ÄGYPTEN Energieeffizienz in Der Zement-, Metall- Und Glasindustrie

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ÄGYPTEN Energieeffizienz in Der Zement-, Metall- Und Glasindustrie ÄGYPTEN Energieeffizienz in der Zement-, Metall- und Glasindustrie Zielmarktanalyse 2017 mit Profilen der Marktakteure www.german-energy-solutions.de Impressum Herausgeber Deutsch – Arabische Industrie- und Handelskammer 21, Soliman Abaza St., Mohandessin, Kairo, Ägypten Tel: 0020 2 33368 183 Fax: 0020 2 33368 786 www.ahkmena.com Kontaktpersonen Christine George, M. Sc. [email protected] Marion Kussmann [email protected] Inhalt und Gestaltung Christine George, M. Sc. Stand Oktober 2017 Bildnachweis Al Ezz Al Dekheila Steel Co. – Alexandria (EZDK) Disclaimer Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zustimmung des Herausgebers. Sämtliche Inhalte wurden mit größtmöglicher Sorgfalt und nach bestem Wissen erstellt. Der Herausgeber übernimmt keine Gewähr für die Aktualität, Richtigkeit, Vollständigkeit oder Qualität der bereitgestellten Informationen. Für Schäden materieller oder immaterieller Art, die durch die Nutzung oder Nichtnutzung der dargebotenen Informationen unmittelbar oder mittelbar verursacht werden, haftet der Herausgeber nicht, sofern ihm nicht nachweislich vorsätzliches oder grob fahrlässiges Verschulden zur Last gelegt werden kann. Inhalt Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................................. 5 Tabellenverzeichnis ................................................................................................................................ 6 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................................ 7 Einheitenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................................... 8 Währungsverzeichnis .............................................................................................................................. 8 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................................. 9 1. Länderprofil Ägypten .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Geographie und Bevölkerung ....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. Wirtschaft, Struktur und Entwicklung ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.3. Wirtschaftsbeziehungen Deutschland – Ägypten ....................................................................................................... 16 1.4. Investitionsklima und -förderung ................................................................................................................................ 17 1.4.1. Ägypten im Spiegel internationaler Indizes und Wachstumsprognosen ........................................................ 17 1.4.2. Stand von FDI, Kapitalflüssen und Devisen .................................................................................................... 18 1.4.3. Investitionsförderung ....................................................................................................................................... 18 1.4.3.1. Abbau der Subventionen und Reformen ........................................................................................... 18 1.4.3.2. Neue PPP in Vorbereitung ................................................................................................................. 18 1.4.3.3. Neues Investitionsgesetz .................................................................................................................... 19 1.4.4. Weitere Infrastrukturprojekte .......................................................................................................................... 19 2. Energiemarkt Ägypten ........................................................................................................................ 21 2.1. Ägyptens Primärenergieverbrauch .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.2. Entwicklungen im Erdöl- und Erdgassektor ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3. Der Stromsektor .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.3.1. Aktueller Stand, energiepolitische Ziele und Strategien ................................................................................ 23 2.3.1.1. Siemens Mega-Projekt ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.1.2. Entwicklung der installierten Leistung und Spitzenlast ................................................................. 25 2.3.1.3. Erneuerbare Energien ....................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1.4. Kohle .................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.3.1.5. Pläne zur Nutzung von Kernenergie zur Stromerzeugung .............................................................. 26 2.3.2. Der Stromverbrauch ........................................................................................................................................ 26 2.3.3. Institutionelle Einrichtungen und Verwaltungsstruktur ................................................................................ 27 1 2.3.4. Das Stromnetz .................................................................................................................................................. 30 2.3.5. Netzausbau ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 2.3.6. Transnationale Netzanbindungen .................................................................................................................. 32 2.3.7. Strompreise und Subventionen ....................................................................................................................... 33 2.4. Gesetzliche Regelungen, Verordnungen und Anreizsysteme für Erneuerbare Energien ......................................... 37 2.4.1. Erneuerbare Energie auf der politischen Agenda ............................................................................................ 37 2.4.2. Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz und Einspeisevergütung ............................................................................... 38 2.4.3. Ausschreibungen.............................................................................................................................................. 39 2.4.4. Kommerzielle Projekte .................................................................................................................................... 39 2.5. Der zukünftige Strommix von Ägypten ...................................................................................................................... 40 3. Energieeffizienz in der Zement-, Eisen- & Stahl- und Glasindustrie .................................................... 41 3.1. Stromverbrauch und Energieintensität der ägyptischen Industrie ........................................................................... 41 3.2. Übersicht zur Energieeffizienz.................................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.1. Ägyptens nationale Strategie für Energieeffizienz .......................................................................................... 42 3.2.2. Institutionelles Rahmenwerk für Energieeffizienz ........................................................................................ 43 3.2.3. Regelungen für Energieeffizienz im ägyptischen Elektrizitätsgesetz und in der dazugehörenden Ausführungsordnung ................................................................................................................................................. 44 3.2.4. ESCOS in Ägypten ........................................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.5. European Energy Manager Training (EUREM) in Ägypten .......................................................................... 45 3.3. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bausektor ....................................................................................................................... 46 3.4. Energieeffizienz in der Zementindustrie.....................................................................................................................47 3.4.1. Übersicht zur Zementindustrie in Ägypten ......................................................................................................47 3.4.2. Wirtschaftsleistung und Exportfähigkeit der Zementbranche ...................................................................... 49 3.4.3. Der Wandel in der Energieversorgung und beim Kraftstoffmix der ägyptischen Zementindustrie ........... 50 3.4.4. Spezifischer Energieverbrauch
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