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TEX Reference Card TEX Reference Card Relations Accents (for Plain TEX) · \leq or \le ¸ \geq or \ge ´ \equiv Type Example In Math In Text Á \prec  \succ » \sim hata ^ \hat \^ Greek Letters ¹ \preceq º \succeq ' \simeq expanding hat abcc \widehat none ® \alpha ¶ \iota % \varrho ¿ \ll À \gg ³ \asymp checka · \check \v ¯ \beta · \kappa σ \sigma ½ \subset ⊃ \supset ¼ \approx tildea ~ \tilde \~ γ \gamma ¸ \lambda & \varsigma ⊆ \subseteq ¶ \supseteq =» \cong expanding tilde abcf \widetilde none ± \delta ¹ \mu ¿ \tau v \sqsubseteq w \sqsupseteq ./ \bowtie acutea ¶ \acute \' ² \epsilon º \nu υ \upsilon 2 \in 2= \notin 3 \ni or \owns gravea ` \grave \` ` \vdash a \dashv j= \models dota _ \dot \. " \varepsilon » \xi Á \phi : ³ \zeta o \o ' \varphi ^ \smile j \mid = \doteq double dota Ä \ddot \" ´ \eta ¼ \pi  \chi _ \frown k \parallel ? \perp brevea ¸ \breve \u θ \theta $ \varpi à \psi / \propto bara ¹ \bar \= # \vartheta ½ \rho ! \omega Most relations can be negated by pre¯xing them with \not. vector ~a \vec none ¡ \Gamma ¥ \Xi © \Phi 6´ \not\equiv 2= \notin 6= \ne The \skewhnumberi command shifts accents for proper posi- ¢ \Delta ¦ \Pi ª \Psi tioning, the larger the hnumberi, the more right the shift. Com- £ \Theta § \Sigma ­ \Omega Arrows pare ¤ \Lambda ¨ \Upsilon ^ ^ à \leftarrow or \gets á \longleftarrow \hat{\hat A} gives A^ , \skew6\hat{\hat A} gives A^ . Symbols of Type Ord ( \Leftarrow (= \Longleftarrow ! \rightarrow or \to ¡! \longrightarrow Elementary Math Control Sequences @ \aleph 0 \prime 8 \forall ) \Rightarrow =) \Longrightarrow overline a formula x + y \overline{x+y} ¹h \hbar ; \emptyset 9 \exists $ \leftrightarrow Ã! \longleftrightarrow underline a formula x + y \underline{x+y} p { \imath pr \nabla : \neg or \lnot , \Leftrightarrow () \Longleftrightarrow | \jmath \surd [ \flat square root px + 2 \sqrt{x+2} 7! \mapsto 7¡! \longmapsto higher order roots n x + 2 \root n\of{x+2} ` \ell > \top \ \natural Ã- \hookleftarrow ,! \hookrightarrow n + 1 } \wp ? \bot ] \sharp fraction {n+1\over 3} " \uparrow * \Uparrow 3 < \Re k \| | \clubsuit # \downarrow + \Downarrow n + 1 = \Im 6 \angle } \diamondsuit fraction, no line {n+1\atop 3} l \updownarrow m \Updownarrow 3 @ \partial 4 \triangle ~ \heartsuit ¡n + 1¢ % \nearrow & \searrow binomial coe®. {n+1\choose 3} 1 \infty n \backslash Ä \spadesuit - \nwarrow . \swarrow 3 ©n + 1ª Large Operators The \buildrel macro puts one symbol over another. The for- braced fraction {n+1\brace 3} mat is \buildrelhsuperscripti\overhrelationi. 3 P T J £n + 1¤ \sum \bigcap \bigodot ®¯ bracketed fraction {n+1\brack 3} Q S N ¡! \buildrel\alpha\beta\over\longrightarrow 3 \prod \bigcup \bigotimes def ` F L f(x) = x + 1 f(x)\; {\buildrel\rm def\over=} \;x+1 The following specify a style for typesetting formulas. \coprod \bigsqcup \bigoplus R W U \displaystyle \textstyle \scriptstyle \scriptscriptstyle H \int V \bigvee \biguplus Delimiters \oint \bigwedge Non-Italic Function Names [ \lbrack or [ f \lbrace or \{ h \langle Binary Operations ] \rbrack or ] g \rbrace or \} i \rangle \arccos \cos \csc \exp \ker \limsup \min \sinh j \vert or | b \lfloor d \lceil \arcsin \cosh \deg \gcd \lg \ln \Pr \sup § \pm \ \cap _ \vee or \lor k \Vert or \| c \rfloor e \rceil \arctan \cot \det \hom \lim \log \sec \tan ¨ \mp [ \cup ^ \wedge or \land [[ [\![ (( (\!( hh \langle\!\langle \arg \coth \dim \inf \liminf \max \sin \tanh n \setminus ] \uplus © \oplus ]] ]\!] )) )\!) ii \rangle\!\rangle a \pmod{m} a (mod m) mod with parentheses a \bmod m a mod m mod without parentheses ¢ \cdot u \sqcap ª \ominus Left and right delimiters will be enlarged if they are pre¯xed £ \times t \sqcup ­ \otimes with \left or \right. Each \left must have a matching The following examples use \mathop to create function names. ¤ \ast / \triangleleft ® \oslash Example Command Plain TEX De¯nition \right, one of which may be an empty delimiter (\left. or lim \lim_{x\to2} \def\lim{\mathop{\rm lim}} ? \star . \triangleright ¯ \odot \right.). To specify a particular size, use the following: x!2 ¦ \diamond o \wr y \dagger \bigl, \bigr \Bigl, \Bigr \biggl, \biggr log2 \log_2 \def\log{\mathop{\rm log}\nolimits} ± \circ ° \bigcirc z \ddagger You can also say \bigm for a large delimiter in the middle of a ² \bullet 4 \bigtriangleup q \amalg formula, or just \big for one that acts as an ordinary symbol. Footnotes, Insertions, and Underlines ¥ \div 5 \bigtriangledown Every Time Insertions \footnotehmarkeri{htexti} footnote Page Layout \topinserthvmode materiali\endinsert insert at top of page \everypar insert whenever a paragraph begins \hsize=hdimeni set width of page \pageinserthvmode materiali\endinsert insert on full page \everymath insert whenever math in text begins \midinserthvmode materiali\endinsert insert middle of page \vsize=hdimeni set height of page \everydisplay insert whenever displayed math begins \displaywidth=hdimeni set width of math displays \underbar{htexti} underline text \everycr insert after every \cr °c 2007 J.H. Silverman, Permissions on back. v1.5 \hoffset=hdimeni move page horizontally Send comments and corrections to J.H. Silverman, Math. Dept., Brown \voffset=hdimeni move page vertically Univ., Providence, RI 02912 USA. [email protected] Useful Parameters and Conversions Indentation and Itemized Lists Dimensions, Spacing, and Glue \day,\month,\year the current day, month, year \indent indent Dimensions are speci¯ed as hnumberihunit of measurei. \jobname name of current job \noindent do not indent Glue is speci¯ed as hdimeni plushdimeni minushdimeni. \romannumeralhnumberi convert to lower case roman nums. \parindent=hdimeni set indentation of paragraphs point pt pica pc inch in centimeter cm \uppercase{htoken listi} convert to upper case \displayindent=hdimeni set indentation of math displays m width em x height ex math unit mu millimeter mm \lowercase{htoken listi} convert to lower case \leftskip=hdimeni skip space on left \rightskip=hdimeni skip space on right 1 pc = 12 pt 1 in = 72.72 pt 2.54 cm = 1 in 18 mu = 1 em Fills, Leaders and Ellipses \narrower make paragraph narrower Horizontal Spacing: \quad (skip 1em) \qquad Horizontal Spacing (Text): \thinspace \enspace \enskip Text or Math: ::: \dots \item{hlabeli} singly indented itemized list . \hskiphgluei \hfil \hfill \hfilneg Math: ::: \ldots ¢ ¢ ¢ \cdots . \vdots .. \ddots \itemitem{hlabeli} doubly indented itemized list \hangindent=hdimeni hanging indentation for paragraph Horizontal Spacing (Math): thin space \, medium space \> The following ¯ll space with the indicated item. \hangafter=hnumberi start hanging indent after line n. thick space \; neg. thin space \! \mskiphmugluei \hrulefill \rightarrowfill \leftarrowfill \dotfill If n < 0, indent ¯rst jnj lines. Vertical Spacing: \vskiphgluei \vfil \vfill The general format for constructing leaders is \parshape=hnumberi general paragraph shaping macro \strut box w/ ht and depth of \(", zero width \leadershbox or rulei\hskiphgluei repeat box or rule Headers, Footers, and Page Numbers \phantom{htexti} invisible box with dim of htexti \leadershbox or rulei\hfill ¯ll space with box or rule \vphantom{htexti} box w/ ht & depth of htexti, zero width \nopagenumbers turn o® page numbering \hphantom{htexti} box w/ width of htexti, zero ht & depth TEX Fonts and Magni¯cation \pageno current page number. To get roman nums, \smash{htexti} typeset htexti, set ht & depth to zero set \pageno=hnegative numberi \raisehdimeni\hbox{htexti} raise box up \rm Roman \bf Bold \tt Typewriter \folio current page number, roman num if < 0 \sl Slant \it Italic \/ \italic correction" \lowerhdimeni\hbox{htexti} lower box down \footline material to put at foot of page \movelefthdimeni\vbox{htexti} move box left \magnification=hnumberi scale document by n=1000 \headline material to put at top of page. To leave n \moverighthdimeni\vbox{htexti} move box right \magstephnumberi scaling factor ofp 1:2 £ 1000 space, set \voffset=2\baselineskip, make Skip Space Between Lines: \smallskip \medskip \bigskip \magstephalf scaling factor of 1:2 room with \advance\vsize by-\voffset. encourage a break \smallbreak \medbreak \bigbreak \font\FN=hfontnamei load a font, naming it \FN Macro De¯nitions break if no room \filbreak \font\FN=hfontnamei at hdimeni scaled to dimension Set Line Spacing: \baselineskip = hgluei \font\FN=hfontnamei scaled hnumberi scaled by n=1000 \def\cs{hreplacement texti} de¯ne the macro \cs single space \baselineskip = 12pt true hdimeni dimension with no scaling \def\cs#1 ¢ ¢ ¢ #n{hrepl. texti} macro with parameters 1 1/2 space \baselineskip = 18pt \char`\c print the character or symbol c \let\cs=htokeni give \cs token's current meaning double space \baselineskip = 24pt Alignment Displays Advanced Macro De¯nition Commands Increase Line Spacing \openuphdimeni \long\def macro whose args may include \par use \jot's 1\jot = 3pt \settabshnumberi\columns set equally spaced tabs \outer\def macro not allowed inside de¯nitions Allow Unjusti¯ed Lines \raggedright \settabs\+hsample linei\cr set tabs as per sample line \global\def or \gdef de¯nition that transcends grouping Allow Unjusti¯ed Pages \raggedbottom \edef expand while de¯ning macro \+htext1i&htext2i&¢ ¢ ¢\cr tabbed text to be typeset Braces and Matrices \halign horizontal alignment \xdef or \global\edef global version of \edef \matrix rectangular array of entries \halign tohdimeni horizontal alignment \noexpandhtokeni do not expand token \pmatrix matrix with parentheses \openuphdimeni add space between lines \expandafterhtokeni expand item after token ¯rst \bordermatrix matrix with labels on top and left \noalign{hvmode
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