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Pebble Beach Historic Context Statement Pebble Beach, Monterey County, California

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Pebble Beach Historic Context Statement Pebble Beach, Monterey County, California PEBBLE BEACH HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT PEBBLE BEACH, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for MONTEREY COUNTY AUGUST 29, 2013 FINAL PEBBLE BEACH HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT Final Report August 29, 2013 Prepared for: Monterey County Parks Department P.O. Box 5249 Salinas, CA 93915 http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/ Prepared by: Page & Turnbull, Inc. 1000 Sansome Street, Suite 200 San Francisco, CA 94111 http://www.page-turnbull.com/ Monterey County Board of Supervisors: Fernando Armenta | Louis R. Calcagno| Simon Salinas Jane Parker | Dave Potter Lew Bauman, County Administrative Officer THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This historic context statement has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, through the California Office of Historic Preservation. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental federally-assisted programs on the basis of race, color, sex, age, disability, or national origin. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service P.O. Box 37127 Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Historic Context Statement - Final Pebble Beach Monterey County, California TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 1 I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 3 A. PROJECT BACKGROUND & PURPOSE ................................................................. 3 B. DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA .............................................................. 4 C. METHODOLOGY & RESEARCH ............................................................................ 6 D. HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT ......................................................................... 8 E. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ....................................................................... 8 II. PREVIOUS SURVEYS, STUDIES, AND REPORTS ..................................... 10 A. MONTEREY COUNTY HISTORIC PRESERVATION ORDINANCE .................... 10 B. LOCAL OFFICIAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES .................................. 12 III. GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION ............................................................... 13 A. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT THEMES ................................................................. 13 RELATING THEMES WITH PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT ........................................................... 13 B. SUMMARY OF PROPERTY TYPES ........................................................................ 15 C. EVALUATION CRITERIA ....................................................................................... 17 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ................................................................................ 17 CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES ................................................................. 19 MONTEREY COUNTY REVIEW CRITERIA ...................................................................................... 20 INTEGRITY ......................................................................................................................................... 21 IV. HISTORIC CONTEXT .................................................................................. 24 A. NATIVE AMERICAN AND SPANISH PERIODS (PRE-1821) ................................. 24 NATIVE AMERICAN PERIOD ............................................................................................................ 24 SPANISH PERIOD .............................................................................................................................. 26 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES & REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 29 August 29, 2013 Page & Turnbull, Inc. i Historic Context Statement - Final Pebble Beach Monterey County, California B. MEXICAN AND EARLY AMERICAN PERIODS (1821-1879) ................................ 33 MEXICAN PERIOD (1821 – 1846) .................................................................................................... 33 EARLY AMERICAN PERIOD (1846 – 1879) ...................................................................................... 35 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES & REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 41 C. ARRIVAL OF THE PACIFIC IMPROVEMENT COMPANY (1880 - 1905) .............. 44 THE PACIFIC IMPROVEMENT COMPANY ..................................................................................... 44 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES & REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS (1880 – 1905) ................ 50 D. EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF PEBBLE BEACH (1906 - 1918)................................ 56 RESOLUTION OF TITLE ................................................................................................................... 56 THE FIRST SUBDIVISION OF PEBBLE BEACH ................................................................................ 56 SAMUEL F. B. MORSE AND THE REDESIGN OF PEBBLE BEACH ................................................ 60 PEBBLE BEACH GOLF LINKS ........................................................................................................... 63 PIC EMPLOYEES ................................................................................................................................ 64 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................ 64 THE END OF THE CHINESE FISHING VILLAGE ............................................................................ 66 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES & REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS (1906 – 1918) ................ 67 E. SAMUEL MORSE AND THE DEL MONTE PROPERTIES COMPANY (1919 - 1945) ....................................................................................................................... 73 DEL MONTE PROPERTIES COMPANY IS FORMED ....................................................................... 73 OFFICIAL OPENINGS........................................................................................................................ 74 THE CALIFORNIA RIVIERA ............................................................................................................... 76 THE MONTEREY PENINSULA AND CYPRESS POINT CLUBS ...................................................... 79 OTHER RECREATIONAL FACILITIES .............................................................................................. 82 SELLING PEBBLE BEACH .................................................................................................................. 85 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................ 86 ARTISTS AT PEBBLE BEACH ............................................................................................................ 90 INSTITUTIONAL & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................ 91 THE GREAT DEPRESSION & WORLD WAR II ................................................................................. 93 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES & REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS (1919 – 1945) ................ 94 F. PEBBLE BEACH POST-WAR (1946-1969) ............................................................ 108 PRIMED FOR GROWTH .................................................................................................................. 108 August 29, 2013 Page & Turnbull, Inc. ii Historic Context Statement - Final Pebble Beach Monterey County, California NEW SUBDIVISIONS AND RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ..................................................... 111 MODERN ARCHITECTURE TAKES HOLD ................................................................................... 113 A GOLFING MECCA........................................................................................................................ 118 OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION ....................................................................................................... 119 CONCOURS D’ELEGANCE ............................................................................................................ 121 TRANSITIONS IN MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 121 ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES & REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS (1946 – 1969) .............. 122 V. PRESERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 135 VI. REFERENCES................................................................................................. 138 A. BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................... 138 PUBLISHED REFERENCES .............................................................................................................
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