DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0377385 A1 ENAN (43) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0377385 A1 ENAN (43) Pub US 20140377385A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0377385 A1 ENAN (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 25, 2014 (54) PEST CONTROL COMPOSITIONS AND AOIN35/04 (2006.01) METHODS AOIN 43/78 (2006.01) AOIN 43/88 (2006.01) (71) Applicant: TyraTech, Inc., Morrisville, NC (US) AOIN 6.5/22 (2006.01) AOIN 65/16 (2006.01) (72) Inventor: Essam ENAN, Davis, CA (US) AOIN37/02 (2006.01) AOIN 65/12 (2006.01) 1-1. (52) U.S. Cl. (22) Filed: May 29, 2014 CPC ................ A0IN 65/32 (2013.01); A0IN 65/12 O O (2013.01); A0IN 65/08 (2013.01); A0IN37/18 Related U.S. Application Data (2013.01); A0IN37/36 (2013.01); A0IN 27/00 (63) Continuation of application No. 12/009.220, filed on (2013.01); A0IN 43/50 (2013.01); A0IN 43/78 Jan. 16, 2008, now abandoned. (2013.01); A0IN 43/88 (2013.01); A0IN 65/22 (60) Provisional application No. 60/885,214, filed on Jan. (2013.01); "N'e','!N 7e 16, 2007, provisional application No. 60/885,403, • u. fs filed on Jan. 17, 2007, provisional application No. USPC ............................ 424/745; 424/764: 514/341 60/889,259, filed on Feb. 9, 2007. (57) ABSTRACT Publication Classification Embodiments of the present invention provide compositions for controlling a target pest including a pest control product (51) Int. Cl. and at least one active agent, wherein: the active agent can be AOIN 65/32 (2006.01) capable of interacting with a receptor in the target pest; the AOIN 65/08 (2006.01) pest control product can have a first activity against the target AOIN37/18 (2006.01) pest when applied without the active agent and the composi AOIN 37/36 (2006.01) tions can have a second activity against the target pest, and the AOIN 27/00 (2006.01) second activity can be greater than the first activity. Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 1 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 2 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 3 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 PKC Biogenic amine receptors coupled Ca?: to intracellular P3/DAG signating pathway FIG. 3 Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 4 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 % o s e d s s wn Ø s s 3,s o SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSNS s (s SN %% N & d Š s N O SS c a. SSSNSN 3, % T & s SSNSS SNSS 3, s E o3 NS 2 c s s 2S qa : re SSSS S 2, w NSNS w 3, s ss s E SNSN 2. ra s co s n o a SeSN g d o d k g d r N KD Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 5 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 Middle Dose of H1 with Clothianidin: % Knock Down at 30 seconds Post Application of 1 m of Test Material: Aedes aegypti. 120 Treatment FIG. 4B Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 6 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 % Knock Down at 30 seconds Post Application of 1 ml of Test Material: Aedes aegypti. 120 NF.N Hists 2 % Ns N Treatment FG. 4C Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 7 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 % Knock Down at 30 seconds Post Application of 1 ml of Test Material: Drosophila sp. 80 Treatment FIG. 4D Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 8 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 o % E grew ca3. c SN %: 8 c s 2 s d e. a o f. d es O S. 3ver Näs;% s es ea y SN-2 s e s NSS3, 2 Š9 SS r " S. g E es s s N s waus wed s c c s o N ce es c 3. % KD Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 9 Of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 © %), F.G. 6A /0377385 A1 Synergy Test for American Cockroa ch 1:100, 1:50, :500 imidacloprid/5% HL-1 ````* ```` N ````§ ```` §º2§,ºg,ºg F.G. 6B Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 11 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 20 00 s 80 o 60 CL4 e - O - pyrethrum 40 -v- mix t 20 as 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time elapsed after treatment, hrs FIG. 7 Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 12 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 +?————————————————r————---+ +---+---+-------------------------~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~r????????????????????+ +——————————~~~~~~——————---+ +———————————————————————H +————————––1––1––1–––1––1––1–––4 +————————–––1––––––1––1––? Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 13 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~} +—————————~~~~f~~~~—~~~~} +—————————+–––1––1––1––––1–––? Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 14 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 |||||()|| 00089 00087 ||||||||\(|||||||||||()||()|| RFU Patent Application Publication Dec. 25, 2014 Sheet 15 of 15 US 2014/0377385 A1 |`?)|| |||()|| ||---- 0802090y0Z010 > ?I |(-)|T(S)>||||| ||||||()||NL|||| |No.|||| 00000}, 0 US 2014/0377385 A1 Dec. 25, 2014 PEST CONTROL COMPOSITIONS AND target pest at a standard concentration of pest control product, METHODS and the compositions exhibit a greater disablement effect than the pest control product applied without the active agent. The CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED first activity can persist for a first period, the second activity APPLICATIONS can persist for a second period, and the second period can be 0001. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent longer than the first period. The active agent can include a application Ser. No. 12/009,220, filed Jan. 16, 2008, which synergistic combination of at least two receptor ligands. The claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. second activity can reflect a synergistic interaction of the 60/885,214 filed Jan. 16, 2007, 60/885,403 filed Jan. 17, active agent and the pest control product. 2007, and 60/889,259 filed Feb. 9, 2007, each of which is 0007. The target pest can be selected from the group con hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. sisting of a fungus, a plant, an animal, a moneran, and a protist. The target pest can be an arthropod species, such as, FIELD OF THE INVENTION for example, an insect, an arachnid, or an arachnoid. The target pest can be a species belonging to an animal order 0002 The present invention relates to compositions and selected from: Acari, Anoplura, Araneae, Blattodea, methods related to controlling insects. Coleoptera, Collembola, Diptera, Grylloptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mantodea, Mallophaga, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, 0003. While the first recorded use of chemicals to control Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, Symphyla, Thysanura, and Thys pests dates back to 2500 BC, only in the last 60 years has anoptera. chemical control has been widely used. Early pesticides 0008. The pest control product can be a chlorphenoxy included hellebore to control body lice, nicotine to control compound Such as, for example, 2,4-D Amine and/or 2.4D aphids, and pyrithrinto control a wide variety of insects. Lead IBE. Likewise, the pest control product can be a carbamate arsenate was first used in 1892 as an orchard spray, while at Such as, for example, methomyl, carbofuran, carbaryl, the same time it was discovered that a mixture of lime and BPMC, carbendazim, carbosulfan, captain hydrochloride, copper sulphate (Bordeaux mixture) controlled downy mil and/or cartap. The pest control product can be an organophos dew, a fungal disease of grapes. phate such as, for example, acephate, malathion, diazinon, 0004. The modern era of chemical pest control com chlorpy firos, fenoxycab, edifenphos, febuconazole, chlor menced during World War II. For example, DDT played a phenapyr, magnesium phosphide, metamidophos, and/or major role in maintaining the health and welfare of Soldiers fenitrothion. The pest control product can be an organochlo who used it to control body lice and mosquitoes. Further rine such as, for example, DDT. DDE, and/or heptachlorep developments of pesticides followed, and with their relatively oxide. The pest control product can be a pyrethroid such as, low cost, ease of use, and effectiveness, they became the for example, cypermethrin, cynmethylin +2,4-D IBE, lamb primary means of pest control. Protection of crops, produce, dacyhalothrin, dazomet, cyfluthrin, betacypermethrin, pen animals, and humans over extended periods became possible dimethlin, permethrin, deltamethrin, bifenethrin, alphacyper with corresponding increases in food production and methrin, fenvalerate, propanil, and/or esfenvalerate. The pest improved standards of living. control product can be a neonicotinoid such as, for example, 0005. Some modern pesticides are sophisticated com thiomethoxam, fipronil, clothianidin, and/or imidacloprid. pounds that are carefully researched to ensure they are effec The pest control product can include at least one of an aver tive against target organisms, generally safe to the environ mectin, abamectin, spinosad, fluxastrobin, and/or indoxac ment, and can be used without undue hazard to users or arb. The pest control product can be a botanical product Such consumers. Many of these have been developed to target as, for example, rotenone, nicotine, caffeine, a pyrethrum, an specific biochemical reactions within the target organism, essential oil, and/or a fixed oil. The pest control product can e.g. an enzyme necessary for photosynthesis within a plant or be a fungicide, a nematicide, an insecticide, an acaricide, a hormone required for normal development in an insect. and/or a bactericide. Thus, Some modern chemicals are safer, more specific, and 0009. The receptor can be a G protein-coupled receptor friendlier to the environment than the older products they (GPCR), such as a GPCR of the insect olfactory cascade, such have replaced. as, for example, a tyramine receptor, an olfactory receptor Or43a, an olfactory receptor Or83b and/or an octopamine SUMMARY receptor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bon Echo Provincial Park
    BON ECHO PROVINCIAL PARK One Malaise trap was deployed at Bon Echo Provincial Park in 2014 (44.89405, -77.19691 278m ASL; Figure 1). This trap collected arthropods for twenty weeks from May 7 – September 24, 2014. All 10 Malaise trap samples were processed; every other sample was analyzed using the individual specimen protocol while the second half was analyzed via bulk analysis. A total of 2559 BINs were obtained. Over half the BINs captured were flies (Diptera), followed by bees, ants and wasps (Hymenoptera), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), and beetles (Coleoptera; Figure 2). In total, 547 arthropod species were named, representing 22.9% of the BINs from the site (Appendix 1). All BINs were assigned at least to Figure 1. Malaise trap deployed at Bon Echo family, and 57.2% were assigned to a genus (Appendix Provincial Park in 2014. 2). Specimens collected from Bon Echo represent 223 different families and 651 genera. Diptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Coleoptera Hemiptera Mesostigmata Trombidiformes Psocodea Sarcoptiformes Trichoptera Araneae Entomobryomorpha Symphypleona Thysanoptera Neuroptera Opiliones Mecoptera Orthoptera Plecoptera Julida Odonata Stylommatophora Figure 2. Taxonomy breakdown of BINs captured in the Malaise trap at Bon Echo. APPENDIX 1. TAXONOMY REPORT Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona obesa Linyphiidae Ceraticelus Ceraticelus atriceps Neriene Neriene radiata Philodromidae Philodromus Salticidae Pelegrina Pelegrina proterva Tetragnathidae Tetragnatha Tetragnatha shoshone
    [Show full text]
  • Sharon J. Collman WSU Snohomish County Extension Green Gardening Workshop October 21, 2015 Definition
    Sharon J. Collman WSU Snohomish County Extension Green Gardening Workshop October 21, 2015 Definition AKA exotic, alien, non-native, introduced, non-indigenous, or foreign sp. National Invasive Species Council definition: (1) “a non-native (alien) to the ecosystem” (2) “a species likely to cause economic or harm to human health or environment” Not all invasive species are foreign origin (Spartina, bullfrog) Not all foreign species are invasive (Most US ag species are not native) Definition increasingly includes exotic diseases (West Nile virus, anthrax etc.) Can include genetically modified/ engineered and transgenic organisms Executive Order 13112 (1999) Directed Federal agencies to make IS a priority, and: “Identify any actions which could affect the status of invasive species; use their respective programs & authorities to prevent introductions; detect & respond rapidly to invasions; monitor populations restore native species & habitats in invaded ecosystems conduct research; and promote public education.” Not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that cause/promote IS intro/spread Political, Social, Habitat, Ecological, Environmental, Economic, Health, Trade & Commerce, & Climate Change Considerations Historical Perspective Native Americans – Early explorers – Plant explorers in Europe Pioneers moving across the US Food - Plants – Stored products – Crops – renegade seed Animals – Insects – ants, slugs Travelers – gardeners exchanging plants with friends Invasive Species… …can also be moved by • Household goods • Vehicles
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Insect Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma 2
    Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Insect Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma 2. Dragonflies (Odonata), Stoneflies (Plecoptera) and selected Moths (Lepidoptera) Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Survey of Selected Insect Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma 2. Dragonflies (Odonata), Stoneflies (Plecoptera) and selected Moths (Lepidoptera) by Boris C. Kondratieff, Paul A. Opler, Matthew C. Garhart, and Jason P. Schmidt C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 March 15, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration (top to bottom): Widow Skimmer (Libellula luctuosa) [photo ©Robert Behrstock], Stonefly (Perlesta species) [photo © David H. Funk, White- lined Sphinx (Hyles lineata) [photo © Matthew C. Garhart] ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Copyrighted 2004 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………….…1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………..…………………………………………….…3 OBJECTIVE………………………………………………………………………………………….………5 Site Descriptions………………………………………….. METHODS AND MATERIALS…………………………………………………………………………….5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………..…...11 Dragonflies………………………………………………………………………………….……..11
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Survey of Four Longleaf Pine Preserves
    A SURVEY OF THE MOTHS, BUTTERFLIES, AND GRASSHOPPERS OF FOUR NATURE CONSERVANCY PRESERVES IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA Stephen P. Hall and Dale F. Schweitzer November 15, 1993 ABSTRACT Moths, butterflies, and grasshoppers were surveyed within four longleaf pine preserves owned by the North Carolina Nature Conservancy during the growing season of 1991 and 1992. Over 7,000 specimens (either collected or seen in the field) were identified, representing 512 different species and 28 families. Forty-one of these we consider to be distinctive of the two fire- maintained communities principally under investigation, the longleaf pine savannas and flatwoods. An additional 14 species we consider distinctive of the pocosins that occur in close association with the savannas and flatwoods. Twenty nine species appear to be rare enough to be included on the list of elements monitored by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (eight others in this category have been reported from one of these sites, the Green Swamp, but were not observed in this study). Two of the moths collected, Spartiniphaga carterae and Agrotis buchholzi, are currently candidates for federal listing as Threatened or Endangered species. Another species, Hemipachnobia s. subporphyrea, appears to be endemic to North Carolina and should also be considered for federal candidate status. With few exceptions, even the species that seem to be most closely associated with savannas and flatwoods show few direct defenses against fire, the primary force responsible for maintaining these communities. Instead, the majority of these insects probably survive within this region due to their ability to rapidly re-colonize recently burned areas from small, well-dispersed refugia.
    [Show full text]
  • Arriving at the Whole Story President Chris Hepburn, Vice President Michael Clarke, Secretary Katherine Howard, Treasurer
    NEWSLETTER Newton’s land trust working to preserve open space since 1961 WINTER ISSUE NEWTONCONSERVATORS.ORG • WINTER 2020-2021 2020 Officers and Directors Ted Kuklinski, Arriving at the Whole Story President Chris Hepburn, Vice President Michael Clarke, Secretary Katherine Howard, Treasurer AnnaMaria Abernathy David Backer Peter Barrer Barbara Bates Dan Brody Bonnie Carter Margaret Doris ALL PHOTOS THIS ARTICLE: SAM JAFFE Henry Finch Left to right: Cecropia Giant Silk Moth, Hyalophora cecropia: found on buttonbush,Boston MA. Maurice Gilmore Elm Sphinx, Ceratomia amyntor: Mimic of dried elm leaves, found at Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge, Harvard MA. Daniel Green Abbott’s Sphinx, Sphecodina abbottii: False-eye and grape-patterns, found in Newton, MA on fox grape. William Hagar Ken Mallory George Mansfield y name is Sam Jaffe, and I founded bright warning colors, or strange inflatable Nyssa Patten The Caterpillar Lab — an tails and false eye-spots drew people in, Larry Smith Meducational outreach, art, and sparked interest and imagination. But today, Beth Wilkinson science non-profit organization that uses caterpillars represent so much more to native caterpillars and their stories to engage me. From working so closely with these Advisors and inspire the public with their own, local, insects for so long, from rearing over five Margaret Albright and ecologically important creatures. The hundred species and countless thousands of Lisle Baker Caterpillar Lab is a fluid thing, constantly individuals, and from bringing them to meet John Bliss changing as we learn from our audiences audiences every spring, summer, and fall, the Lee Breckenridge Lalor Burdick and our creatures alike. I would like to share world of caterpillars has exploded in size.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies and Moths of Union County, Oregon, United States
    Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail
    [Show full text]
  • Hawk Moths of North America Is Richly Illustrated with Larval Images and Contains an Abundance of Life History Information
    08 caterpillars EUSA/pp244-273 3/9/05 6:37 PM Page 244 244 TULIP-TREE MOTH CECROPIA MOTH 245 Callosamia angulifera Hyalophora cecropia RECOGNITION Frosted green with shiny yellow, orange, and blue knobs over top and sides of body. RECOGNITION Much like preceding but paler or Dorsal knobs on T2, T3, and A1 somewhat globular and waxier in color with pale stripe running below set with black spinules. Paired knobs on A2–A7 more spiracles on A1–A10 and black dots on abdomen cylindrical, yellow; knob over A8 unpaired and rounded. lacking contrasting pale rings. Yellow abdominal Larva to 10cm. Caterpillars of larch-feeding Columbia tubercle over A8 short, less than twice as high as broad. Silkmoth (Hyalophora columbia) have yellow-white to Larva to 6cm. Sweetbay Silkmoth (Callosamia securifera) yellow-pink instead of bright yellow knobs over dorsum similar in appearance but a specialist on sweet bay. Its of abdomen and knobs along sides tend to be more white than blue (as in Cecropia) and are yellow abdominal tubercle over A8 is nearly three times as set in black bases (see page 246). long as wide and the red knobs over thorax are cylindrical (see page 246). OCCURRENCE Urban and suburban yards and lots, orchards, fencerows, woodlands, OCCURRENCE Woodlands and forests from Michigan, southern Ontario, and and forests from Canada south to Florida and central Texas. One generation with mature Massachusetts to northern Florida and Mississippi. One principal generation northward; caterpillars from late June through August over most of range. two broods in South with mature caterpillars from early June onward.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum
    Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 112 I960 Number 3431 LACE-BUG GENERA OF THE WORLD (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) « By Carl J. Drake and Florence A. Ruhoff Introduction A treatise of the generic names of the family Tingidae from a global standpoint embodies problems similar to those frequently encountered in corresponding studies in other animal groups. The more im- portant criteria, including such basic desiderata as fixation of type species, synonyms, priority, and dates of technical publications implicate questions concomitant with recent trends toward the clarification and stabilization of zoological nomenclature. Zoogeography, predicated and authenticated on the generic level by the distribution of genera and species, is portrayed here by means of tables, charts, and maps of the tingifauna of the world. This visual pattern of distribution helps one to form a more vivid concept of the family and its hierarchic levels of subfamilies and genera. To a limited extent the data indicate distributional concentrations and probable centers of evolution and dispersal paths of genera. The phylogenetic relationship of genera is not discussed. The present treatise recognizes 216 genera (plus 79 synonyms, homonyms, and emendations) of the Tingidae of the world and gives 1 Research for this paper was supported In part by the National Science Foundation, grant No. 4095. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 112 the figure of 1,767 as the approximate number of species now recog- nized. These figures, collated with similar categories in Lethierry and Severin (1896), show that there has been an increase of many genera and hundreds of species of Tingidae during the past three- quarters of a century.
    [Show full text]
  • Macrolepidoptera Inventory of the Chilcotin District
    Macrolepidoptera Inventory of the Chilcotin District Aud I. Fischer – Biologist Jon H. Shepard - Research Scientist and Crispin S. Guppy – Research Scientist January 31, 2000 2 Abstract This study was undertaken to learn more of the distribution, status and habitat requirements of B.C. macrolepidoptera (butterflies and the larger moths), the group of insects given the highest priority by the BC Environment Conservation Center. The study was conducted in the Chilcotin District near Williams Lake and Riske Creek in central B.C. The study area contains a wide variety of habitats, including rare habitat types that elsewhere occur only in the Lillooet-Lytton area of the Fraser Canyon and, in some cases, the Southern Interior. Specimens were collected with light traps and by aerial net. A total of 538 species of macrolepidoptera were identified during the two years of the project, which is 96% of the estimated total number of species in the study area. There were 29,689 specimens collected, and 9,988 records of the number of specimens of each species captured on each date at each sample site. A list of the species recorded from the Chilcotin is provided, with a summary of provincial and global distributions. The habitats, at site series level as TEM mapped, are provided for each sample. A subset of the data was provided to the Ministry of Forests (Research Section, Williams Lake) for use in a Flamulated Owl study. A voucher collection of 2,526 moth and butterfly specimens was deposited in the Royal BC Museum. There were 25 species that are rare in BC, with most known only from the Riske Creek area.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Forest Insect Invasions
    Biol Invasions (2017) 19:3141–3159 DOI 10.1007/s10530-017-1514-1 FOREST INVASION Ecology of forest insect invasions E. G. Brockerhoff . A. M. Liebhold Received: 13 March 2017 / Accepted: 14 July 2017 / Published online: 20 July 2017 Ó Springer International Publishing AG 2017 Abstract Forests in virtually all regions of the world trade. The dominant invasion ‘pathways’ are live plant are being affected by invasions of non-native insects. imports, shipment of solid wood packaging material, We conducted an in-depth review of the traits of ‘‘hitchhiking’’ on inanimate objects, and intentional successful invasive forest insects and the ecological introductions of biological control agents. Invading processes involved in insect invasions across the insects exhibit a variety of life histories and include universal invasion phases (transport and arrival, herbivores, detritivores, predators and parasitoids. establishment, spread and impacts). Most forest insect Herbivores are considered the most damaging and invasions are accidental consequences of international include wood-borers, sap-feeders, foliage-feeders and seed eaters. Most non-native herbivorous forest insects apparently cause little noticeable damage but some species have profoundly altered the composition and ecological functioning of forests. In some cases, Guest Editors: Andrew Liebhold, Eckehard Brockerhoff and non-native herbivorous insects have virtually elimi- Martin Nun˜ez / Special issue on Biological Invasions in Forests nated their hosts, resulting in major changes in forest prepared by a task force of the International Union of Forest composition and ecosystem processes. Invasive preda- Research Organizations (IUFRO). tors (e.g., wasps and ants) can have major effects on forest communities. Some parasitoids have caused the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10530-017-1514-1) contains supple- decline of native hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Management Plan Yakama Reservation
    Forest Management Plan Yakama Reservation United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs Yakama Agency Branch of Forestry and the Yakama Nation Toppenish, Washington September 2005 Forest Management Plan Signature Page i Forest Management Plan Tribal Council Resolution T-021-04 September 2005 ii Forest Management Plan Tribal Council Resolution T-159-05 September 2005 iii Forest Management Plan General Council Resolution GC-02-06 September 2005 iv Forest Management Plan Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This Forest Management Plan (FMP) is the result of the cooperative efforts of many people over an extended period of time, incorporating the outstanding talents and knowledge of personnel from the Yakama Nation and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, including the Yakama Nation Department of Natural Resources, Yakama Nation Land Enterprise, Yakama Forest Products, Yakama Agency Branch of Forestry, and Yakama Agency Natural Resources Program. In addition, Yakama tribal members provided information and direction that was critical to the preparation of this Forest Management Plan. Achievement of their goals, desires, and visions for the future of the Yakama Forest was the basis for the development of the management directions in this document. The leadership and advice of the Yakama Tribal Council, General Council Officers, the Yakama Agency Forest Manager, and the Yakama Agency Superintendent were significant to the development of the FMP. Particularly noteworthy was the assistance and encouragement provided by the Chairman and members of the Tribal Council Timber, Grazing, Overall Economic Development Committee. September 2005 v Forest Management Plan Preface Preface This Forest Management Plan (FMP) for the Yakama Reservation was developed in coordination with the Yakama Nation to direct the management of the Yakama Nation’s forest and woodlands.
    [Show full text]