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Onosma Hawramanensis (Boraginaceae), a New Species from Kurdistan, Iraq

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Onosma Hawramanensis (Boraginaceae), a New Species from Kurdistan, Iraq ONOSMA hawramanensis (BORAGINACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM Kurdistan, IRAQ SAMAN A. AHMAD1 Abstract. Onosma hawramanensis from Kurdistan, Iraq, is described and illustrated. Its relationship and distinguishing characters from nearest relatives in southwestern Asia are discussed. It is easily distinguished by the combination of setae with basal tubercles sparsely pubescent with small simple trichomes, and the non-accrescent fruiting calyx; the yellow corolla, pubescent outside and glabrous inside, the sparsely pubescent nectar annulus at the base of the corolla tube; the linear anthers, free at the base and bidentate at the apex; and glabrous, glossy, broadly ovoid fruits with the surface slightly reticulate. Keywords: Boraginaceae, Iraq, Kurdistan, Onosma The author conducted extensive floristic fieldwork in fruit, not accrescent, united at base, densely white pubescent Hawraman Mountains (Kurdistan, Iraq) as part of his Ph.D. with trichomes to 2 mm; corolla yellow, tubular, 13–15 mm, research during the years 2011–2013. This mountain series slightly expanded at apex, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; is part of the Zagros Range, located along the Iraqi-Iranian teeth broadly triangular, ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm; nectar annulus borders some 50 km E of Sulaimani City. Several novelties, poorly developed, sparsely pubescent; filaments ca. 4 mm, such as Ferula shehbaziana S.A.Ahmad (Ahmad, 2013), inserted at middle of corolla tube, not expanded at base; Petrorhagia sarbaghiae S.A.Ahmad (Ahmad, 2014a), anthers free, linear, 6–7 mm, sagittate at base, sterile apex Scrophularia sulaimanica S.A.Ahmad (Ahmad, 2014b), bidentate, to 1.5 mm. Fruits 5–5.5 × 3.5–4 mm, broadly and the novelty described below, as well as 18 species new ovoid, glossy, slightly reticulate, straight, glabrous, carinate to the flora of Iraq (Ahmad, 2014c), were discovered while adaxially, slightly so abaxially, apex straight, flattened. conducting this fieldwork. Onosma L. is a large and complex genus represented in Turkey by 88 species (Riedl, 1978) and Southwest Asia, Onosma hawramanensis S.A.Ahmad, sp. nov. TYPE: IRAQ. especially the Flora Iranica area by 58 species (Riedl, 1967). Kurdistan, Sulaimani Province, Rangin Mt., subalpine rocky The genus is represented in Kurdistan Iraq by 32 species, grassland, 2004 m, 35˚21'20"N, 46˚05'10"E, 8 June 2012, including the novelty described above. Saman A. Ahmad 12-997 (Holotype: SUFA; Isotype: SUFA). Onosma hawramanensis is known only from the type Fig. 1. gathering collected in the Rangin Mountain, a range that Herbs perennial, canescent, woody at base. Stems 20–30 has never been explored botanically before. It is easily cm, several branched at base, few branched distally, hispid, distinguished form related species in Iraq and neighboring with spreading white trichomes 1–2 mm, dark brown after countries by a the perennial habit, the broadly elliptic cauline bark peeling off. Basal leaves and lowermost cauline ones leaves, leaves with setae, the setae with basal tubercles soon withered; middle leaves broadly elliptic, 3–4 × 1.5–2 sparsely pubescent with small simple trichomes, the basally cm, sessile, base cuneate, margin entire, apex subacute, united calyx not accrescent after flowering; yellow corolla densely pubescent with ascending trichomes to 2 mm and with pubescent outside and glabrous inside, broadly triangular sparsely pubescent tuberculate base with simple trichomes; corolla lobes, and sparsely pubescent nectar annulus at base uppermost leaves elliptic-oblanceolate, smaller. Inflorescence of corolla tube; filaments inserted at middle of corolla tube, dense, scorpioid, 5–10-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 10–20 × linear anthers free at base and bidentate at apex; and broadly 2–5 mm; flowering pedicels 1–2 mm, slightly elongated and ovoid, glabrous and glossy fruits 5–5.5 × 3.5–4 mm, with an 3–4 mm in fruit. Calyx ca. 10 mm in flower, 12–15 mm in slightly reticulate surface. LITERATURE CITED AHMAD, S. A. 2013. Ferula shehbaziana (Apiaceae), a new species RIEDL, H. 1967. Onosma. Pages 169–212 in K. H. RECHINGER, ED. from Kurdistan, Iraq. Harvad Pap. Bot. 18: 99–100. Flora Iranica. Vol. 48. Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, –––––––. 2014. Petrorhagia sarbaghiae (Caryophyllaceae), a new Graz. species from Kurdistan, Iraq. Willdenowia 44: 35–38. –––––––. 1978. Onosma. Pages 326–376 in P. H. DAVIS, ED. Flora –––––––. 2014b. Scrophularia sulaimanica (Scrophulariaceae), a of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 6. University Press, new species from Kurdistan, Iraq. Kew Bull. (In press). Edinburgh. –––––––. 2014c. Eighteen species new to the flora of Iraq. Feddes Repert. (In press). I am grateful to Dr. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (MO) for his continuous help and advice throughout my graduate studies, as well as to Dr. Gustavo A. Romero for his editorial advice. 1 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq; [email protected] Harvard Papers in Botany, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2014, pp. 201–202. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2014. ISSN: 1938-2944, DOI: 10.3100/hpib.v19iss2.2014.n6, Published online: 31 December 2014 202 Harvard PAPERS IN Botany VOL. 19, NO. 2 FIGURE 1. Onosma hawramanensis. A, plant; B, part of inflorescence..
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