Sexism in Silicon Valley China’s educational apartheid What to do with nuclear waste Mysteries of the mesopelagic APRIL 15TH–21ST 2017 Turkey’s slide into dictatorship Contents The Economist April 15th 2017 3 6 The world this week Asia 32 India’s Aadhaar Leaders Digital dawn 9 A referendum in Turkey 33 Australia’s plague of The slide into dictatorship methamphetamines Ice storm 10 Syria What next? 33 A prison for foreigners in South Korea 10 Rural education in China Why the jailbirds sing Separate and unequal 34 Executions in Vietnam 11 Startups Deathly silence American foreign policy Silicon pally 35 Bullying in Japan Donald Trump’s missile strike 12 Identity and privacy All against one on Syria was justified. But his Per Aadhaar ad astra? 36 Banyan strategy is confused and On the cover Japan’s ultranationalists confusing: leader, page10. Recep Tayyip Erdogan is Letters America’s global role looks carrying out the harshest more normal than Mr Trump 16 On Yemen, sex studies, crackdown in decades. The China promised, but still odd, page India, Wales, Singapore, West must not abandon 21. What the feud between the Poland, brains, April’s 37 Rural boarding schools Turkey: leader, page 9. Voters president’s son-in-law and his Fool Opportunity denied are split over giving new chief ideologue reveals: 38 Education in Hong Kong powers to Mr Erdogan. Be Lexington, page 28 A test for Carrie Lam warned: he would use them Briefing without restraint, pages 17 Turkey’s referendum 17-20 On the razor’s edge Middle East and Africa 19 Remembering the coup 39 Shia militias Who runs Iraq? The Economist Brave “New Turkey” online 40 Persecuting Christians Daily analysis and opinion to Palm Sunday’s agony United States supplement the print edition, plus 40 Cannabis laws audio and video, and a daily chart 21 Trump’s foreign policy Puff, puff, prison Economist.com On a whim and a prayer 41 Iran E-mail: newsletters and 22 Modern warfare Taking aim at the president mobile edition Useful idiots, updated Economist.com/email 41 South Africa 22 Trust forests Highway, interrupted China’s boarding schools Print edition: available online by At loggerheads Many rural students now 42 Universities in Africa 7pm London time each Thursday attend boarding schools. They 24 St Louis More can be less Economist.com/print Millennials to the rescue are often worse off for it, page Audio edition: available online 26 Closing Rikers jail 37. Why bullying in Japanese to download each Friday Siren island Europe schools is especially brutal, Economist.com/audioedition page 35 27 Scandal in Alabama 43 France’s election And other parts A presidency up for grabs 28 Lexington 44 Russian meddling Trump v Trumpism Shadow puppets 45 Elections and GDP It’s not the economy Volume 423 Number 9036 The Americas 45 Russia and Sweden Published since September1843 29 Honduras The putative Mr Putilov to take part in "a severe contest between A double helping of intelligence, which presses forward, and Hernández? 46 Migrants in the an unworthy, timid ignorance obstructing Mediterranean our progress." 30 Canada Merciless sea Editorial offices in London and also: Freeing internal trade Atlanta, Beijing, Berlin, Brussels, Cairo, Chicago, 47 Charlemagne Lima, Mexico City, Moscow, Mumbai, Nairobi, 31 Chile President Le Pen New Delhi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Transport troubles India’s identity scheme São Paulo, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Tokyo, It is a marvel. But it should be Washington DC 31 Brazilian letters Bard of Belíndia voluntary: leader, page 12. How the system is helping to recast the relationship between the Indian state and its citizens, page 32 1 Contents continues overleaf 4 Contents The Economist April 15th 2017 Britain Science and technology 48 Immigration 66 Marine biology A portrait of Migrantland Mapping the mesopelagic 50 Bagehot 67 Icebreakers In search of a foreign Making waves policy 68 High-security locks Forging the unforgeable International 68 Gut microbes 51 Nuclear waste Bad medicine To the next ice age and 69 The science of shoelaces Sexism in Silicon Valley beyond A knotty problem The mesopelagic One of the Venture capitalists play an least-understood parts of the outsize role in technology’s sea is also one of the most sexism problem: leader, page Business Books and arts important. It damps down 11. Allegations that Google 53 Cars and mergers 70 Refugees global warming and may soon underpays women inflame a Wheels in motion Forgotten millions help feed humanity, page 66. controversial debate, page 54 54 Women in Silicon Valley 71 Thomas and Jane Carlyle The quickest way to break the Bits and bias A very Victorian marriage ice is by submarine, page 67 56 HNA Group 71 Paula Cocozza’s fiction A Buddhist tycoon The animal within Subscription service 56 Algorithmic retailing 72 Damien Hirst For our latest subscription offers, visit Automatic for the people From the heart of the sea Economist.com/offers For subscription service, please contact by 57 United Airlines 73 Johnson telephone, fax, web or mail at the details Air rage Gender bender provided below: North America 58 Cloud computing The Economist Subscription Center Telecomulonimbus P.O. 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Printed by Quad/Graphics, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 6 The world this week The Economist April 15th 2017 margin in a poll that he about foreign spies. The Politics claimed was rigged. capital’s residents were urged to call a hotline should they Sabres are rattling have any leads. China and South Korea agreed that sanctions on North Korea The Communist Party chiefof should be stiffened ifit con- China’s southern province of ducted another nuclear test. Guangdong, Hu Chunhua, America dispatched what paid his first visit to the village Donald Trump described as an ofWukan, which in recent “armada” to nearby waters. years has grabbed nationwide North Korea said it was ready attention with its demonstra- to engage in “any mode ofwar tions by villagers in support of desired” by the United States. grassroots democracy. In 2016 In a presumed jihadist attack, a the authorities began cracking man stole a lorry in Stock- A military court in Pakistan down on the unrest. Mr Hu’s holm and drove it into the America’s secretary ofstate, sentenced an alleged Indian trip was a sign that the party front ofa department store, Rex Tillerson, went to Moscow spy to death. It claimed that now feels backin control. killing fourpeople. Police where he urged the Russians to Kulbhushan Jadhav, an Indian arrested an immigrant from drop their support forthe naval officer, had been foment- The nuclear option Uzbekistan who admitted to Assad regime in Syria. The ing terrorism in the state of Neil Gorsuch was sworn in as committing a terrorist act at a talks came after America fired Balochistan. a justice on the Supreme court appearance. a barrage ofcruise missiles at Court. The Senate confirmed the Syrian air-force base that Police and soldiers in the cen- his nomination after the Re- Keeping your opponents down had launched a chemical tral Philippines clashed with publican leadership changed The government ofVenezuela attackthat killed at least 85 suspected members ofAbu the rules.