The Finnish Landscape and Its Meanings

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Finnish Landscape and Its Meanings The Finnish landscape and its meanings PETRI J. RAIVO Petri J. Raivo (2002). The Finnish landscape and its meanings. Fennia 180: 1–2, pp. 89–98. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010. The landscape has played – and continues to play – an important role in the process of constructing a national identity in Finland. In this process, certain areas and views, whether real or imaginary, are designated as vital symbols of the national culture. The landscape is not merely an image, a map or a view of the existing motherland, however. It is also a part of the nation’s history, which is marked in the landscape in the form of significant buildings and mon- uments to historical events, so that the past may be seen as forming an unbro- ken continuum with the present. Work is constantly going on to maintain and renew the national traditions of landscape description. This means that what- ever its age and nostalgic associations, the landscape is an integral part of our present-day lives. The images, maps, and discourses associated with the land- scape may have altered in the course of time, and even the physical areas or views may have been replaced with new ones, but the ideal of a Finnish land- scape has persisted. The signs and significations attached to it thus remain a powerful part of our national culture. Petri J. Raivo, Academy of Finland (project 4872), Department of Geography, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. E-mail: [email protected] Three faces of the same scene all three. A landscape can thus have many faces, or, in other words, one landscape has numerous Landscape is one of those words whose meaning new landscapes opening up within it. is closely connected with the context in which it is used, whether we refer to the view that opens A scene up from some vantage point, a historical milieu, an image, a geographical region, or an environ- The most characteristic feature attached to a land- ment perceived with the senses. It is commonly scape is its visuality. Usually the first connotation used as a synonym for an environment character- that comes to mind is that of the scene that opens ized by unspoiled nature, a rural area in the tra- up before us when we stand at a certain high ditional sense, surroundings that form significant point somewhere, or at least a pictorial represen- elements in our cultural history, or simply an aes- tation of that scene. The origins of the term land- thetically satisfying view. We can also speak of scape in the history of art go back to Italy during national, traditional, or idealized landscapes, in the Renaissance. There, the word paesaggio be- which case we allude to cultural meanings that gan to take on the meaning of a painting which create notions of national or local identity. The had a distant view projected as its background in word incorporates at least three essential features accordance with the geometrical principles of or connotations, however: It may be understood perspective (Cosgrove 1985: 52). From these be- as referring to (1) a visual scene, (2) a geographi- ginnings, the word landschap came to be used by cal region, or (3) a culturally determined way of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Dutch artists viewing or analysing the environment. These to refer to a rural scene with characteristic human properties are not mutually exclusive; on the con- figures, animals, buildings, and natural environ- trary, the notion of landscape frequently subsumes ments. Eventually, it gained the more general 90Petri J. Raivo FENNIA 180: 1–2 (2002) meaning of “any general view depicted in a paint- troduction of the German concept of landscape ing.” Another reason for the emergence of land- geography (Landschaftskunde). Here, landscape scape as a visual concept lay in the development referred to an internally consistent area which of cartography, for both these forms of descrip- could be delimited on a map and distinguished tion – a perspective drawing or painting and a from the surrounding areas in terms of certain map drawn to scale and intended to represent the characteristics (Holt-Jensen 1988: 37). Such de- physical environment as accurately as possible – scriptions were backed up by a precise, standard- came to be combined in the form of depicting and ized system for classifying the features of land- viewing landscapes known as the panoramic view scapes, based on exactly defined terms for iden- (Jackson 1964: 47–49). tifying the forms coinciding within a given area A landscape is nevertheless much more than (see, e.g., Passarge 1929). simply a view or a picture representing such a The notions of landscape contained in land- view. Looking, drawing, painting, or photograph- scape geography and the associated research ing cannot in itself be sufficient, as there is some- methods influenced many national traditions of thing more to a landscape. Whereas the human geographical study, including that of Finland. The eye can take in just under 180º of a panoramic outstanding figure in Finnish landscape geogra- view at any one time, the physical landscape ex- phy was, without doubt, Johannes Gabriel Granö tends around one for the full 360º. Whereas a (1882–1956). He developed the necessary termi- map, painting, or photograph has the form of a nology and methodology and spoke of a per- two-dimensional surface, a landscape is at least ceived environment as a spatial entity that could a three-dimensional construct (Mills 1997: 6). The be divided into two parts: the proximity, extend- confinement of a landscape to the sense of vision ing away from the observer for some 200 metres alone is thus apt to reduce its dimensions, for in and perceivable with all the senses, and the land- reality we recall the landscape that we see, com- scape, extending as far as the horizon (Granö pare it with others, taste it, smell it, and so on, 1930: 14–22). It was the sense of sight that pri- just as we can imagine a landscape that we have marily defined the form and limits of the land- never physically seen on the basis of what we scape, but Granö was also interested in other as- have read or heard about it (Karjalainen 1987: 9). pects of the perceived environment. The land- Thus, alongside actual visual landscapes, we can scapes of sound, smells, and colours, and the var- also speak of landscapes of sound, of smell, of iations in these with the time of day and season the mind, and of the memories or expectations of the year thus played an important part in his that we associate with them (Porteous 1996). The research alongside the visual landscape. experiences that we have of landscapes form a One essential aspect of Granö’s method of two-way process that engages the full range of the landscape geography was the description of forms senses and involves not only the physically per- that serve as the visual manifestations of land- ceived landscape, but also all the pictures, imag- scapes and regional analyses constructed on the es, texts, and narrations that are connected with basis of these. The landscape entities, which it (Daniels & Cosgrove 1989; Duncan 1990). Granö referred to as “districts,” “provinces,” and “regions,” were based on cartographic analyses A region of established sets of forms and the coincidence of their boundaries. The principal sets of forms Apart from a multidimensional view perceivable recognized in his system were (1) landforms, (2) with a broad range of the senses, a landscape may water forms, (3) vegetation forms, and (4) forms also be understood as denoting an area or region. of artificial matter, each with subdivisions (Granö There are differences between languages in this 1929a, 1930). These constructs enabled the spa- respect, however. The English word landscape and tial form and content of a landscape to be defined the Finnish maisema both refer primarily to the by means of a specific formula. Granö’s main visual environment, but the German Landschaft work of landscape geography was his Reine Geo- and the Swedish landskap have a double mean- graphie, first published in German in 1929 and ing that also incorporates that of a certain region subsequently in Finnish, as Puhdas maantiede, in or province (Granö 1998: 15). the following year. An English translation was Geographers have always studied landscapes published in 1997 under the title Pure Geogra- alongside places and regions, ever since the in- phy. Some of the specialized terminology that he FENNIA 180: 1–2 (2002)The Finnish landscape and its meanings 91 created for this purpose is still in use, and he Constructing an imagined landscape coined many established names for landscape re- gions in Finland, such as the Lake Region. In fact, for Finland the landscape-based system of regions originally Searching the ideal scene proposed for Finland by Granö in the 1925 edi- tion of the Atlas of Finland is still current today The values and significations attached to a land- (Granö 1929b). In the most recent map, adapted scape are cultural conventions regarding what to the revised post-war boundaries, Finland is di- people can or would like to see in it. A landscape vided into five major landscape regions, thirteen is always someone’s landscape, with its own cre- landscape provinces, and fifty landscape districts ators and observers engaged in producing and re- (Fig. 1) (Raivo 1999a: 105). producing the processes by which meaning is as- signed to it. Landscapes have had, and continue A cultural way of seeing to have, an important part to play in the process of building national identities. For instance, cer- No matter whether we consider views or discours- tain landscapes of particular significance for a es, images, or areas of physically homogeneous nation’s history and traditions may be marked out features, one aspect that is common to all these as codes that belong intimately to the culture in landscape types is that they exist only as cultural question (see, e.g., Lowenthal 1994).
Recommended publications
  • Porvoon Ja Lohjan Kaupunkien Esityksen Perustelumuistio
    PERUSTELUMUISTIO Porvoon ja Lohjan kaupunkien toiminnallinen suuntautuminen, vuorovaikutus ja yhteys metropolialueeseen MISTÄ PUHUMME, KUN PUHUMME METROPOLIALUEESTA? Hallitus linjasi elokuussa 2013 rakennepoliittisessa ohjelmassaan metropolihallinnon jatkovalmistelun periaatteista. Keskeisenä linjauksena oli se, että perustetaan metropolihallinto, jonka päättävä elin on vaaleilla valittu valtuusto. Metropolihallinto hoitaisi alueen kilpailukyvyn sekä elinkeino- ja innovaatiopolitiikan, maankäytön, asumisen ja liikenteen toteuttamisen sekä segregaatioon, työvoimaan ja maahanmuuttoon liittyvien seudullisten kysymysten ratkaisemisen.1 Valtiovarainministeriö asetti lokakuussa 2013 työryhmän metropolihallintoa koskevan lainsäädännön valmistelua varten. Tehtävä perustui Kataisen hallituksen kuntauudistuslinjauksiin, jossa korostettiin muun muassa metropolialueen kansallista merkitystä ja tarvetta metropolialuetta koskevalle erilliselle lainsäädännölle.2 Työryhmän työtä edelsi seikkaperäinen esiselvitys. Metropolilakityöryhmän väliraportti julkaistiin huhtikuussa 2014. Työryhmä esitti kahta vaihtoista mallia: pakkokuntayhtymää tai itsehallinnollista järjestelmää. Molemmissa malleissa ytimenä oli vaaleilla valittu valtuusto, metropolikaava sekä valtion kanssa tehtävät metropolisopimus. Hallitus linjasi budjettiriihessään elokuussa 2014 periaatteet, joiden pohjalta metropolilakityöryhmä jatkaisi valmistelua. Linjauksen mukaan metropolihallinto kattaisi 14 kuntaa Helsingin seutukunnan 17 kunnasta, mutta linjaukseen liitettiin varaus, että ”Lohja
    [Show full text]
  • The Finnish Environment Brought to You by CORE Provided by Helsingin Yliopiston445 Digitaalinen Arkisto the Finnish Eurowaternet
    445 View metadata, citation and similar papersThe at core.ac.uk Finnish Environment The Finnish Environment brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston445 digitaalinen arkisto The Finnish Eurowaternet ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROTECTION Jorma Niemi, Pertti Heinonen, Sari Mitikka, Heidi Vuoristo, The Finnish Eurowaternet Olli-Pekka Pietiläinen, Markku Puupponen and Esa Rönkä (Eds.) with information about Finnish water resources and monitoring strategies The Finnish Eurowaternet The European Environment Agency (EEA) has a political mandate from with information about Finnish water resources the EU Council of Ministers to deliver objective, reliable and comparable and monitoring strategies information on the environment at a European level. In 1998 EEA published Guidelines for the implementation of the EUROWATERNET monitoring network for inland waters. In every Member Country a monitoring network should be designed according to these Guidelines and put into operation. Together these national networks will form the EUROWATERNET monitoring network that will provide information on the quantity and quality of European inland waters. In the future they will be developed to meet the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. This publication presents the Finnish EUROWATERNET monitoring network put into operation from the first of January, 2000. It includes a total of 195 river sites, 253 lake sites and 74 hydrological baseline sites. Groundwater monitoring network will be developed later. In addition, information about Finnish water resources and current monitoring strategies is given. The publication is available in the internet: http://www.vyh.fi/eng/orginfo/publica/electro/fe445/fe445.htm ISBN 952-11-0827-4 ISSN 1238-7312 EDITA Ltd. PL 800, 00043 EDITA Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • KÖKULMASTA JA TOIMINTA- MALLI SIIRTOJEN TILAAMI- SEEN Varsinais-Suomen Sairaanhoitopiiri (VSSHP) Loimaan Ja Salon Aluesairaalat, TYKS Vakka- Suomen Sairaala
    Opinnäytetyö (YAMK) Terveysala Kliininen asiantuntija 2010 Seija Lohisto ALUESAIRAALOISTA TAPAH- TUVAT HOITOLAITOSSIIRROT ENSIHOITOVALMIUDEN NÄ- KÖKULMASTA JA TOIMINTA- MALLI SIIRTOJEN TILAAMI- SEEN Varsinais-Suomen sairaanhoitopiiri (VSSHP) Loimaan ja Salon aluesairaalat, TYKS Vakka- Suomen sairaala OPINNÄYTETYÖ (YAMK) | TIIVISTELMÄ TURUN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Sosiaali- ja terveysala | Kliininen asiantuntija Marraskuu 2010 | 58 + 1 Ohjaaja: Yliopettaja TtT Raija Nurminen Seija Lohisto ALUESAIRAALOISTA TAPAHTUVAT HOITOLAI- TOSSIIRROT ENSIHOITOVALMIUDEN NÄKÖKUL- MASTA JA TOIMINTAMALLI SIIRTOJEN TILAAMI- SEEN Varsinais-Suomen sairaanhoitopiiri (VSSHP) Loimaan ja Salon aluesairaalat, TYKS Vakka-Suomen sairaala Tuleva terveydenhuoltolaki tullee siirtämään ensihoidon ja lääkinnällisen pelastustoiminnan järjestämisvastuun kunnilta sairaanhoitopiirille. Järjestämisvastuuta ennakoiden Varsinais- Suomessa on käynnissä ensihoitopalvelun kokonaisuudistuksen suunnittelu -projekti (VEKSU), jonka osaprojekti tämä kehittämishanke on. Hankkeeseen sisältyneen tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää VSSHP:n aluesairaaloista tapahtuvien kiireettömien potilassiirtojen vaikutusta alueelliseen ensihoitovalmiuteen. Hankkee- seen liittyvässä erillisessä opinnäytetyössä selvitettiin, minkälaisia potilaita aluesairaaloiden ensiavuissa pystytään hoitamaan. Hankkeen pitkän ajan muutostavoitteeksi asetettiin alueelli- sen ensihoitovalmiuden vahvistuminen, joka edellyttää alueen ensihoito- ja sairaankuljetus- resurssien mahdollisimman tehokasta hyödyntämistä. Tilastoanalyysissä
    [Show full text]
  • Koli National Park • Location: Joensuu, Kontiolahti, Lieksa • 30 Km2 • Established: 1991
    Koli National Park • Location: Joensuu, Kontiolahti, Lieksa • 30 km2 • Established: 1991 Metsähallitus, Parks and Wildlife Finland • Ukko Visitor Centre, Ylä-Kolintie, Koli, tel. + 358 (0)206 39 5654 [email protected] • nationalparks.fi/koli • facebook.com/ kolinkansallispuisto National Park Please help us to protect nature: • Please respect nature and other hikers! Koli • Leave no traces of your visit behind. Safely combustible wastes can be burnt at campfire sites. into one of Finland’s national Metsähallitus manages Please take any other wastes away landscapes. The best loved cultural landscapes within the when you leave the park. vistas open up vellous view over national park, at the same time Light campfires is allowed in the Lake Pielinen from the top of preserving traditional farming • sites provided in the camping When you take in the mar- Ukko-Koli hill, it’s easy to see methods. Swidden fields are areas marked on the map. Lighting vellous view over Lake why this spot has attracted so cleared and burnt in the park’s campfires is forbidden if the forest many Finnish artists, photog- forests, meadows are mown by Pielinen from the top of fire warning is in effect. Ukko-Koli hill, it’s easy to see raphers and nature-lovers over hand, and cattle graze the park’s • You may freely walk, ski and row, in why this spot has attracted the centuries. The splendid pastures. scenery always instills a sense of the park, except in restricted areas. so many Finnish artists, serenity and wonder in visitors. Hilltops and meadows • Please keep pets on lead.
    [Show full text]
  • Helsinki-Uusimaa Region Competence and Creativity
    HELSINKI-UUSIMAA REGION COMPETENCE AND CREATIVITY. SECURITY AND URBAN RENEWAL. WELCOME TO THE MODERN METROPOLIS BY THE SEA. HELSINKI-UUSIMAA REGIONAL COUNCIL HELSINKI-UUSIMAA REGION AT THE HEART OF NORTHERN EUROPE • CAPITAL REGION of Finland • 26 MUNICIPALITIES, the largest demographic and consumption centre in Finland • EXCELLENT environmental conditions - 300 km of coastline - two national parks • QUALIFIED HUMAN CAPITAL and scientific resources • INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT • four large INTERNATIONAL PORTS • concentration of CENTRAL FUNCTIONS: economy, administration, leisure, culture • privileged GEO-STRATEGIC LOCATION Helsinki-Uusimaa Region AT THE HEART OF POPULATION • 1,6 MILLION inhabitants • 30 % of the population of Finland • POPULATION GROWTH 18,000 inhabitants in 2016 • OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Finnish mother tongue 80.5 %, Swedish mother tongue 8.2 % • other WIDELY SPOKEN LANGUAGES: Russian, Estonian, Somali, English, Arabic, Chinese • share of total FINNISH LABOUR FORCE: 32 % • 110,000 business establishments • share of Finland’s GDP: 38.2 % • DISTRIBUTION OF LABOUR: services 82.5 %, processing 15.9 %, primary production 0.6 % FINLAND • republic with 5,5 MILLION inhabitants • member of the EUROPEAN UNION • 1,8 MILLION SAUNAS, 500 of them traditional smoke saunas • 188 000 LAKES (10 % of the total area) • 180 000 ISLANDS • 475 000 SUMMER HOUSES • 203 000 REINDEER • 39 NATIONAL PARKS HELSINKI-UUSIMAA SECURITY AND URBAN RENEWAL. WELCOME TO THE MODERN METROPOLIS BY THE SEA. ISBN 978-952-448-370-4 (publication) ISBN 978-952-448-369-8 (pdf)
    [Show full text]
  • European Montreal Meeting “Light Monti Nights” at Helsinki‐Porvoo, Finland
    Invitation to participate in the 25th European Montreal Meeting “Light Monti Nights” at Helsinki‐Porvoo, Finland We are pleased to invite Montreal owners and enthusiasts to participate in this year´s European Montreal meeting, which will be held in the Helsinki‐Porvoo region in Southern Finland from Thursday June 30 to Sunday July 3, 2011. The meeting will be based at the Hotel Haikon Kartano / Hotel Haikko Manor (www.haikko.fi), a prestigious and peaceful hotel, spa and conference centre located in the countryside by the Gulf of Finland, 50km east of Helsinki near the idyllic town of Porvoo. In addition, the Haikko Manor provides pampering Spa experiences with the highest levels and the Haikko restaurant is famous for its tasteful sensations. As we are in Finland, the Finnish Sauna, swimming pool and gym are at your disposal every day. On Thursday, the meeting will begin with a short drive near Haikko (for those who have arrived before 15h00). On Friday, we shall visit the town of Lahti, which offers some special Finnish characteristics and features. On the return trip we shall drive via the scenic Pulkkilanharju isthmus – an example of the 60,000 lakes in Finland. On Saturday, we shall make an excursion to Helsinki – the capital of Finland – and to some of its main tourist attractions and important historical places, with English and German speaking guides. You will have free time in the afternoon for your own sightseeing and shopping. On Sunday, we shall show the Montreals to the people of Porvoo, while we familiarize ourselves with this idyllic and historically important small town.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Koulutus Omat Näyttelyt
    CURRICULUM VITAE Pirkko Liisa Siivonen-Takku (Lisäys nimeen elokuu 2012, avioitunut) Syntynyt 1943 Turussa Asuu Loimaalla Osoite: Koskenrannantie149 32280 Metsäkorpi Puhelin 040 8238027 E-mail [email protected] www.pirkkosiivonen.fi KOULUTUS 2006 Kuvataiteilija AMK, Turku 2005 Kirja taideteoksena, kuvataiteilijan erikoistumisopinnot Turun AMK 2004 Maalauksen rajoilla, kuvataiteilijan erikoistumisopinnot Turun AMK 1997 Muotokuvamaalauskurssi 3.3-30.4. V-S kansanopisto, Paimio 1968 Turun Taideyhdistyksen koulu (piirustuskoulu), päästötodistus 1969-1972 Irma Larnön batiikkiateljee, Ruotsi. Oppilas työskentelyä 1964 Valtion Apuhoitajakurssi, Turku 1958 Kansakoulun Päästökirja Metsämaan kunnan Korven koulu OMAT NÄYTTELYT 2016 Matka jatkuu, Loimaan Taidetalo 2015 Tämä päivä ja eilinen, Kuukantalo Loimaa 2015 Muistin kuvia, Aulagalleria Varsinais-Suomen liitto, Turku 2014 "Kukkia isälle" Kuukantalo Loimaa 2013 "Isoisää etsimässä" Galleria Akvart Helsinki 2012 "Maa antaa" Suomen maatalousmuseo Sarka Loimaa 2011 Akvarelleja, Liedon kunnantalo 2010 "Aika kulkee suurilla saappailla" Galleria Akvart, Helsinki 2010 Akvarelleja, Galleria Raya, Turku 2009 "Aika kulkee Suurilla saappailla", Art-Tyynelä, Loimaa 2009 Maaliskuun taiteilija, Turun taidelainaamo, Turku 2007 "Mullasta ja mielestä", Kulttuurikeskus Crusell, Uusikaupunki 2007 Ruoka-aiheisia akvarelleja, Kerttulin vanhainkoti, Turku 2007 Pirkon sekalaiset, Forssan seudun puhelin, Forssa 2007 "Matka", Elias Sali, Loimaa 2006 "Matka" lopputyöhön liittyvä näyttely, Köysirata Galleria Turku
    [Show full text]
  • Information on Your Destination Hapimag Punkaharju
    Information on your destination Hapimag Punkaharju Getting there Ferries We recommend Finnlines, who travel between Travemünde (DE) and Helsinki (FI). As an alternative, there are routes via Sweden from Travemünde (DE) or Rostock (DE) to Trelleborg (SE). Or the route from Puttgarden (DE) to Rødby (DK) as well as from Stockholm (SE) to Helsinki or Turku (FI). Further information: www.finnlines.com, www.vikingline.fi, ​ ​ ​ ​ www.tallinksilja.com, www.stenaline.com, www.ttline.com ​ ​ ​ ​ Car Helsinki (road number 7/6)-Kouvola-Lappeenranta-Imatra-Parikkala-Särkisalmi towards Savonlinna (road number 14) as far as Punkaharju. At the petrol station (Shell) turn right and follow road number 479 towards Kesälahti. After about 8 km, turn left and follow the Hapimag signs. Alternative: Helsinki-Lahti (road number 4/5)-Mikkeli-Juva-Savonlinna (road number 14) towards Lappeenranta as far as Punkaharju. At the petrol station (Shell) turn left and follow road number 479 towards Kesälahti. After about 8 km, turn left and follow the Hapimag signs. ​ Flight From Joensuu airport (approx. 130 km) Follow road 501, continue towards Joensuu (road number 17) and then towards Lappeenranta (road number 6). After Kesälahti, turn right towards Punkaharju and follow road 479. After about 15 km, turn right and follow the Hapimag signs. From Helsinki Airport (approximately 350 km) By hire car or train. From Savonlinna Airport (approximately 45 km) By hire car or taxi. Please inform the resort what time you will be arriving where so a taxi can be booked to collect you. From Tampere Airport (approx. 410 km) Tampere-Lahti-Kouvola-Lappeenranta-Imatra-Parikkala-Särkisalmi towards Savonlinna as far as Punkaharju.
    [Show full text]
  • SCHRIFTENREIHE DER DEUTSCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FÜR GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN GEOTOPE – DIALOG ZWISCHEN STADT UND LAND ISBN 978-3-932537-49-3 Heft 51 S
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien Jahr/Year: 2007 Band/Volume: 60 Autor(en)/Author(s): Nevaleinen Raimo, Nenonen Jari Artikel/Article: World Natural Heritage and Geopark Sites and Possible Candidates in Finland 135-139 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT Abh. Geol. B.-A. ISSN 0378-0864 ISBN 978-3-85316-036-7 Band 60 S. 135–139 Wien, 11.–16. Juni 2007 SCHRIFTENREIHE DER DEUTSCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FÜR GEOWISSENSCHAFTEN GEOTOPE – DIALOG ZWISCHEN STADT UND LAND ISBN 978-3-932537-49-3 Heft 51 S. 135–139 Wien, 11.–16. Juni 2007 11. Internationale Jahrestagung der Fachsektion GeoTop der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften Word Natural Heritage and Geopark Sites and Possible Candidates in Finland RAIMO NEVALAINEN & JARI NENONEN*) 8 Text-Figures Finnland Pleistozän Inlandeis UNESCO-Weltnaturerbe Österreichische Karte 1 : 50.000 Geopark Blätter 40, 41, 58, 59 Geotourismus Contents 1. Zusammenfassung . 135 1. Abstractt . 135 1. Saimaa-Pielinen Lakeland District . 136 2. Rokua – a Geological Puzzle . 136 3. Pyhä-Luosto National Park . 137 4. Kvarken . 138 2. References . 139 Weltnaturerbe und Geoparks und mögliche Kandidaten in Finnland Zusammenfassung Zurzeit gilt Tourismus als weltweit am schnellsten wachsender Wirtschaftszweig. In Finnland sind Geologie und geologische Sehenswürdigkeiten als Touristenziele sowie als Informationsquellen relativ neu und daher selten. Das Geologische Forschungszentrum von Finnland (GTK) arbeitet bereits seit etlichen Jahren daran, der Bevölkerung, der Tourismusbranche und Bildungsanstalten Wissen über das geologische Erbe zur Verfügung zu stellen. Eine wichtige Aufgabe ist ebenfalls gewesen, das geologische Wissen in der Grundschulausbildung zu erhöhen.
    [Show full text]
  • Lappeenranta & Imatra Region – Lake Saimaa 2015
    Lappeenranta & Imatra region – Lake Saimaa 2015 What is goSaimaa? • goSaimaa Ltd = tourism marketing for the region of Lappeenranta and Imatra • Partner for media, tour operators and local tourism companies • www.gosaimaa.com Tourism information: hotels, cottages, spas, restaurants, shopping, sights etc. ALSO IN RUSSIAN • goSaimaa Magazine ALSO IN RUSSIAN (online) Lake Saimaa, Finland Facts & figures Number of inhabitants Top 5 foreign overnights in • Lappeenranta 72.000 South Karelia 2013 (2012) • Imatra 29.000 • TOTAL 756.200 (+ 6,1 %) • South Karelia +/-135.000 • Finland 361.500 (377.855) - 4,0 % Surface area of South Karelia • Russia 352.400 (291.306) • Ground 7.612 m2 +20,9 % • Water 1.640 m2 • Germany 5.400 (4.622) +16,0 % • Lake Saimaa: the largest Lake in • Estonia 4.000 (4.150) Finland and the fourth largest in – 4,0 % Europe • Sweden 3.800 (4.548) – 16,0 % Not all cotttages and small hotels included Lappeenranta region • Lemi • Luumäki • Savitaipale • Taipalsaari • (Joutseno=Saimaa Gardens) • Imatra region • Ruokolahti • Rautjärvi • Parikkala 14-May-16 Where are we? Distances Imatra Helsinki Vyborg Spb Savonlinna Mikkeli Lappeenranta 35 km 220 km 60 km 215 km 150 km 118 km Imatra 255 km 65 km 210 km 118 km 140 km Ryanair: LPP – Milan (Bergamo) (2 x week) LPP – Düsseldorf (Weeze) (2 x week) LPP – Barcelona (Girona) (2 x week) Russia/Allegro: Vainikkala railway station = Lappeenranta (28 km) St. Petersburg – Lappeenranta = 1,5 h only! Lake Saimaa, Finland Lappeenranta Highlights LAPPEENRANTA region • Saimaa Gardens & Holiday Club
    [Show full text]
  • Public the Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Finnish Waters Deliverable No. D WP6 5 01 Date
    Title Efficient, Safe and Sustainable Traffic at Sea Acronym EfficienSea Document Access: Public The Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Finnish Waters Part A: The Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Open Water Part B: The Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Winter Navigation Deliverable No. D_WP6_5_01 Date: 21.10.2011 Contract No. 013 efficiensea.org Part-financed by the European Union Public DOCUMENT STATUS Authors Name Organisation Kati Westerlund Finnish Transport Agency Reviewing/Approval of report Name Organisation Signature Date Tommi Arola FTA Tuomas Martikainen FTA Document History Revision Date Organisatio Initials Revised Short description of n pages changes 1 19.11.2010 FTA First draft of Part A 2 30.11.2010 FTA Part A: Corrections, diagrams, additional text 3 31.03.2011 FTA Appendix 4 Part A: Additional statistics and text 4 06.04.2011 FTA First draft of Part B 5 05.07.2011 FTA Front page Combined two reports 6 21.10.2011 FTA Combined common parts of Part A and Part B. Combined the text ‘Background’ from both reports to the one single. efficiensea.org Part-financed by the European Union Public Abbreviations/Definitions AIS Automatic Identification System COLREG Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea CPA Closest Point of Approach DW Deep Water (Route) DWT Dead Weight Tonnes GOFREP The Mandatory Ship Reporting System in the Gulf of Finland OOW Officer of the Watch SRS Ship Reporting System TSS Traffic Separation Scheme TSZ Traffic Separation Zone VTS Vessel Traffic Service VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT; Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuslaitos until 1st December 2010) efficiensea.org Part-financed by the European Union Public TableofContents Abbreviations/Definitions .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • District 107 A.Pdf
    Club Health Assessment for District 107 A through May 2016 Status Membership Reports LCIF Current YTD YTD YTD YTD Member Avg. length Months Yrs. Since Months Donations Member Members Members Net Net Count 12 of service Since Last President Vice No Since Last for current Club Club Charter Count Added Dropped Growth Growth% Months for dropped Last Officer Rotation President Active Activity Fiscal Number Name Date Ago members MMR *** Report Reported Email ** Report *** Year **** Number of times If below If net loss If no report When Number Notes the If no report on status quo 15 is greater in 3 more than of officers that in 12 within last members than 20% months one year repeat do not have months two years appears appears appears in appears in terms an active appears in in brackets in red in red red red indicated Email red Clubs less than two years old 125168 LIETO/ILMATAR 06/19/2015 Active 19 0 16 -16 -45.71% 0 0 0 0 Clubs more than two years old 119850 ÅBO/SKOLAN 06/27/2013 Active 20 1 2 -1 -4.76% 21 2 0 1 59671 ÅLAND/FREJA 06/03/1997 Active 31 2 4 -2 -6.06% 33 11 1 0 41195 ÅLAND/SÖDRA 04/14/1982 Active 30 2 1 1 3.45% 29 34 0 0 20334 AURA 11/07/1968 Active 38 2 1 1 2.70% 37 24 0 4 $536.59 98864 AURA/SISU 03/22/2007 Active 21 2 1 1 5.00% 22 3 0 0 50840 BRÄNDÖ-KUMLINGE 07/03/1990 Active 14 0 0 0 0.00% 14 0 0 32231 DRAGSFJÄRD 05/05/1976 Active 22 0 4 -4 -15.38% 26 15 0 13 20373 HALIKKO/RIKALA 11/06/1958 Active 31 1 1 0 0.00% 31 3 0 0 20339 KAARINA 02/21/1966 Active 39 1 1 0 0.00% 39 15 0 0 32233 KAARINA/CITY 05/05/1976 Active 25 0 5 -5 -16.67%
    [Show full text]