Texas Annexation

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Texas Annexation Texas Annexation David Carlson, Troy University A “Reacting to the Past” Microgame 2016 2 CONTENTS Game Rules .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Game Summary.................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Game Schedule ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Roles ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Winning the Game .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Strategy ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Assignments .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Voting ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Rubric ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Game schedule (for instructors eyes only) .............................................................................................................. 8 Pregame ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Gameplay ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Postmortem .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 What Really Happened? ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Roles ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 William S. Archer (W-VA) .............................................................................................................................................. 17 Thomas Hart Benton (D-MO) ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Document: Benton Resolution, May 13, 1844 .................................................................................................. 20 John MacPherson Berrien (W-GA) ............................................................................................................................. 21 James Buchanan (D-PA) ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Spencer Jarnagin (W-TN) .............................................................................................................................................. 25 George McDuffie (D-SC) ................................................................................................................................................. 26 Ambrose H. Sevier (D-AR) ............................................................................................................................................. 28 Levi Woodbury (D-NH) .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Documents ......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Doc. 1. Treaty Packet ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 President John Tyler to the United States Senate ........................................................................................... 31 A Treaty of Annexation, concluded between the United States of America and the Republic of Texas. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 Duff Green Letter.......................................................................................................................................................... 41 Speech of Lord Brougham in the House of Lords, August 18, 1843, as reported in the London Morning Chronicle ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 Jackson Letter, March 11, 1844 .............................................................................................................................. 45 Doc. 2. Evidence of British Intent .............................................................................................................................. 46 Excerpt from diplomatic communique from Edward Everett, United States minister to England, November 3, 1843 ....................................................................................................................................................... 46 Texas Annexation: A Short Reacting to the Past Game 3 Aberdeen Letter ............................................................................................................................................................ 48 Doc. 3. Calhoun to Van Zandt and Henderson ....................................................................................................... 50 Doc. 4. Map of Texas, 1842 ............................................................................................................................................ 52 Texas Annexation: A Short Reacting to the Past Game 4 Game Rules Game Summary Texas Annexation is a short Reacting to the Past game designed as a final exam for an upper division course in the history of the Jacksonian era. In this game, students are divided into two factions debating the ratification of a treaty of annexation between the United States and the Republic of Texas drafted by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun and submitted to the United States Senate in April 1841. The debate takes into consideration questions of Manifest Destiny, imperialism, party politics, slavery, and sectionalism. Students may choose to ratify the treaty as written or endorse alternative proposals submitted during the course of debate. Game Schedule This game is designed for a single two hour class but may be divided into two one hour class periods if needed. Roles This game consists of eight roles, as follows: Anti-annexation Faction Sen. William S. Archer (W-VA) Sen. Thomas Hart Benton (D-MO) Sen. John MacPherson Berrien (W-GA) Sen. Spencer Jarnagin (W-TN) Pro-Annexation Faction Sen. James Buchanan (D-PA) Sen. George McDuffie (D-SC) Sen. Ambrose H. Sevier (D-AR) Sen. Levi Woodbury (D-NH) Characters have certain predefine concerns about the Texas issue, but if those concerns can be met by well-reasoned arguments, characters may vote against their own faction’s interests. If the GM Texas Annexation: A Short Reacting to the Past Game 5 considers a vote change to be too far removed from a character’s core beliefs, the GM may challenge the player to defend his vote. The Game Master (GM) will assume the role of president of the Senate. In such capacity he will maintain order in the Senate, ensure proper decorum, and recognize senators to present their speeches. Winning the Game To win the game each faction must accomplish their factional goals. The anti-annexation faction must either prevent ratification of the treaty or gain passage of the Benton resolution. The pro- annexation faction must gain ratification of the treaty. Strategy Neither faction has sufficient members to guarantee their factional goals. It is thus incumbent upon them to lobby members of the opposing faction to secure the necessary votes for success. Because both factions begin with an equal number of players, it is much easier for the supporters of the Benton resolution to gain a majority vote than it is for supporters of the treaty to gain a two thirds majority. This allows the game to approximate the historical realities which led to the treaty’s defeat. Assignments All players are required to give a five minute speech in support of their faction’s positions. Speeches will also be submitted in writing using appropriate styles and formatting. Voting Each player has one vote. No votes may be cast in absentia. Students absent for the vote will not have their votes counted. Ratification of the treaty requires a two thirds majority. Passage of the
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