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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 su SHI: PLURALISTIC VIEW OF VALUES AND "MAKING POETRY OUT OF PROSE" DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfulment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Dajiang He, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1997 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Yan-shuan Lao, Advisor Professor Kirk Denton Professor Xiaomei Chen Adviser Department of East Asia Languages and Literatures DMI Number: 9813271 UMI Microform 9813271 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Dajiang He 1997 ABSTRACT This Study examines the problem of "making poetry out of prose" from a new perspective. In light of Bakhtin's understanding of literary genre, I see an inherent link between "making poetry out of prose" in Su Shi's poetry and an intellectual orientation of Su Shi characterized by a pluralistic view of values and a "prosaic wisdom." By placing Su Shi in the entire history of Chinese intellectual thought and examining the ways he dealt with various situations in his life and his approach to diverse ideas, I demonstrate that Su Shi refuses to take any system of thought as absolute truth, opposes intellectual uniformity, and advocates an openness to and respect for different ideas and views. I then analyze in detail some of Su Shi's poems to illustrate how the main stylistic features of "making poetry out of prose" reflect his pluralistic views. I note that Su Shi uses a wide variety of words to describe various experiences, some of which were considered not "proper" materials for poetry. The dynamic and refreshing languages reflect a new sense of the world. The abundance of argumentative discourse is another major characteristic of 11 "making poetry out of prose" in Su Shi. In my analyses. Su Shi showed his open mind and diverse aesthetic tastes by the argumentative discourses. Finally, I read Su Shi's poetry in comparison with the works of a number of major Jin and Tang poets to show how Su Shi's attitude toward political career and his views of the self were different from his predecessors '. In my view, a pluralistic view of values in traditional China entails a deviation from certain widely-held mainstream values. My conclusion is that a pluralistic view of values is the major legacy Su Shi left, and by "making poetry out of prose," Su Shi produced a freer, more diverse poetry and broke a new path for the Chinese poetic tradition. I l l To my wife, daughter, and parents XV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have been helped by many people in writing this dissertation, and I wish to take this opportunity to express my gratitude. First, I wish to express my deep appreciation to my adviser. Professor Yan-shuan Lao, for his unreserved support and strict training he has given me ever since I came to Ohio State, especially in conducting this research. I have benefitted tremendously from his profound knowledge and deep understanding of Chinese history, literature and intellectual thought. His many thought-provoking comments and meticulous attention to details have made a great difference to this dissertation. I am greatly indebted to Professor Kirk Denton, who has given me his help and support whenever I needed. His critical insight, broad knowledge, and careful reading of several drafts of this dissertation are essential and have helped tremendously to improve the quality of this work. I am very grateful to Professor Chen Xiaomei. She has been very supportive, encouraging and considerate, and has given many valuable comments on my dissertation. Her enthusiasm and sharp critical mind have been a source of inspiration for me. Due to a schedule conflict. Professor Galal Walker could not attend my dissertation defence, but I want to express my sincere appreciation for his encouragement and guidance in conducting this research as well as his great support in my pursuit of a career. My gratitude goes to my former advisor. Emeritus Professor David Ch'en. I have benefitted greatly from his immense knowledge in both the Chinese and Western literary traditions. I wish to thank Professor Timothy Wong for the encouragement and guidance he gave to me during stages of this project. In a number of courses I took from him and in our personal contacts I received valuable training in critical thinking and aspects of doing research. I also wish to express my gratitude to Professor Richard Torrance, Professor Mark Bender, Professor Patricia Sieber, Dr. Minru Li, and Mr. Nick Kaldis for reading versions of my dissertation proposal and offering their insights. Finally, I have to express my great appreciation to my wife Zhang Li for her selfless and unreserved support in all stages of my study here, and to my daughter Jane for her understanding and great support. My thanks also go to my parents and my whole family in China, who have always watched and cheered for my every progress and given me their full support. VI VITA 1982............................ B.A., Wuhan Teacher's College, Wuhan, China 1985*###*#######***#*####*##»#eM#A #, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 1985-1989...................... Lecturer, Department of Chinese Languages and Literatures, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 1993............................ M.A., Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1995-Present................... Lecturer, Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS 1. Zhongguo gudian wenyi cidian. (Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Literature and Arts). With the collaboration of five other scholars. Beijing: Chinese Youth Press, 1991. 2. "Qinhui ye po." ["An analysis of 'Night Mooring on Qinhuai River'"). In Song shi jianshang cidian. (Poems of the Song: An Anthology with Analyses) Shanghai: Shanghai Publishing House of Dictionaries and Encyclopedias, 1987: 633-4. vxi 4. "Xishan" g|l| ["An analysis of 'West Mountain'."] In Song Shi jianshang cidian. (Poems of the Song: An Anthology with Analyses), 1277-8. Shanghai: Shanghai Publishing House of Dictionaries and Encyclopedias, 1987. 5. "Lun Cen Shen biansai shi de duchuangxing chengjiu." (On the Originality of Cen Shen's Frontier Poetry). In Tangdai wenxue luncong. (Literary Studies of the Tang Dynasty). Vol. 9: 317-39. Xi'an: Shanxi People's Press, 1987. 6. "Sheng Tang wenhue" • [ "Review on Studies of Poetry of the High Tang Dynasty" ]. In collaboration with Wang Qixing. Tangdai wenxue nianjian 1986. 1986 (Yearbook of Literary Studies of the Tang Dynasty 1986), Xi'an: Shanxi People's Press, 1987, 43-59. 7. "Sheng Tang wenhue" # # 2 ^ # . ["Review on Studies of Poetry of the High Tang Dynasty" ]. In collaboration with Wang Qixing. Tangdai wenxue nianjian 1985. 1985 (Yearbook of Literary Studies of the Tang Dynasty 1985), Xi'an: Shanxi People's Press, 1987, 19-29. 8. "Lun Du Fu shige de qijue mei." . ("Du Fu: the Rugged Beauty of His Poetry"). Caotang (the Journal of Du Fu Studies). (June 1986): 37-43. FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: East Asian Languages and Literatures Academic Concentration: Chinese Poetry and Poetics V l l l TABLE OF CONTENT Page Abstract...................................................... il Dedication.................................................... iv Acknowledgments................................................v Vita......................................................... vii Introduction................................................... 1 Chapters : 1. Making poetry out of prose: an old debate revisited..24 1.1 Making poetry out of prose: the issues involved in the debate....................... 25 1.2 Modern scholarship on "making poetry out of prose"........................................ 32 1.3 Genre theory in Western literary criticism..37 1.4 Bakhtin on literary genre.................... 41 1.5 Genre theory in Chinese literary criticism..49 1.6 "Making poetry out of prose" as a genre in Su Shi's poetry.............................
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