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tĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ ^ƉĞĐŝĂů^ĞƌŝĞƐ DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝƐƉĞĐŝĂůƐĞĐƟŽŶ ÊÃÃçÄ®ã®ÊÄ

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DOI͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĚǆ͘ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬ:Ždd͘Žϯϱϵϰ͘ϰϵϲϮͲϳϮͮŽŽĂŶŬ͗ƵƌŶ͗ůƐŝĚ͗ǌŽŽďĂŶŬ͘ŽƌŐ͗ƉƵď͗&ϬϯϮϬϮͲ&ϮϬͲϰϬϰͲϵϳϲͲϲϳϱϯϰ&ϳ

ĚŝƚŽƌ͗s͘^ĂŶƚŚĂƌĂŵ͕/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨŝƌĚ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐΘEĂƚƵƌĂů,ŝƐƚŽƌǇ͕ŚŝƩŽŽƌ͕/ŶĚŝĂ͘ ĂƚĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͗ϮϲEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ;ŽŶůŝŶĞΘƉƌŝŶƚͿ

DĂŶƵƐĐƌŝƉƚĚĞƚĂŝůƐ͗DƐηŽϯϱϵϰͮZĞĐĞŝǀĞĚϮϲƉƌŝůϮϬϭϯͮ&ŝŶĂůƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚϯϭKĐƚŽďĞƌϮϬϭϯͮ&ŝŶĂůůǇĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚϬϰEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϯ

ŝƚĂƟŽŶ͗ ĂďƵ͕^͘Θ^͘ŚƵƉĂƚŚǇ;ϮϬϭϯͿ͘ŝƌĚƐŽĨDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ>ĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕ƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ͕/ŶĚŝĂ͘Journal of Threatened Taxaϱ;ϭϱͿ͗ϰϵϲϮʹϰϵϳϮ; ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬ Ěǆ͘ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬ:Ždd͘Žϯϱϵϰ͘ϰϵϲϮͲϳϮ

ŽƉǇƌŝŐŚƚ͗ ©ĂďƵΘŚƵƉĂƚŚǇϮϬϭϯ͘ƌĞĂƟǀĞŽŵŵŽŶƐƩƌŝďƵƟŽŶϯ͘ϬhŶƉŽƌƚĞĚ>ŝĐĞŶƐĞ͘:ŽddĂůůŽǁƐƵŶƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚƵƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞŝŶĂŶǇŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶďǇƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞĐƌĞĚŝƚƚŽƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘

&ƵŶĚŝŶŐ͗dZͲW&͕ZƵīŽƌĚ^ŵĂůů'ƌĂŶƚĂŶĚDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇŽĨŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ&ŽƌĞƐƚƐ͕'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͘

ŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͗ƵƚŚŽƌƐĚĞĐůĂƌĞŶŽĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͘

ĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͗tĞƚŚĂŶŬdĂŵŝůEĂĚƵ&ŽƌĞƐƚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĨŽƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘KƵƌƐŝŶĐĞƌĞƚŚĂŶŬƐĂƌĞĚƵĞƚŽƌ͘W͘͘ǌĞĞǌĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐĂƚ^KE ĂŶĚt/>ĨŽƌƚŚĞĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘,ĞůƉƌĞŶĚĞƌĞĚďǇtZĂŶĚsEDĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƵƌǀĞǇƐŝƐŚŝŐŚůǇĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞĚ͘

dŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞĨŽƌŵƐƉĂƌƚŽĨĂƐƉĞĐŝĂůƐĞƌŝĞƐŽŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͕ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƟŶŐƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨǁŽƌŬƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƌŝƟĐĂůĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵWĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ&ƵŶĚ ;W&Ϳ͕ĂũŽŝŶƚŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞŽĨů͛ŐĞŶĐĞ&ƌĂŶĕĂŝƐĞĚĞĠǀĞůŽƉƉĞŵĞŶƚ͕ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů͕ƚŚĞƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ƚŚĞ'ůŽďĂůŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ&ĂĐŝůŝƚǇ͕ƚŚĞ'ŽǀͲ ĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨ:ĂƉĂŶ͕ƚŚĞDĂĐƌƚŚƵƌ&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞtŽƌůĚĂŶŬ͘ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůŐŽĂůŽĨW&ŝƐƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞĐŝǀŝůƐŽĐŝĞƚǇŝƐĞŶŐĂŐĞĚŝŶďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ /ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞW&ŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐŝƐůĞĚĂŶĚĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞƐŚŽŬĂdƌƵƐƚĨŽƌZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶĐŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ;dZͿ͘

ϰϵϲϮ Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy in elevation (up to 2695m in Anaimudi of Eravikulam perspective, the landscape acts as an important corridor National Park) and intensities of annual rainfall and linking Periyar Tiger Reserve and Grizzled Squirrel pattern (rain-shadow and rain-fed found in the eastern Wildlife Sanctuary. and western side of plateau respectively) form diverse Nichols (1944a,b; 1945) reported the occurrence floral (dry thorn forests to tropical montane shola and of the birds of erstwhile Madura District including grasslands) and faunal assemblages. The Western Meghamalai. After a lapse of over six decades, Bhupathy Ghats has been recognized as one of the eight hottest et al. (2012) collated some information on the birds hotspots of global biodiversity for having a high degree of Meghamalai area. Subsequently, the first author of endemic animals/km2 (Myers et al. 2000). Recently, while carrying out a CEPF-ATREE and Rufford Small 39 locations of the Ghats have been declared as World Grant project systematically recorded birds of the area Heritage Sites by the UNESCO as an appreciation of during June 2011–December 2012. The present study their diverse and unique flora and fauna (Downloaded highlights the importance of the area for conserving from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1342/ on 23 July birds in the Western Ghats. 2013). Daniels (2003) reported 508 bird species from the Western Ghats including 16 endemics, and BirdLife Materials and Methods International has identified the Western Ghats asan The Meghamalai landscape (9031’–90 51’N & 77010– Endemic Bird Area (Statersfield 1998). Rasmussen & 77030’E; ~480km2) comes under the administrative Anderton (2005) reported 26 endemic species from the control of the Theni Forest Division of Tamil Nadu State Western Ghats, but this is currently being debated. In (Fig. 1). The area has been included under the Periyar- the present paper, we consider 16 species as endemic to Agastiyamalai Corridor by Critical Ecosystem Partnership the Western Ghats. Fund (CEPF 2007). The major vegetation types include Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) program montane shola and grasslands, tropical wet evergreen, has accredited the Western Ghats and site-specific moist deciduous, dry deciduous forests, riparian and dry locations therein as high priority sites for protecting thorn forests, and economic crops (tea, coffee, cardamom highly threatened ecosystems (CEPF 2007). One such etc) and plantations (softwood and hard wood). A major site-specific location is Meghamalai. In a conservation portion of the landscape receives precipitation from

Figure 1. Surveyed areas in Meghamalai landscape, southern Western Ghats.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4962–4972 4963 Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy

ƚŚĞ ŶŽƌƚŚͲĞĂƐƚ ŵŽŶƐŽŽŶ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂƚĞĂƵƐ ;Śŝůů ƚŽƉƐͿ sĂƌƵƐĂŶĂĚ ,ŝůůƐ͘ ůĂĐŬͲĂŶĚͲKƌĂŶŐĞ &ůǇĐĂƚĐŚĞƌ Ficedula ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞŚŝŐŚĞƌƌĂŝŶĨĂůůĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚͲǁĞƐƚŵŽŶƐŽŽŶ͘ nigrorufa ǁĂƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ŝŶĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ ŝŶ sĞůůŝŵĂůĂŝ ĂŶĚ dŚĞŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶƐůŽƉĞŽĨƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞŚĂƐƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇďĞĞŶ DĂŶĂůĂƌĞƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘'ƌĞǇͲďƌĞĂƐƚĞĚ>ĂƵŐŚŝŶŐƚŚƌƵƐŚǁĂƐŽŶĞ ĚĞĐůĂƌĞĚ ĂƐ ͞DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ tŝůĚůŝĨĞ ^ĂŶĐƚƵĂƌǇ͟ ;dĂŵŝů ŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ EĂĚƵ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ'ĂǌĞƩĞ;ϮϬϬϵͿ͘ ĂŶŽƚĂďůĞŶƵŵďĞƌǁĞƌĞƐĞĞŶŝŶDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝDŽƵŶƚĂŝŶƐ͕ dŚĞ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ďŝƌĚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ǁĂƐ ǁŚŝĐŚƐƚĂƌƚƐĨƌŽŵ'ĂƌĚĂŶĂƐƚĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞĞĂƐƚƚŽhƉƉĞƌ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƐƟĐĂůůǇ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĮĞůĚ ǁŽƌŬ ďǇ ^Ąůŝŵ DĂŶĂůĂƌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĞƐƚ͘ EŝůŐŝƌŝ WŝƉŝƚ Anthus nilghiriensis ůŝĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌKƌŶŝƚŚŽůŽŐǇEĂƚƵƌĂů,ŝƐƚŽƌǇ;ϮϬϬϲʹϮϬϬϵͿ ĂŶĚ ƌŽĂĚͲƚĂŝůĞĚ 'ƌĂƐƐͲtĂƌďůĞƌ Schoenicola platyura ĂŶĚ tŝůĚůŝĨĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ >ŝĂŝƐŽŶ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ ǁĞƌĞƐĞůĚŽŵŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚŝŶŐƌĂƐƐůĂŶĚƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶDĂŚĂƌĂũĂ ;ϮϬϭϭʹϮϬϭϮͿ͘ /Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ǁĞ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽůůĂƚĞĚ ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌǇ DĞƩƵĂŶĚDĂǀĂĚŝƐƚĂƚĞ͘EŝůŐŝƌŝtŽŽĚͲWŝŐĞŽŶColumba ĚĂƚĂ ĨƌŽŵ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ ǁŽƌŬƐ ;EŝĐŚŽůƐ ϭϵϰϰĂ͕ď͕ ϭϵϰϱ͖ elphinstonii ǁĂƐ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƵƉƉĞƌ ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ ŝĚĚƵůƉŚ ϭϵϱϲͿ͘ dŚĞ ŶŽŵĞŶĐůĂƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ ŽŶ хϭϬϬϬŵͿ ǁĞƚ ĞǀĞƌŐƌĞĞŶ ƚƌĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ hƉƉĞƌ DĂŶĂůĂƌ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐƚĂƚƵƐ;ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ͕ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŵŝŐƌĂŶƚ͕ŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐͿ͕ sĞůůŝŵĂůĂŝƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘ ĞŶĚĞŵŝƐŵ ĂŶĚ ĨĞĞĚŝŶŐ ŐƵŝůĚ ;ĂƋƵĂƟĐ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƌŝĂŶ͕ &ŽƌƚǇ ;ϭϱ͘ϳйͿ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŽĨ ďŝƌĚƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĂŶŝǀŽƌĞ͕ĨƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ͕ƉŝƐĐŝǀŽƌĞ͕ĐĂƌŶŝǀŽƌĞ͕ŽŵŶŝǀŽƌĞĂŶĚ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ǁĞƌĞ ǁĞƚůĂŶĚ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ǁŚŝůĞ Ϯϭϰ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŶĞĐƚĂƌŝǀŽƌĞͿ ǁĞƌĞ ŐůĞĂŶĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ůŝ Θ ZŝƉůĞǇ ;ϭϵϴϯͿ͘ ǁĞƌĞĨŽƌĞƐƚĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ͘/ŶƐĞĐƟǀŽƌĞƐĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚƚŚĞďŝƌĚ dŚƌĞĂƚ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ŽĨ ĞĂĐŚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚͬƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ĂƐƐĞŵďůĂŐĞ ;ϭϯϬ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ϱϭйͿ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚ ďǇ ĨƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞƐ ƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞǁĂƐĞǆƚƌĂĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵ/hEZĞĚ>ŝƐƚ;/hE ;ϯϰ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ϭϯйͿ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌŶŝǀŽƌĞƐ ;Ϯϴ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ϭϭйͿ͘ ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ ŝŽŵĞͲƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚ ĂƐƐĞŵďůĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ďŝƌĚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƋƵĂƟĐ ;ŚĞƌďŝǀŽƌĞƐͿ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĐƚĂƌŝǀŽƌĞƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ;/ƐůĂŵΘZĂŚŵĂŶŝϮϬϬϰͿ͘ ůĞĂƐƚ;ĞĂĐŚϱƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕&ŝŐ͘ϮͿ͘ /ŶĂůů͕ϭϴŐůŽďĂůůǇƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚďŝƌĚƐǁĞƌĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĨƌŽŵ ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ƚŚŝƐ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƌŝƟĐĂůůǇ ŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ /ŶƚŽƚĂů͕ϮϱϰďŝƌĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐƚŽϱϱĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚ >ŽŶŐͲďŝůůĞĚ sƵůƚƵƌĞ Gyps indicus͖ ĂŶĚ tŚŝƚĞͲďĞůůŝĞĚ ϭϴŽƌĚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŝŶDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ;dĂďůĞϭͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ^ŚŽƌƚǁŝŶŐ͖ sƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ ƌŽĂĚͲƚĂŝůĞĚ 'ƌĂƐƐͲtĂƌďůĞƌ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚŽĨϭϬŵŝŐƌĂƚŽƌǇ͕ϱϯƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŵŝŐƌĂƚŽƌǇĂŶĚϭϵϭ Schoenicola platyura͕zĞůůŽǁͲƚŚƌŽĂƚĞĚƵůďƵůPycnonotus ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘dŚŝƐǁŽƌŬƐŽƵƚƚŽďĞϭϵйŽĨƚŚĞďŝƌĚ xantholaemus͕EŝůŐŝƌŝWŝƉŝƚAnthus nilghiriensisĂŶĚEŝůŐŝƌŝ ĨĂƵŶĂ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂ͘ &ŽƵƌƚĞĞŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ ĂƌĞ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ tŽŽĚʹƉŝŐĞŽŶĂŶĚϭϭEĞĂƌdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ;&ŝŐ͘ϯͿ͘ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ͘ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂďůĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞ'ƌĞǇʹ KƵƚŽĨƚŚĞϭϭEĞĂƌdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ͕ĨŽƵƌǁĞƌĞĂƋƵĂƟĐǁŚŝůĞ ďƌĞĂƐƚĞĚ>ĂƵŐŚŝŶŐƚŚƌƵƐŚGarrulax jerdoni;ϲŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐͬ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐĞǀĞŶ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĞƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĂů ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ ŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ Ŭŵ ŝŶ ƚĞĂ ĞƐƚĂƚĞƐͿ͕ DĂůĂďĂƌ 'ƌĞǇ ,ŽƌŶďŝůů Ocyceros ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĂƌĞĂ͕>ŽŶŐͲďŝůůĞĚsƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚ griseus ;ŇŽĐŬƐǁŝƚŚŽǀĞƌϯϬŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐͿĂŶĚtŚŝƚĞͲďĞůůŝĞĚ 'ƌĞǇͲŚĞĂĚĞĚ&ŝƐŚͲĂŐůĞ;>ĞƐƐĞƌͬ'ƌĞĂƚĞƌͿǁĞƌĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ^ŚŽƌƚǁŝŶŐBrachypteryx major;Ϭ͘ϴŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐͬŬŵŝŶƚĞĂ ƌĞƉŽƌƚƐ͘ ĞƐƚĂƚĞƐͿǁĞƌĞĨŽƵŶĚ͘KƵƚŽĨϱϱĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕DƵƐĐŝĐĂƉŝĚĂĞ ;ϰϳƐƉĞĐŝĞƐͿŚĂĚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďǇĐĐŝƉŝƚƌŝĚĂĞ;ϭϵͿĂŶĚŽůƵŵďŝĚĂĞ;ϭϮͿ͘ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ďŝƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ /ŶĂůů͕ϭϵϵƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨďŝƌĚƐǁĞƌĞĂĚĚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƌĞĐĞŶƚ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ŝŶ DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŝƐ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĂďůĞ ƚŽ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĂŶĚϮϯƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŽŶůǇŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚ;ϭϵϰϰʹϰϱͿ͘dŚĞ ZĞĚͲĨĂĐĞĚ DĂůŬŽŚĂ Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus ĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚďĞůŽĐĂƚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͘ƌŽƵŶĚϱϬй ϭϰϬ ĂŶĚ ϭϵй ŽĨ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ 'ŚĂƚƐ ϭϮϬ ĂŶĚ/ŶĚŝĂǁĞƌĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĨƌŽŵDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀĞůǇ͘ ϭϬϬ

ŽƌĂĐŝŝĨŽƌŵĞƐƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĨƌŽŵDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĞĚĨŽƌ ϴϬ

ϰϲй ŽĨ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŽĐĐƵƌ ŝŶ /ŶĚŝĂ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĚ ďǇ ϲϬ ƵĐƵůŝĨŽƌŵĞƐ;ϰϮйͿĂŶĚŝĐŽŶŝŝĨŽƌŵĞƐ;ϰϬйͿ͘ ϰϬ ůů ;ϭϰ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐͿ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ ĞǆĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ^ŵĂůů ^ƵŶďŝƌĚ EƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ϮϬ Nectarinia minima͕ ůƵĞͲǁŝŶŐĞĚ WĂƌĂŬĞĞƚ WƐŝƩĂĐƵůĂ Ϭ columboides͕ DĂůĂďĂƌ 'ƌĞǇ ,ŽƌŶďŝůů ĂŶĚ 'ƌĞǇͲŚĞĂĚĞĚ &'/EKW ƵůďƵů Pycnonotus priocephalus ǁĞƌĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ŝŶ &ŽƌĂŐŝŶŐŐƵŝůĚ ƵƉƉĞƌƌĞĂĐŚĞƐ;фϭϬϬϬŵͿĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͘tŚŝƚĞͲďĞůůŝĞĚdƌĞĞƉŝĞ &ŝŐƵƌĞϮ͘ŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨďŝƌĚƐďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐƚŽǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĨŽƌĂŐŝŶŐŐƵŝůĚƐ ŝŶDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘ ĞŶĚƌŽĐŝƩĂůĞƵĐŽŐĂƐƚƌĂǁĂƐĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ /Ͳ/ŶƐĞĐƟǀŽƌĞƐ͕EͲEĞĐƚĂƌŝǀŽƌĞƐ͕KͲKŵŶŝǀŽƌĞƐ͕WͲWŝƐĐŝǀŽƌĞƐ͕ ĐŽīĞĞ ĞƐƚĂƚĞƐ ŽĨ sĞůůŝŵĂůĂŝ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƌƚŚǁĞƐƚĞƌŶ ƐŝĚĞƐ ŽĨ ͲƋƵĂƟĐ;ŚĞƌďŝǀŽƌĞƐͿ͕ͲĂƌŶŝǀŽƌĞƐ͕&Ͳ&ƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞƐ͕'Ͳ'ƌĂŶŝǀŽƌĞƐ

4964 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4962–4972 Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy

ƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƵƌǀĞǇƐǁĞƌĞƵŶƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůŝŶůŽĐĂƟŶŐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ͘ Z dŚĞ ĚƌĂŵĂƟĐ ĚĞĐůŝŶĞ ŽĨ Gyps ǀƵůƚƵƌĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ϱй E sh ϲй ƐƵďĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚďǇWƌĂŬĂƐŚĞƚĂů͘;ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ ϮϮй dǁĞŶƚǇ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŽĨ ďŝƌĚƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ďǇ EŝĐŚŽůƐ ;ϭϵϰϰĂ͕ď͕ ϭϵϰϱ͖ͿǁĞƌĞŶŽƚƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĂůůŝŶƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ;ϮϬϬϲʹ ϮϬϭϮ͖dĂďůĞϭͿ͘dŚŝƐĐŽƵůĚďĞĚƵĞƚŽƚŚĞĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐǀƵůƚƵƌĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĂƌĞĂ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ŽŶĞ ĐĂƌŶŝǀŽƌŽƵƐ͕ ĨŽƵƌ ŐƌĂŶŝǀŽƌŽƵƐ͕ ϭϮ ŝŶƐĞĐƟǀŽƌŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ƉŝƐĐŝǀŽƌŽƵƐ ďŝƌĚƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĞĂƌůŝĞƌ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŶŽƚƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ;dĂďůĞϭͿ͘ŶĚĞŵŝĐ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ 'ƌĞǇͲďƌĞĂƐƚĞĚ >ĂƵŐŚŝŶŐͲƚŚƌƵƐŚ͕ EŝůŐŝƌŝͲtŽŽĚ WŝŐĞŽŶ͕ EŝůŐŝƌŝ WŝƉŝƚ ĂŶĚ EŝůŐŝƌŝ &ůǇĐĂƚĐŚĞƌ͕ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŶŽƚ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĞĂƌůŝĞƌ͘ /ŶĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƐƉĂƟĂů ĂŶĚ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂů ĐŽǀĞƌĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƐƵƌǀĞǇƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ ĚƵĞ ƚŽ ƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ Ed ŽƚŚĞƌĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŐĞŶŝĐĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐŵŝŐŚƚŚĂǀĞ ϲϳй ĐĂƵƐĞĚƚŚĞƐĞǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐŽƵƌŝŶĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ďŝƌĚ ĨĂƵŶĂ ŽĨ DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ͘ dŚĞ &ŝŐƵƌĞϯ͘ŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚďŝƌĚƐŝŶDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝĂƐƉĞƌ ŽŶůǇƐŝŐŚƚƌĞĐŽƌĚŽĨZĞĚͲĨĂĐĞĚDĂůŬŽŚĂPhaenicophaeus /hEĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͘ EdͲEĞĂƌdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ͕shͲsƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞ͕EͲŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ͕ pyrrhocephalus ŝƐ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ůŽǁ ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ZͲƌŝƟĐĂůůǇŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ ŽĨ DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ ;ŝĚĚƵůƉŚ ϭϵϱϲͿ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ,ŽīŵĂŶŶ ;ϭϵϵϲͿƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚƚŚŝƐĂƐĂƐƉƵƌŝŽƵƐƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚŝƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐǁĂƐŶŽƚŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĞĐĞŶƚƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͘ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨŽƌĞƐƚ ĂƌĞĂƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ůĂƌŐĞůǇ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ůĞĞǁĂƌĚ ƐŝĚĞ dŚĞ ŚŝŐŚ ƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƌĞĂ ŝƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞDƵĚƵŵĂůĂŝ ĂĐĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞĞǆƚĞŶƚŽĨŚŝŐŚĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ;фϭϰϬϬŵͿ tŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĂŶĐƚƵĂƌǇ;ϮϲϲƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ŶŝŶĞĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ͖'ŽŬƵůĂ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͕ ƐŽƵƚŚ ŽĨ ŶĂŵĂůĂŝƐ ;ƐĞĞ ŚƵƉĂƚŚǇ Θ ĂďƵ ΘsŝũĂǇĂŶϭϵϵϲͿ͕WĂůŶŝ,ŝůůƐ;ϮϳϳƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ϭϯĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ͖ ϮϬϭϯͿ͘ ,ŝŐŚ ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŚĂƌďŽƌ ĂůĂĐŚĂŶĚƌĂŶ Ğƚ Ăů͘ ϮϬϬϱͿ͕ ŶĂŵĂůĂŝ dŝŐĞƌ ZĞƐĞƌǀĞ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ůĂƌŐĞƌ ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ;Ϯϭϴ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ϭϮ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ͖ <ĂŶŶĂŶ ϭϵϵϴͿ͕ <ĂůĂŬŬĂĚͲ 'ŚĂƚƐ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŶƟŐƵŽƵƐ ƉĂƚĐŚĞƐ ŽĨ ĞǀĞƌŐƌĞĞŶ DƵŶĚĂŶƚŚƵƌĂŝdŝŐĞƌZĞƐĞƌǀĞ;ϮϳϯƐƉĞĐŝĞƐϭϱĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ͖ ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐƐƟůůƉĞƌƐŝƐƚŽŶƚŚĞǁĞƐƚĞƌŶƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕ :ŽŚŶƐŝŶŐŚϮϬϬϭͿĂŶĚ'ƌŝǌǌůĞĚ^ƋƵŝƌƌĞůtŝůĚůŝĨĞ^ĂŶĐƚƵĂƌǇ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŵĞƌŐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ WĞƌŝǇĂƌ dŝŐĞƌ ZĞƐĞƌǀĞ͘ tŝƚŚ ;ϮϮϬ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ ϭϰ ĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ͖ /ƐůĂŵ Θ ZĂŚŵĂŶŝ ϮϬϬϰͿ͘ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ ƚŽ ĨĞĞĚŝŶŐ ŐƵŝůĚƐ͕ ŝŶƐĞĐƟǀŽƌĞƐ ĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ sĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ĂůƟƚƵĚŝŶĂůŐƌĂĚŝĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞ ďŝƌĚĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďǇĨƌƵŐŝǀŽƌĞ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐĂŵƉůŝŶŐ ĞīŽƌƚƐ ŝŶ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂŶĚĐĂƌŶŝǀŽƌĞƐ͘ƐŝŵŝůĂƌƉĂƩĞƌŶŽĨŐƵŝůĚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞǁĂƐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƐƚƵĚǇ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞĐŽƌĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ŝŶ DƵĚƵŵĂůĂŝ tŝůĚůŝĨĞ ^ĂŶĐƚƵĂƌǇ ;'ŽŬƵůĂ Θ ŽĨ Ϯϱϰ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŝƐ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ϱϬй ŽĨ ϱϬϴ sŝũĂǇĂŶ ϭϵϵϲͿ͕ WĂůŶŝ ,ŝůůƐ ;^ŽŵĂƐƵŶĚĂƌĂŵ Θ sŝũĂǇĂŶ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚďŝƌĚƐŽĨƚŚĞtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ͘/ƚŝƐƚŽďĞŶŽƚĞĚ ϮϬϬϴͿ͕ DƵŶĚĂŶƚŚƵƌĂŝ ƉůĂƚĞĂƵ ;:ŽŚŶƐŝŶŐŚ Θ :ŽƐŚƵĂ ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚďŝƌĚůŝƐƚŽĨDĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝŝƐŝŶĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ϭϵϵϰͿĂŶĚŶĂŝŬĂƩǇ;EŝƌŵĂůĂϮϬϬϮͿŽĨtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐ͘ ĂŶĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐǁŽƵůĚĂĚĚŵŽƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘ ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŵĂũŽƌ ĨŽƌĂŐŝŶŐ ŐƵŝůĚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ,ŝŐŚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐŽĨďŝƌĚƐŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞĐŽƵůĚ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĂƌĞĂŚŽůĚƐǁŝĚĞĨŽŽĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ ďĞĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽƚĞƌƌĂŝŶ;ǁŝĚĞĂůƟƚƵĚŝŶĂůŐƌĂĚŝĞŶƚ͗ϮϬϬʹ dŚĞŚŝŐŚĚĞŐƌĞĞŽĨŐůŽďĂůůǇƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ;ϭϴƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ϮϬϬϬŵͿ͕ƌĂŝŶĨĂůůƉĂƩĞƌŶ;ůĞĞǁĂƌĚĂŶĚǁŝŶĚǁĂƌĚǌŽŶĞƐͿ сϭϭйŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂ͛ƐƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚďŝƌĚƐͿ͕ƌĂŶŐĞƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚ;ϭϰ ĂŶĚ ǀĞŐĞƚĂƟŽŶ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ ;ŚŝŐŚůǇ ŵŽƐĂŝĐ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐсϴϴйŽĨtĞƐƚĞƌŶ'ŚĂƚƐĞŶĚĞŵŝĐƐͿĂŶĚďŝŽŵĞͲ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĚŝƐƚƵƌďĂŶĐĞ ůĞǀĞůƐͿ͘ &ƵƌƚŚĞƌ͕ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ ϯϯ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ;ϱϲйͿ ŽĨ ϱϵ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŽƌĚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĨĂŵŝůǇ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ďŝƌĚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ŽĨ/ŶĚŽͲDĂůĂǇĂŶƚƌŽƉŝĐĂůĚƌǇǌŽŶĞĂŶĚϭϮŽĨϭϱƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ĂŶĚ ĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚ ĨŽŽĚ ;ϴϬйͿ ŽĨ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ƉĞŶŝŶƐƵůĂ ƚƌŽƉŝĐĂů ŵŽŝƐƚ ĨŽƌĞƐƚͿ ŝŶ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĨĂĐƚŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞ DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝĨƵůĮůůĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂƐĞƚĨŽƌƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌŝŶŐĂůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ;ZĞĐŚĞƌΘĂǀŝƐϮϬϬϮͿ͘ ĂƐĂŶ/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝƌĚƌĞĂ;/͖/ƐůĂŵΘZĂŚŵĂŶŝϮϬϬϰͿ͘ KŶĞǀƵůƚƵƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ;>ŽŶŐͲďŝůůĞĚsƵůƚƵƌĞGyps indicusͿ ZĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ DĞŐŚĂŵĂůĂŝ ĂƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ /Ɛ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞϭϵϰϬƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĞƌƐƚǁŚŝůĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ǁŽƵůĚ ƉĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ ĨŽƌ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ DĂĚƵƌĂ ŝƐƚƌŝĐƚ ;EŝĐŚŽůƐ ϭϵϰϰĂ͕ď͕ ϭϵϰϱͿ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐŝŶƚŚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞĨŽƌǁŝůĚůŝĨĞ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇďŝƌĚƐ͘

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4962–4972 4965 Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy

Table 1. Checklist of birds recorded in Meghamalai landscape, southern Western Ghats, India. Names after Manakadan & Pitte (2001).

Family / Common Family / Common Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Name Name Podicipedidae Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni LC R C 2 Tachybaptus Black-shouldered Little Grebe LC R P 2,3 Elanus caeruleus LC R C 2,3 ruficollis Kite Pelecanidae Black Kite Milvus migrans LC R O 2,3

Pelecanus Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus LC R O 2,3 Spot-billed Pelican NT RM P 3 philippensis Grey-headed Ichthyophaga Phalacrocoracidae Fish-Eagle (Lesser/ ichthyaetus / I. NT R P 1 Greater) humilis Phalacrocorax Little Cormorant LC RM P 1,2,3 niger Short-toed Snake- Circaetus gallicus LC R C 3 Eagle Phalacrocorax Indian Shag LC RM P 3 fuscicollis Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus CR R C 1 Anhingidae Crested Serpent- Spilornis cheela LC R C 2,3 Eagle Anhinga Darter NT RM P 3 melanogaster Ictinaetus Black Eagle LC R C 4 malayensis Ardeidae Hieraaetus Booted Eagle LC RM C 4 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea LC RM P 1,3 pennatus Grey Heron Ardea cinerea LC RM P 3 Shikra Accipiter badius LC R C 1,2,3 Large Egret Casmerodius albus LC RM P 3 Changeable Hawk- Spizaetus cirrhatus LC R C 2 Eagle Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis LC RM P 2,3 Rufous-bellied Hieraaetus kienerii LC R C 1 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis LC RM P 1 Eagle Ixobrychus Chestnut Bittern LC RM P 1 Falconidae cinnamomeus Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus LC RM C 2,3 Little Egret Egretta garzetta LC R P 2,3 Red-headed Falcon Falco chicquera LC R C 2 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii LC R P 2,3 Phasianidae Black-crowned Nycticorax LC R P 1,2 Night-Heron nycticorax Coturnix Rain Quail LC RM G 2 coromandelica Ciconiidae Francolinus Mycteria Grey Francolin LC R G 3 Painted Stork NT RM P 3 pondicerianus leucocephala Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica LC R G 3 Asian Openbill- Anastomus oscitans LC R I 3 Stork Blue-breasted Coturnix chinensis LC R G 1 Quail White-necked Ciconia episcopus LC R P 3 Stork Galloperdix Red Spurfowl LC R G 2,3 spadicea Threskiornithidae Grey Junglefowl Gallus sonneratii LC R G 2,3 Threskiornis Oriental White Ibis NT R I 3 melanocephalus Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus LC R G 2,3

Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa LC R I 3 Turnicidae Anatidae Common Turnix suscitator LC R G 1 Buttonquail Lesser Whistling- Dendrocygna LC R A 3 Duck javanica Rallidae Anas Rallina Spot-billed Duck LC RM A 3 Slaty-legged Crake LC RM I 1 poecilorhyncha eurizonoides Accipitridae Ruddy-breasted Porzana fusca LC R I 1 Crake Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes LC RM C 3 White-breasted Amaurornis Oriental Honey- Pernis LC R I 3 LC RM C 1,2,3 Waterhen phoenicurus Buzzard ptilorhynchus Purple Moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio LC R A 3 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus NT M C 2 Jacanidae Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus LC M C 2 Pheasant-tailed Hydrophasianus Eurasian LC R A 3 Accipiter nisus LC RM C 2 Jacana chirurgus Sparrowhawk

4966 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4962–4972 Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy

Family / Common Family / Common Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Name Name Rostratulidae Indian Plaintive Cacomantis LC R I 3 Cuckoo passerinus Greater Painted- Rostratula LC R G 1 Snipe benghalensis Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris LC R I 3 Charadriidae Small Green-billed Phaenicophaeus LC R I 2,3 Malkoha viridirostris Yellow-wattled Vanellus LC R I 3 Phaenicophaeus Lapwing malabaricus Sirkeer Malkoha LC R I 2,3 leschenaultii Red-wattled Vanellus indicus LC R I 2,3 Lapwing Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis LC R I 2,3 Scolopacidae Tytonidae

Common Barn Owl Tyto alba LC R C 2,3 Actitis hypoleucos LC RM I 1,3 Sandpiper Strigidae Pteroclididae Forest Eagle-Owl Bubo nipalensis LC R C 1,2,3 Chestnut-bellied Pterocles exustus LC R G 1 Sandgrouse Oriental Scops-Owl Otus sunia LC R C 2,3 Columbidae Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo LC R C 2,3

Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia LC R G 2,3 Collared Scops-Owl Otus bakkamoena LC R C 2,3 Nilgiri Wood- Columba Brown Fish-Owl Ketupa zeylonensis LC R C 3 VU R F 3 Pigeon elphinstonii * Mottled Wood-Owl Strix ocellata LC R C 2,3 Oriental Turtle Streptopelia LC RM G 4 Strix Dove orientalis Brown Wood-Owl LC R C 1,3 leptogrammica Streptopelia Little Brown Dove LC R G 2,3 Glaucidium senegalensis Jungle Owlet LC R C 2,3 radiatum Streptopelia Spotted Dove LC R G 2,3 chinensis Spotted Owlet Athene brama LC R C 2,3 Eurasian Collared- Streptopelia Brown Hawk-Owl Ninox scutulata LC R C 1,3 LC R G 2,3 Dove decaocto Caprimulgidae Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica LC R G 2,3 Indian Jungle Caprimulgus LC RM I 2,3 Orange-breasted Nightjar indicus Treron bicincta LC R F 3 Green-Pigeon Caprimulgus Jerdon’s Nightjar LC RM I 1 Pompadour Green- atripennis Treron pompadora LC R F 1,3 Pigeon Common Indian Caprimulgus LC R I 2,3 Yellow-legged Treron Nightjar asiaticus LC R F 3 Green-Pigeon phoenicoptera Apodidae Green Imperial- Ducula aenea LC R F 1,3 Indian Edible-nest Pigeon Collocalia unicolor LC R I 4 Swiftlet Mountain Imperial- Ducula badia LC R F 3 Pigeon House Swift Apus affinis LC RM I 3 Cypsiurus Psittacidae Asian Palm-Swift LC R I 3 balasiensis Rose-ringed Psittacula krameri LC R F 2,3 Parakeet Trogonidae Indian Hanging- Malabar Trogon Harpactes fasciatus LC R I 2,3 Loriculus vernalis LC R F 2,3 Parrot Alcedinidae Plum-headed Psittacula LC R F 2,3 Small Blue Parakeet cyanocephala Alcedo atthis LC RM P 2,3 Kingfisher Blue-winged Psittacula LC R G 2,3 Black-capped Parakeet columboides * Halcyon pileata LC R P 3 Kingfisher Cuculidae White-breasted Halcyon smyrnensis LC R P 2,3 Pied Crested Kingfisher Clamator jacobinus LC RM I 2,3 Cuckoo Stork-billed Halcyon capensis LC R P 1 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus LC RM I 3 Kingfisher Banded Bay Cacomantis Lesser Pied LC R I 3 Ceryle rudis LC R P 3 Cuckoo sonneratii Kingfisher Eudynamys Meropidae Asian Koel LC R I 2,3 scolopacea Blue-tailed Bee- Merops philippinus LC RM I 1,2 Brainfever Bird Hierococcyx varius LC R I 2,3 eater

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Family / Common Family / Common Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Name Name Blue-bearded Bee- Nyctyornis Jerdon’s Bush-Lark Mirafra affinis LC R I 1 LC R I 3 eater athertoni Rufous-tailed Ammomanes LC R I 2 Small Bee-eater Merops orientalis LC R I 2,3 Finch-Lark phoenicurus Chestnut-headed Merops Malabar Crested Galerida LC R I 2,3 LC R I 2 Bee-eater leschenaulti Lark malabarica Coraciidae Eastern Skylark Alauda gulgula LC R I 1

Coracias Hirundinidae Indian Roller LC RM I 2,3 benghalensis Dusky Crag-Martin Hirundo concolor LC R I 4 Upupidae House Swallow Hirundo tahitica LC R I 4 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops LC RM I 2,3 Red-rumped Hirundo daurica LC RM I 3 Bucerotidae Swallow Malabar Pied Anthracoceros Common Swallow Hirundo rustica LC RM I 2 NT R F 2 Hornbill coronatus Wire-tailed Great Pied Hornbill Hirundo smithii LC R I 3 Buceros bicornis NT R F 1,2,3 Swallow (Image 1) Motacillidae Indian Grey Ocyceros birostris LC R F 2 Dendronanthus Hornbill Forest Wagtail LC RM I 1,2,3 indicus Malabar Grey Ocyceros griseus * LC R F 2,3 Hornbill Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava LC RM I 3 Capitonidae White Wagtail Motacilla alba LC RM F 2

White-cheeked Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea LC M I 2,3 Megalaima viridis LC R F 1,2,3 Barbet Motacilla Large Pied Wagtail LC R I 3 Brown-headed Megalaima maderaspatensis LC R F 2,3 Barbet zeylanica Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus LC R I 3 Crimson-throated Megalaima Anthus nilghiriensis LC R F 2,3 Nilgiri Pipit VU R I 3 Barbet rubricapillus * Coppersmith Megalaima LC R F 2,3 Campephagidae Barbet haemacephala Black-headed Coracina LC RM I 2,3 Picidae Cuckoo-Shrike melanoptera Rufous Pied Flycatcher- Celeus brachyurus LC R I 1,2 Hemipus picatus LC R I 3 Woodpecker Shrike Brown- Large Cuckoo- Coracina macei LC R I 3 capped Pygmy Dendrocopos nanus LC R I 3,4 Shrike Woodpecker Pericrocotus Yellow-fronted Dendrocopos Scarlet Minivet LC R I 2,3 LC R I 4 flammeus Pied Woodpecker mahrattensis Tephrodornis Large Woodshrike LC R I 4 Little Scaly-bellied Picus gularis LC R I 3 Green Woodpecker xanthopygaeus Common Tephrodornis LC R I 2,3 Small Yellow-naped Woodshrike pondicerianus Picus chlorolophus LC R I 1 Woodpecker Pycnonotidae Common Dinopium Hypsipetes Golden-backed LC R I 3,4 Black Bulbul LC R F 3 javanense leucocephalus Woodpecker Black-crested Pycnonotus Lesser Golden- LC R F 2,3 Dinopium Bulbul melanicterus backed LC R I 1,2,3 benghalense Red-whiskered Woodpecker Pycnonotus jocosus LC R F 2,3 Bulbul Heart-spotted Hemicircus canente LC R I 1,3 White-browed Pycnonotus Woodpecker LC R F 3 Bulbul luteolus Black-shouldered Chrysocolaptes LC R I 1 Woodpecker festivus Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer LC R F 2,3 Pittidae Yellow-browed Iole indica LC R F 2,3 Bulbul Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura LC R I 1,2,3 Grey-headed Pycnonotus NT R F 2,3 Alaudidae Bulbul priocephalus * Ashy-crowned Yellow-throated Pycnonotus Eremopterix grisea LC R I 2 VU R F 2 Sparrow-Lark Bulbul xantholaemus

4968 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4962–4972 Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy

Family / Common Family / Common Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Name Name Irenidae Indian Rufous Turdoides subrufus LC R I 1,3 Babbler * Common Iora Aegithina tiphia LC R I 2,3 Greenish Leaf- Phylloscopus Asian Fairy- LC M I 3 Irena puella LC R F 2,3 Warbler trochiloides Bluebird Large-billed Leaf- Phylloscopus Chloropsis LC M I 1,3 Jerdon's Chloropsis LC R I 2,3 Warbler magnirostris cochinchinensis Blyth's Reed- Acrocephalus Gold-fronted Chloropsis LC RM I 2,3 LC R I 3 Warbler dumetorum Chloropsis aurifrons Western Crowned Phylloscopus LC RM I 1 Laniidae Warbler occipitalis Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus LC M I 2,3 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis LC R I 2,3 Southern Grey Streaked Fantail- Lanius meridionalis LC RM I 3 Cisticola juncidis LC R I 1 Shrike (?) Warbler Rufous-backed Indian Great Reed- Acrocephalus Lanius schach LC R I 2,3 LC R I 3 Shrike Warbler stentoreus Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus LC R I 2,3 Orthotomus Common Tailorbird LC R I 2,3 sutorius Muscicapidae Broad-tailed Grass- Schoenicola Blue-headed Rock- Monticola VU R I 1,3 LC RM I 1,2 Warbler platyura * Thrush cinclorhynchus Hume’s Lesser Sylvia althaea LC M I 4 Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius LC RM I 3 Whitethroat Indian Blue Robin Luscinia brunnea LC RM I 1,3 Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis LC M I 1

Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma LC RM I 1 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina LC RM I 2,3 Oriental Magpie- Asian Brown Muscicapa Copsychus saularis LC R I 2,3 LC RM I 2,3 Robin Flycatcher dauurica Orange-headed Brown-breasted Zoothera citrina LC R I 3 Muscicapa muttui LC RM I 3 Thrush Flycatcher White-rumped Copsychus Rusty-tailed Muscicapa LC R I 2,3 LC M I 1 Shama malabaricus Flycatcher ruficauda Malabar Whistling- Myiophonus Grey-headed Culicicapa LC R I 1,2,3 LC R I 2,3 Thrush (Image 2) horsfieldii Flycatcher ceylonensis

Saxicoloides Tickell's Blue- Indian Robin LC R I 2,3 Cyornis tickelliae LC R I 2,3 fulicata Flycatcher Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata LC R I 2,3 Black-and-Orange Ficedula nigrorufa White-bellied Flycatcher (Image NT R I 2,3 Brachypteryx * Shortwing (Image EN R I 2,3 4) major* 3) Eumyias Nilgiri Flycatcher NT R I 3 Spotted Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps LC R I 2,3 albicaudata * Indian Scimitar- Pomatorhinus White-bellied LC R I 2,3 Babbler horsfieldii Blue-Flycatcher Cyornis pallipes * LC R I 1,2,3 (Image 5) Yellow-eyed Chrysomma LC R I 3 Babbler sinense Asian Paradise- Terpsiphone LC RM I 2,3 Flycatcher paradisi Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus LC R I 1,2 Black-naped Rufous-bellied Dumetia LC R I 3 Monarch- Hypothymis azurea LC R I 2,3 Babbler hyperythra Flycatcher Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus LC R I 2,3 White-browed Rhipidura aureola LC R I 2 Black-headed Rhopocichla Fantail-Flycatcher LC R I 3 Babbler atriceps Paridae Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi LC R I 3 Black-lored Yellow White-headed Parus xanthogenys LC R I 3 Turdoides affinis LC R I 3 Tit Babbler Great Tit Parus major LC R I 2,3 Alcippe Quaker Tit-Babbler LC R I 1,3 poioicephala Sittidae Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica LC R I 4 Velvet-fronted Sitta frontalis LC R I 2,3 Nuthatch Grey-breasted R Garrulax jerdoni * NT I 3 Laughingthrush Dicaeidae

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Family / Common Family / Common Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Scientific Name IUCN Status Guild Source Name Name Thick-billed Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus LC R I 2,3 Dicaeum agile LC R N 3 Flowerpecker Southern Hill-Myna Gracula indica LC R F 2,3 Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum concolor LC R N 3 Brahminy Starling Sturnus pagodarum LC RM F 1,2,3 Nectariniidae Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus LC M F 1,3 Purple-rumped Nectarinia LC R N 2,3 Grey-headed Sturnus Sunbird zeylonica LC R F 1,3 Starling malabaricus Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica LC R N 3 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis LC R O 2,3 Loten’s Sunbird Nectarinia lotenia LC R N 3 Oriolidae Arachnothera Little Spiderhunter LC R I 2,3 longirostra Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis LC RM F 3 Nectarinia minima Eurasian Golden Small Sunbird LC R N 2,3 Oriolus oriolus LC RM F 2,3 * Oriole Black-headed Zosteropidae Oriolus xanthornus LC R F 2,3 Oriole Zosterops Oriental White-eye LC R I 2,3 palpebrosus Dicruridae Dicrurus Fringillidae Ashy Drongo LC RM I 3 leucophaeus Carpodacus Common Rosefinch LC RM G 3 Dicrurus erythrinus Black Drongo LC R I 2,3 macrocercus Estrildidae Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus LC R I 3 White-throated Lonchura LC R G 2,3 Greater Racket- Munia malabarica Dicrurus paradiseus LC R I 2,3 tailed Drongo White-rumped Lonchura striata LC R G 2,3 White-bellied Dicrurus Munia LC R I 2,3 Drongo caerulescens Lonchura Spotted Munia LC R G 3 punctulata Corvidae Black-headed Dendrocitta Lonchura malacca LC R G 3 Indian Treepie LC R O 2,3 Munia vagabunda White-bellied Dendrocitta Passerinae LC R O 1,2,3 Treepie (Image 6) leucogastra House Sparrow Passer domesticus LC R G 2,3 House Crow Corvus splendens LC R O 2,3 Ploceinae Corvus Jungle Crow LC R O 1,2,3 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus LC R G 2,3 macrorhynchos Sturnidae

Endemic birds are marked with asterisk. IUCN Status: CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, NT - Near-threatened, LC - Least Concern Status: R - Resident, RM - Resident Migratory, M - Migratory Feeding guild: A - Aquatic vegetarians, G - Granivores, F - Frugivore, P - Piscivores, C - Carnivore (including carrion feeders), O - Omnivores, N - Nectarivores Source: 1 - Nichols (1944a,b; 1945), 2 - Bhupathy et al. (2009 & 2012), 3 - Babu (pers. obser.), 4 - Rajah Jayapal (pers. comm.) © H.P. Ashwin © H.P. © H.P. Ashwin © H.P.

Image 1. Great Pied Hornbill Image 2. Malabar Laughing-thrush

4970 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2013 | 5(15): 4962–4972 Birds of Meghamalai Babu & Bhupathy © Dilan Mandanna © Dilan Mandanna

Image 5. White-bellied Blue Flycatcher Image 6. White-bellied Treepie

REFERENCES hotspot. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(15): 4939–4944; http:// dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3592.4939-44 Ali, S. & D. Ripley (1983). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Biddulph, B.H. (1956). Occurrence of the Red-faced Malkoha Compact Edition, Oxford University Press, Mumbai, 737pp. (Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus) Pennant in Madurai District: Balachandran, S., A.R. Rahmani, N. Ezhilarasi, S. Babu, J.P.P. Madras presidency. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Chakravarthy & T. Ramesh (2005). Revaluation of bird community 53(1): 697–698. structure of Palni Hills with special reference to threatened and CEPF (2007). Ecosystem profile: Western Ghats and Sri Lanka endemic species. Final Report. Bombay Natural History Society, biodiversity hotspot, Western Ghats region, 95pp. Mumbai, 105pp. Daniels, R.J (2003). Biodiversity of the Western Ghats - an overview. Bhupathy, S., G. Srinivas & N. Sathishkumar (2009). A Study on the In: Gupta, A.K., A. Kumar & V. Ramakantha (eds.). ENVIS Bulletin: Herpetofaunal Communities of the Upper Vaigai Plateau, Western Wildlife & Protected Areas, Conservation of Rainforests in India, Ghats, India. Final Report Submitted to the Ministry of Environment 4(1): 229–242. and Forests. Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Gokula, V. & L. Vijayan (1996). Birds of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Coimbatore, 75pp. India. Forktail 12: 143–152. Bhupathy, S., G. Srinivas., N. Sathishkumar, M. Murugesan, S. Hoffmann, T.W. (1996). New bird records in Sri Lanka and some Babu, R. Suganthasakthivel & P. Sivakumar (2012). Diversity and connected matters. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society conservation of selected biota of the Meghamalai landscape, 96: 382–388. Western Ghats, India. Current Science 102(4): 590–595. IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. Bhupathy, S. & S. Babu (2013). Meghamalai landscape : a biodiversity Electronic database accessible at http://www.iucnredlist.org/

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captured on 25 July 2012. Coimbatore. PhD Thesis, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 274pp. Johnsingh, A.J.T (2001). The Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve: A Prakash, V., M.C. Bishwakarma, A. Chaudhary, R. Cuthbert, R. Dav, global heritage of biological diversity. Current Science 80(3): 378– M. Kulkarni, S. Kumar, K. Paudel, S. Ranade, R. Shringarpure & R.E. 388. Green (2012). The Population Decline of Gyps Vultures in India and Johnsingh, A.J.T. & J. Joshua (1994). Avifauna in three vegetation types Nepal Has Slowed since Veterinary Use of Diclofenac was Banned. on Mundanthurai Plateau, south India. Journal of Tropical Ecology PLoS ONE 7(11): e49118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal. 10(3): 323–335; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400007999 pone.0049118 Kannan, R. (1998). Avifauna of the Anamalai Hills (Western Ghats) of Recher, H.F. & W.E. Davis (2002). Foraging profile of a Salmon Gum southern India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 95(2): woodland avifauna in Western Australia. Journal of Royal Society of 193–214. Western Australia 85: 103–111. Manakadan, R. & A. Pittie (2001). Standardized common and scientific Islam, M.Z. & A.R. Rahmani (2004). Important Bird Areas: Priority names of the birds of the Indian subcontinent. Buceros 6(1): 1–37. sites for conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network, Mumbai, Myers, N., B.A. Mittermeier, C.G. Mittermeier, G.A.B. da Fonesca 1133pp. & J. Kent (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Rasmussen, P.C. & J.C. Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Nature 403: 853–858; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002501 Guide. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Editions, 1072pp. Nair, S.C. (1999). The southern Western Ghats. A biodiversity Somasundaram, S. & L. Vijayan (2008). Foraging behavior and guild conservation plan. New Delhi, 92pp. structure of birds in the Montane wet temperate forests of the Palni Nichols, E.D (1944a). Occurrence of birds in Madura District, Part I. Hills, south India. Podoces 3(1/2): 79–91. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 44(3): 387–407. Statersfield, A.J., M.J. Crosby., A.J. Long & D.C. Wege (1998). Endemic Nichols, E.D (1944b). Occurrence of birds in Madura District, Part II. Bird Areas of The world: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 44(4): 574–584. Birdlife International, Cambridge, 846pp. Nichols, E.D (1945). Occurrence of birds in Madura District, Part III. Tamil Nadu Government Gazette (2009). Declaration of Meghamalai Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 45(2): 122–132. Wildlife Sanctuary. Regd. No. TN/CCN/467/2009-11: 322–325. Nirmala, T. (2002). Ecology of bird communities in the Anaikatty Hills,

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