DOCSLIB.ORG

Dressmaking As a Trade for Women in Massachusetts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dressmaking As a Trade for Women in Massachusetts U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ) J WHOLE 1 Q 1 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS) * * * \NUMBER lZJj WOMEN IN INDUSTRY SERIES: NO. 9 DRESSMAKING AS A TRADE FOR WOMEN IN MASSACHUSETTS MAY ALLINSON, Ph. D. SEPTEMBER, 1916 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 20 CENTS P E R C O PY Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS. Page. Introduction........................................................................................................ 5 .9 Chapter I.—Evolution of the trade in the United States................................... 1 1 -2 1 Chapter II.—The dressmaking trade of to-day..................................., ............. 23-52 1. The family dressmaker..................................................... 29 2. The journeyman dressmaker.............................................. 29,30 3. The private dressmaker..................................................... 31-33 4. The dressmaker of the transition stage............................. 33-37 5. Thedressmakerof the shopof specialized workers............37-42 6 . The commercial dressmaker............................................. 42-49 7. The manufacturing dressmaker......................................... 49-52 Chapter III.—Industrial conditions in the trade...............................................53-81 Business administration........................................................53,54 The problem of capital......................................................... 54-61 The problem of competition................................................. 61-64 The labor force................................................. ................... 64-81 Chapter IV .—Irregularity of employment........................................................ 83-111 The seasons............................................................................ 83-93 The workers' season............................................................. 93-106 Instability of the labor force.............................................. 106-111 Chapter V.—Overtime in the dressmaking trade............................................ 113-126 Chapter V I.—Wages and earnings in Boston.................................................. 127-146 Chapter VII.—Teaching the trade..................................................................147-159 Chapter VIII.—Summary and outlook...................................... ................... 161-165 Bibliography.................................................................................................... 167-175 3 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Tliis study was begun in the fall of 1909 by the author as a fellow in the Department of Research of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union of Boston in cooperation with the Boston Trade School for Girls and was completed by her while assistant and associate director of the department. It has been accepted as a thesis by the faculty of political science of Columbia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy. The work was done under the general direction of Dr. Susan M. Kingsbury, director of the Department of Research. 4 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. w hole no. las. WASHINGTON. September, i9ie. DRESSMAKING AS A TRADE FOR WOMEN IN MASSACHUSETTS. BY MAT ALLINSON, PH. D. INTRODUCTION. The occupation of dressmaker ranked third in the United States in 1900 in the number of women employed, 338,144 women 16 years of age and over being engaged in it.* Only two occupations—that of servant and waitress and that of agricultural laborer—surpassed it in the number of women employed, but in none did women form a larger proportion of the total employees. Because of the numbers the trade employs, because it is woman’s traditional occupation, and because it provides opportunities for development, training for the dressmaking trade has held a large and a logical place in the curriculum of voca­ tional schools for girls. The growth of the movement for industrial education and for vocational guidance has called for a thorough knowledge of the various industries. Especially is this important in the case of those trades which hare been recognized as in some degree desirable, and for which the trade schools have attempted to prepare young workers. Almost two-thirds (62 per cent) of the girls who went out from the three Massachusetts trade schools in 1914 had been trained for the dressmaking trade. Dressmaking is a difficult trade subject for the casual and superfi­ cial observer to grasp, because of the variety of types of shops and methods of production which it presents. Dressmakers who go out by the day, small shops, large shops, factories of various types, give the superficial impression that every shop is different. Primitive and highly developed systems exist side by side, yet careful study shows that all may be classified within some six groups, each having a char­ acteristic method of production. The student of census figures may be convinced that custom dressmaking is a declining trade and ques­ tion if educators are justified in training young workers for this occu­ pation. But in the development and growth of the large shop and the opportunity open to the day worker in the home, the investigator i Special Reports of the Census Office, 1900. Statistics of Women at Work, p . 70. A total of 344,794 women was reported for 1900 and 343,101 for 1910. See Thirteenth Census of United States, 1910. Occupa­ tion Statistics, p. 56. 5 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. discovers tendencies not shown by the census, since it has abandoned statistics of the hand trades. The seasonal fluctuations of dressmaking and the consequent irreg­ ularity of employment have been causes for worry and doubt to those intrusted with the direction of the young prospective worker. If, however, we study the returns of the United States census, we are able to find practically no industries which do not have slack seasons and times of pressure. Again, some of those trades which offer the greatest prospects are the most seasonal trades. Custom dressmaking and millinery, the most seasonal of all trades, show opportunities for self-development and financial advancement discovered in few other industries open to the woman of limited education. The question is not, then, “ Should girls avoid or should they go into these trades?” but rather, “ How can those features which complicate and hinder opportunity for advancement be met or eliminated?” “ It is impracticable to stop the fluctuations in demand,” wrote the Webbs in 1911. “ But here, also, it is not necessary that the fluctuations should be permitted to work havoc with the workers’ lives. * * * Though there is a slack season in nearly all trades, this occurs at different parts of the year. * * * The seasona alternations of overpressure and slackness to which so many workers are subjected, with such evil results, are due only to failures of adjust­ ment. Now, it is not suggested that there is any way by whioh the local and temporary supply of each particular kind of labor can be precisely adjusted to the local and temporary demand for it. But it is clear that if only we put a little more deliberate organization into the matter a great deal could be done to avert the worst of the calamities.” 1 Comparison with other industries shows that, whatever may be its disadvantages, and though undergoing a marked decline, dress­ making still remains one of the desirable occupations for women in the industrial world. A conference interested in the promotion of industrial education has defined a skilled occupation as one which meets three conditions: (1) Provision of a living wage for the worker; (2) a content which offers the possibility of differences in the quality of work turned out; (3) provision for promotion, through a series of progressive steps in the industry leading to something better.2 Dressmaking meets these tests fairly well. While no woman-employing indus­ try has been discovered in which the majority of workers earn a living wage, dressmaking ranks among the best in this respect. Since the fundamental and underlying principle of women’s dress is variety, the dressmaking trade is one of the least standardized in * The Prevention of Destitution, by Sidney and Beatrice Webb. London, 1911, p. 126. The Survey, V ol. X X X I , N o. 17 (1914), p. 496. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis DRESSMAKING AS A TRADE FOB WOMEN IN MASSACHUSETTS. 7 process and product. Opportunity for promotion is unique in a cus­ tom trade where originality of thought and of design and artistic sense determine its very existence. Naturally few possess these qualities, which are not common to the masses, but increased opportunities for training would doubtless enable more to develop latent possibilities and to bridge the gap from the manual skilled processes to those requiring artistic ability. Dressmaking is distinctly a domestic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Femininity and Dress in fic- Tion by German Women Writers, 1840-1910
    ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output Scripts, skirts, and stays: femininity and dress in fic- tion by German women writers, 1840-1910 https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40147/ Version: Full Version Citation: Nevin, Elodie (2015) Scripts, skirts, and stays: femininity and dress in fiction by German women writers, 1840-1910. [Thesis] (Unpub- lished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email Scripts, Skirts, and Stays: Femininity and Dress in Fiction by German Women Writers, 1840-1910 Elodie Nevin Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in German 2015 Department of European Cultures and Languages Birkbeck, University of London Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood the regulations for students of Birkbeck, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: Date: 12/08/2015 2 Abstract This thesis examines the importance of sartorial detail in fiction by German women writers of the nineteenth century. Using a methodology based on Judith Butler’s gender theory, it examines how femininity is perceived and presented and argues that clothes are essential to female characterisation and both the perpetuation and breakdown of gender stereotypes.
    [Show full text]
  • Replica Styles from 1795–1929
    Replica Styles from 1795–1929 AVENDERS L REEN GHistoric Clothing $2.00 AVENDERS L REEN GHistoric Clothing Replica Styles from 1795–1929 Published by Lavender’s Green © 2010 Lavender’s Green January 2010 About Our Historic Clothing To our customers ... Lavender’s Green makes clothing for people who reenact the past. You will meet the public with confidence, knowing that you present an ac- curate picture of your historic era. If you volunteer at historic sites or participate in festivals, home tours, or other historic-based activities, you’ll find that the right clothing—comfortable, well made, and accu- rate in details—will add so much to the event. Use this catalog as a guide in planning your period clothing. For most time periods, we show a work dress, or “house dress.” These would have been worn for everyday by servants, shop girls, and farm wives across America. We also show at least one Sunday gown or “best” dress, which a middle-class woman would save for church, weddings, parties, photos, and special events. Throughout the catalog you will see drawings of hats and bonnets. Each one is individually designed and hand-made; please ask for a bid on a hat to wear with your new clothing. Although we do not show children’s clothing on most of these pages, we can design and make authentic clothing for your young people for any of these time periods. Generally, these prices will be 40% less than the similar adult styles. The prices given are for a semi-custom garment with a dressmaker- quality finish.
    [Show full text]
  • Draperies Make Your Own
    RSlTV Of CULTURE DRAPERIES MAKE YOUR OWN . ARE DRAPERIES ON THE AGENDA for your next 15 stitches per inch; for medium-weight fabrics, 10 home furnishings project? By making your to 12 stitches per inch will give good results. For all own, you can save money and enjoy a sense of ac- stitching on draperies use a loose tension to avoid complishment. This booklet will help you sew drap- puckers on seams and hemlines. eries with a custom-made look in any color, texture, and design you choose. Measuring Length and Width The length of your draperies is a matter of per- SEWING PREPARATIONS sonal taste, as there are several generally accepted Select the appropriate thread and sewing machine lengths. In casual decorating, draperies may go needles for the fabric you choose. The thread should down to the sill or to the apron ; more formal drap- be about the same color and weight as the drapery eries go to the floor. Also, draperies may be hung fabric: for cotton or linen draperies, use mercerized from any of a number of places — from the top of thread; for synthetic fabrics, use synthetic thread. the window frame, at ceiling height, or from any If you use mercerized thread, use a number 14 point on the wall between the ceiling and the window needle; for synthetic thread, a number 11 needle is frame ( see Fig. 1 ) recommended. The width of the draperies depends on how much Cut a small swatch of the drapery fabric and test window you want exposed when the draperies are your sewing machine's stitch and tension.
    [Show full text]
  • I Was Tempted by a Pretty Coloured Muslin
    “I was tempted by a pretty y y coloured muslin”: Jane Austen and the Art of Being Fashionable MARY HAFNER-LANEY Mary Hafner-Laney is an historic costumer. Using her thirty-plus years of trial-and-error experience, she has given presentations and workshops on how women of the past dressed to historical societies, literary groups, and costuming and re-enactment organizations. She is retired from the State of Washington . E E plucked that first leaf o ff the fig tree in the Garden of Eden and decided green was her color, women of all times and all places have been interested in fashion and in being fashionable. Jane Austen herself wrote , “I beleive Finery must have it” (23 September 1813) , and in Northanger Abbey we read that Mrs. Allen cannot begin to enjoy the delights of Bath until she “was provided with a dress of the newest fashion” (20). Whether a woman was like Jane and “so tired & ashamed of half my present stock that I even blush at the sight of the wardrobe which contains them ” (25 December 1798) or like the two Miss Beauforts in Sanditon , who required “six new Dresses each for a three days visit” (Minor Works 421), dress was a problem to be solved. There were no big-name designers with models to show o ff their creations. There was no Project Runway . There were no department stores or clothing empori - ums where one could browse for and purchase garments of the latest fashion. How did a woman achieve a stylish appearance? Just as we have Vogue , Elle and In Style magazines to keep us up to date on the most current styles, women of the Regency era had The Ladies Magazine , La Belle Assemblée , Le Beau Monde , The Gallery of Fashion , and a host of other publications (Decker) .
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Membering Norridgewock Stories and Politics of a Place Multiple
    RE-MEMBERING NORRIDGEWOCK STORIES AND POLITICS OF A PLACE MULTIPLE A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ashley Elizabeth Smith December 2017 © 2017 Ashley Elizabeth Smith RE-MEMBERING NORRIDGEWOCK STORIES AND POLITICS OF A PLACE MULTIPLE Ashley Elizabeth Smith, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation is an ethnography of place-making at Norridgewock, the site of a famous Wabanaki village in western Maine that was destroyed by a British militia in 1724. I examine how this site is variously enacted as a place of Wabanaki survivance and erasure and ask, how is it that a particular place with a particular history can be mobilized in different and even contradictory ways? I apply Annemarie Mol’s (2002) analytic concept of the body multiple to place to examine how utilize practices of storytelling, remembering, gathering, producing knowledge, and negotiating relationships to variously enact Norridgewock as a place multiple. I consider the multiple, overlapping, coexistent, and contradictory enactments of place and engagements with knowledge that shape place-worlds in settler colonial nation-states. Rather than taking these different enactments of place to be different perspectives on or versions of place, I examine how these enactments are embedded in and shaped by hierarchies of power and politics that produce enactments of place that are at times parallel and at times contradictory. Place-making is especially political in the context of settler colonialism, where indigenous places, histories, and peoples are erased in order to be replaced (Wolfe 2006; O’Brien 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Iowan (Iowa City, Iowa), 1943-03-14
    Ration Calendar Light Snow OA8 "AU o01lpoa • ulol... ,..,••• 1/ FllEL OIL OOUpGD • oxpl,.. April 1,8, IOWA: Licbt.Dow In north 00,.,.B8 o.u,.n 25 ...plr.. Mar•• 11/ liDd t porUou 8UOAIC .oupon II 'ICpl". ~r.. "b 161 THE DAILY IOWAN HROIIN, •• ",..n 17 upl'lI Iv.. J(' cold., loda,. Iowa City's Morning Newspaper fIVE CENTS IOWA CITY, IOWA SUNDAY, MARCH 14, 1943 VOLUME XLID NUMBER 144 e I e al 5 n, 1 U.S.·TRAINED CHINESE AIRMEN NOW FIGHT SIDE BY SIDE WITH YANKS Visiting Eden Warns Allies of Long Road Ador Very III To Victory as Talks With F.D.R. Begin Unloads 1,000 • War, Global Security Tons of Bombs Germans Gain Will Be Chief Points Of Vital Conferences Upon Railways WASHINGTON (AP) - Warn- On Kharkov ing that "we'vc gol a long way yct to go" on the road to victory, Pummels Supply Route Reds Admit Situation Anthony Eden, British foreign sec­ To Coastline Troops l retary, ha tened to get tOGether AJong Somme, Seine ISerious as Enemy Iwith President Roosevelt last night on the vast problcrru of war Advances New Units I LO 'DO~ (AP)-Thc RAF llnd global. ecurity. • h'oPP d mor thlln 1, ton LONDON, Sunday (AP)-Gcr­ The president invited Eden for J[ bomb on E "pn Frid ,­ man troops gained fresh ground in a dinner and a lalk. the White the flaming right for Kharkov. a Housc announced. Anothcr guest night, and y . t rdllY 11ft rnoo;, midnight Moscow bulletin an­ was John G. Winant, the Ameri­ whil fil't' till w re l'1Il>ing nounced today, and Russian field can ambas.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820
    128 American Antiquarian Society. [April, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS, 1690-1820 PART III ' MARYLAND TO MASSACHUSETTS (BOSTON) COMPILED BY CLARENCE S. BRIGHAM The following bibliography attempts, first, to present a historical sketch of every newspaper printed in the United States from 1690 to 1820; secondly, to locate all files found in the various libraries of the country; and thirdly, to give a complete check list of the issues in the library of the American Antiquarian Society. The historical sketch of each paper gives the title, the date of establishment, the name of the editor or publisher, the fre- quency of issue and the date of discontinuance. It also attempts to give the exact date of issue when a change in title or name of publisher or frequency of publication occurs. In locating the files to be found in various libraries, no at- tempt is made to list every issue. In the case of common news- papers which are to be found in many libraries, only the longer files are noted, with a description of their completeness. Rare newspapers, which are known by only a few scattered issues, are minutely listed. The check list of the issues in the library of the American Antiquarian Society follows the style of the Library of Con- gress "Check List of Eighteenth Century Newspapers," and records all supplements, missing issues and mutilations. The arrangement is alphabetical by states and towns. Towns are placed according to their present State location. For convenience of alphabetization, the initial "The" in the titles of papers is disregarded. Papers are considered to be of folio size, unless otherwise stated.
    [Show full text]
  • New England Better Newspaper Competition Award Winners
    INSIDE: COMPLETE LIST OF WINNERS AND JUDGES COMMENTS Presented on February 8, 2020 Congratulations to the most outstanding newspapers in our six-state region! This year’s special award winners General Excellence Reporters of the Year Cape Cod Times, Hyannis, MA Erin Tiernan, The Patriot Ledger, Quincy, MA The Berkshire Eagle, Pittsfield, MA Rich Salzberger, The Martha’s Vineyard (MA) Times Seven Days, Burlington, VT Mount Desert Islander, Bar Harbor, ME Photojournalists of the Year VT Ski + Ride, Middlebury, VT Peter Pereira, The Standard-Times, New Bedford, MA David Sokol, GateHouse Media New England Rookies of the Year Alex Putterman, Hartford (CT) Courant Christopher Ross, Addison County Independent, VT NEW ENGLAND NEWSPAPER & PRESS ASSOCIATION 2 | P a g e NEW ENGLAND BETTER NEWSPAPER COMPETITION WINNERS, presented February 8, 2020 CONGRATULATIONS NEW ENGLAND BETTER NEWSPAPER COMPETITION AWARD WINNERS This year’s competition drew nearly 3,000 entries that were published during the contest year August 1, 2018 - July 31, 2019. The entries were evaluated by the New England Newspaper & Press Association’s distinguished panel of judges. The results of the competition listed here recognize the excellent revenue and audience building activities that are taking place throughout New England — the finalists and winners are listed, along with the judges’ comments. NENPA is proud to celebrate this truly extraordinary work! Entries were judged in five categories: Daily Newspapers with circulation up to 20,000 Weekly Newspapers with circulation up to 6,000 Daily Newspapers with circulation more than 20,000 Weekly Newspapers with circulation more than 6,000 Specialty and Niche Publications CONTENTS N EWS R EPORTING .................
    [Show full text]
  • Ocm08580879-1895.Pdf
    LMisJaciue i f add. A SOUVENIR OF |fl as sac hit setts S^jjislattfrs l8 95 VOLUME IV. (Issued A nnually) A. M. BRIDGMAN BROCKTON, MASS. Copyrighted 1X95, by A. M. BRIDGMAN. \ GEO. H. ELLIS, PRINTER, 141 FRANKLIN STREET, BOST PHOTOGRAPHS FROM NOTMAN, PARK STREET HALFTONES FROM HUB ENGRAVING CO PREFACE. HP HE "Souvenir" of 1895 is the first to contain recoras of men who sat in the * State House Extension to make and unmake laws tor the state. It was a Legislature remarkable for containing the largest proportion of members from one political party ever known. The House contained 194 Republicans and 46 Democrats, while in the Senate there were only four Democrats to 36 Republicans. There were not enough even of the former to secure a roll call. And yet there was no unusual partisan legislation attempted. The majority always passes more or less legislation against the protest of the minority. The business of the session, although of greater volume than ever, was completed decently and in order and prorogation reached at the unusually early date of 1S95 was also remarkable for June 5, or the earliest since 1SS8. The session of the unusual number of deaths among its members. One Senator and two Representatives elect died without taking the oath of office, while two died after having served several weeks, and one on the very morning of the day the Legislature was prorogued. This "Souvenir" contains the portrait of every "Legislator" of the state, whether in Senate or House or Congress, as well as all members of the Executive Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Designer Sewing/Fashion Design
    Multiple Category Scope and Sequence: Scope and Sequence Report For Course Standards and Objectives, Content, Skills, Vocabulary Monday, August 18, 2014, 10:00PM Course Standards and Unit Content Skills Vocabulary Objectives District Business of UT: CTE: Family and . Fashion changes with time and Identify current apparel/accessories lines in the Fashion Advanced Consumer Sciences, UT: technology. fashion industry. Fashion (Week Grades 9-12, Designer Designer . Current trends in line, design Apparel 1, 2 Weeks) Sewing/Fashion Design Sewing/Fashion and color. Recognize line, design and color in relationship to Standard 20.0301-01 Students . Career and entrepreneurial current apparel/accessories lines. Lifestyle design Design (20.0301) will access current fashions. opportunities in the fashion lines (District) industry Identify career and entrepreneurial opportunities in 2014-2015 Planning and record keeping for . Objective 20.0301- . fashion industry. Draper, MG 0101 Discuss fashion a small businesses. Accessories as related to apparel. National Standard Describe the planning and record keeping processes Fashion line 16.5.1 related to small busineses. Objective 20.0301- Entrepreneurial 0102 Discuss fashion as related to household Free enterprise accessories. National Standard 16.5.6 Business plan Standard 20.0301-02 Students will discuss how to become an entrepreneur. Objective 20.0301- 0201 Discuss how to begin a small business/home-based industry. Objective 20.0301- 0202 Discuss how to keep records for a small business. Basic Equipment UT: CTE: Family and . Basic information on operation . Identify the parts and accessories for Hemmer Consumer Sciences, UT: and care of consumer/commercial sewing machines, (Week 2, 2 Weeks) Grades 9-12, Designer consumer/commercial sewing cutting and pressing equipment.
    [Show full text]
  • Apparel Manufacturing Glossary for Application Protocol Development
    TKH OF STAND & INST. NIST 1 PUBLICATIONS A1110M 5 5b 57 4 Apparel Manufacturing Glossary for Application Protocol Development Michael E. Read U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Sponsored in part by DLA Manufacturing Technology Program QC 100 NIST U56 NO. 5572 1995 NISTIR 5572 Apparel Manufacturing Glossary for Application Protocol Development Michael E. Read U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory Manufacturing Systems Integration Division Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Sponsored in part by DLA Manufacturing Technology Program February 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H. Brown, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arati Prabhakar, Director PREFACE The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is engaged in a project to develop product data standards to support computer integration of the apparel product life cycle. The project is sponsored by the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and has been named the Apparel Product Data Exchange Standard (APDES) project. The APDES project utilizes the techniques being used by and developed for the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP). STEP is an emerging international standard for representing the physical and functional characteristics of a product throughout the product’s life cycle. Formal standards for STEP are being published under the auspices of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the document series 10303-X. Many of the information requirements, as well as the software tools being developed to support STEP, are applicable for any manufacturing industry.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLY-AMERICAN MATERIALS INSTITUTE of SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL in NON-BOOK FOIMATS ,EOUCATION POSITION OR Policyt 1976
    DOCUMENT EESUME ED. 114 115 IE'002 749 AUTHOR Nevin, David G. TITLE: Sights. and Sounds Circa 1776; Early American Materials in Non-Book Formats. INSTITUTION Waihington Univ., Stl, Louis, Mo. 'Univ. Libraries. PUB DATE Oct 75 NOTE. , 21p. EDRS ;TICE' ME-$0.,76 -HC-$1.58 Plug Postage DESCRIPTORS American Histdry; Bibliographies; *Colonial History (United States); *Fiims;.*Music; *Newspapers; PeriodiCali; *RevCitioniry War (United 'States) - IDENTIFIERS *John M Olin Library;'Hashington University .ABSTRACT Early'merican materials in non-book formats available at Washington University's John M.Olin Library are listed. Microform tatprialt-th-did&e: -bodkt# pariOhlett-atff broadsides printed 'C between 1636 through 1800; 700 rare'volumes'from the colonial, revolutionary, an& federal periods from the University of Virginia; American plays from 1714-1830 and all available'peribdicals published-between 1728-1860.- Early American newspaper's' are" listed (1), alphabetically by state and then by city and (2) alphabetically by title. A One page bibliography of:certain official British documents from 1547-1900 is included. Phonorecords cover chamber, vocal, keyboard and folk music of the. _period. There is a three_page listing of appropriate 16mm films for rental with the name.of the-source from which they can be ordered.(NR) 4 0 4 *********************************************************************** * Documents acquired by.ERTC incldde many infnraal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort '* .1, to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered aild this affects the quality * *.of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makei.aVailable * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS it not * responsible for the quality of the original document.
    [Show full text]