worse might help, too--for example, by permit­ grain to the Soviet Union, may keep this po­ than usual. ting railroads to set lower rates in times of tential from being realized. Compounded by the demand for freight offpeak traffic. But experience has shown NORTH FLORIDA BIND cars to move Soviet-purchased grain to port, that such changes are dtmcult, if not im­ shortages of rolling stock are not just caus­ possible, to get through Congress. The Fertilizer Institute estimates that as ing their usual quota of inconvenience and many as 4,000 covered hopper cars normally frustration. Instead, the ripple effect is used to ship bulk fertilizers are tied up spreading far through the economy, inter­ moving grain to overloaded Gulf and East fering with the administration's economic Coast ports. policies by worsening pressures on sky-high WATERGATE CHRONOLOGY Freight-car shortages are especially critical lumber and grain prices and threatening in northern Florida, center of the nation's longer-range consequences by raising ques­ phosphate rock industry, the raw material in tions whether farmers will be able to get the HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON tightest supply. Florida phosphate producers, fertilizer they need for expanded plantings OF MASSACHUSETTS who mine more than one-third of the world's this year. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES output of this essential ingredient of most "high analysis" fertilizers, are "sold out" in a As a result, the administration and Con­ Tuesday, May 8, 1973 booming seller's market that is taxing the in­ gress may finally be galvanized into taking dustry's productive capacity. new action to help railroads expand their car Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, the "We've had to ration supplies to major fleets. daily volume of news, opinion, quota­ overseas customers, and are having trouble El\I£PTY CARS HOARDED tions, and allegec~ facts about the Water­ shipping the rock that is available," says Wil­ Freight car shortages are nothing new. gate episode is enough to bury any of us liam W. Chadwick, president of the Phos­ Sen. warren G. Magnuson (D) of Washing­ in detail we cannot possibly absorb. The phate Rock export Association (Phosrock). ton, chairman of the Senate Commerce Com­ facts, for one who is not intimately in­ Mr. Chadwick views the transportation mittee, recalls that the first meeting of the volved in any aspect of the situation, seem May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14845 to disappear in the sheer magnitude of QuOTE slide. I can report today that there phamidon (Dimicron), TEPP and trichlorfon data. have been major developments in the case (Dylox). concerning which it would be improper to be The reentry periods vary depending on the A segment of the hour-long WTOP more specific now, except to say that real crop, the pesticide and the weather. program, "Agronsky and Company," on progress has been made in finding the truth. On Capitol Hill yesterday, Rep. J. Kenneth the Watergate, put together by Gil Butler NIYON slide. Later, Ziegler said the Presi­ Robinson (R., Va.) predicted there will be of WTOP news, puts the facts of the dent's April 17th statement is the operative "wholesale disregard" for the standards, matter together in a nutshell. I would one, all previous statements are inoperative. which he contended are unfair. The Con­ like to insert the text of Mr. Butler's seg­ This is Gil Butler, Eyewitness News. gressman insisted there isn't any evidence of ment at this time. an "emergency" that would require the ex­ The text follows: pedited action on interim standards. GIL BUTLER-WTOP NEWS MITCHELL slide. The day after the Water­ OSHA SETS PESTICIDE STANDARD gate breakin, then Nixon Campaign Direc­ tor John Mitchell quickly denied any official TAX REFORM: FROM THE VIEW­ sanction for the affair, he said: HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS POINT OF A SELF-MADE MAN QuoTE slide. They were not operating either OF NEW JERSEY in our behalf or with our consent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ZmGLER slide. At the White House, press HON. FRANK HORTON Secretary Ronald Ziegler declined to give Tuesday, May 8, 1973 OF NEW YORK any Presidential reaction: QUOTE slide. The President would not com­ Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment on a third rate burglar). certain ele­ Speaker, the Occupational Safety and Tuesday, May 8, 1973 ments may try to stretch this beyond what Health Administration recently set tem­ it is. porary emergency standards to protect Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, especially AGNEW slide. Vice President Agnew raised farmworkers from the grave health haz­ in this era of budget ceilings and re­ the possibility of a Democratic plot. ards caused by exposure to pesticides. source crises, a great deal of discussion QuoTE slide. What I'm saying is that some­ This action is long overdue and should is being devoted to the structure of our one set these people up and encouraged them be a major contributor to a substantial tax system, both in terms of its equita­ to embarrass the Republican Party. bility and its ability to produce revenues NIXON slide. President Nixon spoke out reduction in the number of deaths and for the first time on August 29th based on an serious illnesses suffered by this group of adequate to meet the needs of the Na­ investigation by his counsel John Dean. American workers. tion. The recent submission to Congress QuoTE slide. No one in the White House I commend to the attention of my col­ of a tax reform proposal by the admin­ staff, no one in this administraton pres­ leagues a May 1 article about this subject istration has helped to continue public ently employed was involved in this very in the Wall Street Journal and insert it attention to this issue. bizarre incident ... what really hurts is if you at this point in the RECORD: During the Easter recess, I talked with try to cover it up. TEMPORARY RULES TO SHmLD FARMWORKERS a gentleman who has spent a great deal KLEINDmNsT slide. Defending his investi­ of time and thought on the issue of gation of the Watergate, Attorney General FROM PESTICIDE ILLS ISSUED BY LABOR UNIT Richard Kleindienst compared it to the Ken­ WASHINGTON.-The Labor Department is­ taxation of investment income and tax­ nedy assassination probe. sued temporary standards designed to protect ation of persons in high income brackets. QuoTE slide. Anybody who has a fair mind farm workers from harmful exposure to pes­ While his viewpoint is a controversial would be able t.o conclude that this has been ticides. one, he speaks with authority because the most comprehensive, deep, thorough The standards, which take effect June 18, he is a man whose fortune is self-made. investigation that the FBI has ever made set "reentry" periods of two to 14 days con­ Maurice B. Frank, hotelman, philan­ with the exception of the Kennedy Assassina­ trolling how long workers must stay out of a thropist, real estate investor, horse tion. crop area after pesticides have been used. breeder and author, has dedicated a ZIEGLER slide. Press Secretary Ziegler, stung The rules cover six fruit crops plus tobacco, by continued disclosures in the Washington and 21 chemicals. In addition, employers great deal of his energy in the past few Post, was moved to say on October 16th: must post warning signs and require protec­ years to helping himself and others gain QuOTE slide. It was shoddy and shabby tive clothing for workers. maximum benefits from some of the Journalism based on hearsay, character as­ Pesticides pose a "grave danger" particu­ more controversial provisions of the In­ sassination, innuendo, and guilt by associa­ larly to migrant farm workers, said John ternal Revenue Code. His efforts to pro­ tion. Stender, assistant labor secretary for the de­ vide legal tax sheltered investments to McGRUDER slide. Jeb Stuart McGruder, now partment's Occupational Safety and Health others are a theme of his life at this mentioned in news reports as a participant Administration. Exposures cause an esti­ in the planning for Watergate, had this to mated 800 deaths and ill effects to 80,000 point and are very well described in are­ say last October: workers a year, he said. cent autobiography he has written en­ QUOTE slide. Listen, when this is all over, The "emergency" standards will be re­ titled "Success Is a Crime." I first met you'll know that there were only seven peo­ placed in six months by permanent rules re­ Maurice Frank several years ago through ple who knew about the Watergate and they flecting further studies. The department has my very close friend Herman Schwartz, are the seven who were indicted by the grand issued only one other emergency health who is from my home community of jury. standard, covering asbestos exposure. Rochester and who is the publisher of ScoTT slide. Senator Hugh Scott emerged As a result of the new pesticide rules, two "Success Is a Crime." from a meeting with the President last public-interest groups said they agreed to month to report Mr. Nixon had told him: drop a lawsuit seeking to force the depart­ Because of the high level of current QUOTE slide. I have nothing to hide, the ment to act. "It is a good standard insofar controversy over tax reform proposals, White House has nothing to hide, I repeat: as it is a good precedent for the future," some of which would dissemble the tax­ We have nothing to hide, and you are au­ said Miriam Guido, a staff attorney of the sheltering that Mr. Frank has so suc­ thorized by me to make that statement. Migrant Legal Action Program, a plaintiff in cessfully pursued, I thought my col­ ZIEGLER slide. Press Secretary Ziegler was the lawsuit along with the National Health leagues would be interested in reading still defending the President's counsel John Law Program, Los Angeles. However, she said, a recent article that appeared in the the standard should cover other pesticides Dean on March 26th. Palm Beach Post-Times. In this article, QuOTE slide. I specifically deny as abso­ and more crops, and further studies are lutely false that Dean had prior knowledge needed to be certain the reentry times are Mr. Frank outlines his views on tax re­ of the bugging. The President has absolute, long enough. forms and on the essence of incentive in total confidence in Dean. The crops covered by the standards are the American economic system. MITCHELL slide. Linked to Watergate plan­ oranges, lemons, grapefruit, peaches, grapes, Mr. Speaker, I should like to insert this ning by conspirator James McCord, John apples and tobacco. The pesticides are azin­ article into the RECORD at this point: Mitchell on March 29th: phosmethyl (sold under the brand name TAX REFORMS CALLED DESTRUCTIVE TO QuoTE slide. I have previously denied any Guthion), carbophenothion (Trithion), de­ INCENTIVE prior knowledge of or involvement in the meton (Systox), diazinon, dimethoate (Cy­ Watergate affair, and again reaffirm such gon) dioxation (Delnav), disulfoton (Disy­ (By Maurice B. Frank) denial. Ston), EPN, ethion, imidan (Prolate), mala­ With all the talk of tax reform going on, NIXON slide. Then, on the 17th of this thion, methyl parathion, mevinphos (Phos­ I am reminded o! the story going the month, the President changed his position, drin), monocrotophos (Azodrin), naled (Di­ "rounds" during the F.D.R. days. no longer did he maintain no White House brom), oxydemethonmethyl (Meta-Systox A man riding in a taxi in Washington aides were involved. R) , parathion, phosalone ( Zolone) , phos- happened to say to the driver that Roose- 14846 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May_ 8, 1973 velt was talking about raising taxes for the Reams of publicity have appeared about Our economists who came up with that war effort to the end that the government the so called inequity of our tax laws, which statement may have a problem finding a hos­ would seize all income over $50,000 per year. have been written and rewritten by "think­ pital in their later years or an endowed uni­ The cab driver replied that he thought it ing" congressmen and senators and their tax versity for their children, but what the hell, was a "great idea." The passenger then said, advisors. Can they possibly be "the nitwits" we soaked the rich, didn't we? facetiously, he heard a prominent Senator some writers accuse them of being? These As I said earlier, most of our wealthy had suggested that everything over $10,000 very writers, if at all successful, are avail­ people started from scratch. Let's not con­ should go for taxes, to which the cab driver ing themselves of some form of tax shelter, spire against our sons and grandsons. Give retorted, "They can't do that, I make more or if earning $50,000 per year, would be pay­ them a chance to become wealthy, if they than $10,000." ing over half of it to the government, plus earn it. Destroy incentive and you destroy Much has been said about tax reforms, but all the other hidden taxes and in state, the country. mostly by people wasting no time on think­ county and city taxes as well. ing. Do they not realize if tax-free bonds As one Supreme Court Justice once said, were eliminated, as has been suggested, all "To evade taxes is a crime, not to avoid them the public improvements using this form of is a sin." Tax shelters are not available only financmg, with the municipality paying only to the super rich. One third of all municipal VOLUNTEER FIREMEN HONORED about half the normal interest rate, would bonds are being purchased by individuals, have to be subsidized by the city, county, from all walks of life in denominations as state or government? The enormous amount small as $1,000. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF of money they formerly saved by issuing tax­ As for real estate tax shelters in the form OF NEW YORK free bonds would then be spread over thou­ of limited partnerships, one can invest as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sands of small taxpayers. little as $5,000, but one should be in a fifty Millions of blue collar workers own stocks per cent bracket to get the most advantage Tuesday, May 8, 1973 and homes. Shall we eliminate capital gains, from such an investment. Don't be misled which take only as much as 35 per cent on into thinking that all the published state­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, recently their once-in-a-while gains, and raise it to ments are true, that it is a one-way street the citizens of my home community of 70 per cent? If the ordinary man who bought for the wealthy or for any other investor in Great Neck, N.Y., had the opportunity a house 20 years ago for $20,000 suddenly a real estate limited partnership. I deal in to honor a group of volunteer firemen for decides to sell it for the $80,000 it's now worth them but always point out to my partners acts of courage and heroism. The men and rent an apartment for his declining years, that a piece of property which we buy must they honored exemplified not only the should he pay 70 per cent tax on the profit, be held for 16 years to avoid recapture-if best traits of people in their field, but also as the reformers suggest? sold or foreclosed before that time, most of the best traits of our people. It is in this Now, let's talk about depreciation. Thou­ the benefits taken are wiped out in the "year sands of middle income people are buying of the happening". So in effect the taxpayer light that I would like to join with the condominium apartments. Remove the tax merely borrowed the money he deferred in people of Great Neck, and all Americans incentive of deducting depreciation, interest taxes and it becomes payable in its entirety in recognizing the tremendous service and taxes, and you remove the primary rea­ that year. None of the writers bother to say that volunteer firemen perform for their sons for their sale. When construction stops, anything about recapture of depreciation. A communities, and I would like to rec­ thousands of people stop working, car sales perfect case in point was my advent into the ommend that my colleagues take note of decline and those people who build them go tax shelter business in 1965. the following editorial which appeared in on relief. Then what? Taxes go up at the I sold my four Holiday Inns, which I state and federal levels ... who pays them? started in 1949, for $3,300,000. The downpay­ the Great Neck Record, and the article The little man? Yes! ment of $500,000 on my sale was not enough which details some of the actions which I presume we could change the tax laws to pay my first installment on my income were specifically honored: in such a way as to catch those approximately tax, mostly on account of that little used THANKS TO OUR FIREMEN 1,000 people in the United States who avoid word "accelerated depreciation," which Members of the Vigilant Fire Company paying taxes on their income, and when we merely means putting back what you bor­ honored nine of their own at their recent din­ do, let's prepare to pay 100 times or more rowed. ner-dance at Temple Emanuel, and it be­ as many dollars into our state and govern­ Philip Stern in his latest book says that a hooves us all to add our own words of ap­ ment coffers. It will come from the pockets computerized survey by two prominent preciation, admiration and gratitude for a of those who are screaming the loudest. Brookings Institution economists reveals that service which does in fact often make the L-et us not forget that most of the fortunes by simply doubling the rate on capital gains difference between life and death. There are of great names in American history have al­ $14 billion could be raised. They are prob­ few jobs in society that make that kind of ready been wiped out with inheritance taxes ably conservative in their estimate, but most difference, but firemen still operate at that or grants to worthy charities for the benefit of the billions would come from the rank and real-life level where a job well done can of all mankind. Had these same benefici­ file population and not the 1,000 people he mean that a man, woman or child will live aries of the government's present method of would like to see clobbered. and not die. And here in Great Neck, where we taxation not built the hospitals and universi­ The bright economists, unnamed, are also are served by volunteer fire companies, the ties, and furnished the hundreds of millions quoted as saying that another $21 billion fireman who saves a life may be doing so at of dollars for research and other charities, could be saved if the joint return were elimi­ considerable risk to his own and with ab­ the government would have had to spread nated, and then blithely move on to the solutely no recompense. the cost over millions of its citizens. charitable deduction and mortgage interest And so to First Lieut. James Dunn, to Chief In their absence, it would make our coun­ deduction, the elimination of which he says Michael Okon, to Capt. Edward Canfield, to try a far more unattractive place in which to is scare talk to frighten churches, colleges, Fireman Edwin Holic, to Freman Robert Lin­ live, trying to get even with a thousand peo­ hospitals, and universities, and why not? coln Sr., to Fireman Lee A. Ielpi, to Second ple who admittedly have it easier than the Billions have been donated yearly to these Assistant Chief Frank Gilliar Jr., to Fireman rank and file general public. Let us not cut worthy causes. George Psarudakis and to Fireman Leon off our nose to spite our face! This thousand Eliminate this so called tax loophole and Kane, we at the Record want to extend the will finally turn over most of their money to the government picks up the tab and spreads deepest thanks of an entire community for the government in estate taxes or charity, it on everyone, or shall we simply close them? a job so well and so vitally done. We hope that and in the meantime keep the "wheels of Mr. Stern concludes his book with the state­ in your lifetimes you will encounter friends progress" moving, investing in business ven­ ment, "End these billions of tax welfare for and neighbors who will serve you as selflessly tures that employ thousands. Break them the rich." Once that's done we can all talk in times of need as you have served all of us. and you break the country. sensibly about personal deductions and Every man strives to become a millionaire. exemptions. VIGILANTS HoNOR NINE VAMPS Remove that incentive by making it im­ Unfortunately, governments don't work possible and you remove the reason for Amer­ that way. Sure, a way might be found to Nine members of the Vigilant Fire Com­ get even with these people and destroy their pany received credit where credit was due ica becoming great. Let us not forget most of at the company's recent 68th annual din­ our millionaires started with nothing. Just a ability to keep the wheels of progress moving, ner-dance at Temple Eme.nuel. This was ~w had their millions left to them, because but as for the government giving that money the first year the company has made for­ our tax laws won't permit it to happen. back in any form to the rank and file, forget mal awards, and Chief Michael Okon said One third of our municipal bonds are it. Governments raise taxes, they don't lower he hopes to make it a tradition. owned by individuals. them. As our taxi driver friend said, "They Medals of Valor went to four firemen for Hundreds of irresponsible politicians are can't do that. I make more than ten thousand fire rescues in which lives were saved. Fire­ screaming, "Soak the rich. Let's get those few a year." man Edwin Holle received his medal for people who pay no taxes". But let them not If Washington takes a good hard look at evacuating seven tenants from a boarding forget that in so doing they may wreck the that $35 billion they could pick up, they may house on Park Pl. where fire broke out on whole economy and themselves, but most of do it. It won't take long to think of a way March 1, 1971. all, their constituents, who are looking at the to spend it, but as for turning it back to the Captain Edward Canfield received his hole instead of the doughnut. little guy, forget it. medal for rescuing a fellow fireman during May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14847 the fire at Bernard's hair salon on Aug. 14, I want to share with you today some of to redevelopment itself-can be improved. 1971. Under extreme heat and smoke condi­ my concerns as to the current picture we are But we don't need and can't accept an 18- tions, Capt. Canfield located the fireman, facing in the housing and urban renewal month dead-halt while evaluating how to whose air mask had expired. policies and programs of this nation. While improve on the approach. Capt. Okon :::.aid First Lieut. James Dunn some of the politicians may argue that the There are desperate people out there count­ each earned a medal for a joint rescue of an crisis of our cities has passed, your national Ing on us. We, in redevelopment, cannot elderly woman in a first floor apartment at officers in NAHRO believe that this is not the turn our backs on them just when they have 12-14 Bond St. which caught fire on July 6, case. For we have been in continuous com­ learned what "hope" and "trust" mean. The 1965. The two firemen braved extreme heat munication with the 1100 communities disadvailltaged have no place else to turn. and smoke conditions to find the uncon­ which are now involved in community de­ Let us continue our endeavor while we refine scious woman, whom they brought to safety velopment programs throughout our 50 and iinprove the system. and revived by mouth-to-mouth resuscita­ states. Whether that refinement is called "new tion. Believe me, these communities are facing federalism" or "special revenue sharing" or The Fireman of the Year Award went to major dilemmas in how they can continue "housing allowances," its success will depend Fireman Robert Lincoln Sr. for "constant to execute their present commitments and ultimately on how deeply it involves all seg­ active d· votion to duty beyond the normal plan future priorities in providing "a decent ments of the public and private sectors. requirements." Lincoln was captain of the home and a suitable living environment for We know that to have successful housing company from 1938 to 1940, assistant chief in every American family." and community development programs re­ 1941, company treasurer from 1967 to date, Policies and actions out of Washington in quires the involvement from the steps of the exempt president from 1970 to date, and the past four months have been highly dis­ Whit e House to the ghettos of America. To fund drive chairman in 1970, 1971, and 1972. ruptive, poorly conceived, and ill-timed in spell it out ... a network of active partici­ The Ambulance Award for "outstanding their execution, as the Administration, after pation from the President, the Congress, t o effort to preserve human life" was made to four years in office, only now begins its tardy the state governments, mayors, city council­ four men for their performance while serv­ evaluation of past programs in order to shape men, public and private officials and all t h e ing on the ambulance crew. The four men future directions and Federal policy. The Ad­ people of our local communities. made extraordinary efforts to resuscitate pa­ ministration's continuous use of catch­ Most important, we know that the Federal tients while on ambulance calls. They are phrases-such as "local determination of pri­ government should not and cannot abdicate Fireman Lee A. Ielpi, Second Assistant Chief orities" . . . "all is peaceful in the cities" its moral domestic responsibility and leader­ Frank Gilliar Jr., Fireman George Psaruda­ .•. and "urban renewal is a total failure"­ ership role in providing a decent home for kis and Fireman Leon Kane. have only served to disguise the many suc­ each citizen. Yet it appears that this is pre­ cesses of urban renewal efforts. They have cisely what is happening. provided an excuse for termination of com­ Previous Administrations and Congress, munit y development programs and a halt over a period of years, have developed agreed­ HOUSING AND URBAN to those particular federally assisted housing upon housing goals to meet the nation 's programs benefitting the nation's poor, the needs . . . 26 million new and rehabilitat ed DEVELOPMENT elderly, and disadvantaged minorities. units projected over a 10-year period. Hous­ Simplistic r-Uches and Federal funding ing production, which requires a long lead­ HON. PATSY T. MINK time-lags have only served to disrupt the time, has been gradually stepped up. It has cities and bring a sudden halt to the prog­ been only in this past year, however, that we OF HAWAll ress that has been made in the past decade are finally beginning to approach a level of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES toward improved comprehensive community home building which can bring us within the development programs. Tuesday, May 8, 1973 realm of achieving the 10-year goals estab­ First of all, I want to sketch for you a lished in 1968. Mrs. MINK. Mr. Speaker, within a very more exact picture of the crippling effects More than 700,000 units of subsidized hous­ short time urban development has de­ of the Administration's program termina­ ing have been produced under the Section veloped a mythology, a series of cliches tions and housing moratoriums-and to doc­ 235 homeownership and Seotion 236 rental which has too often led its supporters ument the effects of the gap occurring be­ programs during the past five years since pas­ and detractors to extremes of optimism tween vital urban needs and the uncertain sage of the 1968 Housing Act ... almost as and proposed low-levels of future Federal many as had been produced in the preceding and pessimism. On one hand now you funding. 30 years. Yet they have in effect been declared have the

27% deficit from the current year. While this of assisted housing over the next two years comprehensive strategy for community-wide I reduced level is supposed to be maintained will have serious consequences for our efforts development. through the following fiscal year, I wonder to revitalize our cities, regardless o-f whether 4. Myth: Urban renewal focuses on only a what really happens in fiscal 1975, if there we have special revenue sharing or continue few activities (mainly reviving central busi­ are no new commitments planned and au­ with urban renewal and other categorical aid ness districts}, involves a long lead time, and thorized in fiscal 1974? programs. The ability of our cities to survive is not people-oriented. If the present moratorium should extend as fit places to live will depend on how well Reality: Based on evolving experience, ur­ much beyond the next 6 months, by the end we are able to address housing needs, par­ ban renewal has undergone a series of legis­ of fiscal 1974, the nation will have fallen ticularly low and moderate-income housing lative and administrative changes which con­ 45% behind in its efforts to keep up with needs. centrate more attention on housing and jobs, the 10-year housing goals Congress approved Some low-moderate income housing pro­ accelerate program results, and respond to I in 1968. grams for low and moderate income families human needs: ' Failure to make good on anticipated new­ have been poorly administered by the gov­ More emphasis on existing housing stock: housing starts that would have been spread ernment's bureaucratic approaches and de­ 1964--65 Legislative amendments. over the remainder of fiscal 1973 and the fol­ ficient operations. In some few places there Redirection to housing and jobs: National lowing two years could result in a direct has been waste and corruption. But it is Urban Renewal Goals: Administrative loss to the economy of 7.5 billion dollars ridiculous and destructive to try and cure Policy, 1968. in new-housing construction, plus an addi­ these problems with meat ax tactics. It would More emphasis on low and moderate in­ tional loss of 12 billion dollars from related seem that the appropriate way for a civilized come housing: Proxmire amendment. facilities and services. nation to conduct responsible government Assurance of adequate replacement hous­ The total economic impact of an extended would be to not truncate these vital, but ing: Weicker Amendment. moratorium would be a loss of more than 19 perhaps imperfect, existing programs until Citizen participation: HUD Administrative billion dollars ... and 2.2 million man­ viable alternatives have been created. Policies. I, years of employment. Studies have clearly shown that feder­ Acceleration of program results: Neighbor­ These national figures are almost too large ally-assisted housing-be it public housing, hood Development Program (NDP}-Hous­ to have any meaning. In short, the freeze the 235, 236, 312 or 117 programs--incorpo­ ing and Urban Development Act of 1968. could cripple the whole 1968 Housing Act. rates generally effective methods which have Increased assistance to displaced families

More important, it is a crushing blow to the helped this nation achieve its housing goals, and businesses: Uniform Relocation Act of I hopes of millions of Americans. Unemploy­ and benefitted many lo-w-income families, 1971. ment in the construction field and related the very people who these programs were More responsibility to local communities I services, plus manufacturing businesses, designed to serve. Even as other go-vernment­ and less by Federal government: Proclaimer would rise to tragic proportions. Thousands assisted FHA mortgage insurance subsidy Policy. of families and elderly citizens will remain programs with provisions for tax deduction 5. Myth: Urban renewal has a totally dis­ ill-housed and out of work ... unable to allowances, have housed and benefitted ruptive impact on local communities, adding contribute to our economy and forced to seek well-to-do families. few positive aspects to community life. public assistance requiring increased taxes From our years of experience, it is obvious Reality: Urban renewal has only begun to I for welfare. that without the direct Federal subsidy, it demonstrate its positive economic, social, and Let me illustrate the specific effects of the will be impossible for develo-pers to build ex­ physical by-products in terms of: impoundment and moratorium by citing a cept for the middle and upper-income mar­ Generating non-Federal investment. i few examples of its pnpact on several local ket. Increasing the lo-cal tax base. : communities. The anti-infiation efforts of the Adminis­ Creating new jobs. The Washington, D.C., area faces a special tration appear to protect the economically Improving the general economy of the i dilemma. In response to specific Federal en­ and socially privileged, rather than improve community and neighborhoo-d. couragement, Metropolitan Washington last the performance of the economy in serving Expanding the availability of public fa­ I year became the first urban area in the na­ the poor and disadvantaged of our society. cilities. tion to plan its subsidized housing needs on Let me address some comments now to a Raising the quality of neighborhood en­ I a region-wide basis, with concentrations of whole mythology that has developed concern­ vironment. housing in the suburbs as well as the city. ing the alleged failure of urban renewal. Infiuencing the progress and environment Last June, as a bonus for that pioneering ef­ These myths are as follows: of areas surrounding renewal activity. fort, the Department of Housing and Urban 1. Myth: Urban renewal is only a big city Multiplying the number and quality of i Development pledged the area sufficient sub­ problem. social service programs. sidies to cover 6,247 units. As recently as two Reality: Urban renewal is active in nearly 6. Myth: Urban renewal is public funds months ago, local and Federal officials were 1,000 communities in every state, with % of used to support public activity. actively negotiating the program's imple­ the localities with a population below 50,000. Reality: Urban renewal is a generator of I mentation. 2. Myth: Urban renewal is a narrow pro­ private investment, encouraging private

Now, with an estimated 100 million dollars gram. sponsorship and ownership, and stimulat­ . worth of housing promised and some 12,000 Reality: Urban renewal encompasses all of ing private activity in areas which would families on waiting-lists for public housing, the major elements required to revitalize otherwise be neglected. i the status of the whole program remains in local communities. These myths have served to retard our doubt. Removes slums and blight. efforts in effectively evaluating present pro­ In Georgia, the suspension of all subsidy Stimulates housing development, especially grams. As professionals, we stand always j programs will cost private industry an esti­ fo= low and mo-derate income families. ready to learn from the successes and failures of our renewal efforts. While much of the mated 383 million dollars in lost business Rehabilitates the existing housing stock. I over the next 18 months, including 44 million Conserves and preserves the existing hous­ criticism of urban renewal can be attributed dollars in the city of Atlanta. ing stock: code enforcement. to the fact that the few failures of programs I Nine counties in the Oakland-San Fran­ Provides supporting public and community always gain prominent attention, while the cisco Bay Area stand to lose 355 million dol­ facilities. more numerous successes and benefits go un­ I lars in construction and more than 26,000 Revitalizes the community's commercial noticed, it is my belief that urban criticism jobs in the next year if the housing mora­ capacity. stems mainly from the current lack of a torium stands. There were 16,600 units of Generates additional industrial capacity. comprehensive analysis of the nation's urban federally subsidized housing in the Bay Area Utilizes undeveloped land. renewal programs. This analysis should be pipeline when the Housing Secretary shut Utilizes inappropriately developed land. an integral function and priority of our na­ off the valve. Assists in the development of new towns- tional administration. It is unfortunate and The New York State Division of Housing in-town. poor management that the Administration will have to halt plans for 27 projects with Enhances the community's environmental has had more than four years to complete 7,500 apartments which were ready to go quality. such analysis, but is only now beginning to into construction but were awaiting approval Provides additional cultural opportunities. conduct this review. ' for Federal subsidy. According to Abrum Affords additional recreational opportu­ Without such an analysis, we lack the Hyman, Deputy Commissioner of the New nities. tools to properly evaluate past efforts and '· York State Division of Housing, during the Facilitates the development of related eco- shape future Federal policy. next 18 months they won't be able to go nomic and social programs. Because of this lack of knowledge, of data, ahead with plans for another 20,000 units Encourages historic :.,>reservation. studies and evaluation of the impact of ur­ because they can't be built without Federal Demolishes unsafe buildings. ban renewal and community development funds. To quote Mr. Hyman, "When it gets Sustains areas through interim assistance. programs, it is our intention in NAHRO­ to construction, that's the end of the road. 3. Myth: Urban renewal is a piecemeal, with the assistance of yourselves and other categorical program. of our local professional associates scattered It will take 36 to 40 months to get go-ing I again. Developers won't sponsor projects Reality: Urban renewal is being used in in hundreds of communities across our na­ when they know subsidy is not available." many localities not as an isolated response tion-to erase these myths by informing Nationwide, the loss of some 500,000 unite to a particular problem, but as a consolidated, the National Administration of the realities

I

-• I May 8, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14849 we find in our local communities. Your data effect of crippling outgoing renewal pro­ skeptical of any automatic pay-out, such is already coming in, and it will be sum­ grams. Those regulations all but eliminated as now exists for general revenue sharing. marized and presented to the Administra­ acquisition from the NDP program for the While we would favor a formula that as­ tion and Committees of Congress forthwith. next year. The Department has also required sures a community a certain basic grant to I will now hlghlight what I believe to be rehabilitation alternatives to the 312 loan carry out a development program, we do not the major current problems confronting program prior to Federal approval of local favor a dole-out which gives money away localities brought about by the Administra­ programs. without some specific plan of action. tion's moratorium and recent actions: The practical effect of these policies is to Since funds will be short to begin wit h, 1. The abrupt termination of new urban emasculate greatly the programs and permit we ought to make sure the money goes where renewal activity as of June 30, 1973. minimal activity in the cities during the it is most needed. Cities should have to make This program termination will have serious next year. application for these funds, ceTtainly not in effects on hundreds of communities which 5. The imposition of the moratorium on as detailed a form as they now h a ve to make planned new activities during the next fiscal new commitments for Federally-assisted low for urban renewal and ot her categorical aid and moderate income housing, which affects programs, but, at a minimum, showing what year. These will have to be curtailed, delayed, their development needs are an d how they or even cancelled. housing planned on urban renewal sites and for relocation. intend to meet them. In addition to postponing or eliminating In short, while we favor the flexibility and scheduled new activities, the termination Renewal projects have programmed into their plans, the reuses of significant land local autonomy, a checks-an d-balance Fed­ will also result in the lack of planning for eral review is essential to insure that the true future programs and therefore create a for Federally-assisted low and moderate in­ come housing. HUD has never been willing needs of all our citizens are bein g met. It "leadtime gap" for scheduling new activities this new program is not carefully devised, we in the future. to commit the necessary number of units when the projects were approved. As a re­ may find ourselves trading excellent social One of the rationales for this termination and economic programs of the past for is that $5.7 billion in urban renewal appro­ sult of the current housing moratorium, priations remain unspent and available for many units will not be approved for renewal nothing more than a glorified public-works use by cities during FY 74. This is a false fig­ projects. program. In addition to violating the urban renewal I also think that we should be proposing ure in view of the fact that a large portion a much more equitable level of funding for of this money has been committed/ spent by plans, possibly forcing localities to violate statutory requirements for those units, the community development revenue sharing. localities, though grants have not been paid The 2.3 billion dollars proposed for fiscal on these amounts to date. For NDP alone, moratorium will result in many families, in­ the lag between appropriation and grant pay­ cluding relocatees from Hun-assisted proj­ 1974-75-when revenue sharing is to begin­ out by HUD can be two years, though a ects, not being adequately housed. barely keeps us even with where we are locality has most of that money obligated Special care has been taken in the past today. It doesn't take into account ever­ many months before grant payout. The lag few years to involve the community in re­ rising costs nor the fact that our categorical for conventional programs is much longer newal projects, and a great level of expecta­ aid programs are already on a starvation and also does not mean that the money tion has been generated as a result. The ef­ budget. hasn't been committed/ spent by localities. fects of these problems can therefore be seri­ In comparison, the final 1974 defense­ 2 . Suspension of new activity tor concen­ ous, damaging and longlasting, reducing the spending plan marks a jump of 4.7 billion trated code enforcement and neighborhood credibility of government (Federal and dollars over the current year-which is twice improvement under the Section 117 program. Local) in the eyes of the people. the amount proposed for special revenue In Fiscal Year 1973, the Administration I think we should be taking this time sharing--even though the United States is did not allocate any funds from the Title I during the moratorium to reaffirm or reiden­ out of the Vietnam war and the 2.2 million urban renewal appropriation for Section 117 tify for the American people the nation's real. Americans in uniform will be the smallest activities. The Fiscal Year 1974 HUD budget housing needs, particularly the need for number in 24 years. continues to ignore code enforcement. low and moderate-income housing. I would While we turn our backs on the humani­ This lack of funding can most generally be urge you to give your support to the new ties, we are at the same time pumping more National Ad Hoc Housing Coalition, which money into military spending. Consider an attributed to the expressed reluctance on is doing that very thing. the part of the Administration to provide 81.1 billion dollar spending program for na­ I believe that we should look closely at tional defense in the next fiscal year. adequate financial support for programs the proposal for community development scheduled for eventual consolidation into a This will rank second only to the record revenue sharing to see what opportunities of 81.6 billion dollars for fighting around the community development block grant pro­ it offers and how it could be improved or gram. This will mean not simply a loss of globe and developing the first atomic bomb refined both through the legislative and in 1945. continuity in program activity, but also will administrative process. result in an accompanying loss to the field of Furt hermore, a still bigger defense budget The most immediate problem is the meth­ totaling 85.5 billion dollars ... an additional the trained specialists who have gradually od chosen for making a transition from our built up the competence to give the program 4.4 billion dollar increase ... is forecast for existing categorical aid programs to special fiscal 1975. momentum and make it work, and delay in revenue sharing. In fact, there appears to be conserving localities' housing supply. Where is our social conscience? no transitional plan. What are our priorities? 3. The impoundment and eventual termi­ The major categorical aid programs such nation of the Section 312 rehabilitation loan In God's name, how can we find resources as Model Cities and urban renewal are to be to expand our defense budget and propose program. terminated as of June 30. Special revenue The Citizens Planning and Housing As­ to redevelop North and South Vietnam while sharing is not supposed to start until a year we remain blatantly insensitive to our very sociation of Baltimore, Maryland has termed later. this program "the most important housing own? In the meantime, we are told, local. com· Unless we wake up to the fact that the program in Baltimore City." This is a state­ munity development efforts are to limp ment which has been echoed nationally in mandate of last November was to build and along as best they can with whatever money not to destroy, to help and not to hinder, to support of "this program within a program" is on hand as of June 30. Furthermore, which provides direct loans for rehabilita­ address problems and not to avoid them, we severe restrictions have been placed on the will have misread the spirit of the American tion activities. money that is available. Local public agen­ HUD estimates show that the program is people. We have a unique opportunity to cies will not be able to acquire new land; fashion well-conceived and workable solu­ working; only 4 % of 312 loans are over 90 wherever possible, existing projects axe to days delinquent in payment, and only 40 tions which will clearly define our Federal be closed out and staff capability reduced. commitment to housing. We must meet this homes have had to be repossessed over the I think this is the wrong way to go about eight year life of the program. Yet this challenge in a spirit of compassion and it. understanding. program has continually been the victim of We need a decent interval of transition impoundments of appropriated funds. In ad­ Let us not be guilty of underestimating the in which cities can continue at their own intelligence of the American people by dition, recent stringent rehabilitation loan option to use the categorical aid programs to priorities established by HUD have reduced minimizing their ability to be extremely continue necessary activities. The magnitude articulate on matters which reflect their well­ its effective coordination with other commu­ and scale of the community development nity development activities. being ... housing, quality environment and The absence of funds for Section 312 is needs of our cities are too urgent. We can't employment. particularly damaging to local officials in afford to lose a year or more of new ac· I have no crystal ball, and I do not want that it destroys their capacity to continue tivity. to be an alarmist. But the reality of past with programs already underway and de­ The categorical aid programs must be al­ experience reminds us . .. lest our memories stroys their credibility with property owners lowed to continue at the same time special be so short . .. that frustration in these areas in communities. revenue sharing is being initiated and all brought blood to our streets before. 4. The announcement oj administrative the kinks are being ironed out. Let us unite and avoid a reinvitation t o regulations limiting acquisition and rehabili­ In addition to seeking a decent period of disaster. tation activities under urban renewal. transition, I think we ought to seek safe­ We, as professionals, offer the weight of Administrative regulations issued by HUD guards in the use of these special revenue our long experience. We intend to make that within the past three months have had the sharing funds. For example, we ought to be experience count. CXIX--937-Part 12