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Railway Tunnels Tunnels Ferroviaires United Kingdom

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Railway Tunnels Tunnels Ferroviaires United Kingdom United Kingdom Railway Tunnels Royaume-Uni Tunnels ferroviaires Name of Project/Nom du projet Channel Tunnel Location/Région England/France The greatest tunnelling project of the last Tunnel Use/Destination du tunnel quarter century High Speed Rail Link Le plus grand projet de tunnel du dernier quart Client/Maître d’ouvrage du 20è siècle Eurotunnel Consulting Engineer/Planification et direction des travaux UK side: Atkins with Halcrow French side: Setec with Tractabel Contractor/Exécution Transmanche Link JV – UK side: Balfour Beatty; Costain, Tarmac; Taylor Woodrow; Wimpey – Designer – Mott MacDonald French side: Bouygues; Dumez; SAE; SGE; Spie Batignolles Longueur totale: 3 x 50 km Diamètre: 2 x 7,6 m; 1 x 4,8 m Total Length: 3 x 50 km Coût du gros œuvre: 10 milliards £ dont 2,1 milliards H.T. Diameter: 2 x 7.6 m; 1 x 4.8 m id pour les travaux de génie civil des Rough Costs: £ 10 BN, in which the cost for the 3 tunnels 3 tunnels civil engineering was £ 2.1 BN Durée des travaux: 1987–1991 uniquement pour le (outside taxes, 1985 value) creusement du tunnel Construction Time: 1987 to 1991 tunnel construction only Date de mise en service: 6 mai 1994 Opened: 6 May 1994 La réalisation du tunnel l’avant des trains, et tous les tives spéciales pouvant être The realisation of the Chan- service tunnel from each sous la Manche assurant la 375 m au tunnel de service alimentées en 110 V/220 V nel Tunnel joining England and coast. Emergency ventilation liaison entra l’Angleterre et pour assurer la maintenance et par un troisième rail de France, which was inaugurat- can also be provided directly la France et inauguré en mai et l’accès en cas d’urgence prise de courant ont été ed by Her Majesty the Queen into the running tunnels from 1994 par Sa Majesté la Reine ainsi que pour permettre construites ainsi que le ma- of England and President Mit- shafts at each coast. d’Angleterre et Monsieur le une ventilation avec l’air en tériel roulant pour le trans- terand of France in May 1994, Near each portal, and at Président François Mitte- provenance de chaque por- port des passagers et véhi- was the culmination of nearly third points beneath the Chan- rand a été le point culminant tail. Une ventilation d’urgen- cules dans des wagons fer- 200 years of determination nel the tracks are brought to- de près de 200 ans de projets ce peut également être assu- més à deux ponts ou dans and imagination by engineers gether to allow trains to cross et de concepts élaborés par rée dans les tunnels de roula- on both sides of the Channel. during single line working des ingénieurs des deux ge à partir de puits situés sur Campaigns in 1881 and 1974 when maintenance is carried côtés de la Manche. Des chaque côte. foundered for political and fi- out. campagnes entreprises en A côté de chaque portail nancial reasons but in early The three years between 1881 et en 1974 ont échoué et en des points auxiliaires à 1986 a Joint Venture of ten con- the final tunnel breakthrough pour des raisons politiques proximité des côtes, les voies tractors, five British and five and inauguration were occu- et financières, mais au prin- se rejoignent pour permettre French, won the concession in pied with installation of track- temps 1986, une association le passage de trains sur une build and operate the fixed work and signalling, together de cinq contractants anglais voie unique lors des travaux link. with complex electrical and et cinq contractants français de maintenance. The Channel Tunnel con- mechanical services. Vast ter- s’est vu adjuger le marché et Les trois ans écoulés entre sists of three 50 km long bores, minals containing platforms a commencé avec les tra- la percée finale du tunnel et two running tunnels of 7.3 m for the passenger and freight vaux. l’inauguration ont été néces- internal diameter carrying vehicles, maintenance and Le tunnel sous la Manche saires pour la pose des voies trains in each direction and an emergency facilities, customs, est composé de 3 tubes de et de la signalisation ainsi intermediate service tunnel of immigration, and duty free 50 km dont deux tunnels fer- que des complexes installa- 4.8 m internal diameter. The shopping were completed. roviaires de 7,3 m de dia- tions de service électriques running tunnels are connected Special locomotives capable of mètre interne assurant la et mécaniques. De spacieux every 250 m by 2 m diameter operating with dual voltage liaison dans les deux sens et terminaux abritant les piston relief ducts to reduce overhead and third rail power un tunnel de service médian plates-formes d’accès des the air resistance ahead of the collection were manufactured d’un diamètre interne de automobiles et des véhicules trains, and the running and together with rolling stock able 4,8 m. Les tunnels de roulage de transport, des dispositifs service tunnels are connected to carry cars and passengers in sont reliés tous les 250 m par d’urgence, les services, les des wagons découverts à un every 375 m to provide main- two decked closed wagons or des conduits de délestage de bureaux d’immigration et les pont avec des wagons spé- tenance and emergency ac- lorries in single deck open 2 m de diamètre destinés à magasins hors douanes ont ciaux séparés pour les cess and allow normal ventila- wagons, with the drivers in réduire la résistance de l’air à été aménagés. Des locomo- conducteurs. tion by air supplied through the separate service wagons. 152 Tunnels – Les techniques de construction du 3ème millénaire Tunnelling Technologies for the 3rd Millennium 153.
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