5872 OONGRES~IONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

ion and state in the pa-ssage of any bill or resolution to close the By Mr. WILLIAM A. STONE: Petition of citizens of illinois, World's Exposition on Sunday-to the Select Committee on the for the passage of House bill401, restricting immigration-to the Columbian Exposition. Select Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. BRANCH: Petition of M. M. Alexander and others, Also, petition of citizens of Pennsylvania, for the pa sage of of Washington County, N. C., asking Congress for an appropri­ House bill 401, re3tricting immigration-to the Select Commit­ ation to make Deep Creek, a tributary to Albemarle Sound, nav­ tee on Immigration and Naturalization. igable-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, petition of citizens of New J ersey, for the pas~ ageof House By Mr. BRYAN: Fourteen petitions of citizens of Nebraska, bill 401, restricting immigration-to the Select Committee on as follows: Of Plainview, Pierce County; of Fullerton, Vance Immigration and Naturalization. County; of Tecumseh, Johnson County; of Stockville, Frontier Also, petition of citizens of Pennsylvania, for the passage of County; of Grant, P erkins County; of Tecumseh,. Johnson an amendment prohibiting an establishment of religion-to the County, and of eight petitions of Lincoln, Lancaster County, all Committee on the Judiciary. asking the enactment of a law forbidding the sale, manufacture, By"Mr. TOWNSEND: R esolution of Sil vcr Club of Pueblo, and importation of cigarettes-to the Committe e on Ways and Colo., in favor of the passage of bill for free and unlimited coinage Means. of silver-to the Committee on Coinage, Weights,andMeasures. Also, petition of members of Young People~s Society of the Also, petition of citizens of Clear Creek Co!lnty, Colo., in favor First United Presbyterian Church of Pawnee City, Nebr., ask­ of the passage of bill for.free and unlimited coinage of silver-to ing for the closing of the World's Fair on Sunday-to the Select the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Committee on the Columbian Exposition. By Mr. WHITE: Pi>pers and documents to accompany Hous~ Also, petition of H. Henningar and others of Syracuse, Otoe bill 5664-to the Committee on Military Affairs. County, Nebr., against any bill or resolution to close the World's Fair on Sundays-to the Select Committee on the Columbia Ex- • position. · Also, p 3tition of 25 citizens of Omaha, Nebr., asking for the SENATE. pasmge of House bill 8369 giving women the right to vote for members of the House of Representatives-to the Select Com­ FRIDAY, July 8, 18.92. mittee on Election of President and Vice-President and Repre­ sentatives in Congress. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. G. BUTLER, D. D. Aim, petition of the National Woman's Christian Temperance The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. Union, asking that no exposition for which appropriations are EX..IWU'l'l VE COMMUNICATIONS. made by Congress shall be opened on Sundays-to the Select The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays bafore the Senate Committee on the Columbian Exposition. a communication from the Attorney-General of the United States, By Mr. BUNN: Papers in the claim of DanielGooch,of Wake transmitting, in pursuance of a resoLution of the Senate and a County, N. C.-to the Committ9e on War Claims. request by the Senator from Idaho [Mr. SHOUP], a list of all the Als ~ , papers in the claim of Kendrick M. C. Beasley, of Johns­ judgments which have not been reversed or set aside rendered ton County, N. C.-to the Committee on War Claims. in the Court of Claims in Indian depredation cases in favor of By Mr. CHIPMAN: Two petitions of citizens of Detroit, Mich., claimants up to July 1, 1892, under the act of March 3, 1891, to one of Walter B. McEnally and others, and the other of A. C. provide for the adjudication and payment of claims arising from Lahan and others, both against Congressional interference with Indian depredations, with the date of each judgment. The com­ opening or closing the World's Fair on Sunday-to the Select munication, with the accompanying papers, will be referred to Committee on the Columbian Exposition. · the Select Committee on Indian Dapredations, and printed. Bv Mr. CLOVER: Protest of John Wood and 22 members of Mr. COCKRELL. The communication ought to go to the the ~S e venth-Day Adventist Church and 87 others, against any Committee on Claims. . action being taken by Congress in reg-ard to the opening or clos­ Mr. CHANDLER.. The subject is before the Select Commit. ing of the World's Fair on Sunday-to the Select Committee on tee on Indian Depredations. the Columbian Exposition. Mr. MITCHELL. I ask that the communication be printed, By Mr. FUNSTON: PetitionoftheNational Woman's Christian The VICE-PRESIDENT. That order has been made. Temperance Union, a-sking that no exposition for which appro­ Mr. MITCHELL. VerJ well. priations are made by Congress shall be opened on Sunday-to the The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica· Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. tion from the Secratary of the Interior~ transmitting a letter Also, petition of the citizens of Spring Hill, Kans., for the en­ from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, with the a.ccompanying actment of a law to prohibit the sale of liquors at the National draft of a bill for the relief of the Eastern band of Cherokee In­ Soldiers' Home at Leavenworth, Kans.-to the Select Commit- dians in North Carolina; which, on motion of Mr. DAWES, wa-s, tee on the Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. · with the accompanyiug papers, referred to the Committee on Also, petition of citizens of Wyandotte, Kans., against closing Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. the World~s Fair on Sunday-to the Select Committee .on the Columbian Exposition. OBITUARY ADDRESS ON THE LATE SENATOR BARBOUR. By Mr . HARMER: Petitionof300citizensofthe United States, Mr. DANIEL. Mr. President, I bag leave to give notice that repnsentino- the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, on Friday, the 22d of July, at 2 o'clock, I shall offer resolutions P a.~ also 650 members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church; in honor of the memory of my late colleague, Hon. JohnS. Bar­ also the Christian Church, of Bucks County, Pa., adverse to an bour, and ask the Senate to take appropriate action thereon. appropriation by Congress to the Columbian Exposition unless it be closed to visitors on Sundays-to the Select Committee on the PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Columbian Exposition. . The VICE-PRESIDENT presented petitions of Division No. B.v Mr. HENDERSON of Iowa: Petition of 33 citizens of 7, Ancient Order of Hicernians, of Broolykn, N. Y.; of Division Steamboat Rock, Iowa, protesting against Congressional action No.1, Ancient Order of Hibernians, of Centralia, Pa.; of the in reference to closing the World's Col urn bian Exposition on Sun­ Montgomery Club, of B :·ooklyn, N.Y.; of the Thurman Club, of day-to the Select Committee on the Columbian Exposition. 'Brooklyn. N.Y.; of the Knights of St. Patrick, of Brooklyn, N. By Mr. HOOKER of New York: Two petitions of citizens of Y., and of Long Island Lodge 0. P. Plasters No.2, of Brooklyn, New York, one by FrankW. Stevens and31 others, and 'the other N.Y., praying that st-eps be taken looking to the release of Dr. by citizens of Jamestown and 20 members of the Seventh-Day Thomas Gallagher, of Brooklyn, N.Y. from imprisonment in Adventist Church, against the passage of any bill or resolution England; which were referred ta the Committee on Foreign Re­ to close the World's Fair on Sunday~t.o the Select Committee lations. on the Columbian Exposition. · Mr. PALMER. I present over GCO memorials, signed by By Mr. LAWSON of Georgia (by request): Petition of citi­ many hundreds of citiz ~ n 3 of the country, r esiding in various zens of Georgia, against the closing of the World's Columbian States, remonstrating against the clo :in 5 of the World's Co· E xposition on Sunday-to the Select Committee on the Colum­ lumbia::.1 Exposit:on 0::1 Sund.:1y. I move that the memorials be bian Exposition. refcrrad t::> the Select Committe ) on the Quadro-Centennial. ' . ; By Mr. OTIS: Petition of the quarterly meeting of the Soci­ The motion was agreed to. ety of Friends, held at Buffalo, Kans., asking for prohibition of Mr. QUAYpresentedmemorialsof EncampmentNo. 72, Union the liquor traffic and the closing of the Exposition grounds on Veteran Legion; of Encampment No. 43, Union Veteran Legion; Sunday at the World's Exposition in Chicago-:-to the SelectCom- of Encampment No. 11, Union Veteran Legion of Pennsylvania, mitfue on the Columbian Exposition. · remonstrating against the remov. al of charges of desertion ex­ By Mr. POST: Petition of citizens of· Ontario, ill., and vicin­ cept upon evidence that the cage ~s a just a~d. meritori?us one; ·. ity, against Sunday opening of the World's Fair-to the Select which were referred to the.Committee on Military Affairs. _ Committee on the Columbian Exposition. He also presented a petition of Capt. George J. Lawrence Post,

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1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENATE. 5873

~o.17, Grand A:my of the Republic, of Minersville, Pa., pray­ R. 95) concerning the use of alphabetic law in public printinO'· lng for the erectwn of a monument commemorating the glorious which was read twice by it3 title, and referred to the Commit~~ ··I deeds of the enlisted men in the late war; which was referred to on Printing. -- the Committee on Military Affairs. AMENDMENTS TO A BILL. -,. Mr. PROCTOR presented the memorial of Mrs. I. H. Archer and other citizens of Taftsville, Vt., remonstrating against the Mr. DANIEL submitted two ame::1dments intended to be pro­ commitment of the United States Government to a union of re­ posed by him to the deficiency appropriation bill; which were ligion and the state, by the passage of any legislation closing re~erred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be the World's Columbian Exposition on Sunday; \Vhich was re­ prmted. ferred to the Committee on the Quadro-Centennial (Select). OPENING OF WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. - REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. ~r. ~ILL introdu~ed. a bill (S . 3394) changing the date for the . • · Mr. DAWES. I am instructed by the Committee on Appro­ ?-ediCatu~n of the bmldings of the World's Columbian Exposi­ priations, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 8533) making ap­ Iton; which was read the first time by its title. propriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the Mr. HILL. I ask that the bill be read at length. armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be read at length for trial and service, and for other_purposes, to report it with amend­ information. ments. The bill was read the second time at length, as follows: Be it enacted, etc., That the date for the dedication of the buildings of the I wish to state that the Senator from Maryland [Mr. GoRMAN] World's Columbian Exposition is hereby changed from the 12th day of Octo­ or the _Senator from Nevada [Mr. STEWART], who were associ­ ber, 1892, to the 21st day of October, 1892. ated with me as a subcommittee on ,.t.he bili, will call it up for action at a very early period. Mr. IDLL. Mr. President, in connection with this bill I de­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be placed on the Cal­ sire to make a brief statement. endar. . The act of Congress which became a law April 25 1890 pro­ Mr. McMILLAN, from the Committee on the District of Co­ vided that the dedication of the buildings of the World's C~lum­ lumbia, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 8579) to incorporate bian Exposition should take place on the 12th dav of October the Petworth, Brightwood and Takoma Park Railway Company 1892. There was some question raised at the time as to the pro~ of the District of Columbia, reported it with an amendment. priet~ of that date. It seems to be now conceded that, strictly _He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the speakmg, the date should be the 21st day of October according to our present calendar. The 12th day of October was according bil~ (S. 1876) to incorporate the East Washington Crosstown Ra:>.lway Company of the District of Columbia, reported it with to the old system. amendments, and submitted a report thereon. It has been proposed since the passaO'e of th9.t act that there Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on the District of Co­ should be celebrations throughout the "'country in honor of the discovery of America by Columbus. They are to be held in dif­ lumbia, to wJ;lom was refe~red the bill (8.1271) for the purchase of the Washmgton Gas-Light Company's works, submitted an !erent parts of the nation. Great preparations have been made adverse re:port thereon; which was agreed to, and the bill was m the State of New York for a celebration to take place in the postponed rndefinitely. city of New York on the 12th day of October next. That date Mr. MANDERSON, from the Committee on Military Affairs, was fixed by an act of the Legislature of the State of New York to whom WftS referred the bill (S. 3314) for the relief of E. Dar­ and an appropriation has been. made for the celebration. Th~ w.in Gage, late lieutenant-colonel of the One hundred and forty­ Legislature has adjourned. It can not well be reconvened. That eight? New York Infantry, reported it without amendment, and celebration would conflict to some extent with the dedications submitted a report thereon. of the buildings in the city of Chicago. It has now been proposed that the date for the dedication of ~r. HARRIS. I am directed by the Committee on the Dis­ triCt of Columbia, to which was referred the bill (S. 2629) to in­ the buildings at Chicago should be changed. It is desired by corporate the Maryland and Washington Railway Company to the managers on the part of the State of New York that this report i~. adversely, the cm;nmittee having already reported a should be done. It is desired by the citizens of the State 'of New House bul on the same subJect. I move that this bill be post­ York. The celebration at New York will be simply a prelimi­ poned indefinitely. nary o_ne to the grand celebration at Chicago. It will attract The motion was agreed to. att~ntwn to the o_n~ at Chicago. It will certainly aid the one at Mr. PROCTOR, from the Committee on Military Affairs to Chicago. The citizens of New York, especially the public offi­ whom was referred the bill (S.1723) to authorize the Secret~ry cials of that State, desire to participate in the openinO' of the of War to appoint a board of review in certain cases, reported Exhibition buildings at Chicago, which they can not well do un­ adversely thereon, and the bill was postponed indefinitely. . less the date is changed. Mr. HANSBROUGH, from the Committee on the District of I have consulted with the two Senators from the State of Illi­ nois. They inform me that they have no objection to the pas­ Colum~ia, whom was referred the bill (H. R. 6793) to provide to sage of the bill. I have consulted with the president secretary ·- !or semi~nn~al statements_ by foreign corporations doing business m the DlBtriCt of Columbia, reported it with an amendment. and executive officers of the World's Columbian Exposition' Mr_. WOLCOTT. I am directed by the Committee on Civil many of whom are now in the city, and they inform me that they Service and Retrenchment, to whom was referred the bill (S. 3024) have no objection to the passa$e of the bill. On the contrary, to exempt veterans from competitive examinations in the clas­ they are disposed to approve It, although they do not desire to sified service of the United States, to report it without recom­ take any affirmative action in that r espect. They have :c.o power mendation, and I move that it be placed on the Calendar. to do it themselves. The act of 1 8~0 absolutely provides that­ The motion was agreed to. the dedication shall take place on the 12th day of October. Mr. QUAY, from the Committee on Public Buildings and There is, therefore, no objection upon the part of the officers of Grounds, to whom was referred the bill (S.1137) providing for the the Expositi?n; there is n_o. objection _on the yar.t of anybody erection of a public building at the city of Walla Walla in the ?onnected with the ExpositiOn; there IS no obJectiOn anywhere State of Washington, reported it without amendment. ' rn the country that I am aware of. · Under these circumstances, as the bill is a short one and as EMPLOYMENT OF ADDITIONAL PAGES. it is desired that the change of date, if made, should be' known Mr. JONES of Nevada, from the Committee to Audit and Con­ at once, so that preparations for the various cslebrations may trol the Contingent Expenses of the Senate to whom was re­ be made accordingly, I a:>k unanimous co::tsent that the bill may _, ferred the by Mr. December now have consideration. resolut~on ~ubmitted McP~ERSON, Mr. CULLOM. Mr. President, I do not rise to oppose there­ 15, 1891,_ reported It without ~mendment, and it was considered by unammous consent, and agreed to, as follows: quest of the Senator from New York, nor do I rise to make any extended remarks in reference to this bill. R esolved, FJ;hat the Se!gea.nt-at-Ar!Us. is directed to employ during the present sesswn, in additiOn to the exlStmg force two additional pages said My understanding is, from some correspondence with the au­ employes to be paid from the miscellaneous items of the contingent fun::l of thorities connected with the World's Columbian Exposition at the Senate. Chicago, that they a:-e ' not disposed to interpose any objection BILLS INTRODUCED. to the change of the date. indicated by the bill of the Senator Mr. BLACKBURN introduced a bill (S. 3395) to remit the ~r~m New York: The authorities there feel, as we all feel, that penalties on gunboat No.3, the Concord, and gunboat No.4 the It IS a proper thmg to accommodate each other in reference to Bennington; which was read twice by its title and with th~ ac­ this matter. companying paper, referred to the Committee'on Naval Affairs. As the Senator from New York states, the preparation by the . Mr. GALLI~q-ER introduced a b~l (S. 3396) granting a llen­ Legislature of that State having been made, and being unchan.ge­ swn to Col. Wilham H. Browne; which was rea-d twice by its ti­ ab~e except by a call of the Legislature of the Stat3 in special tle, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. s2ssion for that purpose, so far as I know the authorities con­ Mr. PERKINS (by request) introduced a joint re3olution (S. nected with the World's Fair at Chicago and the p·sople inter- XXIII--368

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5874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

ested in that great Exhibition are not disposed to offer any ob­ goo~s, had also an important bearing upon the prosperity of that jection to the passage of the bill changing the date from the perwd. 12th to the 21st of October, 1892. But w~s this a period of real prosperity to the country? Let The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request of us examme the record and see. the Senator from New York that the bill be now considered? It seems that from 1850 to 1861 the gold mines of California There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the yielded $641,000,000 in coin. The total amount of gold and sil­ Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. ver e~ported to other countries f.rom the Unit3d States during The bill was reported b the Senate without amendment, or­ that trme was $4.34,206,752, of wh1ch $1,150,000 was silver, leav­ dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, ing $433,056,752 of gold, or more than two-thirds of the entire and passed. product of the mines. We imported during the same period REPRINT OF A BILL. $82,316,736 of gold and silver coin and bullion, thusleavino- a dif­ Mr. CHANDLER. I move that bill (S.l210) to authorize the ference against us of $350,740,016 exported during the oeleven payment to Rear-Admiral John H. Russell of the highest pay of years. For the entire pariod, from 1846 to 1861, the balance his grade be reprint-ed, owing to a typographical error in the against us of gold and silver was $389,390,025. previous print. During that period the balance of foreign trade was against us The motion was agreed to. every one of the :fifteen years except two, the exceptions being the years 1847 and 18:>8. The amount in our favor during those MOBILE AND GIRARD RAILROAD COMPANY. J:"ears was $4.2,989,869, while the aggregate against us was $4.74,- Mr. CARLISLE. If there is no further morning business, I 045,590. Tabulated the showing is as follows: desire to ask the unanimous consent of the Senate to proceed to Thirteen ypars, balance against us ______$4.74, 645, 590 the consideration of the bill (H. R. 1239) for the r elief of the Mobile and Girard Railroad Company. It is a bill which has Two years, balance in om· favor______42, 989, 869 passed the other House two or three times. · Total balance against us ______431, 655, 621 By unanimous consent, the Senate, as in Committee of the ~ Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to pay to the In other words, we bought $-!31,655, G21 worth of goods of va­ Mobile and Girard Railroad Company $2,298.24, due the railroad rious kinds from other nations of the world durin')' those fifteen company fo_,. transporting paroled prisoners. years, over which the Democratic party never ce"'ases to boast, The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ more than we sold to them, and we sent them $398,390,025 of gold dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. and silver more than they returned to us. RIOT AT HOMESTEAD, PA. Can it be possible that, under such circumstances, the country was prosperous? On that point I desire to call two eminent Dem­ Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I gave notice yesterday ocratic witnesses, Presidents Fillmore and Buchanan. that when the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent In December, 1852, six yeara only after the enactment of the Expenses of the Senate should make a report on the matters be­ Walker tariff President Fillmore sent a messaO'e to Congress, fore that committee relating to recent occurrence3 in Pennsyl­ and after calling attention to the fact that two years before he vania, I should take occasion to briefly address the Senate on had pointed out certain defects in the tariff legislation of the the ubject. As I understand that the committ-ee are now delib­ country, he said: erating, and pending their deliberations I will inflict a few re­ Nothing has since occurred to change my Yiews on this important ques­ marks upon the Senate now. tion. Without repeating the arguments contained in my former message in :M:r. President, when I offered the resolution for an inquiry favor of discriminating, protective duties, I deem it my duty to call your attention to one or two other considerations affecting this subject. The into the unfortunat occurrences at Homestead, Pa., I did EO first is, the etiect of large importations of foreign goods upon our currency. hoping that an investigation would be ordered and the facts Most of the _gold of California, as fast as it is coined, finds its way directly reported to the Senate without a partisan discussion, and to Europe m payment !or goods purchased. In the second ;place, a.s our manufacturing establishments are broken down by competition with for­ without reference to anything but what properly attaches to eigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thousands of honest and indus­ an inquiry of that kind. In this I have been disappointed, as triollS citizens are thrown out of employment, and the farmer, to that ex­ the Senator from Indiana fMr. VOORHEES] saw fit on yesterday, tent, is deprived or a home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In. the third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves the foreigner in discussing the matter, to arraign the Republican party, and without competition in our market, and he consequently raises the price of to heatedly declare that the tariff system is responsible for the the article sent here for sale, as is now seen in the increased cost of iron im­ unfortunate outbreak and bloodshed in Pennsylvania. ported from England. The prosperity and wealth of every nation must de­ I listened to the Senator's denunciation of the Republican pend upon its productive industry. party in general, and of Mr. Carnegie in particular, with proper What an object lesson is that for the people of this country. deference, but after the Senator had concluded I did not discover 1. Large import!'l.tions of foreign goods drain the gold and that he had made any very valuable contribution to the discus­ silver from us. sion, except to carry Indiana, New York, and illinois for the 2. With low tariff our manufactures are broken down by com­ party to which he belongs, all of which States, he gravely as­ petition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, and sured us, are .sure to vote the Democratic ticket. Such prophe­ thousands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out of cies, Mr. President, were rife in 1888, but the result at the polls employment. showed then, as it will probably show in November next, that 3. In ·consequence of this the farmer is deprived of a home even statesmen sometimes prophecy from insufficient and false market for the sale of his agricultural products. premises. For more than thirty years it has been a favorite 4. The destruction of our manufactures leaves the foreigner pastime of the Democratic party to elect Presidents in July, without competition in our market, and he raises the price of but which action they have usually failed to ratify in November. the article sent here for sale. The Senator from Indiana depicted the prosperity of the Why, Mr. President, that sounds like inspiration, and it is country during the existence of the Walker tariff of 1846. The much to be regretted that in these degenerate days of the old .... Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST], a few days before, treated Democratic party there is no one left among them to defend and the Senate to a learned disquisition on the same subject-indeed promulgaw· the teachings of Millard Fillmore. the tariff-for-revenue-only period from 1846 to 1861 seems to be That wasin1852. The Walker tariff continued until the time the magnet that never fails to draw eloquent utterances from when that other eminent Democratic statesman, James Buch­ Democratic orators. Heaven only knows what would become of anan, was elected to the. Presidency. It became his duty to ad­ our Democratic friends if those fifteen years of American history dress Congress and the people of the country. What did he find were blotted out. as we neared the end of this wonderful era of low tariff? Did he But, Mr. President, what are the facts as to the operations of di£cover the grand results that Senators on the other side of this the Walker tariff? Chamber are in the habit of depicting? Let the record speak Beyond a doubt there was a fictitious- prosperity for a few for itself. I read from President Buchanan's inaugural address: We have possessed all the elements of material wealth in rich abundance, years after the enactment of this law, but its final results, like and yet, notwithstanding all these advantages, our country, in its monetary a~l low .tariffs which have been tried in this country, brought interests, is at the present moment in a deplorable condition. In the midst disa.ster to our people and desolation to our industries. And in of unsurpassed plenty in all the productions of agriculture, and in all the ele· that di~astrous ending no class.suff~red as did the laboring men, ments of national wealth, we find om· manufactures suspended, our public works retarded, our private enterp1·ises of ditrerent kinds abandoned, and who3e mterests, our Democratw fr1ends would now have us be­ thousands of useful laborers thrown out of employment and reduced to want. -~ lieve, they have always sought to protect and promote. The revenue of the Government, which is chiefly.derived from duties on im­ The Senator from Nevada {Mr. STEWART] very properly sug­ ports from abroad, has been greatly reduced, whilst the appropriations made by Congress at its last session for the current fiscal year are very large in gested yesterday in debate that the prosperity which followed amount. Under these circumstances a loan may be required before the close the enactment ::>f the tariff law of 1846 was largely due to the dis­ of your present session; but this, although deeply to be regretted, would prove to be only a slight misfortune when compared with the suf!ering and covery of gold in California, and he might well have added that distress prevailing among the people. With this the Government can not ,. the famine in Ireland, the Mexican war, and,. the Crimean war, fail deeply to sympathize, though it may be without the power to extend re­ resulting in a demand for every surplus bushel of grain that we lief. could produce, as well as for vast quantities of manufactured Another object lesson, :Mr. President, by a Democratic states- ...... ~ .. - ·. 1892. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.SENATE. 5875 man. More testimony that low tariff destroyed manufactures, Why not build up a rival esta.blishment to Carnegie's and show causing public works to be retarded, private enterprises to be to the world how much more generous you are toward labor than abandoned, and thousands of honest and industrious workmen the people of the North? Let us hope that when you establish to be thrown out of employment and reduced to want. That was that great manufacturing plant you will not employ convict in the good old days of Democratic rule. Had it been in 1892 in­ labor in it, as you are doing in the mines and on the railroads stead of 1857, how Democratic orators and newspapers would have of the South to-day. denounced the tariff, abused Carnegie and the Republican party, Mr. President, a few days ago it was my privilege to sail down and made & spectacle of themselves generally. Chesapeake Bay past that mammoth manufacturing establish­ I need not dwell on events at the close of those fifteen years of ment at Steelton, planted there and equipped by Northern en­ low tariff. They are known to all the world. The Republican terprise and Northern capital, and as I looked out on that large party came into power in 1860, and the legacy it received from community of well-paid and prosperous mechanics I wondered the Democratic party was an empty treasury, Government bonds whether either of the Senators from Maryland would, if he selling at 85 cents on the dollar, a loan almost impossible of could, deprive the men who have invested their millions there negotiation, and a gigantic rebellion to be met and suppressed. of the protection that the tariff affords them. Cer-tain it is that Mr. President, if that is a record of which the Democratic without that protection the streets of Steelton would be as silent party should be proud the Republican party can well afford to as those of Nineveh, and the products of that great mill would accord them all the glory that attaches to it. be transferred to similar establishments on the other side of the I have alluded to the tariff history of this period at greater Atlantic. length than I otherwise would have done had not its rehearsal It has been said that the tariff and the Republican party are ·I' from the Democratic standpoint become somewhat monotonous. responsible for this outbreak in Pennsylvania. How absurd It is a record of disaster, not of prosperity, of shame and not that is. of honor. What about the labor riots in Great Britain, tenfold worse And now, Mr. Pre3ident, I come to a consideration of the real . than this? question at issue, the causes and consequences of the conflict be­ What about the "long strike" in Wales, where hunareds of tween capital and labor at Homestead, Pa. I have listened to people actually perished from .starvation? Those poor people the denunciation of the Pinkerton detectives, and am impressed were fighting for just enough to sustain life, while in this coun­ with the belief that the system under which they are employed try the laboring man can always live, his contention usually be­ is a vicious one, and that they can well be dispensed with. I ing, as in this instance, for a larger share of the profits than he trust the committee, if one is raised for this purpose, will is receiving. thoroughly investigate that phase of the question, and give the The tariJf has nothing to do with labor riots except to prevent country reliable information concerning the employment of these them. How can a policy which has brought unparalleled pros­ men. I believe they should be disbanded at once, yet pending perity to the country, and given good wages and· comfortable the inquiry I do not care to-denounce them as assassins, as some homes to workingmen, be responsible for tumult and disorder? Senators have doue. Not disaster, but prosperity and happiness, follow in the wake of As to the contest between Mr. Carnegie and his workmen, my tariff legislation, and higher rather than lower duties are needed impression is that the investigation will show that both sides to in some lines to keep out the products of the underpaid labor of the unfortunate controversy were in a measure to blame, and it European and Asiatic countries. is well for us in the heat of debate not to assume teo much in a Not the tariff, Mr. President, but the greed of human nature, matter of this kind. Capital is often selfish, arrogant, and des­ illustrated in all agesof theworldandin all nations of the earth, potic, yet capital has rights as well as labor, and employes as and the surplus of cheap, servile, and too often criminal labor of well as employers, sometimes do wrong. For myself I sympathize foreign lands that is continually pouring in on us are largely re­ with the laboring man always, but in this instance it must be re­ sponsible for troubles such as we are considering. I speak for • membered that the scale of prices submitted by the company did myself when I say that the remedy lies, not in tariff reduction, not very materially affect wages, and had the matter been sub­ but in the reduction of undesirable immigration, and in the asser­ . \ mitted to arbitration, as it should have been, doubtless all trou­ tion on the part of our Government of a policy that will protect ble would have been averted. It is well, also, not to forget that our own people at the expense of those from other lands. Not the manufacturers' scale, with the reduction proposed, gave only must the foreign product be taxed, but in some way the nearly twice what England pays for similar work, almost three alien pauper and criminal must be effectually kept from our ,. times what is paid in Belgium, and more than was paid in this shores. The day has passed when we canwelcomeallclassesand country a few years ago. · conditions of men to this countrv, and before long we may be But it is asserted that Carnegie has grown rich, and that the confronted with the problem as· to who shall be received and tariff enabled him to do so. who refused. There should be no politics in this. The inter­ Concede that and wb,at does it prove? ests of good government and of the laboring man will demand it. Have not other men in this country not engaged in manufac­ How truthfully does Thomas Bailey Aldrich depict this danger turing grown rich, some of whom are Democrats and some Re­ in his poem, ''Unguarded Gates," in the Atlantic Monthly for publicans? .July: Have not men in England grown rich, some in manufacturing "0 Liberty, white goddess! is it well To leave the gates unguarded? On thy breast and some in other pursuits? _ t Fold Sorrow's children, soothe the hurts or rate, Did not Bessemer accumulate great wealth i.rl'England, inde­ Lift the down-trodden, but with hand o:1' steel pendent oi a tariff, in the same line of manufacturing as Car­ Stay those who to thy sacred portals come To waste the gifts o:1' freedom. Have a care negie? Lest from thy brow the clustered stars be torn Are our Democratic friends prepared to say that any scheme And trampled in the dust. For so of old can be devised to keep some men from getting rich and to pre­ The thronging Goth and Vandal trampled Rome, And where the temples of the Cresars stood vent others from remaining poor? The lean wolf unmolested mad~ her lair." But while Carnegie and some other manufacturers have grown rich, what of the wrecks of manufacturingindustriesallover the Mr. President, I listened attentively to the earnest words North? Aye, what of the wrecks of manufacturing industries in of the Senator from Indiana in behalf of the unfortunate the South as well? Are we in this matter to establish a system working people of Homestead. With all my heart I join in his of bookkeeping with no debtor side to it? utterances on that point. No man need urge me to look kindly I have listened·to the denunciations of Northern manufactur­ on laboring men. I have been in their ranks, and have shared ers by Southern public men many times: and the query has always with them adversity as well as prosperity. I see those brave come to me, "if there is so much profit in manufacturing, why men before me now. I see their loyal and devoted wives, with does not the South engage more l'argely in it?" You have your their children in their arms. To them my profoundest sympathy magnificent water ways; why not use them for manufacturing goes out, and as I think of them I thank God that I belong to a purposes as we use the water ways of theNorth? Why send your political party that has done so much for the laboring men of raw cotton to Manchester, England, and Manchester, N. R., to this country. be m~ufactured into cloth, and then bewail your misfortunes I recall the fact that in the darkest days of slavery's rebellion and abuse those who have invested their capital in mills and the great Republican party enacted the homestead law, under looms and machinery? which and subsequent legislation 52,985,038 a.cres of the public Why, Mr. President, New Hampshire caJ?ital within a few domain have been given to the laboring men of this country, weeks produced the first sewing machine ever manufactured in without money and without price, on which land there is to-day the Southern States. a population of not less than a million and a half of people. With cheap coal, cheap iron, cheap wood, and cheap labor, Neither have I forgotten that during that terrible strife the why does notsome part of the solid South invest Southern money Republican party placed its arms of lo\-e and mercy under four and make their own sewing machines, if the profits of manu­ millions of human serfs, and lifted them from unrequited toil to facturing are so great? the high plane of manhood and citizenship. . -

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,_ 5876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. JULY 8,

The Republican party has no apologies to make for its at­ he lived. In Philadelphia, the great city of the leading iron­ titude on the great question of labor. In addition to what I producing State of the Union, there is one home ·to ever;y five have enumerated, our record on that question is emphasized and inhabitants. A recent British r.arliamentary report on the Hous­ perfected in the enactment of the tariff laws of 1861 and 1890, ing of working classes says: 'Even in the country districts, under which the laboring men of this country have prosperelaborer. Look at Leeds, that great English city of 200,000 souls, come: "We tried all that to our sorrow, and we propose to stand where the chief of police asserts that he does not know a single by the policy which has brought happiness, contentment, and instance where a laboring man or m 9chanic owns the house in prosperity to our people." which he lives. Do not ask the laboring men of thig country to The people of New England have adjusted their affairs in har­ accept a heritage like that; rather let us all unite to advance the mony with tariff legislation. They have diversified their in­ interests of the laboring classes by upholding the tariff legisla­ dustries and planted on every stream workshops and mills. As tion of the Republican party, and by keeping in mind the fact a result the laboring man is employed, good wages are paid, and that without American industries American labor will go unem­ practically nothing is known of the suffering and distress of ployed. - which we hear so much in this Chamber. Tens of million~ of ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. dollars are in the savings banks of my own little State, to the credit of the wage-earners alone. Strike down the tariff, bring A message from the H ouse of R~presentatives, by Mr. T. 0. our operatives in competition with those of countries where less TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the Speaker of the wages are paid, and either our mills will close o the operatives House had signed the following enrolled bills; and they were will be compelled to work for wages such as are paid in England thereupon signed by the Vice-President: to-day. Which would happen? The latter beyond a doubt. A bill (S. 552) to amend the act approved March 1,1887, relat­ Capital is powerful, labor is weak. The manufacturer, under ing to the hospital corps of the Army; A bill (S. 2729) to amend an act entitled "An act to establish low tariff, will protect himself by reducing wages, and the circuit courts of appeals, and to define and regulate in certain gain under Democratic policy will be to rob the workingman of cases the jurisdiction of the courts of the United States, and for this country of the comforts and luxuries he now enjoys, anc re­ other purposes;" duce him to the level of operatives whose daily toil produces only the barest necessaries of life. A bill (H. R. 2398) granting a pension to WilliamS. Wood­ . It is an easy ma-tter to call the manufacturers of this country ward; "robbers" and "tyrants," but it should . not be forgotten that A bill (H. R.5034) to increase the pension of Michael Lahey; they have invested their capital in mills and machinery, and are A bill (H. R. 5330) for the relief of Frederick Meredith, late a giving employment to men who otherwise would go unemployed. soldier in the Indian war of 1832; Look at the town of Homestead, concerning which this inquiry A bill (H. R . 5342) granting a pension to ;Harmon H. McElvey; A bill (H. R . 5431) authorizing the issuing of patents for loca­ is to be made. It is a model manufacturing town, built on 1,000 tions with C8rtificatesgranted under the act of Congress approved acres of land, lying in a great bend of the Monongahela River, August 5, 1854, entitled "An act for the relief of the legal heirs and rising gently by terraces to sloping hills and knolls. The town is about thirteen years old. It has been built by the Car­ of Benjamin Metoyer;" · negie workmen. Most of the residences are owned by the men A bill (H. R . 6023) for the relief of Elizabeth T. Boyd and Joel who live in them. Many of the houses are carpeted, and pianos S . Hawkins, of Alabama; are a common thing in the homes of the workmen. There are A bill (H. R. 6140) granting a pension to Mrs. Elizabeth R. no tenement houses, no flats, and no hovels. Ea.ch house has its Willson; plat of ground in front and rear. The town has its opera house, A bill (H. R. 6509) granting a pension to Herman Heinze; schools, churches, and halls for the various social organizations A bill (H. R . 7688} to grant lot numbered 1 in block numbered to which the young people belong. 72 of the Hot Springs Reservation to the school district of the city of Hot Spri~gs for school purposes; Mr. President, where can such~ manufacturing town be found A bill (H. R. IS20} making appropriations for the construc· except in this country? tion, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers Such towns are scattered all over New England, and are the and harbors, and for other purposes; and pride and boast of our people. They are the outgrowth of the A bill (H. R. 821)4) to punish the carrying or s3lling of deadly : ' tariff system, and under a tariff for revenue only would practi­ or dangerous weapons within the District of Columbia, and for cally cease to exist. When the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] was so pathetic­ other purposes. ally calling attention a few days ago to the fact that certain SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL. -. grades of foreign cutlery h:I:d advance.d in price unde~ the Mc­ Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the con· Kinley bill, I thought of a little town m New Hampshire where sideration of House bill 7520, b 3ing the sundry civil appropria­ cutlery is manufactured by American workingmen from Ameri­ tion bill. can material. It is a beautiful town. Evidences of thrift and The motion was agreed to; and the Senate, as in Committ2e culture are on every hand. The workingmen own their homes, of the Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (H. R. 7520) and have more comforts and luxuries than can be found in the making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Govern­ homes of workingmen in any other country on the face of the ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1 93, and for other pur­ earth. Reduce the tariff on cutlery and the workingmen in this poses. beautiful village will come in direct competition with those of The VICE-PRESIDENT- The reading of the bill will be re· Sheffield, the result of which I need not detail. To-day bettsr sumed. cutlery is made in this country than in England, and it sells for The Secretary resumed the r 2ading of the bill at line 7, on a trifle less. There is no need of any man buying foreign cut­ page 60, beginning with the claus3 making appropriatio~ for lery, and hence the appeal of the Senator from Missouri need "surveying the public lands:/' not alarm thos9 who are content to patronize American manu­ The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations was, facturers, encourage American industries, and thus practically in the appropriations for "surveying the public lands," on page help the American artisan. 60, line 8, before the word "thousand," to strike out" two hun­ The United States is essentially a country of homes, and in this dred" and insert ''three hundred a-nd seventy-fi-ve; " so as to respect we differ from free-trade countries. The iron workers make the it-= m read: of England are among the best paid of that country's workmen, For surveys and resurveys of public lan.ds, $S75,00J dollar s, a t rates not ex­ and yet only one man out of every twenty-five occupies his own ceeding $9 per linear mile for stan da,rd and tnJ>Ol.nder lines, $7 for township, home; while in the United States, according to the census of an:l $5 for section lines. 1880, one out of every six of our people owned the house in which Mr. SHOUP. I will state to the Sen~tor from Iowa, who has

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• 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5877

charge of this bill, that I desire to offer an amendment to the land surveyed before throwing it open for settlement, the State would then have an opportunity to make selections of valuable lands that otherwise amendment of the committee, but I shall reserye my amendment would undoubtedly be taken by settlers before surveys could be made. until after the reading of the bill is completed, if the privilege •·Anything I can do in my o:fllcial c:J.pacity to forward these selections and is reserved to me "00 offer the amendment at that time. assist the State will gladly be done. "Very respectfully, Mr. ALLISON. I think the Senator had better offer his amend­ "WILLIS H. PETTIT ment now, as I understand it is an amendment t:l the amend­ "f:nited States Surveyor-General for Idalw. ment reported by the committee. "Hon. GEORGE L. SHOUP, . Mr. SHOUP. It is an amendment to the amendment of the "Governor of Idaho." committee. The bill above referred to became a law by 2.ct of Congres~ on Mr. ALLISON. If the amendment of the committee is agreed March 3, 1891, whereby the Cceur d'Alene Indians ceded to the to, it will be a little awkward to change it again until the bill Government a valuable tract of agricultural land. These lands gets into the Senate. Therefore, I think the Senator may just are now baing occupied by people s3eking homes, and should be as well offer his amendment now. surveyed at the ea~liest day possible. Mr. SHOUP. I move to strike out in line 9, on page 60, be­ I also quote from the report of the register and rec~iver of fore the word "thousand," the words "three hundred and the United States land office at Blackfoot, Idaho: seventy-five," which is the amendment reported by the com­ The matter of extending the surYeys over th3 public lands is one that mittee, and insert" four hundred and fifty;" so as to make the should have immediate attention by Congress. A great dea.l of hardship is undergone every year by settlers upon uns11rveyed lands, and a vast amount amount of the appropriation for surveys and resurveys of public of useless litigation is the outgrowth of the failure of the Government to lands $450,000. In support of this amendment I desire to offer a execute surveys where they are urgently needed aud demanded. few remarks. Congress &ome timesincecut off about 300,000acres of the southern portion of t.he Fort Hall Indian Reservation, upon which there has been considera­ Mr. President, the surveys of the public lands are of the ut­ ble settlement for years. The failure to appropriate the necessary money most importance to the people of the State that I have the honor for survey of this tract has rendered the situation as complicated as ever, in part to represent in this branch of Congress. I therefore deem and a great deal of complaint is heard from the people, who are pra:::tically deprived of their titles, after all these years. The question can not be urged · it appropriate that I sbould make a few observations on the pend­ or pressed too strongly by you in your recommendation to the honorable ing question for an increase over the amount appropriated by Secretarv. the House of Representatives and also over the amount proposed Mr. President, I have called attention to the foregoing exteacts by the Senate committee for that purpose. In my opinion there embodied in my reports as evidence that fur many years the is no class of citi:z.ens entitled to more consideration and encour­ pioneers who settled on the public lands have suffered great in­ agement by Congress than those who have endured the hard­ convenience3 and privations. Our farmera, as a rule, are intelli­ ships and privations incident to reclaiming the wild lands of the gent, the majority being Americans. They are industrious, and West, transposing the deserts, plateaus, valleys, and mountain their homes are surrounded with comforts not usually found in slopes into productive farms and comfortable homes. They have the home of the early settler. A better class of buildings would, built schoolhouses and churches, the influence of which are es­ however, be ere"Cted and more extensive improvements made tablished upon a permanent and enduring basis. The music of were the lands surveyed and lines estt.blished. church bells and the anthems of trained choira are as mn~h a A large portion of the agricultural area of Idaho requires irri- ­ part of the social system of our people as it is a factor in the gation. The construction of irrigating- canals is expensive and lives of the people of any other portion of the UnHed ~tate3. is absolutely necessary for the purpose of conveying water for But there is a certain degree of unrest among them that will con­ the reclamation of land in the arid districts and for domestic tinue to exist until their lands are surveyed and their title thereto purposes; and what I haye said in this respect in relation to secured. Idaho will apply to all of the naw States and the Territories ..: I will here quote an extract from my views on this subject, as within the limits of the arid belt; in fact, all of the Western and presented in my report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, Northwestern State& are interested and demand a fair appropri­ to the honorable Secretary of the Interior, namely: ation for the surveys of the public domain. There should be larger appropriations made for the survey of public lands in Idaho. Hundreds of settlers have spent half an average lifetime In the northern part of my State there is an extensive grant upon their farms; have erected valuable buildings; have constructed ir­ of land to the Northern Pa-cific Railway Company, covering odd rigating canals at the cost of thousands of dollars; have connected their sections fQr 40 miles on each side of said road, with an indemnity farms with towns by grading excellent roads and building bridges, and yet they can obtain no legal title to the lands which they have made of the great­ limit in addition thereto of 10 miles on both sides, making a est value. They are still "squatters," tolerated by the Government, their total width of 100 miles across the State, only a fraction of which rights subject to dispute, and not transferable in any valid manner. The is surveyed. Within the limits of this grant there are a num­ pioneers of Idaho do not deserve such treatment. They have helped to create wealth which is a part of the riches of the country; under the greatest diffi­ ber of thrifty towns, and hundreds of our citizens have settled culties they have upheld American institutions,established American schools, on these lands, reclaiming and bringing them under the highest and cultivated loyalty and love of freedom and justice; they have obeyed the '5tate of cultivation and making for themselves permanent homes. the laws and defended them. * * * The Department should provide pay and appliances demanded by a moun­ These settlers have made urgent appeals for a survey, as there tainous country. The survey should not only be a surface measurement of is no other way to determine whether they have settled on Gov­ land, but it should also be a mineral and a geological survey; it should be an ernment or· on rail way lands. They are fearful that if their homes assistant in our irrigation system, andchartforforests and streams. * * * and improvements are located on lands belonging to the com­ The surveyors of the United States should not lag twenty years behind our pioneers,--rather the·surveyors should themselves be the pioneer corps to pany an excessive price will be exacted of them because of the open to universal knowledge the wealth of Idaho, and the great West. improvements they (the settlers) have made. This fear may or ~very consideration of justice, every sound business principle, every may not be well founded. The company, appreciating the hard­ thought of loyalty to our own land and om· own people should prompt Con­ gress to make the most generous provision for a complete survey of the un­ ships endured by the settlers in improvb.g the lands and in de­ surveyed portions of Idaho. veloping the country, may make no reckoning of the enhanced Before my report was completed for the year 1890, Idaho had value created at the expense and labor of the occupants. been admitted into the Union of States and Congress had made On the other hand, it is urged that corporations usually ex­ liberal appropriations of lands for school, university, and other act all that a property can be made to realize. On these lands State institutions. are large tracts of valus.ble timber, upon which speculators are I will now quote from my report of 1890: foraging, and when arrested for violation of law and brought into The selection of State lands for school, university, and other purposes is court on the charge oE trespas3 upon the public lands they defy important and will reg.uire liberal appropriations. If the present policy of us to prove whether the depredationsallegc: d were committed on small appropriations 1s continued, the result will be the survey of a small the public domain or on the odd sections belonging to the rail­ tract each year, and the land will be occupied by settlers before the State can have the opportunity to make selections. With liberal appropriations road company. We find ourselves unable to produce the evi­ large tracts would be surveyed, giving the State the opportunity to make dence, the land being unsuneyed. The cases are dismissed and selections, thereby protecting the institutions for which the lands appropri­ the defendants walk out of court to ·renew their profitable voca­ ated were intended. I addressed a communication to the surveyor-general of the State on this subject and respectfully submit his reply thereto. tion. We are in this way losing millions upon millions of feet ''DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, each year of our bast timber. These lands were gran ted to the. "OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES SURVEYOR-GENERAL, Northern Pacific Railway Company by actofCongressapproved ".Dist1'ict of idaho, Boise Oity, October 14, 18JO. July 2, 1864. The odd sections in this grant can not be located or '' Sm: In answer to your communication of the 13th instant, asking this segregated from the public domain while the lands remain un­ office for any information it might be able to fm•nish relating to the unset­ tled and unsurveyed lands of the State still open for selection as State lands surveyed; therefore the importanca of an early survey must be under various grants made for school, university, and other purposes, I apparent to every Senator. would say there are large tracts of unsettled and unsurveyed agricultural The State, counties, and schools, as well n.s individuals, suffer lands still remaining in the State, principally in the counties of Bingham, by not having this land grant and all other agricultural lands in Bear Lake, Oneida, Cassia, Owyhee, Logan, Elmore, Ada, and Washington, in South Idaho, and Nez Perce, Latah, Kootenai, and Soshoue, in North the State surveyed, as they are exempt from taxation, and will Idaho. continue to be exempt as long as they remain a part of the pub­ "There is now a bill pending in Congress, which it is expected will pass soon, for the pm·chase of a large part of the Creur d'Alene Indian Reserva­ lic domain. Those occupying these lands would gladly, if their tion in Kootenai County. This tract is largely fine agricultural land, need­ titles were secure, pay taxes on the same. I may add that there ing no irrigation. If the Department could be prevailed upon to have this is another reason as important as any already given why the J 5878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

~ublic lands should be surveyed. Congressinadmittingthenew of plats in local land offices, and selections under the land grants to new States will be delayed. f;states made liberal grants of lands for educational and other in­ Very respecttully, ~ stitutions, which were fully appreciated by the citizens of all of THOS. H. CARTER, Commissioner. the new States; but these grants are of little value unless we se­ The Hon. SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. cure an early survey. This was apparent to me when Idaho was Mr. SHOUP. Mr. President, the estima~s for the ensuing admitted; hence my letter to the surveyor-general of the State, fiscal year of the surveyors-general of the six new States are as under date of October, 1890, referred to in the opening of my re­ follows: marks. His reply suggested thepossibilityof reliefthrough the South Dakota ______------·------$50,000 Nort.h Dakota ______------______54,000 ! ' GBneral Land Office. Idaho ____ ------______74,900 I then addressed a letter to the Commissioner, who informed Montana ______------____ ------·------200,000 me that there was no provision of law that would permit these­ Washington ______------______------____ ------______130,000 lection of 1ands for State institutions -prior to survey and filing Wyoming ______------____ 60,280 of plats in the local land offices; the land would then be open, alike to the State and individuals, for location and entry. We Total for the six new States alone ------56J, 180 I will now quote from the report of the surveyor-general of my have been untiring in our efforts to secure the survey of -public State to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, giving his lands for the protection of those who for many years have occu­ estimates necessary for surveys for the fiscal year ending June pied them and for the purpose of securing the State lands in­ 30, 1893, viz: tended for the maintenanoe of schools, colleges, universities, The urgency of a large appropriation for field surveying service in this penal, and reformatory institutions. State is beyond question. In all parts of the State settlements are far ahead Congress wisely provided that the interest only on the mo~ey of the surveys, and besides this the State has large donations of land for schools and other purposes, which must be selected trom the unsettled public realized from the sale of these lands could be used for the mam­ lands, almost all of which are unsurveyed. The State land commissioners tenance of the institutions for which they were donated. But have asked for surveys amounting to almost the entire apportionment for the object sought by Congress in making the said grants will the State for the fiscal year 1892. 'l'o enable the State to get the lands donated the surveys should be made ahead of the settlements. As only about one­ fail, provided the domain from which the selections are to be third of the available lands of the State are now suryeyed, I do not think made is not speedily surveyed. The time is not far distant when the amount asked for is too large. all public lands of value will be located and occupied, as there is Mr. President, I now repeat that a liberal appropriation for a steady flow of immigration from all parts of the Union to the the surveys of the public lands should be made; otherwise the We3t. Where else can they go with the hope of securing homes public-lands States, but more especially the new States, will suf­ on Government lands? I sincerely hope that the Senate will un­ fer an irreparable loss. Idaho alone should have $75,000 out of derstand and appreciate the importance of a liberal appropria­ the present appropriation. tion. The total distribution out of the appropriations for surveys for I will here submit a copy of a letter from the Commissioner the past five years for Idaho was $79,338. During the same pe­ of the General Land Office to the honorable Secretary of the rioq the cash receipt from sales of lands in my State amounted Interior, which I send to tJ:le Clerk's desk, with the request that to nearly $600,000, and much more would have been realized by it be read. the Government had the apportionment been sufficient for ex­ The Secretary read as follows: amination of the work of the surveyors and for the office of the DEPARTME~'T OF THE INTERIOR, GENERAL LA.."

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1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5879

1\Ir. ALLISON. I will say to the Senator from Washington mittee on the subject and transmitting that letter says, after re· ~hat the amendment of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. SHOUP] is citing its transmission: m order it beino- an amendment to an amendment of the com- As stated by the Commissioner, the portions of the general appropriations mittee ~nd ther~fore must be considered at this moment. I do for surveys allotted to the State of Washington "have been and will be em· not kn~w but that the amendment of the Senator from Wash- braced in awarded and approved contracts for surveys within said State, in • gton I's of the same character·, if so, it ought to be considered compliance with the terms of the acts making said appropriations, giving ID preference to lands occupied by actual settlP.rs. '' now. This is the same condition in other of the new States, and, as the demand 1\Ir. SHOUP. 1\'ly amendment is proposed to the amendment for the survey of lands for settlement purposes is yearly increasing in these . ttee. States, it is apparent that some means is necessary in order to protect these Of the Commi States in their grants for university, college, charitable, reformatory, and 111r. ALLEN. Substantially it is one and the same thing. I other institutions, so that the requisite selections necessary to satisfy these s,uppose the Senator from Idaho has no objection to the ~motmt grants maybe made before the great body of the available unsurveyed lands shall have been appropriated by settlers. beino- further increased as r ecommend e d b Y the C ommitte e on While I can see no objection to the present bill, yet I am of the opinion Publlc Lands. There is no danger of having too generous ap· that the appropriation should be so increased as to extend the operation of propriations for the suryeys of ~he P~l?lic lands. . . the acts to the other States, and the legislation thus made general, infitead Mr. President, the primary dispositiOn of thepubhc domam of of special. the United States is an act of sovereignt~, and part and pa:r:cal Mr. President, acting upon that information respecting the of that system is the survey of the public lands a~d preparmg State of Washington, which is but the count~rpart of all the them for disposition under the land laws of the Umted Stat:: s. newly admitted States of the Union, the Committee on Public No difference what the wish or what the purpose or what the Lands unhesitatingly directed that this proposed appropriation patriotic disposition of the Western States may be to aid the of $600,000 be made. If one will look at the history of the public General Government in the survey of the public lands, to place surveys he will reach the conclusion very quickly that this is them in a condition where they may be intelligently identified not an exorbitant demand. I think, until the year 1880, appro· and accurately described and disposed of, is entirely beyond their priations were made special to the particular States, but that power. Those States are compelled to await the action ?f the about that time a new system was inaugurated by which a gen­ Government. TheexpenditureoftheGeneralGovernmentmthe eral or lump sum was appropriated for the survey oi the entire survey of the public lands is an inevitable and a necessary ex- public domain and apportioned among the different States and penditure. It must be made sooner or later. 'fhe work may be Territories in the discration of the Secretary of the Interior. delayed and by small and niggardly appropriations it may be done In reviewing the history of these appropriations 1 fin~ this by piecemeal, but ti;e most intelligent .manner in which it can be fact: Dating from the inauguration of that system, about the done will be to do It promptly, to do 1t at once, so as to meet all year 1880, the appropriations I find directly made averaged the exigencies of the advancing civilization of our times and the $350,000 per annum for the succeeding five years, inclusive of ; demands which are constantly made in all places for the prepara- 1880 and 1884. But along with this system there was another tion of the public lands. for private and indiyidual uses. system far more liberal and far more extensive. Under the Mr. President, I was mstructed to offer this amendment by the special deposit system, which had been inaugurated before and Committee on Public Lands from the fact that correspondence extended by the act of March 3, 1879, persons desiring to make had taken place between that committee and the In~erior De- settlement or purchase of the public lands of the United States partment respecting a bill which I introduced, proposmg an ap- were permitted to go to. the land offic3 and make deposits of propriation of $200,000 for a survey of the public lands in the money for the purpose of securing the surveys. These deposits State of Washino-ton. On that bill being referred to the In- became in the nature of negotiable c3rtificates, which the Gov­ teriorDepartme;t, a prompt repl.Y ?arne, to which I wish to c~ll ernment of the United States received in payment of the pur­ the attention of the Senate. This IS the letter of the Comm1s- chase price of its land. The result was, that under that system sioner of the General Land Office: of special deposits surveys were made in amount exceeding DEP.ARl'MENT OF THE INTERIOR, GENERAL LAND OFFICE, $1,000,000 per annum. So in the five years beginning With 1880 Washington, IJ. G., May~. 1892• and closing with 1884, I find by this system alone soille $5,813,368 sm: I am in receipt, by departmental reference of April 27, 1892, for r~ d d · th f th bl. 1 d kin ill port of a copy of Senate bill (S. 2918) "to provide for the survey of public were ex pen e In e survey o e pu IC an s rna g' as w lands in the State of washington." Said bill was referred to the Depn.rt- be seen, one million and nearly two hundred thousand dollars ment by the chairman of the Senate Committee on Public Lands, with are- per annum in addition to the regular annual appropriation oi quest for the views thereon of the Department. f $350 000 Said bill provides, in effect, for the appropriation of the sum of $200,000, ~o an average o ' · be immediately available, the same to be eX})ended for surveys of the publiC There were abuses no doubt under that system, but it resulted lands in the State of Washington at rates of mileage not exceeding the mini· in extended surveys. It resulted in enabling many States of the mum ($9 $1 $5) and the special maximum ($25, $23, $20) for the standard and U · t 1 te th · d h 11 th 1 d · co meander, township, and section lines, respectively; the latter rates to apply nion o comp e eir surveys an ave a e an sIn a n- only to lands that are heavily timbered, mountainous, or covered with dense dition subject to appropriation and disposition by the General undergrowth. Said sum to be e~ended under the direction of the Secre- Government. t3fl~~:h~t~~~~ded in said bill that of the sum herein appropriated an But the 1?-eW: States ?f the Union, t.he remote States, were not amount not exceeding $40,000 may be eX})ended for examinations of said pub- the beneficiaries of thiS system. This was before the day of the lie surveyf!, to te.st the. accuracy of the~ork and for thenecessaryomcework Iextension of the railroads into our n ew States. This was before in connectiOn With said surveys. th f St te Th · ns s s of money In reply I have the honor to report that in view of the fact that the ena- e a am·ISSIOn · o ou~ ~ew a s. ese Imme e um bling act ot February 22, 1889, admitting the State of Washin~ton into the went to other locah~Ies and to other parts of the Government. Union, ~onated.lands aggregating 868,opo acres for public buildings, State ' Immediately following upon this system, and at the time when university, agri~tural college, scientific and normal scho91s, an~ .state our States had the railroads extended to them and when emi- charitable, educatwnal, penal, and reformatory institutiC?ns, m ~ditlon.to . . . . ' . the school-land grant of sections 16 and 36 in each township, and mdemmty gratwn on a gigantlC scale began to move mto these regwns a selections connected with said school s~ctions, it is ~pp~re~t that an early radically different system was adopted. The special deposit s'!lrvey of the public lands in said State 1~ nec~ssary m order that the requi· system was practically repealed and annulled, and ha.; cut no Site selections may be made before the remaining unsurveyed lands shall . h f th bl' l d . th t d t Th have been settled upon. figure In t e surveys o e pu lC an s smce a a e. e The apportionments made to the State of Washington of the app1·op~a - annual appropriations were greatly r educed, going down to $100,­ tions for public surveys for the last past ~nd the present fiscal years aggte- 000 and even $50 000 for two or three years with rates so low gate $149,000 ($85,000 and $64,000}, all of which amounts have been and will be ' ' , ' . ~mbraced in awarded and approved contracts for surveys within said State that even those amounts nad to be covered back mto the Treas· in compliance with the te~ of the acts making said appropriation gi':ing ury in a number of the Western or Pacific Slope States; and par­ preference to lands occupied by bona :fid~s e ttlers. Although said apportiOn- t'cularly was that true in thA State which I have the honor in ments were by the terms ofthe actsappllcableto the survey of lands granted ·I • to the State of Washington by the act of February 22, 1889, it does not ap· par~ to represent. pear that to the present date the State has made an.Y formal application to But Mr President we have still the other fact that the gen· this omce for surveys in connection with said selectwns, and the apportion· ' · ' . . ' f f .. plents were consequently expended in the survey of lands occupied by actual erous system of appropriatwn had been cut off; that or our or settlers, thus leavmgthe lands to be surveyed for State purposes to be here- five years preceding the admission of those States they practi- af~ll{eoJ%~~:~tion to the State or washington isannua.Uyincrea.singand cally had been without appropriatio~s fo~ th.e survey of their the demand for lands for settlement purposes is yearly growing larger, it is lands. We add to that the fact that In thlS time of n e e~ great obvious that the interests of the State in the matter of said selections should systems of transportation were opened out, and means of Ingress be p:rotected and a s~cial appropriation made for that purpose, and in· into that part of the country were afforded so that population clue made, hi order that the State .of Washingt:education, philanthropy, and all the with the proportionate increase, as I understand he suggests, and objects that Congress designs they should be possessed of, yet that the proposed amendment standing in the bill at this time in impotent to avail themselves of these royal grants. Our large regard to the survey of the public lands lying within the limits expectations through the failure of surveys must prove a delu­ of land grants shall not be affected, I think I can say that I am sion and a mockerf:. The Public Land Committee have sought willing to accept the proposition. to formulate some plan whereby these grants may be secured to Mr. ALLISON. I will say to the Senator respecting the large the States, without obstructing and wronging the actual bona amount expended for surveys between 1880 and 1884, that that fide settler. Their idea is the States must take their chances large expenditure was made, 8S the Senator so well stated awhile

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1992. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE. 5881

ago, under the deposit system; and we are now confronted else· suggested, but I do not think it follows precisely that because where witb the suggestion that there are 140,000,000 acres we increase one amount we should correspondingly increase the of surveyed lands which are unoccupied. A great portion of other, b h ear the Senator make that state­ amendment offered by the Senator from Iowa also. I do not ment. He will a ~ so bear in mind that in the surveys of the lands want to do anything that will embarrass the collection of taxes ' for which there is an actual and pressing demand in a number here upon a just and equitable basis, but I am compelled to go of the States the cost of the survey has been very greatly in­ upon the information I have. In the report of the committee of creased over that of the surveys of open lands upon the plains. the House of Representatives, on page 20, the Senator from Iowa The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Idaho will find that in 1889, and that is the assessment he proposes to modify the amendment so as to fix the amount at $450,000? adopt now in this amendment- Mr. SHOUP. I accept the modification. Mr. ALLISON. On what page? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will report the Mr. VEST. On pag~ 20 of the report on the assessment of amendment to the amendment as modified. taxes in the District of Columbia, House Report No. 1469, Fifty­ The SECRETARY. Strikeout in line9, before t~ word ' 1 thou­ second Congress. It says: sand," the words ''three hundred and seventy-fi~e" and insert Assessed value of a.ll the taxable land and impro\Tements in the District or. "four hundred and fifty;" so as to read: · ColumbiafOl' the fiscal year ending .'Jlme 30, 1892: For surveys and resurveys of public lands, $450,000, at rates not exceeding Land ______.... __ ...... ______.... ____ .•...... $76, 451,028 ~9 per linear mile for standard and meander lines, $7 for township, and $5 for Improvements...... 69,030,250 section lines. Total ...... __ ...• ______.... ____ ------______145, 481,278 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the amendment to the amendment as modified. Mr. MILLS. I will ask the Senator if he is now discussing The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. the amendments on pages 52 and 53 of the bill? The amendment as amended was agreed to. Mr. VEST. On pages 52 and 53, I think. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment Mr. MILLS. There wa3 a point of- order made against that of the Committee on Appropriations was, on page 60, line 19, amendment. · after the word "agriculture," to insert" lands valuable for coal;" Mr. VEST. There is a point of order against it, but I was ... so as to make the proviso read: simply stating my objection to the last amendment, to which the Provided, That in expending this appropriation preference sha.ll be given point of order also applies: in favor of surveying townships occupied, in whole or in part, by actual set­ The new assessment being 160 per cent more on land and 7 per cent more tlers and of lands granted to the States by the act approved February 22.1889, on improvements than the old assessment, the probable assessed value for and the acts approved July 3 and July 10, 1890, and other surveys shall be con­ the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, assuming that the board of equalization fined to lands adapted to agriculture, lands valuable for coal, and lines of re~­ make no increase, Will be as follows: ervations,except that the Commissioner of the General Land Office may allow, Land ...... •...... •...... • $198,772,672 for the survey of lands heavily timbered, mountainous, or covered with dense Improvements...... 73, 862,367 undergrowth, rates not exceeding $13 per linear mile for standard and mean· der lines. $11 for township, ani $7 for section lines, etc. . Total ...••...... _...... ____ ...... 272,635,040 The amendment was agreed to. The true land value according to this report, on page 21, is The next amendment was, on page 61, after the words "sec­ $423,000,000, and improvements$73,000,000, making $500,000,000, tion lines," at the end of line 61, to insert: instead of $272,635,000, the probable assessment for 1893, and And for the extension of the seventh standard parallel north, in the State $145,481,278, which was the actual asses·sment. I have read that of Montana, from iLs present western terminus, as provided for in surveying contract numbered 256, being the south west corner of township 29 north, to accentuate what I R3.id yesterday in ragard to the extraordi­ range 2:1 west, westward to the western boundary of said State, the Secre­ nary and arbitrary and utterly indefensible assessments in this tary of the Interior m ay allow a rate not exceeding $40 per linear mile. District. Here is a difference between $272,000,000 aud $500,000,- The amendment was agreed to. 000; and if you take the assessment which is now proposed to be Mr. ALLEN. I move, inline21, to strikeouttheword "forty," adopted by the Senator from Iowa, the difference would ba be­ before "thousand," and insert "seventy-five." I think the tween $145,481,258 and nearly $500,000,000. amount of $75,000 should be inserted there, and for the reason Mr. ALLISON. Will the Senator yield to m'3 for just a mOe which I shall state. ment? It will be noticed that when the other House placed the Mr. VEST. Certainly._ amount ol the field work at $200,000 tb ey placed the amount of this Mr. ALLISON. I do not propose that any assessmen t shall • ·other work to correspond with it at $40;000, so that for every be adopted. My suggestion is that if the assessment just IJ?.ade $100,000 of work done in the field $20,000 of work is required to is to be revised by any process whatever, in order to make such bring it up. The Senate should increase the amomit to corre­ revision it will go beyond November 1, when taxes are col­ spond with the amendment in the first instance, and to carry it lected, and therefore unless taxes are collected under the exist­ to $75,000 keeps it within the proportion established by the ing valuat?;l,n there will b3 no taxes collecte:l on the 1st day of Hou ~ e of Representatives in the bill as it passed that body. November. Unless the assessment which the Senator from Mis­ Mr. ALLISON. I, of course, will not object to the amendment souri che.racterizes as an unjust assessment, the facts about which

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·- 5882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

I know nothing, is to go on without revision and form the basis very great importance that the£o two amendments should pass of the taxes collected on the 1st of November, there will b 3 no at this time. taxes collected on that day unless the amendment I propose is Mr. MITCHELL. May I ask the Senator a question? adopted. Mr. McMILLAN. Certainly. Mr. VEST. Or unless some other legislation is had. Mr. MITCHELL. I wish to inquire if the Committee on the Mr. ALLISON. But what other legislation is possible, I will District of Columbia made an investigation of the existing law ask the Senator, to revise taxation in the District of Columbia as to w.b.ether the rate of taxation is absolutely fixed at H per between now and the 1st of November? I propose simply that, cent, or whether that is simply the maximum beyond which the in view of the criticisms made upon the assessment and in view Commissioners may not go? of the fact that it seems to be conceded. that there should be a Mr. McMILLAN. I referred that matter to the attorney for revisory power, the District shall not be without funds gathered the District of Columbia, and he bas reported that there are two together by means of taxation on the 1st day of November, and laws on the subject; that the two laws conflict in some way; and therefore, in conversation with the Commissioners of the District that the result of the two is that they can not charge any less of Columbia, I asked them to prepare some amendment that than H per cent. They can not fix the rate at auv more than would continue the system of assessment until the new assessment one and a half, and they can not fix i t at any less. · could be revised. Mr. MITCHELL. It has been absolutely fixed at one and a Mr. FAULKNER. On the present basis? h~? . Mr. ALLISON. On the present ba.sis. Therefore, whilst that Mr. McMILLAN. • It has been absolutely fixed. That is the may be ineffectual and insufficient, it is better to hav~ the pres­ difficulty. This amendment simply places it so that whatever ent bn.sis than no basis at all, I submit to the Senator from Mis­ is needed for the wants of the District of Columbia shall be at a souri, and that is all I mean by my amendment. rate of taxation to be fixed in accordance with that need. It may Mr. VEST. With that explanation of course I will not make te 1 per cent, it may be H per cent, or whatever rate may be the point of order against the last amendment, because I do not required to raise the money appropriated by Congress. If that want to deprive the District of Columbia of its tax money; but I is not done, there will be two or three million dollars raised by do make the -point of order as tQ the rest of the proposed amend­ taxation only to lie idle in the Treasury. It is to avoid any such ment. difficulty that this amendment was proposed. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Will the Senator from Missouri be .1\:Ir. MITCHELL. It is to obviate the difficulty arising from good enough to state his point of order again? a rate fixed inflexibl~ at H per cent? Mr. VEST. Thepointof order is that it is general legislation, Mr. McMILLAN. That is it exactly. I hope the pointof or­ and then I understand also, though I know nothing personally

4. 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5883 trict you still would be compelled to assess the tax H per cent, Washington or even the knowledge of a Senator to indicate to and ra:U!e three times or four t.imes as much money as is needed. a man of sense that that process is an impossibility between I do not see any escape from that. now and the 1st of November. Therefore something must be Mr. VEST. That is "Very true, and that accentuates what I done. undertook to say yesterday. We are legislating in the dark upon If it is wiser and bettor to proclaim that no taxes shall be col­ this question, and the probabilities are that we shall make bad lected in this District until this assessment is revised and if work. Although I am a property-owner here to a small extent, some Senator will make that, motion, I am willing to test the I know nothing about this question. I simply know I was noti­ question with him, but that we are to stand in this condition of fied within the last two weeks that my assessment was put up not revising these taxes and not collecting money to take away about two-thirds, and I knew very well that my property had the garbage, and to provide for the police and the other neces­ not advanced in value in any such ratio. sary expenditures of this District is an absurdity to my mind, Mr. WOLCOTT. May I interrupt the Senator? which is unworthy of serious debate in this body, notwithstand­ Mr. VEST. Certainly. ing the letter read here by the Senator from Missouri from this Mr. WOLCOTT. I should like to say to the Senator from respectable committee from East Washington with the name of Missouri that if his assessment has been increased but one-third Mr. Weller at the head of it. he has suffered less than any other property-holder in the Dis­ Mr. VEST. 1\ir. President, there is not the slightest neces­ trict I know oi. sity for any feeling about the matter. It is a pure, simple ques­ Mr. VEST. So I understand. tion of adjusting the taxes in this District. Mr. WOLCOTT. There have been instances where the a£sess­ I withdrew the point of order to the last amendment proposed ment of property has been increased threefold. and where prop­ by the Senator from Iowa, under his statement that that amend­ erty has been assessed far above its market value, far above the ment was neces3ary for collecting the taxes for this year, so that price it would bring, not at a forced sale, but after careful ad ver­ a large part of what he has said was utterly inapplicable. tisement and attempts to sell. In some way great and iniquitous The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair understands that the ·. injustice ha3 baen committed upon the property-holders of this point of order is withdrawn. District, and for no purpose. Mr. VEST. As to the last amendment. But I venture to suggest to the Senator that under this amend­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. As to the last amendment. ment as prin~d in the bill no harm can come, that only the best Mr. VEST. I want to deal in facts, because I have iniorma­ • citizens will be apt to serve as a board of appeal. They are to tion that this increase of taxes and this injustice in the assess­ serve without compensation; they are people who will be en­ ment applies to F street alone, and I call attention to this state­ tirely impartial in this matter, and out of it all everybody whose ment. This is not an anonymous communication. It is signed ~roperty has been wrongfully assessed may find remedy; whereas by gentlemen, two of whom I know very well. It is signed by if you continue the old assessment of 1889 you simply tide over M. I. Weller, A. F. Sperry, Dr. William B. French, Duncan S. for the present upon an old and probably inequitable assessment, Walker, Thomas W. Smith, H. L. West,.and H. L. Bryan. Two a system of taxation which is not just, but simply partially of them I know very well to be entirely reputable men and men bridges over a difficulty; whereas if this amendment goes through of property here. we shall reach ess~ntia1 justice to all parties. At Fourteenth and G streets, block 223, in lot 1, the assess­ M::.·. VEST. I beg the Senator's pardon. It is evident he has ment in 1889 is $2.75 a square foot and thelotsoldfor$23.50. On not understood me. the corner of G and Eleventh streets, the assessment is $2 a Mr. WOLCOTT. I could not hear the Senator's suggestion. square foot, and the committee say that the property is cheap at Possibly I did not understand him. $25 a square foot, and so on. On another corner of Eleventh Mr. VEST. The last amendment of the Senator from Iowa and G, diagonally across, the assessment is $2 a square foot and adopts the assessment of 1889. the property is cheap at $25 a square foot. I merely cite these Mr. ALLISON. Will the Senator yield to me for a moment? instances to show the manifest injustice of these assessments and Mr. VEST. Yes. that the system under which the District is now collecting taxes Mr. ALLISON. After the letter read by the Senator from is absolutely wrong. Missouri in my hearing, indicating the enormity of this propo­ It is proposed in this assessment to have a board of assessors, sition of mine, and saying that the scheme is agiganticrobbery, or an appeal board, who are to be volunteers selected from the I will modify my amendment, with the leave of the Senator, so citizens of the District, and who are to perform their services as to make it apply to one-half of the fiscal year 1893, covering without pay. Mr. President, I do not believe that that will give the November collection, which was all I intended to cover. us any remedy. My experience in this District during the last Then what-ever robbery there is will only last six months instead twelve years satisfies me that those citizens will be appointed, of twelve. not with any knowledge on the part of the people of the District The Senate will indulge me in just one word further. I have at large, but under the active influence which controls affairs no doubt that the assessment of 1889, as respects certain portions here in the administration of the District. of this city, does great injustice to other portions of the city, My object is simply, if I can, ta secure the adoption of the from the fact, which we all know, that in certain portions of House bill, which will come to us in the early partofnextweek, this city real estate has advanced very rapidly, notably on F and which I have before me on my desk, and the system in that street, where the Senator from Missouri indicates that a piece bill, the result of three months' investigation by honest, pains­ of property which is assessed there under the assessment of 1889 taking, and disinterested men. The systemadopted in that bill at tiil2 a square foot is worth probably $50 or $60. is the only one, in my judgment, which will meet these evils, Mr. FRYE. And has probably increased to that extent. and. that is a court with a regular officer appointed as attorney Mr. ALLISON. ~1\.nd probably has increased to that extent. representing the Government, who will resist all applications to But that does not cure the trouble which exists; the difficulty decrease assessments and who will advocate, whenever his duty is that here are three assessors who have gone over this District dictates that he should do it, the increase of assessments. Dntil with the utmost care. I do not know myself whether they have we approach this question in a systematic, deiiberate, and busi­ done injustice or justice to the owners of property in this Dis­ nesslike way, there will be no relief. Underthepresent system trict; I ha\e not examined the question. I know one of these gen­ these three assessors get $2,500 a year each. tlemen to be a highly intelligent citizen of this District; I have Mr. ALLISON. But their terms expire on the 1st of January. known him for a good many years. He was formerly the Libra­ Mr. VEST. I do not propose to interfere with this year's as­ rian of the Senate. He is an intelligent man, and I believe an sessment, but if the bill which is to come from the House shall honest man. I do not want to condemn him or his associates, be passed, then the court ~ill come into existence, with a judge whom I do not know. Here is a complaint, however, that this and an attorney, with no increase of expensA. On the contrary, assessment does injustice. there will be a diminution of $1,000, for the salary of the judge What shall be done in that case? Shall there be no appeal and of the attorney would amount to $6,500, instead of $7,500 from the decision of these three assessors? There is an appeal which is now paid out. from the assessors in every township, every county, and every Then every citizen could go regularly into that court and pre­ State in the United States outside of the city of \iVashington. sent his case, and he would be met by an officer of the Govern­ Somebody ought to have the right of appeal or the revision of ment, instead of the present system, under which property worth the judgment of these three men. But we are here in July. $40 and $50 a square foot is assessed at $2 and $3. The burdens What is that revision? If one taxpayer is entitled to that re­ of taxation would then rest where they should, upon property­ vision, every taxpayer in this city is entitled to it. It is mani­ owners of the whole District according to valuation.

fest that that provision can not b3 made between July and No­ Mr. President, there is one rule iq regard taxation, and it is1 vember, and the revision transcribed on the books of the collec­ that it should be measured by the protection given by the Gov­ tor of taxes of this District so as to sscure collection on the first ernment upon just valuation to the property. The complaintin of November. this District to-day, and you hear it everywhere, and it is put It does not require a committee from the eastern district of here in this report with actual specific figures O\er the names 5884 -coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

of I'eputable men-is that property worth $1,000 is assessed at This amendment, therefore, gives to the Commissioners tha $1,000 and property worth $100,000 is assessed at $5,000. Is that power to fix annually the rate of taxation based upon. the ex· right? As a matter of course, the statement of the proposition penditures :fixed by Congress. is a sufficient answer to it. It has a wise provision in it. It says the maximum sum, how· If the point of order is sustained and this amendment is ever, shaH not exceed $1.50 for the municipality and $1.25 for stl'icken out, we can then take the result of the labora of this the territory outside of the boundary lying within the District committee, which has gone onfor three months and pass a bill of Columbia, which is, of course, not receiving the banefits of a which will meet the enormous evils now prevailing in the Dis­ municipal government and should not bear the same amount of trict of Columbia. its burdens. The maximum is fixed, but the minimum is not Mr. FAULKNER. Mr. President, it strikes me that almost determined, that being left in the discretion of the Commis· every argument submitted by the Senator from Missouri [Mr. sioners. VEST] is in favor of the adoption of the amendment suggested Then comes the third provision of the amendment, whioh, ac­ by the Co~mittee on Appropriations. All the inequalities! asi cording to the views of every Senator expressed here on the floor understand from him, ref..erred to in · the report which he has to-day, is an exceedingly important provision. Admitting that rean to the Senate, are not inequalities growing out of the re­ the point of order of the oenator from Missouri has been with­ cent assessment, but inequalities growing out of the assessment drawn, that does not solve this difficulty. The amendment as of 1889, which will now be superseded by the recent ass ~ ssment, to which the point of order is withdrawn limits the right of fix­ made under laws subsequently passed by Congress. It strikes ing the rate of taxation on the basis of the assessment of 188i} for me, therefore, that every argument, every fact which the Sena­ one-half of the year. What is to become, then, of the balance of tor has presented to the Senate, is an argument in f.~vor of the the period? Here is an a c: sessment made by virtue of the author­ adoption of the committee's amendment. ity of Congress. That assessment is bound to be the basis of This amendment is exceedingly important from one or two taxation for the other half of the year, unless Congress changes standpoints. I do not know whether the Senator from MisEouri the law now. is aware of the fact ~that under the existing law in this District But the Senator from Mist.ouri says there is no difficulty about there is no discretionary power whatever in the Commissioners this matter; that the House has taken three months to deliber· in reference to the rate of taxation: that the ram of taxation is ate upon the formulation of a bill which, in the judgment of the :fixed for Washington and Georgetown at $1.50 on the $100 and Senator from Missouri, is a most admirable scheme for taxation for the territory outside of the boundaries of the cities at $1.25. within the District. Mr. President, if the House has taken Under legal advica of the attorney of the District the Commis­ thrae months to delib3rate upon a scheme and formulate it, and sjoners have been advised and instructed that they have no dis­ it is anticipated that the Senate will adjourn on the 20th day of cretionary power in reference to the rate of taxation whatever; July, I suppose the proposi'tion•of the Senator is that we arl3to that although they may realize from an examination of the asses­ accept the bill of the House by reason of theil· thre.3 months' de­ sors' returns that the rate of taxation at $1.50 would bring in a liberation, without any consideration by the Senate. revenue to the treasury of this District millions of dollars beyond Mr. VEST. Not at all. its needs or its wants, they would have no power whatever to Mr. :B'AULKNER. If there is one thing which I think the lower the rate of taxation. Senate has been noteu for during the last two years, it is that it That being the legal position of the question so far as the is a delib3rative body, and, so far as I am concerned, I hope it I ~ power to fix the rate of taxation is concerned, the Committeeon will preserve that characteristic. If it has taken the period of time the District of Columbia and the Committee on Appropriations named for the House to deliberate upon the bill, it strikes me were confronted with the fact that under the new assessment, that it will take more time than from now until the 20th day of which has been made during the present year, the amount of July for the Senate to deliberate upon it; but realizing the fact the assessable value of property has been doubled in the District. that complaint has been made in refet'ence to the increase of the They saw at once, therefore, that if this rate of taxation of $1.50 assessed vulue of property in this District, realizing the fact, as on the $100 was a matter over which the Commissioners had no the Senator from Iowa fMr. ALLISON] has well said, that there discretion and that if it was imposed upon the basis of that valu­ is not another city within the limits of the United States or a ation the District of Columbia would have a surplus in its treas­ county or a State within this American Union which has notthe ury amounting to over $2,000,000 beyond its needs and its wants. right of appeal in reference to assessments to the body which Of course, the result of that would be that this surplus fund :fixes the rate of assessment in the county, we have provided being in the treasury, somebody would want to get it out, and here that five gentlemen, citizens of this District, shall be con­ those who would want to get it out would want to get 50 per cent stituted by the President a board of appeal, who shall themselves also out of the United States Treasury, as that is the basis upon revise, or at the request of any citizen of this District shall revise, which we make appropriations for all the needs and wants of the the assessment made by the board of assessors, who have been District of Columbia. . engaged during the last four or :five months in assessing the We then realized that it was necessary that something should property in the District. What are we to do without such a be done at once and the Committee on the District of Columbia board? How can we get along without it? How can we give formulated this amendment, which was adopted by the Commit­ satisfaction to the people in this District? And yet the point tee-on Appropriations. of order of the Senator from Missouri goes to every one of the The amendment firat requires that every year there shall be three propositions which I have discussed here. made out an estimate of expenditures by the Commissioners and If the point of order should be sustained by the Chair or by that that estimate shall be submitted to the Secretary of the the Senate, then each one of these important and essential mat· . Treasury. That is a new provision to which I desire to call the ters affecting the interests of these people would b3 left to the attentiOn of Senators. Heretofore the estimates of the District uncertainty of passing a new scheme of taxation originating of Columbiahave never been submitted, as I understand, to the after one hundred and sixteen years of our history, which has Secretary of the Treasury for his revision. The amendment re­ met the approval of some of the gentlemen in the ·other Hous13 quires them to make out an itemized account of all exper1ditures and seems to meet with the favor of some in the Senate. and to submit that account to the Secretary of the Treasury to On the point of order, Mr. Pre3ident, I do not know that un­ enable him. to revise and consider each item, and then on the der the third clause of the sixteenth rule the point of order is basis of the allowanca by the Secretary of the Treasury in along well taken. This may be termed to some extent general legis­ session of Congress they would have aright to make a levy based lation, but that rule provides, first, that general legislation shall upon what in their judgment, fixing a certain rate of taxation, not be permitted on appropriation bills. It then goes on to would bring an amount of taxes equal to the sum they demand recognize the fact that there is a class of legislation which may and the allowance of the Secretary of the Treasury. In a short be relevant to the subject of legislation which is proper upon ap· session that would not be necessary. The appropriation bill propriation bills. So guarded is that rule in reference to the would be passed before the 1st day of April, and that fixing the rights of the Senate-to act upon that question that the rule de· actual amount of expenditures, would enable the Commissioners clares that the question of the relevancy of any amendment shall "before the 1st day of July to fix the rate of taxation in accord­ ba submitt-ed to the Senate, and not decided by the Chair. dance with the expenditures under that appropriation bill, so I have known frequent instances in the short period of time I that the District could meet its 50 per c2nt under the assessment have been a member of the Senate, where a question of doubt then levied. even on a point of order, which is clearlywithin the jurisdiction 'l'he next provision of this amendment gives to the Commis­ of the Chair to decide, even in a case of that sort, in the exercise sioners a discretionary power to :fix the rate of taxation to meet of the right which every parliamentary body gives to its pre­ the expenditures annually in this District. Is there a Senator siding officer, and which is recognized in the rules of this body, who knows of a single county, of a single State in this Union, in the Chair bas submitted the question to the Senate for it~ de­ which the :fiscal authorities of that Stat~ or county have not the cision. power annually or biennially, as may be required by law, to This is a question, I think, which should be submitted to the change and fix the rate of taxation based upon the assessment Senate to decide as to whether it is in order or as to whether it and the returns and the expenditures of that county or State? is not in order. I feel that if that is done, there can be but one

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. 1892. .""' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5885

view and one decision by this body in the interest of the people noes seem to have it, the noes have it, and the point of order is of the District of Columbia. overruled. Mr. VEST. Mr. President, a single word with regard to the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question recurs on agreeing point of order. I never aspired to be a parliamentarian, but if to the amendment. there is a parliamentarian here-and I know a great many Sen­ The amendment was agreed to. ators who pride themselves upon their parliamentary knowl­ Mr. VEST. Mr. President, gs the Senator from Florida [Mr. e!ige-who will undertake to say that this is not general legisla­ CALL], who is a member of the Committee on Appropriations, tion, then I shall submit to the inevitable result which I have has suggested, I think there ought to be a provision in the known to occur here frequently, that all parliamentary rules are amendment for the Government to be represented before the brushed aside in order to let the Senate do what it wishes. proposed board of appeals. It is not my amendment, but I think The pretext-for it is nothing else-that this question should there ought to be somebody there to represent the Government, be submitted to the Senate is simply to get rid of the rule. All which pays one-half the taxes of the District. of us know that it is a violation of the rule. If this is not gen­ Mr. ALLISON. I submitted a modification of this amend­ eral legislation, to establish a new tribunal to hear appeals ment, providing that it should only apply to one-half of the year, from .assessors, I should be obliged to some Senator with a lively but I am told by Senators who have investigated that question imagination to tell me what is new legislation. Here is a stat­ that the assessment must apply to the whole of the year. When ute de novo incorporated into an appropriation bill, creating a this new valuation comes in it will of course supersede the old, body which never existed before, and yet the Senator from West and can then apply to the second half of the current year. I Virginia [Mr. FAULKNER] says that that ought to be submit­ will therefore withdraw my modification. t ed to the Senate to determine whether it is in order or not. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The modification is withdrawn. Let us be frank with each other. If we propose to trample The question is, as the Chair understands, on the amendment down the rule in order to do what we want to do, let us do it, but submitted yesterday by the Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLISON], do not let us do it under the miserable pretense that we are ob­ to which he made a modification, but that modification having serving the rule, for we are doing nothing of the kind. been withdrawn. the amendment as it now stands will be re- As to the time, and the argument which is made by the Sena­ ported. · tor that this is a deliberative body, this body deliberates when The CHIEF CLERK. At the end of line 19, on page 53, it is it does not want to act, but when it does want to act it is about proposed to add the following proviso: as rapid an institution as I have ever known. I have seen Provided further, That the triennial assessment made in the year 1889, pur­ suant to the act of March 3, 1883, is hereby continued in force for the fiscal bills passed through here which appropriat-ed millions of dollars year ending June 30, 1893, and all taxes for said fiscal year ending June 30, which were not considered thirty minutes. Congress will not 1893, shall be levied a.nd collected upon the basis of said assessment, a.ny adjourn on the 20th of this month, and every Senator here knows other law to the contrary notwithstanding. it. There will be plenty of time to consider the bill from the The amendment was agreed to. . House to which I have referred when it comes here. All I ask The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of is that we shall systemize the collection of taxes in this District the Committee on Appropriations was, on page 62, after line 9, and not indulge in such legislation, which amounts to a lot of to insert: makeshifts from one session of Congress to another, instead of For the survey of the public lands lyin~ within the limits of land grants doing the thing upon the proper basis and for good reasons. made by Congress to aid in the constructiOn of railroads, and the selection therein of such lands as are granted therefor, to enable the Secretary of the Mr. CALL. Mr. President, upon the question propounded by Interior to carry out the provisions of section 1 of the act of March 3, 1887, the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] upon the point of order, entitled "An act to provide for the adjustment of land grants made by Con­ it seems to me very clear that the Senate can not make any rule gress to aid in the construction of railroads and for the forfeiture of un­ earned lands, and for other purposes," being chapter 376 of volume 24 of the which will deprive it of its constitutional power, and it was never Statutes at Large, page 556, $250,0CO: Provided, That any portion of said sum intended that any rule should be so construed. expended for surveying such lands shall be reimbursed by the respective It seems equally clear that the Senate has an unquestionable companies or parties in interest for whose benefit the lands are granted, ac­ cording to the provisions of the act of July 15, 18i0, chapter 292, volume 16, power, inherent in itself, to amend any act which comes from pages 305 and 306, and act of July 31, 1876, chapter 246 of volume 19, pa.ge 121, tbe other House to this body. That is a necessity of legislation; of the Statutes at Large, requiring "that before any lands granted to any and that amendment must correspond entirely with the discre­ railroad company shall be conveyed to such'compa.ny or any persons entitled thereto under any of the acts incorporating or relating to said company, un­ tion and judgment of the Senate. It can not be limited. No rule less said companv is excepted by law from the payment of such cost, there of the Senate can say that the Senate shall not amend a bill which shall first be paid into the Treasury of the United States the cost of survey­ comes from the other House. To say that would be to say that ing, selecting, and conveying the same, by the said company or persons in it shall not consider it, when, by the Constitution, the very ob­ interest." ject of the Senate is to consider, alter, and amend, as its judg­ The amendment was agreed to. ment may demand, the action of the other House. The next amendment was, to strike out the clause from line How can a rule of the Senate say, if such amendment be orig­ 19, on page 63, to line 2, on page 6-!, inclusive, as follows: For survey of the extension of the northern boundary of Nebraska, being inal legislation changing existing law, that you shall not exer­ that part of the forty-third pitrallel of north latitude east of the Key a Pata cise that function? So I conceive that, under a proper interpre­ River and west of the middle of the main channel of the Missouri River, as tation of the rule, it does not mean to affirm that the Senate shall provided in the act of Congress entitled "An act to extend the northern not so amend an act of the other House as to change existing boundary"of th~ State of Nebraska," approved March 28, 1882; estimated law and make original or new legislation. distance, 57 miles, at $36 dollars per mile, $2,052. Mr. President, in regard io the provision of this amendment The amendment was agreed to. which the Committee on Appropriations inserted in this bill, it The next amendment was, on page 64:, after line 2, to insert: To enable the Secretary of the In t~rior to cause to be surveyed and dis· seemed to the committee that these five appraisers would be· as tinctly marked by suitable monuments that portion of the boundary line be­ honest and as capable as any court or any judge. All the sug­ . tween the State of Nebraska and the State of South Dakota. which lies west gestions of the Senator from Missouri may be met by his moving of the Missouri River, $20,000. an amendment to this provision to the effect that the Government The amendment was agreed to. -...... ' shall be represented before this board of appraisers in all cases The next amendment was, on page 64, after line 7, to insert: of appeal. For surveying the standard, meander, exterior, and subdivisional lines This seems to be the essence of his objection to the merits of within the Crow Indian Reservation in ~ontana , $15,000. the amendment, that the Government ought to be r epresented The amendment was agreed to. in every case of appeal. That may as well be done before this The next amendment was, in the appropriations for 11 United board as before a single judge or a single appointee. It is not a St11tes Geological Survey," on page 64, after lina 19, to insert: judicial function. It is a function which can be performed just F or one paleontologis t, $4,000. as well by the citizen, the business man, and even better than by For one paleontologist, ~.ooo. any judicial officer. So I suggest t 0 the Senator from Missouri The amendment was agreed to. that his object can be attained by moving an additional amend­ The next amendment was, on pa?.e 65, line 5, to increase the ment to the amendment to the effect that the Government shall total amount of the appropriation ' for salaries of the scientific be represented in all cases of appeal. assistants of the Geological Survey" from '' $61,700" to ''$67,700." The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Missouri [Mr. The amendment was agreed to. _ . VEST] makes the point of order that the amendment proposes The next amendment wa.s, in the appropriations "for general generalle,g-islatibn. This bill makes appropriations out of the expenses of the Geological Survey," on page 65, line 22, before District of Columbia funds, and the amendment relates to the the word "thousand,': to insert" and ten; " so as to read: For geological surveys in the various portions of the United States, $110,- rate and method of taxation to meet said expendituras. The 000. Chair is of the opinion that the question of relevancy is also in­ The amendment was agreed to. volved, and he, therefore, under authority of section 3 of Rule The next amendment was, in the same clause, on page 65, line XVI, submits the point of order to the Senate for its decision. 22, after the word "dollars," to strike out: The question is whether the point of order raised by the Sena­ Provided, That after the 1st day of July, 1892, the Geological Survey shall tor from Missouri is well taken. [Putting the question.] The not expend any money for paleontological work or researches.

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5886 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

Mr. VEST. I should like to ask the chairman of the commit­ this Government that we have done better than any government ' tee why that proviso is stricken out? in the world in fostering education and science. o Mr. ALLISON. The Senator will see that in the House no While we may not be able to place a market value on a new appropriation was made for paleontology, and the Senate Com­ discovery or on scientific research, there certainly is no harm in it mittee on Appropriations and now the SenatB have reinserted if the Geological Survey comes across things in its regular surveys the provisions respecting paleontology which wera in previous which are supposed to be of some commercial benefit to the coun­ acts. try ultimately. There are no abler men in the world engaged l\fr. VEST. Does the Senator think in the present condition in that study than the men employed by this Government in of the Tr.easury that there is any burning necessity for paleon­ these r esear ches, and I beg the Senate to reserve these r eforma­ tological work in this country? t ory measures until next winter, when there will be an oppor­ Mr. ALLISON. I do not think the necessity is veryburning, tt:nity to have an inquiry into the subject if desired. although the Director of the Geological Survey states that pal­ Mr. WOLCOTT. I should like to ask the Senator from Con­ eontology is the foundation of all geological surveying, and with­ necticut if he thinks the public necessities will suffer if the val­ out this provision the work will be inoperative as respects the uable services of these two paleontologists are to be postponed Geological Survev. untilnext December? 1\Ir. VEST. I see in line 5, on page 65, the appropriation is Mr. HAWLEY. I do not know. We could knock $50,000,000 incPeased ''for three topographers at $2,000 each," from '' $61,700 '' off of the Government expenditures and the country would still to "$67,700." Again thereisan increase in line22, from$100,000 live. to $110,000 "for geological surveys in the various portions of the Mr. WOLCOTT. Then we ought to do it. United States." I want to say for one that I should t ake the very Mr. STEWART. Mr. President, I do not think this is a sub­ greatest pleasure as a Senator in striking out a good deal of this ject of any pressing necessity. I know we made afeebleattempt appropriation. I have thought-and it has grown upon me from some few years ago to inquire into this subject during the time , . year to year since my public service here-that there is no bureau of Lieut. Wheeler. At that time a very learned book was writ­ of this Government in which the expenditures are so unncessary ten on the very important subject of" Birds without Teeth." It as in regard to the Geological Bureau. It is composed doubtless was illustrated, beautifully illustrated, in a very costly mann~r; of very excellent gentlemen. I do not remember the cost; I called for a statement as to the I make nd personal r eflection upon their capacity; but it is cost, and think it was some three or four thousand dollars for within my perEOnal knowledge, for I have spent a good deal of each book. I can not state certainly, because my recollection is time in the West, that the officers of this Burea.u go out with not accurate about it. their camp equipage and their trains of mules and furnished It was gotten up by Prof. Marsh. It was an elegant book. with all the luxuries and accompaniments of genteeloutfits, and After Maj. Powell came in he employed Prof. Ma"fsh as one of spend the summer out in the mountains, where I have met them the specialists at a salary of $4,000, I think it was, and he repro­ frequently, engaged in just what I was doing, fishing and hunt­ .duced the same book, but it was transposed and new plates made, ing. I have never found myself called upon to make an official not so good as those in the first book; it was not near so nice a report of my expeditions either in the stream or in the forest, book as the first one, and not so well arranged. That 'was pub­ and if ever there have been any_ results from those expeditions lished at the expense of the Government. !have been unable, or possibly lam notscientifi.cenough, to have Now, the publishing of books in regard to birds or any other discovered them. animals, with or without teeth, is not of very much consequence I do not belong to that class of reformers who want to cut or value to th~ Government. I am opposed to that amendment. down necessary expenses; and without saying anything personal There are one or two other amendments I should like to have I am about as liberal in my votes for necessary appropriations as made, but I think this is perhaps as good a place to take the any Senator in this Chamber, but I am honestly of the opinion sense of the Senate on this subject as any other. that we pay too much money for this ornamental service, for it Mr. CALL. Mr. President, I am somewhat sw--prised at this is nothing else. If my learned colleagues-and there are some time at the inquiry made in an enlightened legislative body as gentlemen. here who are savants in the highest sense of the to the scientific value of geological, ethnological, and paleonto­ term-can point me to any practical result from the Geological logical researches. All the civilized world, all centers of edu­ Bureau I shall be glad to know what it is. It would remove a cation, all philosophies, all schools of learning, have accredited shadow from my intelligence which has rested there for some this investigation as being of great advantage to the progress time. of the human intellect, and to practical discoveries in relation If any Senator will be kind enough now, after all the money to the soil and the inhabitants who have preceded us upon the we have expended, to show me where the practical knowledge earth. Now, for us to say that it is not a matter of any conse­ of this country in regard to mineral deposits and paleontologi­ quence to know what has been the past history of the human cal work has been increased, so as to add one iota to the comfort race, or the earth's geological construction, and the future pos­ of the people or to the material wealth of the country, I will sibilities of human life upon this planet, is to assert a very re­ listen to him with the very greatest pleasure, and withdraw all markable proposition and one very far behind the progress oi I have said. But as the committee out of a sense of duty, which the age. I do not criticise, instead of diminishing these appropriations Now, Mr. President, from all the centers of learning in the has increased them all along the line, I think some explanation world, I can say to the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST], comes is due to the Senate. great praise for the progress of thes investigations made by this Mr. WOLCOTT. I should like to ask the Senator from Mis­ Geological Bureau. They pronounce him an ornament to science souri, if it is in order, why he does not move to strike out the and to our own country. item? It so happens that their opinions differ very widely from that Mr. VEST. I should move to strilce them all out. of the Senator from Nevada [Mr. STEWART] in reference to the Mr. WOLCOTT. Then I hope the Senator will move to strike merits of this officer and the operations of this Bureau. I do not out these items. know what its practical value is, but I am informed, by those Mr. VEST. I will submit that motion, at the instance of the who know better than I do, that it has been of great p1·actical Senator from Colorado, to test the Senate. I do not want to do value, money value, to the people of the United States. any injustice to anybody, but if any Senator has a word to say in It has made tracings of the earth. It has mapped the indica­ defense of these appropriations I should be glad to hear him. tions of the underflow of water, which in various parts of the Mr. WOLCOTT. No harm will be done to the country, I sup­ United States and in my own State is a matter of great value. pose, if a motion is made to strike out of the bill lines 20 and 21, Millions of dollars have been lost this present year on account on page 64. We can do without paleontologists at present in of the lack of knowledge of the places wbereana.bundantsupply Colorado. of artesian water could be obtained. To a considerable extent Mr. ALLISON. I have no doubt there are fossils in Colorado the researches of this Bureau have traced upon the profile of the as well as elsewhere. The Director of the Geological Survey earth the formation indicating where this water can be found, says that paleontology is a part of the great study of geology. If and to a very great extent it has been found there, so far as the that be so, I do not see how we can get on without this part of work has been done, in my own State. the work if the Geological Survey is to be continued. That is the true condition of this question, and for us to say, Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I should be very sorry if the without any kind of inquiry or evidence, that we must stop these work of this Bureau is to be reduced. If reduced, it ought to be researches, disband this Bureau, and dismiss these employes after some further scientific inquiry or some more careful in­ without any kind of evidence whatever, that they are not pro­ quiry than can be given on the floor of the Senate. I know that ceedingtorenderusefulservice in researches which all thescien­ the United States Government is distinguished above all the tific world desires to make use of, seems to me a very unworthy governments in the world by the favor it has given to scientific proposition. researches, and I know that the scientific world highl:-,· appre­ I do not know whether or not the instance related by the Sen­ ciates the work of this Bureau. It has been the special pride of ator from Nevada [Mr. STEWART] is correct. There may hav~

~ I ' .... ' r •• ;... . ·... -· 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5887

been some officer of this Bureau who prepared a. work too costly The PRESIDING9FFICBR (Mr. TURPIE in the chair). The to be published, and it may be that the Committee on Printing question is on the amendment of the Senator from Missouri {Mr. Qf ·this body, or the Committee on Appropriations, without know­ VEST] to strike out in lines 20 and 21, on page 64. ing the extent of it, were of the opinion that the sum required Mr. WOLCOTT. I desire to ask the Chair if the motion does for the publication of that work was too large. But I do under· not arise upon the amendment of the committee, and w'b.ether it take to deny here that Maj. Powell has ever been a. party to any is not the purpose of the committee to maintain its amendment? misappropriation of the labor and the researches of anymanand The PRESIDING OFFICER. The motion pending is the giving credit to some other man tor it. He is a. man of unques­ motion of the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST] to strike out tionable honor, of great ability, and of devotion to his work, and lines 20 and 21, on page 64:. These lines repre ~ ent amendments is so recognized throughout the world. of the committee which have already been agreed to. The mo­ Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, it is one of the misfortunes tion can not be entertained without a reconsideration of the that whenever an appropriation bill comes up the merits of the agreement. Perhaps, however, it will be briefer if the Chair Geological Survey and the action, wisdom, and adoration of the will consider the question upon the amendment as yet open. Director should be made the subject-matter of discussion. That The question is now, Shall this amendment of the committee be · arises out of the fact, most remarkable in legislative history, I agreed to? think, that the Geological Survey, instead of being by law an The question being put, there were on a division-ayes 22, established bureau, in its inception and in its present existence, noes 11. is nakedly the creature of an appropriation bill. It has no other Mr. STEWART. We had better have the yeas and nays on father or mother, nor has it hadanyothelrguardian or guidance that. than a capacity and peivilege to spend money. The yeas and nays were ordered. For my part I would not think it becoming to rise in the Sen­ Mr. MILLS. Let the amendment be reported. ate of the United States and undertake to belittle the value of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be stated. scientific research, as it concerns the topography and the geol­ The CHIEF CLERK. On page 64, in lines 20 and 21, the Com- ogy of the country that is given us to govern, to inhabit, and to mittee on Appropriations reported to insert: utilize for the uses of man; and I must protest, upon a mere ap­ For one paleontologist, $-1.000; propriation bill, against practically abolishing a part of this For one paleontologist, $2,000. Bureau of the Government. I have for a considerable period of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend­ time contemplated the introduction of a resolution which should ment. provide for a committee to be appointed by the Senate to pre­ Mr. PLATT. Mr. President, I do not wish to take up the time ·. pare a bill which should create this Bureau in the Interior De­ of the Senate. I know that there are Senators here who do not partment, which should define its functions, which should name like the operations of the Geological Survey, and who do not the officers who are to have the management, under the Secre­ really like the head of the Geological Bureau; but it seems to me tar.v of the Interior and under the law, of its affairs, to the end that this is a. very poor way and a. very poor time to emphasize that when we come to make arpropriations for it we might in- such a dislike. telligently legislate concerning it. . I know of no reason why the work of paleontologists should be When it was proposed to abolish the office of paleontologist stopped any more than the chemical work or the work of the some gentlemen, I believe not connected with the Survey, pro­ geographer or of the topographer. It is a work which has re­ ceeded in one of the periodicals of the day to enlarge upon its ceived the sanction of the Government. To my mind it is one economical value to th9 people of the United States. I, for one, of the most important branches of work which has been carried was deeply impressed with the idea that the pursuit of this par­ on in the Geological Survey. It may not produce important re­ ticular branch of science by the Geological Survey was useful ~o sults in dollars and cents to come to the Treasury of the Gov­ the people of the United States; and, for one, I hope that this ernment, but it is certainly an educational work which the Gov­ . ' appropriation will remain in the bill and that the amendment ernment can scarcely afford to cease aiding. proposed by the committee will be adopted. If there is anything wrong about the Geological Survey, if Of course it is always easy, under the pressure of a 'desire to there is anything wrong about any officer connected with it, or manifest economy where we have it not, to assail a scientific if any Senator supposes there is, the way to meet that question pursuit like this and to offer it up as a temporary sacrifice for is to introduce a resolution to investigate and have it come be­ the sake of deluding the people and comforting them meanwhile fore the Senate where we can pass upon it understandingly. with the idea that we have not taken any bread out of their · I do not know that any criticism is made upon the paleontolo­ mouths, even though we have arrested the intelligent progress gists, but I am very sorry that this wor~ should be crippled. I of the country for a limited period of time. think the work ought to go on, and that the work for the Geo­ It seems to me that the only apology or excuse that can be logical Survey ought to be maintained. given for striking out the item that was striken out, or for vot­ Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. President, as the Senator from Con­ ing against the amendment proposed by the committee, is the necticut suggests, this is probably not a good time to get at this proposition that we can restore it next December. That is the proposition, but this is the only time we shall ever get. This apology that is made upon the floor of the Senate. I do not know Geological Survey comes to this body in some way, the Lord of any exigency of public affairs that renders it essential or use­ only knows how, and we hear nothing about it until the appro­ ful or wise or economical by law to create the interregnum pro­ priation bills come ..in providing about a million dollars every I ..- posed. year to be expended by this survey. That is charged to those But, in any event, I submit that the discussion of the useful­ of us who live in the West. ness of this matter ought to be remitted to independent legisla­ It is one of the great measures which are supposed to be passed tion, and ought not to arise under the pressure that necessarily for the benefit of the West. We do not know anything of it. attends the actionof the Senate in considering an appropriation We get very little benefit from it. As a matter of scientific re­ bill of this magnitude. I trust, therefore, that the amendment search we all rejoice in it. There is no question that many of of the committee will be adopted. the people connected with the Geological Survey are gentlemen Mr. VEST. I would like to ask the chairman of the commit­ of the highest character and the highest attainments. There is ·. tee what is the amount of increase from the House bill as to no question but that the institutions of the whole world are bene­ this Geological Survey? fited in their researches and discoveries by the explorations Mr. ALLISON. In, this particular matter? which are conduct-ed by this GDvernment at an expense of a Mr. VEST. The whole idea; what is the whole increase in million dollars a. year; but nobody seems to have any direction the Senate bill over the House bill as to the Geological Survey? or control of it. It is a somewhat close corporation, which ex­ Mr. ALLISON. It is in the neighborhood of $50,000. pends its money as it sees fit. The only opportunity that those Mr. GORMAN. It is $47,000. of us who are laymen and unlearned on these subjects ever have Mr. ALLISON. Somebody says it is $47,000. to criticise is when the items come up in appropriation bills, be­ Mr. VEST. I l;)ee that the amount recommended for 1893 was cause we never hear anything about them until they appear each $551,400. I understand the chairman to say now that this in­ session of Congress. crease is $47,000. There is nothing important, I think, connected with these two Mr. ALLISON. The House appropriation will be found on paieontologists. But there is a chance presented to ascertain page 66, in lines 17 and 18, and it is $515,000; the stlnate amend­ something- about the survey generally, becauoe the House in its ~ent making the appropriation is $562,000; so the difference is wisdom has seen fit to strike out these two items. We have no $47,000, which is the amount of increase for th~ Geological Sur­ report to guide us as to what induced the House to think the vey. country could get along without two paleontologists for a while, Mr. STEWART. It does not increase the .entire appropria­ and ther6fore wa must accept its wJsdom without a report. tion, because the salat'ies of many of the officers are included in Until some more apt defense of this large appropriation is the legislative bill. made, it does seem to me that this is a. proper time, for those of , Mr. ALLISON. Not a very great many. .. us of both political parties who constantly air ourselves on the

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5888 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY

subject of the economical administration of this Government, to ends of lawyers at all times, and left irritations that sometimes either vote against further appropriations or have sufficient in­ appear in legislative bodies, and all that, yet as a whole they telligence to justify us in voting upon great appropriations which stand out in the estimation of-I will say to the Senator from Mis­ are asked for each year for the Geological Survey. issouri-almost all the scientific world, enabling it to come to a Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I trust that nobody will con­ unity of conclusion upon this subject; that it surpas!!es the inves­ fuse this matter by supposing that the paleontologists cost $i,OOO,­ tigations of like character in all other countries, and is demon­ OOO. I admit that a million dollars is a large sum for this sur­ strating how rich is this country, especially the western portion vey. I am totally disqualified from passing upon the justice of of it, in evidences that science is gathering up as to the ancient it or the question of its value or necessity; but if it is to be r e­ history of the world we live in. duced-and quite possibly it mightbereduced-itshould bedone I certainly desire that this spasm of economy which has broken under a system of inquiry into the various branches of it and the out to the extent of this $6,000 on these poor, unoffending, and usefulness and necessity of it. undefended paleontologists might take a wider and a broader The ordinary, rather unlearned mind often supposes that it is range, and not spend itself as certainly as it is spending itself of some use to a country that has an almost unlimited unsettled here to-day. Certainly I should regret that all the efforts and region to inquire into its characteristics in all respects, and it persistency on both sides of this Chamber on the part of indi­ certainly can not be possible that we have spent millions for vidual Senators in the discharge of their duty in cutting down scientific research in, and have ha-d gentlemen going over all these great appropriations should finally be filed down to this little vast ranges of mountains and valleys and have never found any­ item of $6,000. thing oLcommercial value. Mr. WOLCOTT. May I interrupt the Senator a moment? This one little item of $6,000 is but a small speck in the large The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Massa­ expenditures of this Governmen tfor the things that the unlearned chusetts yield? mind does not see the value of in bread and butter. Now let us Mr. DAWES. Certainly. proceed to abolish all the United States part of the Smithsonian Mr. WOLCOTT. Is the Senator from Massachusetts aware Institution, and leave it to th~ meager allowance which it would that on the following page of this very bill there is carried an have under the Smithsonian fund. Why did we create this great appropriation of $30,000 further for paleontological research? Museum down here, which has within its walls some of the most Mr. DAWES. Exactly, sir; and this bill carries millions of valuable results of the researches of these practical paleontol­ dollars, the items of which the world would be very glad to dis­ ogists? cuss with the learned Senator from Colorado. However unable Their business is, as the surveys go on, to a~com p any the ge­ I myself may be to cope with him in argument as to the efficiency ological surveyors passing through those regions for the pur­ and wisdom of this expenditure, certainly I might hold some un­ pose of making searches and procuring what is valuable or in­ equal controversy with him, perhaps, as to the value of others over teresting of animal or vegetable remains or fossils. They have which my distinguished friend has been as silent as possible. found in that country what is not to be found in any other part Mr. STEWART. · Mr. President, the Senator from Massachu­ of the world. I do not know that it can be said that the speci­ setts [Mr. DAWES], by the economical use of a million dollars, mens they find can be sold. Some of thoseregionsoutWest are might buy a good many compliments; he could get a good manv ...... peculiar, in relation to the whole surface of the earth. The ge­ nice things said about him if he would spend that amount of ological conditions have been such, the climate has been such, money, if he would print books with fine ptctures in them and that the fossil remains have been preserved there longer and in send them abroad, or if he would give salaries to officers in vari­ better condition than in any other place that can be found upon ous colleges and learned societies. If he could let them live off earth. It would be a misfortune to the Ecience of the world if the Government they would meet and congratulate each' other in the researches that have been made these things that have and congratulate him. If he would do that he will annually get been discovered had not been found. a good many complimentary things said about him. But if you choose to make a commercial matter of it, direct Now, I believa there is more humbug about this business than Prof. Marsh, who is chief of the paleontologists, to have a sys­ in any other department of the Government. It is marvelous tematic business collection made of what he has found there, that this expenditure can be made without any Member or Sena­ and sell it to the museums of the world, and thus make money tor knowing why or how it is made. I tis not investigated by any­ out of the transaction. Hitherto we have not done that. We body. The salaries are fixed by the Director and i terns for those have put some curious specimens into colleges and the National salaries are put in appropriation bills without any previous ar­ Museum. rangement as to what they should be. As my colleague suggests, in this same general category you I had a little experience with one of these geologists at one •' might as well not maintain a public library. It is a part of the time, and I must tell it, because it is rather an interesting story. great business of learning, and it has been the special effort of this When I was out West with the Committee on Irrigation, travel­ great Government, and, as I said before, it has done better than ing on the Northern Pacific Railroad, we stopped at a station to any government anywhere in fostering science and education in take some testimony. They had bored wells along up the James general. River from 1,000 to 1,500 feet in depth. There was a marvelous So out of the $1,000,000 do not strike out one poor little special flow of water there. It was an exhibition that would attract the scientific item. Revise and reduce if you wish. No doubt you attention of any ordinary man. Those wells were wonders. can find places where you can possibly reduce more than $6,000. There was a geologist stopping in the neighborhood, and I at Mr. DAWES. Mr. President, I do not desire to participate in once thought that we could get information from him; we could this controversy which unhappily has arisen between the Di­ ascertain the stratification that these wells have passed through; rector of the Geological Survey and one or two Senators, and here is a chance to get the whole thing! it was so marvelous. which breaks out- on every annual return of the appropriation I called in the geologist and examined him. Notwithstanding bill. I regret that it should have concentrated itself upon these he had been traveling around over the plains-looking at the two paleontologists. I do not know whether the Director in all grasshopper.s, I suppose, on the surface-he had never been to things is the wisest man that ever was in the world.. I do, how­ one of these wells. They had not attracted his attention. He ever, speak with some confidence when I say that the Geological was a scientific geologist. He wro~e the reports, and evolved Survey, going back to the time of Lieut. Wheeler and Mr. Hay­ his reports entirely from his inner consciousness, without looking den, and the present Director, when they pursued under differ­ at what was being done. He was one ot the geologists of the ent branches of this Government the same general purpose, ar­ Geological Survey. rived at such results that it led the Government to consolidate Now, I say that the subject of geology is very interesting; them all into one and give them the unity of action and direction the classification of the formations of the earth is a very inter­ that has produced r esults which the scientific world has been esting subject, and very important. It is important in a practi­ glad to accept. cal sense. But it does not take a million dollars to follow it up. Mr. President, the scientific wvrld seems to have differed It does not cost anything near that amount. You want practical widely from the Senator from Missouri [Mr. VEST]. Everybody men that have scientific knowledge to examine where there is in the scientific world except the Senator from Missouri, and an opportunity for examination and exploration. · perhaps other Senators, has put almost inestimable value upon The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. DAWES] says that their the results of this Geological Survey. researches are valuable in rega1·d to mining operations. Not so. All the scientific associations and organizations in foreign lands Never was a geologist sent to that country who knew enough to have sent their medals to the Geological Survey as testimonials help on anything of the kind. Never a man was fool enough to to the remarkable results of their researches. They have in put a dollar on the opinion of one of them. Never was a dollar their researches enabled the owners of mines containing preciotis invested on the]r information. On the contrary, they are looked metals in the West to more intelligently pursue their investiga-. upon as, and called in _that country, tenderfeet. [Laughter.] tions. The books published by Mr. King, who preceded the pres­ They are laughed at. They are scientific tenderfeet, and nobody sent director o~ the Geological Survey, although I know as the would think of acting on their advic3 about mines. works of an expert witness they did not exactly contribute to the A man would ce laughed at who should consider their asser- -·

1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5889

tions of any value. Their assertions about mines are never proved from scientific men. They compliment' ea(!h other. I teli yon true. Some examinations of the Comstock Lode were made by a million dollars will buy a good deal of humbug. This million some of the best geological expertsin the world, and many thou­ dollars expended judiciously will buy a large amount of fulsome sands of dollars were paid to bring them there. They examined praise and laudation. this formation. It is true they testified on each side, but they I protest against the Geological Survey as extravagant, as a were as scientific men as this country has produced. They were foolish waste of money. Real information can b3 got tha~ will all honest enough, however, to admit that the geologist was not be of any use for one-tenth of the money, and can be prJcured a good man to discover mines; .that the man who examined and in better form. Then this Bureau will not be strong enough to had an interest ina mine and traveled over thehills knew more control both Houses of Congress and able to obtain whatever about mining than they. They did not pretend that they could favors it wants. discover mines. Talk about investiga.ting! How are you going to in\estig ate? These geologists have pronounced one district after another You may call a lot of witnesses, who will calleachother thieves nonminerallands; they have said that silver could not exist in and rascals. We get plenty of that kind of t estimony. There many regions where some of the bestmines are; on the contrary, will be a great volume of testimony elicited during the investiga­ they have got up theories that other localities are vastly richer, tion; it will be printed. rrhen the young men and young women and have tried to get miners to invest money, but the miners that have places there will come around here and lobby and knew better. So far as mining is concerned they usually are electioneer because they will want to retain their places there. wrong. I a~sert, with experience and know ledge on the subject, What good will it do to be investigated while it ha$ a million that every Iillner, every mining man in all the West, so far as of money to buy laudation and distrib'Jta patronag·e in the dis­ gold and silver mining is concerned, will concur with me in say­ cretion of one man? It is bigger than the Government, ani it is ing that the information they get from geologists is of no ac­ going on; there is no doubt about that. The money is going to count. I will admit that the examination of a coal bed or iron be spent, wasted, but science is not going to be benefitE d by it, bed might be of some value, if made by competent men. But nor is mining going to be benefitei by it. when you come to the great majority of mines in the West, such The West is the field of their operations. Our people do not geologists are of no use in Colorado or in any part of the West. want it. ' Our people are not interested in it, because they get no That they may be of use in the East I am not prepared to benefit from it. In these days of economy it seems to me we deny. might dispense with this luxury just for a little time. This Bureau has grown toenormousproportions; it hasanim­ Mr. PLATT. Mr. President, I should suppose, after listening mense patronage; the Director ha3 discretion in the use of this to the speech of the Senator from Nevada [Mr. STEWART], that .· money that gives him a power in legislation that noman can re­ there was a proposition here to reduce the expenditures of the sist. You talk about fighting these millions of dollars. Ofcourae geological part of the Geological S urvey. The Senator from Ne­ men speak in their own b ehalf, and of course they writa nice vada, I suppose, will vote for eleven geologists at $39,500 and things about it, because they have the money of the Government for geological surveys at $100,000. I do not understand tllat he with which to do it. There never was organized in any govern­ propos2s any amendment to cut down the geological work of ment under any circumstances a bureau with mon'3y to mainhin this Bureau. itself that could not buy compliments. Mr. STEWART. If I can get anybody to vot3 that way I will .. The officers in this Bureau us2d to abusa me a good deal, but propose amendments fast enough. they ceased to do so for awhile because I have been silent. Now Mr. PLATT. Therefore the Senator will not take offens3 at that I speak again, I suppose they will renew their abuse. I can what I am now going to say. He is a.sking a defeat of this amend­ stand abuse about as well as anybody, and perhaps I ought to be m ent of the committee upon false pretens3s-thatisto say, upon abused for calling attention to the matter. the ground that the geological work of this Bureau has not been - •, But h ere we are talking about economy. A hundred thousand of any value. If that is the ca3e, the thing to do is to strike out dollars a year would be ample for the business! That is more the appropriation for the geologists and for the geological work. than Lieut. Wheeler got and he did a great deal with the Nobody pretends that thegeological workhasnotbeenwelldone money in his time. I think $50,000 a year would be ample. All and has not been of value; but it seems to afford an opportunity you want is one or two or three geologists who are geologists. to strike at another matter, and so the Senate is asked not to We have no right to employ them until they have won their make this appropriation. spurs, until they have examined and studied the question suffi­ Mr. DAWES. I suppose there is no doubt but that the Sena­ ciently and are able to write something that will be useful. tor from Nevada knows mor-3 than I do about where are the They are writing these books and we are giying them the richest mines of the world and just where to go to find the money in these various appropriation bills, amounting to a round richest deposits of silver if not gold. All I know about it I have million dollars a year, and their books are piling up, and it; wlll learned here. While the Senator was lost to the public s~rvice b e more work for the future scientists to examine those books in the Comstock lode, going directly to its deepest and richest than it would be to examine mother earth; it will be more work deposits, I was on the Committee on Appropriations in the other for future scientists seeking information to attempt to go through House doing all I could to get appropriations to maintain Clar­ all these books than it would t:> get at the results from original ence King in his surveys of the Comstock lode. The result of sources. Baron Von Humboldt, single and alone, by his own it is in the Library here, with the maps, in which every drift examination, without support, did more for science in this di­ and every chamber and every deposit of the Comstock lod.e is rection than has been done in thiscountry ten times over. Von spread out on the maps. Cotter has written on mining a book that is a text book, and its I was struggling in behalf of the Senator's fortune in main­ suggestions are valuable to miners as they are to others. taining Clarence King in this work and publishing it. Those valuable works were written wit4out examinations made No]>ody in this or the other Chamber ever heard a lisp against under Government patronage. Their works give us the results the Geological Survey until my distinguished friend got out of of scientific examinations. If you are going to have scientific the Comstock lode and got into this question of irrigating arid works written on geology you must take men that have intelli­ lands, and fell out with the present Director-not a lisp but en­ gence, who are willing t9 devote themselves to it for their lives. couragement of those who had the appropriation bills in charge, The real science of geology has been produced by such men and pressing us on to get all we could and to magnify and amplify not by Government clerks and employes who go out in the sum­ the work of the Geological Survey. When the distinguished Sen­ .· mer and do a little airing. ator from West Virginia, not now a member of t.his body, came It is all nonsense. This corps of geologigts floating over the in with a proposition to extend it all over the United States, and country, young men taking a vacation because they have rela­ carried it through, in order to develop the mineral resource, of tives or friends who can have influence with Congress, youncr that great State, the men who are now charged with a want of men having a picnic over the country, is nonsense. It is a mock­ economy got up here and tried to check it and confine it to the ery of science. If any American has developed genius, has devoted Western States. My dis:inguished friend here never thought his life to it so that he can write text-books, I would give such a of the great extravagance and useless expenditure until he man a good salary; I would be willing to appropriate money for thought one way should be adopted t1 irrigate the arid lands his services. I would encourage science. But I do not want a and the distinguished Director of the Geological Survey thought pile of books, too heavy, too cumbersome, too dense, too enormous another way was wiser. for any scientific man to examine. I never entered into that controversy with these gentlemen. What book has been produced by this Geological Survey that My service here has been confined to doing what I could to en­ is fit to put into the hands of a student? When you t 2ach geology courage all these developments and spread out the hidden wealth you have to get the books that were written by devotees of the of the country so that my learned friend alone should not be the subject, those who wrote accurately, going to nature for their only man who could go in and delve and find the richest de­ information. You are getting nothing here that you will ever posits. I wanted the rest of the world to have the advantage of put into your schools. You have got a great establishment that the knowledgewhichmydistinguishedfriend has had, and which spends-money, prints books and pictures, and gets compliments he has pursued by the help of this Geological Survey until he is XXIll-369 5890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J ULY 8,

tired of their acquisition and now turns his a\tention to the arid 1ilons. This country has for the last twenty yeara furnished a lands, and differs so widely from this distinguished professor. golden opp?rtunity to examine the f_ormation, but the grasshop­ The complaint he now makes of him is he is too scientific; that per geologiSts who run over the plains that the buffalo did for­ he knows too much; that we must not rely on these men who merly are useless. The picnicing of the young men sent out know so much; that we must turn to the men who do not know therecanfurnish us no information. The topographical depart­ it, who are practical and learned by going in themselves and ment of this Government ought to be sent back where it belono-s, coming out like the bee out of the flower, with the honey all and where I helped to start it, with a corps of engineers of the over it. [Laughter.] Army. As the young men come out of West Pointletthemhave Mr. STEWART. Mr. President, I admire as much as the something to do to improve their mathematics and improve Senator from Massachusetts the man to whom he has reference, their health instead o~ lying around and doing nothing. Mr. Clarence King, but I superintended the making of those sur­ I have been at the different )?OSts and conversed with the com­ veys and having them mapped. I had the whole Comstock Lode manding officers. They said 1t would be of immense use to the surveyed in early days by the united companies. young m en if they could be employed four or five months in each Mr. DAWES. Clarence King did it. year in the scientific work of making a topographic survey of the Mr. STEWART. No, he came afterwards and recorded; but country. But they can not be used as other countries can use the maps were already made. Mr. Ike James was the engineer. them. We have this, and we have geology, and paleontoloo-y, There waR litigation from one end to the other of the Comstock, and ethnology, and how many ologies I do not know, all mi;ed and the tunnels and the drift3 that were made were mapped up together, with one man at the head: under my direction from day to day for four years. When Mr. I say it is not because I differed with Prof. Powell in regard Clarence King went there the entire mines were caved in; he to the irrigation survey that I oppose this Bureau. He under­ could not make a survey; and did not make underground tsur­ took to add to his omnium gatherum the public lands and the veys. He took the surveys that the miners had made and made public-land laws, and to administer them. He got every land a pretty picture of it. It was all very well, and he wrote very office in the whole West tied up and the people deprived of the well about the Comstock, but he discovered nothing. Every­ right to a.cquire property, to build up their homes. The entire thing had been discovered and unfortunately had been nearly West united, and we had a. long and a t-edious fight to make him worked out when he went there. He has not helped us any, but let go of our land offices, to make him open them again so that he has in.fo1·med the world how it was by taking our maps-all the settlers and homesteaders could get their titles. He under­ the maps down to the first 500 feet that were made at my sugges­ took to tie them all up and hold them as a. part of this great tion. We mappedtogethereachsurvey. I sawiteveryday; and machine, so as to give him money to buy more laudation and to it was afterwards continued as a matter of business so that they control more legislation. couldgetthemapsoftheworks. Itwassimplycopied from what His ambition knows no end. A bureau should have a specific the miners themselves had done. That is alii have to say so far object. Topography is for the engineer, geology is for the as that is concerned. scientist, and if these are regulated by law, and the officers' sal­ The Senator says he want3 to have the same advantage that aries are fixed and the duties fixed by law, nobody would more the miners have. He wants some of the honey. He will get no heartily support a proposition for scientific purposes than I. honey from the locust-sent out by the Geologica] Survey. But the pretense that this can help the miners, the pretense Well, he will have to do the san:re as the miners do if he wants that this Bureau can do everything and alleviate all the evils mines. He will never get them through the Geological Survey. and take charge of the entire West is absurd. It can take care ,.1 will give $1,000 bounty to any man who will show me a geo­ of the East, it can take care of the colleges as long as you give logical survey that ever found a gold or silver mine or made a it money to buy influence, and it will have the power here and suggestion in regard to this matter of value to anybody. elsewhere. The Senator says that I am opposed to Prof. Powell be­ Mr. CALL. Mr. President, I have had the pleasure, during cause he knows too much, that he is too scientific. He knows the fourteen years which I have been in the Senate, of a personal too much of some kinds of things. He knows too much for the acquaintance with the Director of the Geological Survey. !found two Houses of Congress; he knows too much for the economy of him, when I first made his acquaintance, a one-armed Union sol­ the country; he knows too well how to bleed the Treasury; he dier, with, as I was informed, a distinguished record of military knows too well how to buy laudation; he knows too well how to service. His attainments as a scholar stood out in bold r elief fool the people; he knows too well how t<:> hire admirers. He because of the serious affliction which he had received in the per­ knows too well how to get all those things, how to run geology formance of his duty. I have never known a more modest, amia.­ in Washington. He knows too well the geology of the two b1e, devoted enthusiast in the pursuit of learning than Maj. Houses of Congress; he knows too well the geology of the Dis­ Powell. I do Iiot believe a more honorable man exists upon the trict; and he knows too well the geology of the employes. But face of the earth than he is. he knows too little of the geology of the earth, and he has r e- In all his conduct he has been generous, forbearing, receiv­ corded too little of it to satisfy me. · ing thoee who were opposed to him in battle and from whom he As to theappr_opriationforClarence King and Lieut. Wheeler, received his wounds with the generosity and the courtesy that the appropriation for Clarence King was made under the War becomes a soldier and a brave man. He has received the appro­ Department, and Lieut. Wheeler followed him under the War bation of scientific associations which it wa3 not possible for him Department. It would have been a good thing to take the young to have bribed with offices or the dispensation of patronage, as men of the War Department, the young engineers {and every claimed by the Senator from Nevada. There is not a scholastic A.l·my officer says so to-day), and make it their duty to work in body in the world distinguished for its learning and its attain­ the field and get a topographic survey of the country for mili­ ments that dces not upon its records give the highest t-estimony tary purposes. That is legitimate, and it would be very little to Maj. Powell as a scholar and an investigator and collator of expense to the Government, and it would educate the young-men fa.cts in regard to the hidden truths of natural science. in the business. That is what the Engineer Department ought That he should be assailed here without evidence, after re­ to be doing to-day. peated investigations in the course of these fourteen years by That is what I said and what I think. I never was for this committees of both these bodies, who g ive an almost unanimous omniurn gatherum of a geological and every other kind of a survey, if n ot a unanimous verdict in his favor and in favor of the main­ ... . for the iaws to ba made to suit a particular man, allowing any t enance of this Bureau and of these investigations, is in my opin­ man to create offices, t o appoint officers and run along and print ion not in accordanc3 with the proper decorum that belongs to as many b ooks as he pleases, and exchange them where he us. If there be such charges against Maj. Powell, let them be pleases, and get laudation, and build up a bureau too big for Con­ ma-de upon evidence, and let them be made before a committee gress. I n ever had anything to do with that. I never asked for of this body, where he will have an opportunity of vindicating -·- an appropriation of this kind. It is out of place here. So far as the himself against them. topographic survey is concerned, it ought to b 3 sent back to the Now~ Mr. President, in regard to the value of these researches. Engineer Department, where it belongs. Other governments do Lord Bacon said when he began that great change and revolu­ the work through the engineer department. It familiarizes the tion in practical reason and scienc3 that the commerce between officers with the topography of the country. Then they have man and things, between man and nature, was what was needed their own maps. The engineers of the army of Franca and Ger­ for the advancement of the human race a!ld the unfolding of many make their own surveys and their own maps. Of course human intelligence. they are used by the public but the work is carried on in a scien­ Bacon in the Instauratio Magna says: tific way. Man, the servant and interpreter of nature, does and understands so far as So far us geology is concerned it does not need to b a connected he may haveobservedrespectingthe order ofnaturein things orin his mind, and further he h:ts neither-knowledge or power. with topography at all. It is simply useless. Von Humboldt Truth is the daughter of time, not of authority. No wonder that these did not have a corps of engineers when he examined the surface spells, authority, traditions, have so bewildered men that they have not of the earth to the extent he did in ordertomakeexaminations. dared to hold direct intercourse with things. It would i,ndeed be disgraceful to mankind if after such parts of the mate­ To apply geology you must go where the earth's crust is frac­ rial world had beenlaidopen whichwm·eunknown in fonner times, so many tured, where there are upheavals, or where there are excava- seas tra>erse:i, so many countries explored, so many new stars discovere~

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1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 5891 philosophy or the intelligible world should be circumscribe:! by the same The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is upon agreeing boundaries as before. It is manifest that the human understanding creates itself much n·ouble, to the amendment of the committee to insert lines 20 and 21, on p.or makes an apt and sober use of such aids as are within the command of page 64 of the bill. The yea1 having b : en ordered, the Secre­ man, from whence infinite ignorance of things 3.Ild innumerable disa'i-van­ tal'Y will call the rolL tages arise. ·~ * * With all our inaustrywe should endeavor if haply this same commerce of mind and of things (than which a greater blessing can Mr. ALLISON. B efore the vote is taken I wish to say one hardly be found upon earth, at least among earthly felicities,) might by any word. The Committee on Appropriations of the Senate have fneans be entu·ely restored, or if they might at least be brought to terms of inserted the provision of existing law having reference to this nearer correspondence. paleontological work. They have reduced, however, the appro­ Since his day this axiom has become an accredited principle priations for these researches from $-10,000 to $30,000, $40,000 be­ pf scientific investigation. The knowledge of things, of nature, ing the sum in the appropriation hct for the year just closed. has developed the wonderful powers of electricity. It has made I do not wish to enter into any discussion respecting the gen­ its practical applications, and this geological science is to-day in­ eral value of the Geological Survey. It is only enough for me vestigating- the currents of heat and electricity, tmknown except to say in response to what has been said respecting Prof. Powell by their occasional exhibition, which are traversing the earth that this is a Sm'vey which has been in existence for a long time, and may by a not unreasonable anticipation furnish the motor and in 1879 it was extended over the entire United States, cov­ powerof the world. ering the area of every State and Territory. Therefore it is not The Senator speaks of paleontology. In my own State mil­ a Western project or an Easte1'n or a Southern proj-ect. It is a lions of dollars have been realized by the discovery that fossil project intended to cover eventually a g~ological survey of the remains contain the essence of vegetable life. So you may find entire country. The expenditures for the last year were about these results occur in all the operations of scientific investiga­ $700,000. The expenditures all toldfor the fiscal year for which tion, and it is more than strange that learned Senators should we are now providing will be about $660,000. stand here to-day to ask evidence of the practical value of scien­ Mr. STEWART. Does that include the printing? tific investigation. Apart from their historical value, from a Mr. ALLISON. Perhaps it would not include the printing. knowledge of the earth and of the races that have preceded us, I will add $50,000 for that, and say $750,000. This bill carries which we are told from investigation of fossil remains has been about $560,000 all told, for the purpose. subject to the great catastrophes of nature, which have destroyed As respects the merits of this particular amendment! have only races, and of epidemics which have destroyed the animal life of a\vord to say, and that is that practical geologists in this country, the world, all these subjects of scientific investigation are prac· without exception, ra-gard p11.leontology as an essential part of tically related to the development of the human race and the any g eological survey. That, I believe, is understood every­ possibilities of its future. where, and where geolo_gical surveys have been made, large ap­ We do not know where we are to stop, and for.Senators to say propriations and work of a paleontological character have b38n that we will stop these investigations b~cause they are oi no use conducted in every geological survey of every State. There­ ·' is as though, in. regard to electricity, they would deride the pos­ fore it is an essential part of the SuTv-ey, and that is all there is sibility that there was an agency of this kind, and what its future about it. It is a small nart. There are but two scientific men uses are to be. He is a blind man who will undertake to S!ty engaged in it. One is -Professor Marsh, the president of the that he can see and will undertake to limit it, or any other of American Academy of Sciences, a gentleman well-known in the the unknown forces of the univers9-or its Divine CreatGr-- scientific wodd, who has be~n engaged in this work for many Mr. STEWART. When did Congress ever make an appro­ years. priation to devolve electricity? Was not that don9 on prh·ate I had occasion to examine this rna tter somewhat in detail during account? · the present session, for the reason that an excellent young friend Mr. CALL. It does not matt9r whether it was done on pri­ of mine, who has devoted his life to the study of paleon to logy, in a vate account or not, I know -very well Morse's telegraph was ex­ letter to me criticised Prof. llal·sh rather severely for his method perimented upon here at public expense. But suppose it had of conducting the paleontological work, insisting that he was de­ not been done, is it not wise that it should be done more largely vot.ing too much time to what is called vertebrate paleontology, and efficiently by public action? and spending too much money to that end; and he allowed me to Mr. President, this is not the age of war. The Senator from send a letter which he addressed to me to Prof. Marsh for criti­ Nev-ada speaks of confining this investigation to the military serv­ cism. I did so, and Prof. Marsh, in some detail, in a letter which ice. I have, responded to that criticism of Prof. Osborn, who is now Mr. STEWART. I should like to ask the Senator a question. ths curatoroi the Museumin NewYorkCity. I receh·edagood Were the phosphate bads he speaks of discovered by this Bureau? many letters from other scientific gentlemen deprecating the Mr. CALL. Yes, sir; they were first discovered by this Bureau. fact that the House of Representatives had left out appropria­ They gave the first intimation of their exist.ence. tions for paleontology, saying that if there was to be a geolog­ Mr. STEWART. How long ago were they worked? ical survey it was n ecessary, in or der to study the strata of the Mr. CALL. They have been worked only in the last few years. earth, that there should be a study of the fossils, not only as re­ Mr. STEWART. Where are they? spects the scientific results, but also as respects the practical 1r. CALL. The fossil remains? results of geology. Mr. STEWART. Yes; whet·e are the fossil1·amains? It is perfectly certain that the presence of fossils in localities 111r. CALL. All through Florida. There are some in Can­ indicates a certain condition in that locality, whether it be of ana. There ase supposed to be many in this part of the world. iron, or coal, or silver, or lead, or any of the numerous..JD.etals. Mr. STEWART. This Bureau did not operat3 in Canada, did That is conceded by geologists. Therefore it is, in my judg­ it? ment, a wise and proper thing, if we are to maintain this Geo­ Mr. CALL. Oh no; but it operated in Florida, and that is logical Survey at all, that we allow the comparatively small sum sufficient for my purpose. I only mention Canada to show that of $36,COO to stand in the bill as a part of this general system. such remains may be in Virginia, and in Nevada, and elsewhere.· As to the general criticism of the Senator from Nevada that We know not what is in the earth until it is examined. the Geological Survey is in itsell of no value, I do not think it is There is another proposition, Mr. President, which utterly necessary for m e now to make any observations about it. We confutes the Senator from Nevada. Scientitic investigation de­ find it in existenc3, and until this question is thoroughly inves­ fends and justifies itself. It is capable in itself of refuting all tigated by some committee having that subject in hand it seems errors and all attacks. The stratification of the earth when accu­ to me that we must reasonably appropriate for the CQntinuance rately observed is known to contain certain identities, and to of the Survey, especially as we have a law now on our statute carry with it certain affinities of mineral, and it only needs an book, growing up in the way the Senator from Montana so aptly extensive investigation to determine with practical accuracy this described a moment ago in the appropriation bills. So it ap­ fact. The SenatorfromNevadaadmits that in his own argument pears to me we must make appropriations ior this purpose. That here, in the unfolding of the Comstock mines and others. So it is all there is in it. I trust if these appropriations are to stand is certainly true that a sufficient number of facts gathered in the that the small sum devoted to paleontology will be retained in course of years being obtained (and it is a slow work, we det-er­ the bill. . mine the character of the different stratifications and mineral Mr. STEWART. I should like to inquire oi the Senator if forms of the earth) certain conclusions may be made from them. he called the attention of Prof. Marsh to his two books on verte­ To Eay it has not been done in the few years of the life of this brates? Bureau is to say nothing. It is a science which requires close Mr. ALLISON. That is a controversy I did not enter into .. and careful and long-continued investigation; but for a Senator I will say to the Senator frankly that that work relates to the to say that it is of no value to know what are the contents of the speculative science of paleontology and to the evolution, prob­ earth and the forces that onerate there is to me a most extra- ably, of birds and animals and men, and is not practical, as I lill­ ordinary proposition. - derstand this part of the Geological Sur·rey to be. Mr. President, I desire to say that it is within my knowledge 1\ir. STEWART. I refer to the printing of the two books. that the investigations of this Bureau in respect to paleontology Mr. ALLISON.. No, I did not include .th:.t. have been of practical benefit to the country. Mr. STEWART. I wish the S ::mator would sand the two vol-

·, 5892 OONGRESSION .AL RECORD-SEN ATE. JULY 8,

umes to him and ask him why he did not make the second vol­ was his work for the year I understand. It occurred to me that ume as good as the first; why he did not copy the whole of it, it wa3 not the thing to do, and I confess that it created a preju­ and put in the same plates, and make it as good a book. dice in my mind against Prof. :Marsh. As he is to go on with Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I wish to submit a con­ this work I should like him to explain how it happened that he ference report. printed theae two books, and how the Government is printing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair recognizes the Sena­ bo :-> ks in that way. That is one of the real::ons why I am op· tor from New Hampshire. posed to this amendment, independent of other considerations. Mr. STEWART. Then I am taken off the floor? Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. Pre ident, I' should hardly think that INCREASE OF PENSION TO HELPLESS PENSIONERS. that was a sufficient rea-son for interfering withascie ntific qu ~ s­ tion like this. P rol . Marsh ha3 not been heard at all on the sub­ Mr. GALLINGER subn:.:itted the following report: ject. The Senator never asked him any qu ~ stion ab:-> ut it. I The committee of conference on th e disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the House to the bill {S. 1910) to amend an act entitled never hear d any co~ plaint myself about him. I can only say of "An act to increase the pensions of certain soldie1·s and sailors who are Prof. Marsh that the scientific world gen erally, Europ3an as totally helpless from injuries received or from diseases contracted in the well a-s American, will vouch for his scientific acg_uirements. I service of the United States," approved March 4, 1890, having m et , after full and free conference have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their can personally, with a multitude of other people, vouch for him respective Houses as follows : as a learned man and as a gentleman in eYery resp2ct, of unques· That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendments of the tioned integrity and poss2ssing the finest qualities of a gentle­ House and agree ..to the same. J. H. GALLINGER, man. H. C. HANSBROUGH, Mr. STEWART. If we pass this item over until to-morrow I JOHN M. PALMER, will produce the book, and then the Senator may judgefo!' him­ Managers on the part of the Senate. self. L. F. McKINNEY, W AL'l' H. BUTLER, Mr. HAWLEY. I should also want to produce Prof. Marsh, JOHN L. JOLLEY, then. Manage1·s on the pm·t of the House. Mr. STEWART. The Senator can then examine the book, The report wa& concurred in. and produc3 Prof. Marsh if he likes. The.VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the FIRST METHODIST CHURCH OF JACKSON, TENN. amendment of the committee, on which the yeas and nays have Mr. PEFFER submitted the following report: b3en ordered. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses . The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. on the amendment of the Senate to tho bill H. R. 1216, "An act for there­ lief of the First Methodist Church in the city of Jackson, Tenn.," having Mr. COLQUITT (when his name was called). I am paired met. after full and free conference have agreed to recommend and do recom­ with the junior Senator from Iowa [Mr. WILSON]. mend to their re pective Houses as follows: Mr. CULLOM (when his name was called). I am paired with The House recedes from its disagreement to the first amendment of the the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY]. I do not see him in the Senate and agrees to the same, amended so as to fix the amount at $3,750, in lieu of the amount proposed; and the Senate agrees to the same. . Senate, and for the present I will withhold my vote. The House recedes from its disagreement to the second amendment of the Mr. HARRIS (when his name was called). I am paired with Senate, and agrees to the same. The House recejes from its disagreement to the third amendment of the the Senator from Vermont [Mr. MORRILL]. I should vote" nay" Senate, and agrees to the same. iiI were at liberty to vote. 'l'he House recedes from its disagreement to the fourth amendment of the Mr. STOCKBRIDGE (when Mr .MCMILLAN'S name was called). Senate, and agrees to the same. W. A. PEFFER, My colleague [Mr. McMILLAN] is paired with the Senator h·om W. F. SANDERS, North Carolina [Mr. VANCE]. . ISHAM G. HARRIS, 1\fr. McPHERSON (when hiB name was called). I am paired Managers on the part of the Senate. with the Senator from Delaware [Mr . .:j:IIGGINS]. W. J. STONE, JOHN C. HOUK, Mr. PASCO (when his name was called). I am paired with B. J. ENLOE, the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. CASEY]. Ma nagers on the part of the House. Mr. QUAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the '.rhe report was concurred in. junior Senator from West VIrginia [Mr. FAULK TER]. Mr. WALTHALL (when his name was called). I am paired MES3AGE FROM THE HOUSE. with the junior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. DIXON]. A message from the House of R 3presentatives, by Mr. T. 0. Mr. WARREN (when his namewascalled). lam -paired with TOWLES, the Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed the Senator from Georgia [Mr. GORDON]. a bill (H. R. 8033 ) to r educe the duty on tin plate, terne plate The roll call was concluded. and taggers' tin, and to repeal paragraph 209 of section 1 of an Mr. HAWLEY (after having voted in the affirmative). I failed act entitled "An act to reduce the revenues, and for other pur­ to announce that I have been paired with the Senator ~rom Geor-· poses;" in which it requested the concurrance of the Senate. gia [Mr. GORDON], but on this question his colleague [Mr. CoL­ JAMES A, RICHARDSON. QUITT] thought I might safely vote. Mr. HARRIS. Yesterday the bill (S. 2940) for the relief of Mr. COLQUlTl'. I am generally paired with the Senator James A. Richardson, administrator of Ezekiel T. Keel, de­ from Iowa [Mr. WILSON], but after consultation with his col­ ceased, of Shelby County, Tenn., was reported ad-versely and in­ league [Ml'. ALLISON] I feel justified in voting. I vote "yea." Mr. DANIEL (after having voted in the negative). I desire definitely postponed. I ask that the vote by which the bill was to withdraw my vote. I observe pairs have been respected by indefinitely p ostponed be reconsidered and that the bill with the some o thers, and I thibk it better to do so. I am paired with adverse report be placed on the Calendar. the Senator from Washington [Mr. SQUIRE]. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The motion to reconsider will be Mr. HARRIS. I understood the Senator from Illinois [Mr. agreed to, ii there be no objection. The Chair hears none, and CULLOM] to say that he is paired with the Senator from Dela­ the bill will be placed on the Calendar with the adverse report ware [Mr. GRAY] . of the committee. Mr. CULLOM. I am. SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. HARRIS. I am paired with the Senator from Vermont I The S enate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con­ [Mr. MORRILL]. We will transfer pairs, if agreeable to the sideration of the bill (H. R. 7520) making appropriations for sun­ Senator, and vote. dry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending Mr. CULLOM. Let us vote. June 30, 1893, and for other purposes, the pending question be­ Mr. HARRIS. I vote "nay." ing on the amendment of the Committee on Appropriations to Mr. CULLOM. I vote" yea." insert lines 20 and 21, on page 64, in the following wo~ds: The result was announced-yeas 31, nays 21; as follows: For one paleontologist, $4,000. YEAS-31 . For one paleontologist, $2.000. Aldrich, Cullom, Hawley, Pugh. .Mr. STEW ART. Mr. President, I do not wish to do injus­ Allen, Davis, Hunton, Ransom, Allison, Dolph, Jones, Ark. Sanders, tice to Prof. Marsh, but my attention was called to the printing Blackbmn, Frye, Manderson, Sawyer, of his two books, and I ha.ve Eent for them. I wish I had them Call, Gallinger, Paddock, Shoup, here. One is a very elegantly printed book, illustrated with ex­ Cameron, George, Perkins, Stockbridge, Chandler, Gibson, Md. Platt, Vilas. pensive plates, printed by the Engineer Corps of the Army, Colquitt, Gorman, Proctor, under which he acted at that time with Lieut. Wheeler. When NAYS-21. this Bureau was consolidated under Prof. Powell he was then Bate, Coke, Mills, Vest, employed at $4,000 a year, and he produced another book which Berry, Felton, Palmer, White, contained nothing that was not in the first book. Blodgett, Hansbrough, Pe1'1'er, Wolcott. Brice, Harris, Power, There was a little different arrangement and the engraving·s Carey, Jones, Nev. Stewart. were not so good. The two books are very expensive. That Co&krell, Kyle, Turpie, ., -.. 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5893

NOT VOTING-36. Mr. McPHERSON (when his name was called). I am paired Butler, Gordon, McMillan, Squire, with the Senator from Delaware [Mr. HIGGINS]. Qarllsle, Gray, McPherson, Stanford, Casey, Hale, Mitchell, Teller, Mr. PASCO (when his name wa'3 calle:l). I again announce Daniel, Higgins, Morgan, Vance, my pair with the Senator f1~om North Dakota [Mr. CASEY]. Dawes, Hill, Morrill, Voorhees, Mr. QUAY (when his name was called). I am paired with the Dixon, Hiscock, Pasco. Walthall, Dubois, Hoar, PettigreV"', Warren, junior Senator from West Virginia [Mr. FAULKNEP.]. Faulkner, Irby, Quay, Washburn, 1t·. WALTHALL (when his name was called). I again an: Gibson, La. Kenna, Sherman, Wilson. nounce my pair with the Senator from Rhode Island [:IVIr. DIXON]. So the amendment was agreed to. The roll call having been concluded, the result was announced­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The next amendment of the Com­ yeas 27, nays 21; as follows: mittee on Appropriations will be stated. YEAS-21. The SECRETARY. On page 65, line 22, after the word" dol­ Aldrich, Davis, Manderson, Sanders, lars," strike out the following proviso: Allen, Frye, Paddock, Sawyer, Allison, Gallinger, Palmer, Shoup, : Provided, That after the 1st day or July, 1892, the Geological Survey shall Call, George, Platt. Stockbridge, not expend any money for paleontological work or researches. Cameron, Gibson, M:d. Proctor, Vilas, Chandler, Hawley, Pugh, Warren. Mr. STEWART. I hope that amendment will not ba agreed Cullom, Jones, Ark. Ransom, to. Here is $30,000 .to be thrown away. We are on tbe line of NAYS-21. economy now. The other House did not appropriate it, and we Bate, Dolph, Mills, Vest, bad better insist on thosa things that are necessary. It is hard Berry, Felton, Peffer, White, work to get money to carry on the Government, and when you Blodgett, Hansbrough, Perkins, Wolcott. Carey, Harris, Power, are going to carry on a performance of this k ind, which I do not Cockrell, Jones, Nev. Stewart, think is very valuable, and we can not get enough money appro­ Coke, Kyle, Turpie, priated to survey the public lands, I do not think we should agree NOT VOTING-40. to the amendment. Blackburn, F:tulltner, Hunton, Quay, Mr. VEST. Let us have the yeas and nays on the amendment. Brice, Gibson, La. Irby, Sherman, Mr. STEWART. Yes; let us have the yeas and nays. Butler, Gordon, Kenna, Squire, Carlisle, Gorman, McMillall, Stanford, The yeas and nays were ordered. Casey, Gray, McPherson, Teller, Mr. FRYE. Does the Senator from Missouri desire the yeas Colquitt, Hale, Mitchell, Vance, and nays on the pending question? The next item appropriates Daniel, Higgins, Morgan, Voorhees, Dawes, Hill, Morrill, Walthall, $30,000 for this purpose. Dixon, Hiscock, Pasco, Washburn, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The yeas and nays have been or­ Dubois, Hoar, Pettigrew, Wilson. dered, and the roll will be called on agreeing to the amendment of the committee. So the amendment was agreed to. The Secretary proceeded to call the roll. The reading of the bill was re3umed. The next amendment Mr. DANIEL (when his name was called). I am paired with was, on page o6, line 15, before the word "thousand," to strike the Senator from Washington [Mr SQUIRE]. out" three" and insert" four;:' so as to make the clause.read: Mr. HARRIS (when his name was called,). Transferring my For rent of ofilce rooms in Washingtcn, D. C., $4,200. pair to the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY], I vote" nay." The amendment was agreed to. Mr. McPHERSON (when his name was called). I am paired The next amendment was, on page 66, line 16, after the word with the Senator from Delaware [Mr. HIGGINS]. "all," to insert "for the United St:Ltes Geological Survey;" and Mr. QUAY (when his name was called}. I again announce my inline17, before the words ';four hundred," to strike out.'' fifteen pair with the junior Senator from West Virginia fMr. FAULK- thousand and" and insert" sixty-two thousand;" so as to made NER]. . the clause read: Mr. WALTHALL (when his name was called). I am paired In all, for the United States Geological Survey, $!:6!,400. with the junior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. DIXON]. The amendment was agreed to. The roll-call having been concluded, the result was announced­ The next amendment was, under the head of" Miscellaneous yeas 29, nays 18; as follows: objects," on page 66, after line 19, to insert: YEA8-2ll. Aldrich, Davis, Manderson, Sawyer, ELEVENTH CENSUS. Allen, Dolph, Palmer, Shoup, For salaries and necessary expenses for continuing the work of compilin~ Allison, Frye, Perkins, Stockbridge, the results of the Eleventh Census, $800,000. Blackburn, Gallinger, Platt, Vilas, For the work of the division of farms, homes, and mortgages, $150,(}JJ._ gall, Gibson,Md. Proctor, Warren. ameron, Hawley, Pugh, The amendment was agreed to. Chandler, Hunton, Ransom, The next amendment was, at the beginning of page 67, to in­ Cullom, Jones, Ark. Sanders, NAYS-lR sert: That the appropriation of $250,000, made by the act of March 3, 1891, for Bate, Coke, Mills, Vest, printing the final reports of the Eleventh Census, be, and the same is hereby, Berry, Felton. Peffer, White, made available for the fiscal year 1893, and until the completion of said work, Blodgett, Hansbrough, Power, Wolcott. under the limitations and conditions prescribed by said act. Brice, Harris, . Stewart, Carey, Kyle, Turpie, The amendment was agreed to. \ NOT VOTING-41. The next amendment was, in the appropriations for " Supreme Butler, Gibson, La. Kenna, Squire, Court Reports," on page 67, line 11, after the words "one hun­ Carlisle, Gordon, McMillan, Stanford, Casey, Gorman, McPherson, Teller, dred and," to strikeout'' forty-five" and insert'' forty-nine·" and Cockrell, Gray, Mitchell, Vance, in line 15, after the date "1~ 9," to strike out "saven hundr~d Colquitt, Hale, Morgan, Voorhees, and sixty ' and insert "one thousand three hundred and sixty­ Daniel, Higgins, Morrill, Walthall, Dawes, Hill. Paddock, Washburn, eight;" so as to make the clause read: Dixon, Hiscock, Pasco, Wilson. To pay the reporter of decisions of the Supreme Court of the United State3 Dubois, Hoar, Pettigrew, for 76 copies, each, of volumes H1 to 149, inclusive, of the United States Re­ Faulkner, Irby, Quay, ports, at a rat.e not exceeding $2 per volume, under the provisions of section George, Jones, Nev. Sherman, ~ or the act or February 1:~, 1889, $1 ,368. So the amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, at the beginning of page 66, to in- The next amendment was, in the appropriations for "Govern­ sert: ment Hospital for the Insane," on page 67, line 2~, after the word For paleontologic researches relating to the geology of the United States, " National," to strike out '' Homes " and insert " Home; " so as to $30,000. read: Mr. WOLCOTT. I call for the yeas and uays on that amend­ For cm·rent expenses of the Government Hospital for the Insane: For support. clothing, and treatment in the Government Hospital for the In­ ment. sane of the insane from the Army and Navy, Marine Corp3, Revenue-cutter The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Secretary proceeded Service, and inmates of the Tational Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, to call the roll. persons charged with or convicted of crimes against the United States who Mr. COLQUITT(when hisname was called). lam paired with are insane, etc. the Senator from Iowa [Mr. WILSON]. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CULLOM (when his name was called). My pair with the The next amendment was, on page 68, line 8, before the word Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY] having been transferred to ''thousand," two strike out" twe.Ive" and insert "twenty:" so as the Senator from Vermont [Mr. MORRILL], I vote "yea." to make the clause read: Mr. DANIEL (when his name was called). I am paired with For general repairs and improvements, $20,000. ~e Senator from Washington [Mr. SQUIP.E]. The amendment was agreed to.

·. ..

5894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY~'

The next amendment was, on page 68, after line 9, to insert: _1r.JONESof Arkansas. Iaskthechairmanof thecommittee For additional accommodations for the epileptic insane, including the in charge of the bill to agree to insert, after the word " improv~~ furnishing and radiators, $68,250. ment," in line 6, in the provision proposed to be stricken out, the The amendment was agreed to. words" in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior," and The next amendment was, on page 68, line 17, before the word that after that amendment is mad.e the puragraph may remain "thousand. 'to strike out "fiva" and insert 'seven;" so as to in the bill. make the claus3 read: It is unnecessary for me to explain that the amendment which For inclosing new farm and refitting buildings thereon for hospital use, I propose will leave the matter entirely within the discretion of $7,000. the Secrataryof the Interior as to whether he will make this im­ The amendment was agreed to. provement or not. I think it ought to be left in the discretion The next amendment was in the appropriations for" Colum­ of the Secretary to make the improvement or not as he sees fit. bia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb,"at the beginning of page The amendment propos=d by the committee would strike the 69, to insert: provision out, and would not allow him to make the improvement For buildings and grounds, as follows: if he thought it was material and necessary to be done. For inclosure. care, and improvement of grounds, $2,000. I think the matter ought to be left in the discretion of the For repairs of buildings, including repairs of heating apparatus, plumb· ing, and sewerage, $2,000 .• Secretsry, and if the chairman will agree to the amendment which I propose and then agree to recede from the committee The amendment was agreed to. amendment striking out the paragraph, justice will be done to The next amendment was, in the appropriations for'' Howard the Hot Sprino-s and the Government at the same time. University,' on page 69, line 11, before the word "dollars," to Mr. HARRIS. Where does the Senator propose his amend­ strike out" twenty thousand" and insert': twenty-four thousand ment to come in? three hundred; "so as to make the clause read: Mr. ALLISON. The committee made a careful examination For maintenance of the Howard University, to be used in payment of part of or the salaries of the l>fficers, professors, teachers, and other re!?ular _em· this matter. ployes of the university, the balance of which will be pa~d fr

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1892.' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5895

Mr. JONES of Arkansas. In continuation of what I have just Mr. ALLISON. If the Senator understands me to mean any !;laid, I will ask the Senate to listen to the reading of a letter such thing, he totally misapprehends my meaning. He knowf? from the Secretary of the Interior, in which he explains his posi­ what I mean by accommodations there. I do not mean hotel tion in this mattel'. It is addressed to Hon. C. R. BRECKIN­ bills. l=tiDGE, of the House ofRepresentatives, who is a member of th9 Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The Secretary of the Interior says Committee on Appropriations, and is in the following words: he has no.objection to this appropriation of $30,000, except that DEP ART:.MENT OF THE INTERIOR, this money might better be appropriated to some other improve~ Washington, March 24, 1892. ment. This leaves the matter entirely in his discretion, and he Sm: Referring to your letter of the 21st instant, inclosing House bill 7219, can make the other improvements if they are desirable and relating to the improvement of Lake Reserve, on Whittington avenue, Hot leaves this $30,000 to be appropriated for this opeci1ic purpose Springs, Ark., asking my views and recommendations regarding the mat­ ter, and also for a statement of receipts and expenditures a.t Hot Springs after the improvements which he thinks ought to be made have for the last ten years, I have the honor to make the following suggestions: 'been made. I regard the improvement of Lake Reserve as a. desirable object provided The VICE-PRESIDENT. The questionison the amendment the funds at command shall be sufficient to accomplish this object after more important improvements are made, and this is a matter which can not be submitted by the Senator from Arkansas [Nfr. JONES], to perfect determined until after the sale of lots on the 12th of April, nor until surveys the text proposed to be stricken out. [Putting the question.] and estimates are made of other pressing necessities. •.rhe ''ayes" appear to have it. The "ayes" have it, and the For instance, I regard the improvement of the mountain reservations and making roads and drives over them to a. reasonable extent. so as to make amendment is agreed to. them accessible to tourists, of more importance than the improvement Mr~ ALLISON. I shall ask for the yeas and nays on this of Lake Reserve, b)lt am entirel-y at a loss as to what amount of money will amendment, but I ask that it maybe passed over until to-morrow. be needed to make such improvements, and without more definite knowl­ edge than I now have on the subject, I am not prepared to advise that so The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will ba pass2d over. large an expenditure as $30,000 for this pm·pose shall be made obligatory on The reading of the bill will be resumed. the Secretary. I would therefore recommend that the word "empowered" M1'. JONES of Arkansas. I should like to offer an amendment be substituted for the word "directed •· in the fourth line of the first section or this bilL at the end of the paragraph. I thought the paragraph would I inclose statement of receipts and expenditures·for the last ten years as be read in full before the amendment was passed over. I offer shown by the records of this Department. A more detailed statement will the amendment which I send to the desk to come in after line 20, have to be obtained from the Treasury Department. Very respectfully, on page 71, at the end of the paragraph which has just been JOHN W NOBLE, See1·etary. passed over. Hon. C. R. BRECKlNRIDGE, .The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. United States House of Repre8entatit'es. The SECRETARY. At the end of line 20, on page 71, it is pro­ posed to add: Statement showing yearly 7'eceipts and expenditures of Hot Bprinqs, A1·k., from Army and Navy hospit~.J.: For the improvement and maintenance of the 1882 to 1891, inclusive. grounds about the Army and Navy hospital at Hot Springs, Ark., to con­ tinue available until expended, $7,9e0.60. Receipts. Expenditures. Mr. ALLISON. I will say to the Senator from Arkansas that Advanced to that amendment will be in ord3r after the committee's amend­ superintend­ For improve­ ments are disposed of. It relates to another matter. I hop3 the Year. Appropria­ ent for sal­ ment of creek Senator will withdraw it until the committee's amendments are Water rents. tions. aries and in­ from July, cidental ex- 1883, to May, disposed of. penses. 1837. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Then I withdraw the amendment, and shall offer it after the committee·samendments are disposed 1882------$4,714.50 $33,744.78 $3,985.84 $14.9, 030. 08 of. 1883------4, 732.50 500.00 The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment 1884------3,805.l0 ---- ·--r~;ooo:oo· 1, 150.34 3,805.00 8,000.00 5,424.12 of the Committee on Appropriations was, under the head of 3, 805.00 20,000.00 6,800.00 "Under the War Department," in the appropriations "for the 1887------1~ ==~~==~~======3, 805.00 5, 700.00 Rock Island Arsenal, Rook Island, Til.," at th 3 beginning of page 1888------11,133.90 8,100. 00 72, to insert: 3.889------11,490.00 7,200.00 15,198.35 4,900.00 To complete shop K, an iron finishing shop for the armory, $7,800. 15,565.85 23,000.00 To complete storehouse K, $8,750. ~Wt ==~~==~======The amendment was agreed to. 78,055.10 136,744.78 66,740.30 149,030.08 78,055.10 66,740.30 The next amendment was, on page 72, line 5, before the word ''thousand " to strike out '' three" and insert ''fifteen·" so as to Total ______--·------· 214,799.88 215,770.38 make the d1aus3 read: ' For machinery and shop fixttu·es, $15,00J. The expenditures exceeded the receipts during the ten years sta.te.d $9'i0.50 This wa.s ma.de possible by the balance to the credit of the account in 1882. '.rhe amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 72, line 6, to insert: 8 ~oc~~~ -~~~~~~=~~~~~~~-~~~--~~=~-~~~--~~~~~~~~~-~~~-~:_e_~-~:~~ $44,200.00 For hospital, $38,580. Expended for same------43, on.O:l The amendment was agreed to. Balance ______. ______1, 122. 91 The next amendment was, on page 72, line 13, before the word Appropriation for improvement of roads.------·---______5, 000.00 "thousand," to strikeout" six" and insert" nine;" so as to make No expenditures on this appropriation. the clause read: For general care, preservation, and improvements; for care and pre~rva­ Mr. President, the amendment which I have suggested to the tion of the water power; for painting and care and preservation of permanent Senate will leave this matter absolutely in the discretion of the buildings, bridges, and shores of the island; for building fences and sewers, Secretary of the Int3rior, and why there should be any dispo­ and grading grounds, $9,000. sition on the part of gentlemen on the other side of the Cham­ The amendment was agreed to. ber to deny to the Secretary of the Interior that discretion, I The next amendment was, in the appropriations "for the Rock confess I can not understand. I insist that this discretion ought Island bridge," on page 72, line 16, before the word "thousand," to be vested in him, and I ask for a vote on my amendment. to strike out "five," and insert "fifteen;" so as to make the Mr. ALLISON. Just one word in response to the Senator clause read: from Arkansas. After hearing read 'the letter of the Secretary For care, praser>ation, and e:Arpense o! maintaining a.n:l operating the of the Interior, in which he states that he thinks that this im­ draw, $15,000. provement might be made out of these funds af"t.rer certain other The amendment was agreed to. things are done, I, for one, am not quite willing to allow this dis­ The next amendment was, on page 72, aft3r line 18, to insert: cretion to be placed in the hands of the Secretary. I do not think For overhauling and reconstructing the floor systems and substituting any portion of the money for this Hot Springs reservation should metal for wooden joists in the roadways of the brld&"es connecting the Rock Island Arsenal and the cities of Rock Island, IlL, an:.~ Davenport, Iowa, $5:>,- be used for this purpose, certainly not until the people who are 000: Provided, That the Secretary or War shall require the Chicago, Rock compelled to go there, and who are in poverty and not able to Island and Pacific Railroad Company to reimburse to the United States one­ stay at the large hotels, are provided with means to have the half of the expenses incurred in said work, for which that comp3.ny is liable under its gu:1ranty executed to the United States under the acts of Cong ess advantages of that reservation. providing for the construction of said bridge, 'but the Unite:l States shall Mr. JONES of Arkansas. The Senator certainly can not be pay the whole expense of flooring the wagon roa1way. in earnest when he intimates to the Senate that the proceeds of The amendment w-as agreed to. the sale of lands and the proceeds of the sale of hot water from The next amendment was, in the appropriations for" Colum­ the springs are to be used for providing accommodations for bia Arsenal, Columbia, Tenn.," on page 73, after line 14, to in­ people who are not able to pay hotel bills. There has been no sert: l!lOney appropriated for any such purpose, and no one knows it For payment for work done and material furnished in the construction of betteJ• than the Senator from Iowa. buildings at said arsenal, $4,000.

, ... 5896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE., JULY

The amendment was agreed to. The object, as stated in the act, was to es tablish a military school The next amendment was, on page 74, line 14, before the word for cavalry and artillery p ~r p ose s. It is about the central portion ''thousand," to strike out "forty" and insert "sixty;" so as to of the eastern one-half of Kansas, in the midst of one of the best make the clause r ead: agricultural regions in the world. We pr oduce immense quan­ Repairs of arsenals: To meet such unforseen expenditures at arsenals as tities of corn, of wheat, of cat tle, of hogs, and sheep, and vege­ accidents or other contingencies during the year may render necessary, tables in every conceivable vari'::l ty, so far as the products of the f60,0 :JO. temperate zone are concerned. The amendment was agreed to. In 1889 we produced in the neighborhood of 60,000,000 bushels The next amendment was, in the appropriations for "buildings of wheat. Only last year our farmers produced something over and ground!3 in and around Washington," on page 75, line 5, to 260,000,000 bushels of corn. This year our products may be equal increase the appropriations "for care and improvement of mon­ to those of last year. So that the Lieutenant-General acted with ument grounds," from "$2,500 'to "$5,000." great wisdom and prudence in suggesting the establishment of The amendment was agre3d to. a military school in that particular part of the country. The next amendment was, on page 75, line 20, before the word In addition to that, the land is peculiarly well situated and "thousand,' to strike out "one" and insert " two;" so as to make arranged naturally for the p urposes for which it is proposed to the clause read: lay out this r eservation. The ground is r olling, delightfully For purchase and repair of tools, $2,000. undulating, presenting a variety of surface, so that the accus­ The amendment was agreed tO. tomed drill of the Army may ba had in perfection. There are The next amendment was, in the appr opriations "for repairs streams of water, and the r eservation itself, including something and fuel at th3Ex:ecative Mansion," on page 77, in line 1, before like 20,000 a cres of land, is one of the largest military r eserva­ the word'' thousand," to strike out'' sixteen" and insert'' twenty­ tions in the country, lying immediately upon the bank of the six;" so as to make the clause read: R epublican River at its junction with the Kansas River, and For care, repair, and refurnishing the Executive Mansion. [26,000, to be lying upon one of the great railway thoroughfares of the country, expended by contract or otherwise, as the President may determine. the Union Pacific. 8o that there is ample facility for trans­ The amendment was agreed to. porting troops east, west, north, and south, and in all directions. The next amendment was, on page 77, line 5, before the word Something over $400,000 have already been expended upon "thous:md," to strike out "four'' and insert "five;" so as to this reservation. I have h ere the diagram for the inspection of make the clause read: Senators who care to look at it, showing the work which has al­ For care and necessary repair of greenhouses, $5,000. ready b 3en done, and what is propo3ed to be done; how the The amendment was agreed to. grounds are laid. out, how the buildings are arranged, how the The next amendment was, on page 77, line 8, before the word r Jadways have already been constructed, with a display of the "thousand," to strike out "two" and insert "three;" so as to buildings already erected and in use, and those proposed to be make the clause read: c Jnstructed. The military authorities in command a ~ the post For renewing the superstructures of two greenhouses connected with the have kindly furnished me with copies of statements showing the Executive Mansion, $3,000. • cost of buildings ah'eady erected and in use, and an estimate for The amendment was agreed to. the buildings which are needed. While Col. Forsyth, in com­ The next amendment was, on page 78, line 17, after the word mand, gives it as his opinion from the estimates that about$±00,- '' thousand," to insert '' five hundred;" so as to make the clause 000 will yet ba required to complete the work at this reservation, read: to make it such as it is intended to be by tha law, about $110,000 is needed at this time in order that the work may go on properly. Telegraph to connect the Capitol with the Departments and Government Printing O.tnce: For care and repair of existing lines, $1,500. It is for that reason that I ask, not to incraase the appropria­ The amendment was agreed to. tion, but simply to set apart the amount proposed to be appro­ The next amendment was, on page 79, after line 12, insert: priated by the committ3e for this particular purpose. to Mr. PERKINS. Mr. President, I only desire to say a word Fishways at Great Falls: To complete the erection of flshways at the Great Falls of the Potomac, $15,000. in addition to what has be;m so well said by my colleague. This improvement was CQmmenced under the actofCongresstowhich The amendment was agreed to. my colleague has called attention, and upon th e recommenda­ The next amendment was, in the appropriations for "military tion of Gen. Sheridan. It has been prosecuted now for three posts," on page 79, line 19, before the word "thousand," to strike ~years or more. Quit3 a large su~ of money has been expended out" three hundred and fifty" and insert" five hundred;" so as in carrying out the design of Congress, providing buildings lay­ to read: ing out the grounds, improving them, and doing the work inci­ For the construction of buildings at and the enlargement of such military dent to the formation of a school of instruction for cavalry and posts as, in the judgment of the Secretary of War, may be necessary, $500,000. artillery purposes. It was the old fort there for years known as The amendment was agreed to. Fort Riley, as suggested by my c::>lleague, beautifully located The next amendment was at the end of the same cla·.1se, on upon the banks of the Republican River. At this fort the Gov- page 80, line 3, to add the following pr ovisos: ernment owns 20,000 acres of ground, which it was contemplated Providedfur·ther, Tha.t not exceeding $0~ , 000 of the sum herein appropri- should be utilized in connection with the school of instruction, ated may be used for reconstructing Fort McKinney, Wyoming. Provided and in connection with the fort. It was in consequenee of this further, That the$100,000 appropriated by act approved May 12, 1892, for the large reservation, or partly in consequence of it, that the then establishment of a military post at Helena, Mont. , may be used, when title lieut ~nant-general made his recommendation and made his se· to the land shall have been acquired, not only for locating the post and the - construction or buildings, but also in providing proper sewerage and an ad- lection. equate water supply: And the Secretary or War is hereby authorized to As suggested by my colleague, and of course as is known to establish a mllitary post at a point near the northern frontier, where he · 1 d · h' 1 f all · may, in his judgment, deem it for the public good: Provided, That suitable all, it is happily ocate In a geograp Ica way or sect10ns. land for the purpose is donated free ot cost to the United States, and that of the country, convenient to the posts of the West, and where the title shall be declared valid by the Attorney-General. the Government can secure at the cheafest price possible the Mr. PEFFER. I desire to offer an amendment to the amend- necessary supplies for the Army as wel as for the -post which ment proposed by the committee, on page 80, in line 3, after the may be carried on and maintained at that place. The Govern- words "P't·ovidedfurther," to insert what I send to the desk. ment has 20,000 acres of land for this reservation where many The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be stated. of the horses needed by the Government can be raised. This The SECRETARY. On page 80, line 3, after the words "P1·o- location possesses every necessary advantage, and it occurs to videafw·ther," it is proposed to insert: us that thera is no reason in the world why at this time there That of said sum $110,000 shall be used in continuing improvements at Fort should be any s':spension of t~e appropri.a tion which is ~eeded Riley military reservation. for the prosecutiOn and carrymg on of this work so that It may p FFER M p · h be completed. Every argument, it seems to me, would suggest Mr. E . :· re s idell~, on t .e 29th day of January, the propriety of making this appropriation specific so that the 1887, ~n act was ~pproved, the first sect1on of which, after the I k b • ted to completion To suspend it now would enactmg clause 1s as follows: war c~n e pr 0 se~u · That the Se cret~ry of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed rdesul t Ifn the end mt gi:o3 at lossthtot ~hethGovmd·ntmh~n t, bekcat~slel wet to establish upon the military reservation at Fort Riley a permanent school o not or a momen pi esume a m e en IS wor Wl no of instruction for drill and pt·actice for the cavalry and light-artillery serv· be completed. ice of th~ Army of the U~ited States. and which shall be the depot to which The school was organized, as I have -said, upon the r ccommen­ all recrmts for such serVlce shall be sent; and for the purpos ~ of construe- dation of Gen Sheridan and no department officer has e ver I;~n ~Je~ri~eq~a;~~!~ ~~~~r~sac~ni1!t;~so~s~&8.eo~e~~~~~~~h~~~~ doubted the a~curacy of his judgment or the wise selection made as may be necessary, is her~ by appropriated out of any money in the 'l'rea.s- by him when recommending this enterprise and the organiza­ ury not otherwise appropnated. tion of the school of instruction thera. Hence we do not presume This act was passed largely in pursuance of a recommendation for one moment that this work is to be abandoned. To suspend madebythethenLieutenant-GeneraloftheArmy,Gen.Sheridan. it now and fail to make the necessary appropriation to carry it

.- 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5897 on would in the end r esult in great loss, I think, to the Govern­ If, however, the Senator from Iowa, who has charge of this ment. bill, thinks that to make this specific appropriation would ba a. For that reason we thought it was better that out of this ap­ departure from the practice which has pr.evailed heretofore, and propria tion there should be a specific appropriation for this pur­ the general appropriation is to be expended es the Secretary of ...... ; pose. As suggested by my colleague, we do not ask to increase War may think wise and proper, we make no complaint. the amount carried by the bill, but only ask that there shall be Mr. ALLISON. I think the amount , $500,000, inserted by the a specific direction in this bill that of this sum so much shall be Senat3 committee in this bill is small enough. I should have .... -· used asisnecessaryfor carrying on, prosecuting, and completing lleen glad myself personally to have made it larger; but we the work already organized and commenced. thought we would deal with it p ractically and try to procure a Mr. ALLISON. Mr. President, I regret that the junior Sen­ half million dollars, and under this appropriation I have no ator from Kansas and the ssnior Senator from Kansas ha'""e doubt Fort Riley will secure its just proportion. asked this app'ropriation. It is utterly impossible for the Con­ Mr. PEFFER. I have never yet been able to withstand the gress to divide up and segregate the gross appropriations for persuasive eloquence of my excellent friend from Iowa [Mr. AL­ military posts. What has been said, and so well said, by the LISON], and the present occasion is no exception to the rule, I Senators from Kansas in respect to the Fort Riley post may be discover. I shall therefore not insist upon the amendment. mid with equal propriety as respects a great many others. The The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment of the Senator po3t at Fort Riley is an important cavalry post. The Govern­ from KanEaS being withdrawn, the question recurs on the amend­ ment has a hrge reservation there. We have already expended ment proposed by the committee. a large amount of money there. The Senators from Kansas may Mr. PAL 1:ER. I should like to inquire of the Senator from p er :h aps remember the exact amount. Iowa if he is especially attached to the lac:: t proviso in the amend­ Mr. PERKINS. Nearly $400,000 in the aggregate. ment, which reads: Mr. PEFFER. It is a little over that; $4~6,000, I think. Provi8.ed, That suitable land for the purpose is donated free of cost to the Mr. ALLISON. I do not care to get the exact amount, but United Stat.es, and that the title shall be declared valid by the Attorney­ since 1887 we have expended annually upon the post at Fort Ri­ General. ley, I think, $100,000 on an average; but the Senators may be This amendment provides for the establishment of a post near right that the total sum is only $48o,OOO. the northern frontier, where the Secretary of War, in his judg­ We have posts in progress at Denver, in the neighborhood' of ment, may deem it for the public good. His power to establish Omaha, at Chicago, at Atlanta, and a number of other places that post is limited by the condition that a tract of land be do­ not in my mind at this moment,all of themimportantposts,and na ~ ed to the United States for that purpose. all of them in progress_, The House of Representatives for all 1 am so impressed with tlie evil of accepting donations of land those posts has provided in this bill $350,000, to be divided up by for public purposes that, unless the Senator is specially attached the Secretary of War in his discretion. We have enlarged that to the provision of that proviso, I should b3 glad if it were sum to $500,000. In the Book of Estimates the Secretary of W~· stricken out. If a post is required on the northern frontier, and estimates for Army posts two million and a half of dollars. it is to be located according to the judgment of the Secret.ary of The Senator from Kansas says that he does not propose to in­ War, the limitation upon his discretion that he shall not estab­ crease the aggregate of this appropriation; certainly not, but lish that post unles3somepersonorcorporation tenders him suit­ - . ·he proposes that out of an aggregate of estimat~s of two mil­ able land for the pnrposa is, I think, an improper restriction lions and a half dollars, and an appropriation of a half million, upon his discretion. Provisions which imply a donation of land Fort Riley shall take $110,000 of it. If we should increase the hint at a job, hint at the suggestion of some private interest. aggregate appropriations here to two and a half million dolla.rs, My experience is that the whole system of accepting donations then we might give Fort Riley properly$110,000, but if the total of land from priva.te parties for public parpcses i::; mischievous aggregate is to be a half million dollars it ismanifestthatitwill and wrortg. . not be just to the other posts to allow this great sum to Fort While I shall not move to strike out the proviso, I confes3 that Riley, which is now, I must say, as well equipped and better my experience in another position is EO much against the idea of equipped for the purposes of that post than any of the others limiting the dh:cretion of the Secretary of War or of-any public n amed or proposed in any of the legislation of recent years. officer, and making it dependent upon the fact that some inter­ Therefore if any post is to be overlooked in this matter, it seems ested party tender3 him land for the purpos ::l , that I shall vote to 'me it should be the post at Fort Riley. There is ample pro­ for the amendment or submit to the amendment with very great -rision there now for all that is necessary to be done for the cav­ repugnance. If the Senator from Iowa would consent, I should alry purp::1ses of the Army. be glad that the proviso should be stricken out. Now, l am to be answered, I suppose, by the Senator from '.rhe practice is pernicious. The discration of the Secretary Kansas by saying that we have made a proviso that $50,000 of sho.1ld not be limited or .controlled. We OCJght not to accept this sum shall go to Fort McKinney. That was done on the let­ gifts, bec3.use a gift always implies something; it implies that ter of the Secretary of War, because the Fort McKinney post, at private interests have snggested this apparent service to the which there are now two regiments, I think, was burned down public, but it conceals a job ordinarily. during the pendency of the progress of this bill, and it is neces­ Mr. ALLISON. I am largely in sympathy with the general sary really that that post shall be partially rebuilt for the s 0 l~ views suggested by the Senator from Illinois [Mr. PALMER], but diers who are actually in rendezvous there. the practice of receiving donations of public land for military I trust the Senators from Kansas will not p ress the amend­ po3ts has been so frequent, that I think it has almost resolved ment, which requires more than one-fifth of the total sum ap­ it'3elf into a custom. I remembe1' two or three years ago we propriated in this bill for military posts to be placed at Fort est1blishea a military post at Chicago, in the State of Illinois, Riley. Kansas is fortunate as respects military posts. It has a certainly one of the richest cities, and one of the richest States great post at Fort Leavenworth, a school, and a military prison. in the Union, and yet we provided in the bill authorizing that So that Kansas can not complain certainly as respects the gan­ military post that the land. upon which it was to be situated eral distribution of the public funds to the uses of the fi.rmy in sho.1ld be donated to the Umted States. The same was the case that State. I trust, therefore, that the s:mior Senator from Kan­ at Denver. sas will withdraw his amendment. :Mr. PADDOCK. And also at Omaha. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is.o:d the amendment \:1r. ALLISON. Also at Omaha. I see Senators rise up all submitted by the Senator from Kansas [Mr. PEFFER]. around me and give intimation regarding the posts i'll their re­ Mr. PERKINS. Mr. President, I on~y desire to say one word spective States. It was true also as to the post at Helena. in answer to the Senator from Iowa. . Mr. COKE. And at El Paso. We do not desira to be unreasonable in our demands. Realiz­ Mr. ALLISON. At EL Paso, Tex., and I suppose it would be ing, however, the importance of this post to the cavalry service the same at San Antonio, Tex., if the Government had not itself as well as the artillery service, realizing its importance to the owned all the land within several hundred miles of the post. I country, its geographical location, its accessibility to all the do not know precisely the object of this additional military post, posts of the West where cavalry and artillery forces are likely but I suppose it is for the purpose of casting a little indication to be needed, if needed at all, and the fact that the Government in the direction of our northern frontier, s:> that at so;ne time has this great reservation there, we did think that it was perhaps we may have a post there as well as at El Paso or at San An­ reasonable to ask that a specific appropriation be made to carry tonio; in other words, that our posts should ba distributed so as on and prosecute to completion the work already commenced. to cover our entire frontier. Therefore I think it is very pr oper But if, in view of the spirit of economy which prevails, there is to allow the Secretary of War to selE.ct this post with ca!-e. It to be a general reduction, a general ratrenchment of expenses is t') be on the northern frontier. for this purpose, of course we can not complain if we share in That is a very extensive frontier, a'3 the Senator from illinois that general reduction. We do not, however, desire to be dis­ knows. It extends, I think, from Passamaquoddy to the Pacific criminated against, nor do we desire to put ourselves in the po­ Ocean. There is a wide range for selection, and I have no doubt sition of being unreasonable in our demands. the Secret~ry of War, through some of the older and more ex-

,~ 5898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 8,

perienced military officers, will make a selection of a site which Senate, and reached so far as to involve the merits of the oriO'­ 'will be satisfactory. I think, owing to the numerous precedents, inal controversy. In the course of the arguments there we~e 'there will be no objection on the part of the Government of the Eevere reflections upon the management of the Carnegie works f United States, to accepting a location, if one can be found, and at Homestead. I have in my hand what seems to be a sort of I trust the Senator from Illinois will waive his objection. official statement from Mr. ~.,rick, the gentleman in charge of Mr. PALMER. Mr. President, I desire to say that I am. the Carnegie Company's works at Homestead, Pa., which ap­ aware that a donation was made for the establishment of Fort pears to me mig·htto go, in connection with what transpired yes­ Sheridan, near Chicago, but I desire to state in addition that I terday, to the country through the same vehicle which con'\feyed learned by my experience as governor of the State of illinois, .. the severe and hostile criticisms. If necessary to secure its pub­ that such donations generally are based upon some strong con­ lication in the RECORD I will read it, but I auppose the Senate ' . sideration of special interest and that the public interests are will not insist upon having it read. I will therefore ask per­ not always the sole consideration for selecting a particular site. mission to have it printed in the RECORD as part of myremarks. I am aware, too, of the necessity oi such a post. My own im­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request pression would be that it should be on the northern frontier made by the Senator from Pennsylvania? west of the mountains. I have an impression that somewhere Mr. COCKRELL. What is the length of the matter referred on the south we shall find it necessary at some time to establish to? a very strong military post; but with the post we contemplate Mr. QUAY. About a column of a newspaper. at Helena, Mont., I should think there was no requirement for The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? a post of any particular strength east of the mountains. Mr. PALMER. I did not quite understand the Senator from I can not get rid of the impression, knowing, as I do, that the Pennsylvania. Is it a communication fromsomeprivateperson? United States is entirely able to buy and that it is not a matter Mr. QUAY. It is what seems to be in a manner an official of charity, as it' is sometimes with a p :: or State, that the discre­ statement from Mr. Frick, the Carnegie manager, of the causes tion oi the Secretary of War should be absolutely unlimited. of the dispute between the management and the workmen. It is said that donations have been made at many points, at The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the paper be­ El Paso for instance. That does not at all commend it to my ing printed in the RECORD? judgment. I apprehend that in every one of these donations, if Mr. PEFFER. Mr. President, I rise to say a wqrd before I investigated carefully, it would be found that some private in­ determine whether to object or not. terest, not patriotism, not mere love oi country, butsomeprivate If the statement referred tobythe Senator from Pennsylvania interest had been subserved by these donations. Of course near is simila.r to the one which appeared in the papers this morning Chicago, in fact in the State of Illinois, we are rarely influenced or yesterday evening as having come from Mr. Frick, in which by merely private considerations, but if the history of the loca­ he placed the blame for this entire calamitous occurrence upon tion of Camp Sheridan was carefully investigated, there would the workmen at Homestead, I object most seriously to its going probably be discoveries which would disclose that somebody had into the RECORD without a. counter statement from them. If it made money by it. is not of that character, I shall of course have no objection. I Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I think the Senator from Illi­ think it would be very well, unless the Senator states somewhat nois [Mr. PALMER] is perhaps hardly justified in making intima­ in detail or at least substantially what the paper contains, to tions of the kind he has, and if he has the specifications he ought have it read. to present them. The statement he makes would imply a lack Mr. QUAY. I have no doubt it is the identical paper to which of integrity on the part of the chief officers of the Army. They the Senator from Kansas refers. have studied this whole question. They are going through a Mr. PEFFER. Then I shall object. process of change in the location of the Army. What used to Mr. QUAY. The effect of the objection of the Senator from be called ''the frontier" has entirely disappeared with• the set­ Kansas is simply to compel me to read the paper instead of hav­ tlement of the country and the settlement of the Indian ques­ ing it printed without reading. So far as the workmen are con­ tion, and they are now readjusting the chief points for the loca­ cerned I am perfectly willing to present their statement when­ tion of the Army, with a view to exterior defense and also for ever it comes here. protection against domestic violence. They intend to have the Mr. PEFFER. I should not object if we had the statements main body of the troops where they can be easily thrown on here together. I only want fairness in this matter. The dis­ either the northern or southern frontier OJ' where in a case of pute is unquestionably between the owner of the works and the insurrection or enormous riots the troops can be easily concen­ men who have builded the works, and if the statement of one is trated. to go to the country derogatory to the other, I want the state­ It is purely a professional question with the Army. The most ment of the other. That is all. If it is true that it is the same experienced and skillful officers we have, I think, have been statement which was printed in the newspapers, I object to it at studying the question for years, and hence come these appar­ this time. I should have no sort of objection if there was a ently large appeals for new posts. There is no extravagance in counter statement from the workmen. them, but there is real economy in them, for a great multitude Mr. QUAY. I desire to say in this connection that my sym­ of smaller posts are being ~ntirely disposed of. pathies are very largely with the workingmen. I do not desire There is common sense and economy in this appropriation. I the Senator from Kan.sas to place me in the position of attempt­ do not care to hurry the erection of posts or to make them too ing to do anything which would prejudice their cause in the eyes fast. I do not know how much of this appropriation the General of the public. That is not my intention. But Mr. Frick was not of the Army has asked for. Some of it he has, and much of it here yesterday when he was reflected upon. Without objection he will be glad to have. He does not wish to go any faster than on the part of the Senator from Kansas or anyone else, that was Congress is willing to give the means of doing. allowed to go. · . Mr. PALMER. I make no motion. I merely submit this Mr. PEFFER. Mr. President, I am not responsible for what question to the judgment of the chairman of the Committee on was stated upon the floor of the Senate by Senators. It is now Appropriations. proposed to put in the RECORD the statement of the proprietor, The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the amendment or the gentleman who represents the proprietor of the Home· reported by the Committee on Appropriations, on page 80, be­ stead iron works, and in the absence of-a count9r statement from ginning in line 3. the men whom h~ charges with being the cause of the trouble, The amendment was agreed to. I ,think I should b9 derelict in my duty did I not protest against Mr. ALLISON. It is manifest that we can not finish this bill it. to-night. Therefore I move that the Senate adjourn. Mr. QUAY. I will say to the Senator from Kansas that I Mr. QUAY. Will the Senator from Iowa withdraw his mo­ shall telegraph to Homestead this evening for the counter state­ tion for a moment? ment. Mr. ALLISON. I will. Mr. PEFFER. When that statement comes I shall make no HOUSE BILL REFERRED. objection. The bill (H. R. 8033) to reduce the duty on tin plate, terne Mr. QUAY. When it comes I will read it. plate, and taggers tin, and to repeal paragraph 209 of section 1 Mr. PEFFER. I do not want this to go in until the counter of an act entitled "An act to reduce the revenues, and for other statement comes. I have no objection to its being read. purposes," was read twice by its title, and referred to the Com­ Mr. QUAY. Well, :Mr. President, I will proceed to read the mittee on Finance. document, or, if the Senator from Kansas has no objection, I will ask the Secretary to relieve me by reading it. Does the Senator RIOT AT HOMESTEAD, PA. object to that? Mr. QUAY. Mr. President, the debate yesterday upon the Mr. PEFFER. I have no objection to its being read by the killing of the men of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Secretary. Steel Workers at Homestead, Pa., was so very discursive, it The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read as re­ ranged so widely from the subject of the resolution before the quested. I' .· 1892. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5899

"Yes, sir. A leading ex-official of the Amalgamat-ed Association, when The Chief Clerk read as follows: this rioting was going on, called on the sheriff, and, I am informed, asked , PITTSBURG, PA., July7. him to come down to see me, stating that if he could get a promise that we In an interview this afternoon Mr. H. C. Frick, chairman of the Carnegie would confer with the representatives of the Amalgamated Association Steel Company (limited), said: looking toward an adjustment of this trouble he would go to Homestead and "The question at issue is a very grave one. It is whether the Carnegie try and stop the rioting. I told the ~entleman who called that we would not Company or the Amalgamated Association shall have absolut-e control of confer with the Amalgamated Association officials; that it was their follow­ olir plant. We have decided, after numerous fruitless conferences with the ers who were rioting and destroying our property, and we would not accept A.Inalga~ated officials in the attempt to aplicably adjust the existing diftl· his proposition. At the same time this representative of our former work· culties, to operate the plant ourselves. men said that they were willing to accept the terms o:!fered, and concede "I can say with the greatest emphasis that under no circumstances will everything we asked except the date of the termination of the scale, which ~e have any further dealings with the Amalgamated Association as an or· they insisted should be June 30 in place of December 31." ganization. This is final. The Edgar Thomson works and our establish­ '"\Vhat of the future of this diftlculty?" ment at Duquesne are both operated by workmtn who are. not members of "It is in the hands of the authorities of Allegheny County. If theyareun· the Amalgamated Association with the greatest satisfaction to ourselves and able to cope with it, it certainly is the duty of the governor of the State to to the unquestionable advantage of our employes. At both of these plants see that we n.ra permitted to operate our establishment unmolested. The the work in every department goes on uninterrupted; the men are not har­ men engaged by us through the Pinkerton agencies were sent up to Home­ rassed by the interference of trades-union offic1als, and the best evidence stead with the full knowledge or the sheriff, and by him placed in charge of that their wages are satisfact.ory is shown in the fact that we have ne>er his chief deputy, Col. Gray, and, as we know, with instructions to deputize had a strike there since they began working under our system of manage­ them in case it became necessary. We have made an impartial investiga­ ment." tion, and are satisfied beyond doubt that the watchmen employed by us were "What was the basis of the differences existing at present between the fired upon by our former workmen and their friends for twenty-five minutes Carnegie Company and their men, .Mr. Frick?" before they reached our property, and were fu·ed upon after they had reached "There were three points upon which we differed. The !!killed workmen our property. That they did not retufn the fire until after the boats had 41 the Amalgamated Association work under what is known as a sliding touched the shore, and after three of the watchmen had been wounded, one scale. As the price of steel advances the earnings of the men advance; as fatally. After a number of the watchmen were wounded, and Capt. Rodgers, the prices fall their earnings decrease in proportion. While there is no limit in charge of the towboat, at their request, had taken the injured away, leav­ to an advance of earnings on the scale, there is a point at which the decline ing the barges at our works unprotected, our former workmen refused to stops. It is known as the minimum, and the figure heretofore has been $25 allow Cap~. Rodgers to return to the barges that he might remove them from per ton for 4 by 4 Bessemer billets. We believe that if earnings based on the our property, but fired at him and fatally injured one of the crew. selling price of steel ~an advance without limit the workmen should be wil­ "While nobody could regret the occurrences of the past few days more ling to follow the selling pr,ce down to a reasonable minimum, and so this than myself, yet it is my duty, as the executive head of the Carnegie Com· gf~~ was finally fixed by the Carnegie Company at th~ rate of $23 instead pany, to protect the interests of the association. We desire to and will pro­ tect our property at all hazards. So far as Congressional investigation is "The reason for asking thisuponour part was that the Carnegie Company concerned, I can say with the utmost candor that we welcome the investiga­ has spent large sums of money in the introduction of new machinery in its tion proposed. We are prepared to submit facts and figures which will con­ Hhomestead plant, by means of which the workmen were enabled to increase vince unprejudiced men of the equity of our position. More than this, I be­ t e daily output, thereby increasing the amount of their earnings. We had lieve that when all of the facts are known revelations will be made which _...... originally asked a reduction to $22, but subsequently agreed to compromise will emphasize the justice of our claims." the rate at $23. The Amalgamated Association was unwilling to consider a "How do you regard the present troubles at Homestead from a political ? reduction below $9.A on steel billets, notwithstanding the fact that the im· standpoint? What effect will it have as a tariff issue in the political cam- proved machinery would enable their members, even at $23, to earn more paign of the coming fall?'' than is paid in other Amalgamated mills. This was the first point at issue. "We have never ~iven a thought as to what effect our atrairs might have "Under the present Amalgamated system the date of the expirationofthe on either of the polltical parties. We can not; afford to run our business and sliding scale is June 30 annually. We asked that this date be changed to run politics at the same time. It would prove very unprofitable if we were December 3l (the same as at the Edgar Thomson Works), for the reason to trim our sails to meet political issues, At the same time I may say that the chan~e would permit us to take our estimate upon the wages we that it is not a matter in which the protective tariff is involved, and every must pay durmg the year beginning on January 1, so that we would be en· intelligent man, whether he be a manufacturer or employ~. is aware of the abled to make contracts for the year accordingly. This point the Amalga· fact. It is, however, a question as to whether or not the proprietors or its mated Association refused to accede, and demanded the old date. workmen will manage the works." "The third proposition was thereductionin tonnage rates in those depart­ ments in the mill where the improvements I have spoken of have been made, Mr. CHANDLER. I should like to ask the SenatoP from and which enable the workingmen to increase the output, and consequently Pennsylvania whether that is a signed paper? their earnings. Where no such improvements have been made there was no Mr. QUAY. It is not signed. request upon our part for a reduction in tonnage rates. In other words, ·we asked no reduction in any department at which the output had not been Mr. CHANDLER. I ask whether the Senator has any reason greatly incr~ed by reason of our expensive improvements since the scale for supposing it is authentic, except that be finds it in a morn­ of 1889 went into e:!fect. We are prepared to show that in nearly every de­ ing newspaper? partment, under our proposed reduction in the tonnage rates, the skilled workmen could make more money than they did when the scale of 1889 went Mr. QUAY. I have no reason at all. into effect. Mr. CHANDLER. May I ask the Senator in what paper it "As a rule the men who were making the largest wages in the Homestead appeared? mill were the ones who most bitterly denounced the proposed revision of the scale, for out ot the 3,800 men employed in every department only 325 Mr. QUAY. The Washington Post. were directly a.trected by this reduction. Mr. CHANDLER. This morning? "Finding that it was impossible to arrive at any agreement with the Amal­ Mr. QUAY. Yes, sir. gamated otficials, we decided to close our works at Homestead. Immedi­ ately the town was taken possession of by the workmen. An advisory com­ Mr. PEFFER. I desire to have reada statement made in this mittee of fifty took upon itself the direction of the affairs of the place. The morning's Post by a gentleman whose name is attached to the streets were patrolled by men appo:W.ted by the committee, and every statement, so that it may go along with the other matter which stran~er entering the town became an object of surveillance, was closely questiOned, and if there was the slightest reason to suspect him he was or­ has just been read, until at lea'3t an answer comes from the tele­ dered to leave the place instantly under a threat of bodily harm. Guards gram which my friend from Pennsylvania expects to dispatch were stationed at every approach to Homestead by this self-organized local this evening. government. "Otu· employes were prohibited from going to the mills, and we, as owners Mr. QUAY. The telegram has already been dispatched to the of the property, were compelled to stand by, powerless to conduct the affairs president of the Amalgamated Ironand Steel Workers' Associa­ ot,our business or direct its management. 'l'his condition of affairs lasted tion. I have no objection to the reading of the paper referred until Tuesday, when I appealed to the sherifl' of Allegheny County, stating the facts as I have outlined them. The sherifl'visited Homestead and talked to by the Senator from Kansas. with the advisory committee. Its members a~ked that they be permitted to The VICE-PRESIDENT. The paper will be read. appoint men from their own number to act as deputy sheriifs. In other The Chief Clerk read as follows: words, the men who were interfering with the exercise of our corporate rights, preventing us from conducting our business affairs, requested that THE STRIKE AT HOMESTEAD-STEEL BILLET8-THE WAGE SC.A.LE-..il\'D THE they be clothed with the authority of deputy sheriffs to lake charge of our CONTRACT SYSTEM. plant . The sheriff declined their proposition and the advisory committee EP1TOR PosT: In your editorial on the Homestead strike in this morning's disbanded. The rest of the story is a familiar one; the handfu'l of deputies Post you declare that •· the company wished. in renewing their annual con· sent up by Sherif!' McCleary were surrounded by the mob and forced to leave tracts, to reduce the price on Bessemer steel billets from $25 to $23." This town, and then the watchmen were sent up to be landed on our property for would indicate to one not acquainted with the situation that the company the protection of our plant." was IDlling to pay $23 per ton as wages for the manufacture of steel billets. "Why did the Carnegie company call upon the Pinkertons for watchmen As a matter of fact, that is about the selling price o:r steel billets in the open to protect their property?'' market, and is a matt-er with which the workmen in the mills have not the " We did not see how else we could have protection. We only wanted them least connection further than the arbitrary agreement between them and for watchmen to protect our property, and see that workmen we would take Mr. Carnegie, by which steel billets were for convenience fixed on as the to Homestead-and we have had applications from manymen to go thereto article of the metal schedule upon the price of which 1\I.r. Carnegie's pet work-were not interfered with.'' scheme, the "sliding-wage scale," should be based. "Did you doubt the ability of the sheriff to enforce order at Homestead This sliding scale applied to every member of the Amalgamated Associa­ and protect your property?'' tion employed in the Homestead mill, and ·not to only two htmdred and ''Yes, sir; with local deputies. The facts concerning the engagement of eighty men, as you assert. To say nothing of the means by which the price the Pinkerton men are these: From past experience, not only with the of steel billets was reduced and the reduction maintained, there was an ab· present sheriff, but with others, we have found that he has been unable to solute and arbitraryreductionproposedof 12per cent, Mr.Frick,in his "ulti­ matum" ~a~ing a "concession" of $1 per t~m. thus making the reduction ~f{~~ ~=~:~:;;~~~~~~£0o~~~~u!e~~ f:.our property and pro- as finally ms1sted on by him 8 per cent. Again you say: "We brought the watchmen here as quietly as possible; had them taken to "The company asserted their right to fix the wage scale a.t the beginning Homestead at an hour of the night when we hoped to have them enter our of the calendar year instead of the 1st of July. They claimed the privilege works without any interference whatever and without meeting anybody. of regulating the do tails of their business according to their conception of We proposed to land them on our own property, and all our e:!forts were to its necessities-in other words, to make contracts for labor at a time when prevent the possibilities of a collision between our former workmen and our the knowledge of what they were to pay could be of use to them in contract· watchmen. We are to-day barred out of our property at Homestead, and mth· g_w~tl~\}:~.ir customers for the delivery of the manufactured products of have been since the 1st of July. '!'here is nobody in the mills up there now· eir . . they are standing a silent mass of machinery, with nobody to look after From this it would naturally be inferred that the contracts between the them. They are in the hands of our former workmen." company and its customers were all consummated during, say, the month of '' I!ave the men made overtures for a settlement of the difficulties since this January. Either that or that contracts were made after the tst of January trouble commenced?" and prior to the 1st of July sumcient in magnitude to keep the works busy ,. 7"

5900 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE.

for thEl year following. Is this in any degree true? Is it not true, on the On a division (demanded by Mr. REED), there were-ayes other hand, that the greater portion of the contracts are made between the 28, 1st of August and theIst of May? Your surprise that the workmen should noes 156. object to this "seemingly rea onable proposition" would, perhaps, be suc­ Mr. REED. Yeas and nays. ceeded by the fullest understanding i! you will stop to consider that they The yeas and nays were ordered. desired to make contracts for their services at a time when they could pre­ dict with some degree of accuracy what would be the demand for such serv­ The question was taken; and there were-yeas 26, nays 214, not ices. voting 88; as follows: · The statement made by Mr. Lovejoy, secretary of the company, given in YEAS-26. your news dispatches this morning, to the effect that "since early this morn­ Bellrnap, Harmer, Reed, Taylor, Tenn. ing we have been more anxious about the loss of life than the loss of Bergen, Henderson, Iowa Robinson, Pa. Taylor, E. B. property," is truly touching when it is considered that up to date the de­ Bingham, Huff, Scull, Tovm.send, struction of property amounted to the demolition of about tlfty feet of board Burrows, Johnson, N.Dak. Shonk, Waugh, fence. Caldwell, Jolley. Stone, C. W. Wright. F. S. SMITH. Cheatham, O'Neill, Pa. Stone, W. A. WASHINGTON, J uly 7. Enochs, Ray, Taylor, ill. Mr. CHANDLER. rmove that the Senate do now adjourn. NAYS-214. The motion was agreed to, and (at 6 o'clock and 17 minutes p. Abbott, Coolidge, Henderson, N.C. Patterson, Tenn. m. ) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Saturday, July9, 1892, Alexander, Coombs, Hoa.r, Patton, · .Amerman, Cooper, Holman, Paynter, at 12 o'clock, meridian. Arnold, Covert, Hooker, :Miss. Pear on, Babbitt, Cowles, Hopkins, IlL Pendleton, • Bailey, Cox, N.Y. Houk, Ohio Pierc , Baker , Cox, Tenn. Houk, Tenn. Powers, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Bankhead, Crain, Tex. J ohn.son, Ohio Price, Bartine, Crawford, Johnstone, S.C. Rayner, FRIDAY, July 8, 1892. Barwig, Crosby, Jones, Reilly, Beeman, Culberson, Kilgore, Robertson, La. The House met at 11 o'clock a.m., and was called to order by Beltzhoover, - Cummings, Kribbs, Rockwell, Bentley, Curtis, Kyle, Rusk, the Speaker. Blanchard, Daniell, Lane, Sayer ~ , Prayer by Rev. J. H. CUTHBERT, D . D. Bland, navis, Lanham, Scott, The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the Journal of the pro­ Blount, De Armond, Lapham, Seerley, Boatner, De Forest, Lawson, Va. Shell, ceedings of yesterday. Bowers, Dickerson, Lawson, Ga. Shively, Mr. TOWNSEND. Mr. Sp3aker, I suggest that there is no Bowman, Dixon, Layton, Simp on, quorum present this morning. Branch, Doan, Lester, Va. Snodgrass, Brawley, Dockery, Lester, Ga. Snow, . The SPEAKER. The Clerk will call the roll to ascertain the Breckinridge, Ark. Dolliver, Little, Spen-y, presence of a quorum. Bretz, Edmunds, Livingston, Stevens, The Clerk proceeded to call the roll, when the following mem­ Brickner, Ellis, Lockwood, Steward, 111. Brookshire, English, Long, Stewart, Tex. bers failed to answer to their names: Brosius, Enloe, Lynch, Stone, Ky. Alderson, Fellows, Ketcham, Robinson, Pa. Brown, Epes, Mallory, Stout, Allen, Fitch, Lagan, Rusk, Brunner, Everett, Mansur, Stump, Bacon, Fithian, Lawson, Ga. Sanford, Bryan, Fellows, Martin, Tarsney, Belden, Forman, Lewis, Shonk, Buchanan, N.J. Fitch, McAleer, Terry, Boutelle, Fowler, Little, Springer, Buchanan, Va. Fithian, McClellan, '.rillma.n, Breckinridge, Ky. Funston, Lockwood, Stahlnecker, Bullock, Forman, McDonald, Tracey, Brown, Fyan, Lodge, Stephenson, Bunn, Forney, McGann, Tucker, Busey, Geary, Magner, Stevens, Bunting, Fowler, McKaig, Turner, Bynum, Geissenhainer, McCreary, Stockdale, Bushnell, Gantz, McKinney, · VanHorn, Byrns, Gorman, McKeighan, St·orer. Butler. Geissenhainer, Mc1.1illin, Warner, Cable, Grady, Milliken, Taylor, J. D. Bynum, Gillespie, McRae, Washington, Castle, Griswold, Morse, Taylor, V . A. Cadmus, Goodnight, Meredith, Wat on, Causey, Hamilton, Newberry, Tillman, Caminetti, Grady, Meyer, Weadock, Chapin, Harmer, Norton, Turpin, Campbell, Greenleaf, Mitchell, Wheeler, Ala. Clover, Haugen, O'Donnell. Wadsworth, Capehart, Grout, Montgomery, Wheeler, Mich. Cockran, Hayes, Iowa Pattison, Ohio Walker, Caruth, Hall, Moore, White, Compton, Heard, Peel, Warwick, Castle, Hallowell, Moses, Whiting, Covert, • Hemphill, Pendleton, Wever, Catchings, Halvorson, . Mutchler, Wike, Craig, Pa. Henderson, Ill. Pickler, White, Cate, Hamilton, Oates, William , Mass. Crain, Tex. Hermann, Post, Willcox, Chipman, - Hare, o· Ferrall, William , N . C. Cummings, Hoar, Quackenbush, Williams, N. C. Clancy, Harries, O'Neil, Mass. William . Ill. Dingley, Hopkins, Pa. Randall, Wilson, Ky. Clarke, Ala. Harter, O'Neill, Mo. Wilson, Mo. Dungan, Hopkins, Ill. Rayner, Wilson, W. Va. Cobb, Ala. ·Hatch, Otis, Winn, Dunphy, Huff, Reyburn, Cobb, Mo. Haugen. Outhwaite, Wise, Elliott, Hull, Richardson, Coburn, Hayes, Iowa Owens, Wolverton, Enloe, Johnstone, S.C. Rite, Cockran, Haynes, Ohio Page, R. 1. Youmans. Cogswell, Heard, Page, Md. During the calling of the roll Compton, Hemphill, Parrett, Mr. WILSON of Washington said: Mr. Speaker, is it in order NOT VOTING-88. now to ask thatthegentlemanfromSouth Dakota [Mr. PICKLER] Alderson, Dunphy, Lind, Richardson, be excused? Allen, Dm·borow, Lodge, Rife, Andrew, Elliott, Loud, Russell~ The SPEAKER. This is simply a call to ascertain the pres­ Atkinson, Flick, Magner, Santora, ence of a quorum. Bacon, Funston, McCreary, Smith, The Clerk then resumed and completed the calling of the roll. Belden, Fyan, McKeighan, Springer, Boutelle, Geary, Miller, Stahlnecker, The SPEAKER. Two hundred and twenty-two gentlemen Breckinridge, Ky. Gorman, Milliken, Stephenson, have answered to their names. A quorum being present, the Broderick, Griswold, Morse, Stockdale, Clerk will read the Journal of the proceedings of yesterday. Busey, Hend rson, Ill. · Newberry, Storer, Byrns, Herbert, Norton, Sweet, Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, I move thaij ~he House do now ad- Cable, Hermann, O'Donnell, Taylor, J.D. journ. Causey, Hitt, Pattison, Ohio Taylor, V. A. Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Speaker-­ Chapin, Hooker , N.Y. Payne, Turpin, Clark, Wyo. Hopkins, Pa. Peel, Wadsworth, Mr. BURROWS. Mr. Speaker-- Clover Hull. Perkins, Walker The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Mc­ Crai~, Pa. Johnson, Ind. Pickler, Warwick, MILLIN]. Cuttmg, Kem, Post, "\Vever, Dalzell, Kendall, Quackenbush, Willcox, Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules, Dingley, Ketcham, Raines, Wilson, Ky. and approve the Journal. Donovan. Lagan, Ra,ndall, Wilson, Wash. The SPEAKER. The question will first b e taken on the mo­ Dungan, Lewis, Reyburn, Wilson, \V. Va. tion that the House do now adjourn, after which it will be put So the House refused to adjourn. on the motion of the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN]. The following pairs were announced: Mr. REED. One· moment. The Chair understands that we Until further notice: · reserve all points of order on that motion of the gentleman from Mr. GEARY with Mr. SANFORD. Tennessee. There is one motion to suspend the rules already Mr. STOCKDALE with Mr. BRODERICK. p ending. Mr. PATTISON oi Ohio with Mr. DOAN. The SPEAKER. The Chair will hear the gentleman when Mr. ALLEN with Mr. \VILSON of Kentucky. the time comes. Mr. CAUSEY with Mr. SHONK. Mr. REED. So that no rights will be lost with regard to it. Mr. CRAIG with Mr. BELDEN. The SPEAKER. No rights will be lost. The question is on Mr. LEWIS with Mr. GRISWOLD. the motion of the gentleman from Maine [Mr. REED] that the Mr. LAGAN with Mr. RANDALL. HOt:;.se do now adjourn. Mr. ANDREW with Mr. WALKER. The question being taken, the Speaker announced that the Mr. ELLIOTT with Mr. LODGE (except on free coinage of silver}. . JJOeJ' seemed to have it. Mr. MCCREARY with Mr. HITT .

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