OM — Creation and Completion: the Descent and Ascent of Spirit In
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An Understanding of Maya: the Philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva
An understanding of Maya: The philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva Department of Religion studies Theology University of Pretoria By: John Whitehead 12083802 Supervisor: Dr M Sukdaven 2019 Declaration Declaration of Plagiarism 1. I understand what plagiarism means and I am aware of the university’s policy in this regard. 2. I declare that this Dissertation is my own work. 3. I did not make use of another student’s previous work and I submit this as my own words. 4. I did not allow anyone to copy this work with the intention of presenting it as their own work. I, John Derrick Whitehead hereby declare that the following Dissertation is my own work and that I duly recognized and listed all sources for this study. Date: 3 December 2019 Student number: u12083802 __________________________ 2 Foreword I started my MTh and was unsure of a topic to cover. I knew that Hinduism was the religion I was interested in. Dr. Sukdaven suggested that I embark on the study of the concept of Maya. Although this concept provided a challenge for me and my faith, I wish to thank Dr. Sukdaven for giving me the opportunity to cover such a deep philosophical concept in Hinduism. This concept Maya is deeper than one expects and has broaden and enlightened my mind. Even though this was a difficult theme to cover it did however, give me a clearer understanding of how the world is seen in Hinduism. 3 List of Abbreviations AD Anno Domini BC Before Christ BCE Before Common Era BS Brahmasutra Upanishad BSB Brahmasutra Upanishad with commentary of Sankara BU Brhadaranyaka Upanishad with commentary of Sankara CE Common Era EW Emperical World GB Gitabhasya of Shankara GK Gaudapada Karikas Rg Rig Veda SBH Sribhasya of Ramanuja Svet. -
Celibacy.Pdf
Publisher : Mr. Ajit C. Patel LMMMMMMNO Mahavideh Foundation 5, Mamatapark Society, O B/h. Navgujarat College, O Usmanpura, Ahmedabad-380014 O Tel. : (079) 27543979 O Brahmcharya : O All Rights Reserved - Dr. Niruben Amin O ©: Trimandir, Simandhar City, P.O.-Adalaj-382421, O Celibacy Dist.:Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India Attained With Understanding O O First Edition : 2000 copies, March, 2005 O Second Edition : 2000 copies, Nov., 2006 O - Gnani Purush Dadashri O O Price : Ultimate Humility & O "I Don't Know Anything" O Rs. 20.00 O O Editor : Dr. Niruben Amin O Printer : Mahavideh Foundation Basement, Parshwanath Chambers, O Near R.B.I., Usmanpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. QRRRRRRS Tel. : (079) 27542964, 27540216 Publisher : Mr. Ajit C. Patel LMMMMMMNO Mahavideh Foundation 5, Mamatapark Society, O B/h. Navgujarat College, O Usmanpura, Ahmedabad-380014 O Tel. : (079) 27543979 O Brahmcharya : O All Rights Reserved - Dr. Niruben Amin O ©: Trimandir, Simandhar City, P.O.-Adalaj-382421, O Celibacy Dist.:Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India Attained With Understanding O O First Edition : 2000 copies, March, 2005 O Second Edition : 2000 copies, Nov., 2006 O - Gnani Purush Dadashri O O Price : Ultimate Humility & O "I Don't Know Anything" O Rs. 20.00 O O Editor : Dr. Niruben Amin O Printer : Mahavideh Foundation Basement, Parshwanath Chambers, O Near R.B.I., Usmanpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. QRRRRRRS Tel. : (079) 27542964, 27540216 Trimantra Introduction to The 'Gnani Purush' (The Three Mantras) On a June evening in 1958 at around six o’clock, Ambalal Namo Arihantanam Muljibhai Patel, a family man, a contractor by profession, was I bow to the Lord who has annihilated all the inner sitting on a bench on the busy platform number 3 of Surat’s enemies of anger, pride, attachment and greed. -
Women's Studies Quarterly
!" #$%%!& #' ()( **+++, - ,**)+ . ! "# /0 (1 )231 4 ( ! " !"# $%& '()*++'',- 4 1 ( ! "# $ % ! & % ' !( ) * )+ #%, %% -.#/+ 0%!!% !%0 % )))% 0 ! # %! & %10 #% 2& %+ 3) WOMEN'S STUDIES BOOK REVIEW Sami Schalk. Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women’s Speculative Fiction. Duke UP, 2018. Bodyminds Reimagined is a compelling critical study of the points of contact and convergence between disability studies and Black feminist studies in contemporary Black women ’s spec- ulative fiction. In the first monograph focusing exclusively on the representation of disability by Black authors, Schalk meticulously sketches the contours of the various fields with which Bodyminds Reimagined converses. Schalk begins with the stance that “(dis)ability is rarely accounted for in black feminist theory ” and that disability studies “has often avoided issues of race ” (3 –4). Speculative fiction, Schalk argues, is a rich site to interrogate the contact between Black feminist theory and disability studies because the nonrealist genre elements allow authors to “reimagine the possibilities of bodyminds ” (17) and posit alternative constructions of identity in nonreal worlds that in turn “force readers to question the ideologies undergirding these categories ” (18). Bodyminds Reimagined considers Black women ’s speculative fiction published after 1970 using a three-pronged methodology: rejecting the good/bad binary that characterizes much scholarship on representations of disability; attending to more than just character analysis in close reading individual texts; and approaching speculative worlds on their own terms and reading them through their nonrealist rules. Bodyminds Reimagined is not only a vital examination of disability within Black fiction, but also a methodological manual of sorts for scholars inspired to continue this intellectual project. But what is a “bodymind ”? Schalk borrows this vocabulary from the materialist feminist disability scholarship by Margaret Price. -
Karma, Samsara and Moksha
, and Karma Samsara Moksha We A re W h a t We D o ; What We Do Affects Others. and Karma, Samsara Moksha On Hinduism, a person is an appearance of Brahman. Karma is the way Brahman appears as the person—what the person is. A person maya appears at birth and disappears at death. qua A person Brahman goes through cycles of death and rebirth. qua Karma Karma is the way Brahman appears; it is the way a maya is. Applied to sentient beings, the word “karma” means “deed” or “action.” A person’s karma is the collection of a person’s past and present intentions and actions. “We are what we do.” Your life is your karma, and your life is you. Ocean of Karma Collectively, karma can be viewed as the web of actions and reactions initiated and maintained by people’s intentions and deeds. The ocean of life is the ocean of karma. What others have done affects us, and what we have done affects others. Your pain and sorrow is my pain and sorrow; your joy and happiness is my joy and happiness. The ocean of karma is . We should do our best to increase love and our life decrease hate. A Teaching on Karma Upanishad According as one acts, according as one conducts himself, so does he become. The doer of good becomes good. The doer of evil becomes evil. He becomes as he desires. … He who desires comes again to this world to perform actions. — Brihad-aranyaka Upanishad 4.4.5–6 We Are What We Do The effects of karma occur not just in the future; they also happens right at the very moment a deed is performed. -
Copyright © and Moral Rights for This Thesis Are Retained by the Author And/Or Other Copyright Owners
Jacobs, Naomi Lawson (2019) The Upside‐down Kingdom of God : A Disability Studies Perspective on Disabled People’s Experiences in Churches and Theologies of Disability. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/32204 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. The Upside-down Kingdom of God: A Disability Studies Perspective on Disabled People’s Experiences in Churches and Theologies of Disability NAOMI LAWSON JACOBS Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2019 Department of Religions and Philosophies SOAS, University of London 1 Abstract This thesis argues that, in many churches, disabled people are conceptualised as objects of care. However, disabled Christians are capable of being active agents in churches, with service, ministry and theologies of their own to offer. In Part A, I explore the discourses that have historically functioned in churches to marginalise disabled Christians. Using a Foucauldian approach, I argue that the Christian pastoral model has a fundamental orientation towards individualism, addressing disability through frameworks of care and charity, rather than through a model of justice. -
Concept of Salvation in Hinduism
HINDUISM AND CONCEPT OF SALVATION {With special reference to The Bhagavad Gita} Tahira Basharat∗ The concept of salvation is present in almost all religions in its own distinct way. The primary purpose of all religions is to provide salvation to their followers and the existence of many different religions indicates that there is a great variety of opinion about what constitutes salvation and the means of achieving it. The term salvation can be meaningfully used in connection with so many religions, however, shows that it distinguishes a notion common to men and women of a wide range of cultural traditions. The monotheistic religions state that barrier between human and God is a sin. The monotheistic religions define salvation as entering a state of eternal communion with God, which means that personhood will not be abolished but perfected. However, they differ greatly on the way one can be saved and on the role Jesus Christ has in it. According to Judaism and Islam, salvation is attained by performing good deeds and following the moral law. According to Christianity this is not enough and the role of Jesus Christ as Savior is essential. Other Eastern religions, such as Buddhism and Taoism, take salvation as an illumination, meaning the discovery of and conformity of oneself with an eternal law that governs existence. Dualistic religions, which state that two opposed forces of good and evil rule our world, see salvation as a return to an initial angelic state, from which humans have fallen into a physical body. Salvation, for the Hindu, can be achieved in one of three ways: the way of works, the way of knowledge, or the way of devotion. -
River Bank Primary Knowledge Organiser Year 6 Autumn 2 Being a Good Hindu
River Bank Primary Knowledge Organiser Year 6 Autumn 2 Being a good Hindu Key Vocabulary Important Facts Hinduism is a religion and dharma, or way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent Brahman- God, Ultimate Reality and parts of Southeast Asia. Brahman and atman are vital concepts in the Hindu understanding of a human being. Atman- eternal self The Hindu story from the Mahabharata, the ‘man in the well’ presents one picture of Mahabharata- stories taken the way the world is for a Hindu. Hindus believe the atman (eternal self) is trapped in from the Bhagavad Gita the physical body and wants to escape the terrible dangers, but the human is distracted (Hindu’s holy scripture) by the trivial pleasures instead of trying to get out. This is a warning to Hindus that Punusharthas- four aims of life they should pay attention to finding the way to escape the cycle of life, death and rebirth. dharma – religious or moral Hindus believe in the idea of karma, and how actions bring good or bad karma. Hindus hold beliefs about samsara, where duty the atman travels through various reincarnations, to achieve moksha. artha – economic development The four aims of life (punusharthas) for Hindus are: Dharma – religious or moral duty moksha – liberation from the Artha – economic development, providing for family and society by honest cycle of birth and means rebirth/reincarnation Kama – beauty of life karma – the law of cause and Moksha – liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth/reincarnation. effect By pursuing these aims contribute to good karma; doing things selfishly or in samsara – the cycle of life death ways that harm other living things brings bad karma. -
A Buddhist Inspiration for a Contemporary Psychotherapy
1 A BUDDHIST INSPIRATION FOR A CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY Gay Watson Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London. 1996 ProQuest Number: 10731695 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731695 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT It is almost exactly one hundred years since the popular and not merely academic dissemination of Buddhism in the West began. During this time a dialogue has grown up between Buddhism and the Western discipline of psychotherapy. It is the contention of this work that Buddhist philosophy and praxis have much to offer a contemporary psychotherapy. Firstly, in general, for its long history of the experiential exploration of mind and for the practices of cultivation based thereon, and secondly, more specifically, for the relevance and resonance of specific Buddhist doctrines to contemporary problematics. Thus, this work attempts, on the basis of a three-way conversation between Buddhism, psychotherapy and various themes from contemporary discourse, to suggest a psychotherapy that may be helpful and relevant to the current horizons of thought and contemporary psychopathologies which are substantially different from those prevalent at the time of psychotherapy's early years. -
Anti-Ableist Glossary of Disability Terms By: Sara M. Acevedo, Phd
Acevedo 1 Anti-Ableist Glossary of Disability Terms By: Sara M. Acevedo, PhD. Project Synopsis This project originated in the United States as a joint effort between the Vera Institute of Justice, the National Resource Center (NRC) and other allied organizations and their partner community of translators1. In response to the needs and priorities identified by the communities themselves, the partner organizations adopted a comprehensive action strategy focused on the joint development of initiatives seeking equality and justice for families and whole communities impacted by violence. These initiatives involve elements of research, recommendations on policy and direct action in order to help strengthen the affected groups which, owing to their social, economic, political, ethnic and cultural circumstances, find themselves in a situation of extreme vulnerability. In summary, the primary and overall aim of this project is to guarantee equality, sustainability and quality in these alliances by strengthening the communicative ties between service provider organizations and the disabled persons they support. Acevedo 2 Table of Contents Project Synopsis ................................................................ 1 Outline of the Glossary ...................................................... 5 Political and Cultural Framework ....................................... 5 Scope and Approach .......................................................... 6 1. Aceptación (English: acceptance): ............................... 8 2. Autodeterminación (English: -
KS2 Compulsory God (Hinduism) What Should We Be Able To
KS2 Compulsory God (Hinduism) What are deities and how do they connect with Hindu beliefs about God or the Ultimate Reality? What should we know? What should we be able to do? Brahman That ‘Hinduism’ is an umbrella term for a collection Explain that the Ramayana is an important story for of ways of living and is monotheistic. Brahman is the (Ultimate Reality) Atman (soul) Hindus because it helps them understand why ultimate reality or life force fulfilling your dharma (duty) is important That the Hindu Trimurti represents the cycle of life Know that moksha is freedom from samsara and and helps Hindus worship Brahman. Other deities that it can be achieved by fulfilling your dharma by help Hindus understand more about Brahman. Brahma Vishnu Shiva carrying out good karma That the atman (soul) is a bit of Brahman; each living Creator: Preserver: Destroyer: Understand that Hindus get information about thing has an atman. Beginning of Living of Life Ending of Life Brahman, the atman, dharma and moksha from a The atman travels on the cycle of samsara (birth, Life range of sources, including holy texts, religious death and reincarnation). leaders and family members The ultimate goal for Hindus is to break free from the cycle of samsara and reach Moksha (freedom Birth Samsara from the cycle). Death What words should we understand and be able Hindus believe they will get their atman (soul) closer (Cycle of Life) to use? to Moksha by fulfilling their dharma (duty). Life Brahman The Ultimate Reality or life force; there is a bit of Brahma One of the Trimurti. -
Disabling Trauma: Toward a Crip Critique of Post-Traumatic Stress
Disabling Trauma: Toward A Crip Critique of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Angela M. Carter IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dr. Jigna Desai and Dr. Jennifer Pierce, Co-Advisors August 2019 Angela M. Carter Copyright, 2019 Acknowledgments As both a disabled person and a Buddhist practitioner, I believe deeply in the truth of our interdependence. We do nothing on our own. Nothing about who we are, or who we become, is a singularity. Our multitudes not only support one another in ways we cannot always know, they intertwine in ways we cannot begin to imagine. I am here today because of a multitude, a multitude of others. It began with the Ronald E. McNair Program so many years ago - so I must begin with acknowledging the folks there who first told me this was possible. Dr. Harker and Sarah Hass - I quite literally would not be here without you. Christine, thank you in particular, for being the first person to truly teach me how to think, write, and analyze. You opened doors I didn’t know existed and for that this dissertation is your success as much as it is mine. Joan and Dr. Minner, how can I ever thank you? There just aren’t words for the people who adopt you when you most need to be adopted. Thank you. Thinking (and becoming) happens in community and I could not have thought these thoughts without the disability communities I have found. -
1 Intellectual/Developmental Disability, Rhetoric, and Self-Advocacy
Intellectual/Developmental Disability, Rhetoric, and Self-Advocacy: A Case Study Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sean Kamperman, M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee Christa Teston, Advisor Margaret Price Amy Shuman 1 Copyrighted by Sean Kamperman 2019 2 Abstract Using grounded methods and deploying a critical disability studies framework, this dissertation assesses how people who identify or are identified as having intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD) use their rhetorical skills—specifically, their self-advocacy skills—to access academic life. Through interviews and observations of rhetors affiliated with an innovative inclusive education program pseudonymously titled “STEP” (“Successful Transitions and Educational Progress”), I offer a practice account of I/DD’s relation to rhetoricity, or rhetorical capacity, in academic spaces. Contra to officialized discourses that portray self-advocacy as the responsibility of individual rhetors, I attend to self-advocacy’s social and rhetorical dimensions across three “sites”: student self-advocacy practices, assessment technologies used to measure student self-determination, and the self-advocacy practices of professional self-advocates. After a methodological commentary on the need for qualitative researchers in rhetoric and writing studies to attend to accessibility as a practical and theoretical concern, I conclude by reflecting on the implications of my findings for rhetorical education writ large: specifically, for how teachers conceive of the relationship between collaboration and credibility in their classrooms. ii Dedication For Milton iii Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the generous support of so many.