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University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard College Campus) School of Built Environment and Development Studies Research Topic: Assessing the rationale of linking housing delivery with the provision of clean water and proper sanitation in low-income settlements. Case study: Kennedy Road in Durban By Abongile Mpofu Supervisor: Mr V Myeni This dissertation is submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the requirements towards the degree of Master of Housing to the School of Built Environment and Development Studies, Howard Collage Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal Declaration of plagiarism I, Abongile Mpofu hereby declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work, except where otherwise acknowledged in the text, and it has not been submitted in whole or part for any examination or degree at any University. Student: ___________________________ Signature: __________________________ Date: ________________ i | P a g e Acknowledgement I would firstly like to thank God almighty for giving me strength to complete this dissertation. Secondly I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the following people for their enormous contribution in the completion of this dissertation, many of whom have contributed directly whereas others have contributed indirectly over the years: Firstly, to my supervisor Mr. Vincent Myeni for the continuous support of my master’s degree and related research, for his patience, motivation, immense knowledge, useful comments, remarks and engagement through the learning process of this master’s thesis. His guidance helped me all through the research and writing of this dissertation. I could not have imagined having a better supervisor and mentor for my master’s research project. The interviewees for their unconditional willingness to participate in this master’s dissertation, particularly the eThekwini Water and Sanitation Unit, the Department of Human Settlements, and the Community of Kennedy Road Informal Settlement. This would not have been possible without your participation. The financial assistance of the JB-Marks Trust Fund towards this master’s degree is hereby acknowledged. Nsizwazonke Ephraim Yende for abandoning your work to accompany me to the field and also for your support. My family members, above all my parents, Mr. and Mrs. Mpofu, for giving me life. Their unconditional, non-stop love and support over the years. My siblings for their support throughout my academic life. ii | P a g e Dedication This Housing Master’s dissertation is dedicated to my parents Mr. M.D and Mrs. EN Mpofu for their sacrifices, perseverance as well as support on the road to make this study a reality. iii | P a g e Abstract This research study assesses the rationale of linking housing delivery with the provision of clean water and proper sanitation. This is achieved through assessing issues such as lack of access to adequate housing, clean water and proper sanitation using Kennedy Road informal Settlement as a case study. Chapter one of this research paper introduces the topic based on delivery of housing and the provision of water and sanitation for a low income group in an urban setting. It further provides an overview of the research problem, research aims and objective. The chapter also defines fundamental concepts such as quality of Life in low income settlements, informal settlements, sustainable human settlements, and water-related diseases which are essential in the understanding the study. It also presents the methodology, which the research study adopted to collect data. This section looks at the research design, methods applied, sampling of the population, data collection as well as analysis methods. This study adopted a qualitative research method to collect data. Data was collected using household surveys, which were conducted in the selected case study area and interviews were conducted with the officials from the housing, water and sanitation units. Chapter two looks at key elements of the research study namely theoretical framework. This chapter provides the theories on which the study is based. These theories or approaches are Basic Human Needs Approach, Human Rights Based Approach, Threshold Saturation Theory and Integration and Coordination Approach. Chapter three provides a literature review on the delivery of housing with the provision of clean water and proper sanitation to the urban poor. Furthermore the literature helps to create a framework for understanding global trends on housing delivery together with the provision of clean water and proper sanitation for the urban poor. This chapter also looks at how these trends influence South African housing delivery and the provision of water and sanitation. International and local iv | P a g e case studies are provided to support the argument. This section analytically engages with the existing literature, it also analyses the work of researchers, scholars and the international and local legislative framework on housing, water and sanitation. Chapter four presents an overview of the historical background of the case study, which is Kennedy Road. It also unpacks the characteristics of the area, by considering the geographical location, the historical background of the study area, plus the socio-economic status including valuable resources, employment level and the well-being of the occupants. Chapter five presents the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the research findings and an explanation of how the research findings relate to the research questions that guided the study. Chapter six deals with the findings and outlines the conclusion for the research paper. It concludes the research paper by providing a review of the entire research and further gives recommendations based on the findings of the research. Research findings reveal that lack of access to adequate housing, clean water and proper sanitation has a negative effect on the health and the well-being of the urban poor; the further show that lack of access to water contributes to ill health, environmental and socio-economic problems. The summary of the results and analysis were gathered from the interviews and questionnaires in the study area, during the site visits that were conducted. The summary of findings determines the degree to which the research paper has successfully answered the research question, sub-questions and objectives. v | P a g e Acronyms and Abbreviations ANC African National Congress AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BNG Breaking Ground New Ground CoGTA Cooperative Governance & Traditional Affairs DHS Department of Human Settlements DWA Department of Water Affairs DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry GDP Gross Domestic Product GWP Global Water Partnership HDB Housing and Development Board HIV Human immunodeficiency Virus KZNDHS KwaZulu-Natal Department of Human Settlements MDGs Millennium Development Goals NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations NWA National Water Act 36 of 1998 PLHIV People Living with HIV/Aids RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme RSA Republic of South Africa UN United Nations UNHR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children Fund USD United States Dollar WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WEDC Water, Engineering and Development Centre WHO World Health Organisation WSP Water and Sanitation Programme WSSCC Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council WWC World Water Council VIP Ventilated Improved Pit vi | P a g e Table of Content Declaration of plagiarism .................................................................................... i Acknowledgement ................................................................................................. ii Dedication ............................................................................................................ iii Abstract ................................................................................................................ iv Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................... vi Table of Content ..................................................................................................... List of Maps ......................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ....................................................................................................... iii List of Charts ........................................................................................................ iii List of Photographs .............................................................................................. iv 1 Chapter One: Introduction and Research Methodology........................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement ..................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Main Research Question ............................................................................. 6 1.5 Subsidiary Questions .................................................................................. 6 1.6 Hypotheses ................................................................................................. 7 1.7 Definition of key concepts ........................................................................... 7 1.7.1 Quality of Life in low income

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