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1 Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Zoologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria Rouville, 1903 (COMESOMATIDAE - NEMATODA) no Talude da Bacia de Campos – Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. Alessandra Prates Botelho Recife, 2009 1 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Alessandra Prates Botelho Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria Rouville, 1903 (COMESOMATIDAE - NEMATODA) no Talude da Bacia de Campos – Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Orientadora: Dra. Verônica Gomes da Fonsêca-Genevois Co-Orientador: Dr. André M. Esteves Recife 2009 2 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Botelho, Alessandra Prates Taxonomia e distribuição de Sabatiera Rouville, 1903 (Comesomatidae – Nematoda) no talude da Bacia de Campos – Rio de Janeiro – Brasil / Alessandra Prates Botelho. – Recife: O Autor, 2009. 92 folhas: il., fig., tab. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departamento de Zoologia. Biologia Animal, 2009. Inclui bibliografia 1. Metazoários. 2. Nematoda. 3.Sabatieria Rouville. I Título. 595.132 CDU (2.ed.) UFPE 592.57 CDD (22.ed.) CCB – 2009- 030 3 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... 4 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... A ciência compõe-se de erros, que por sua vez são passos para a verdade. Verne, Júlio Dedico esta dissertação a todos os seres marinhos e a todos os pesquisadores desta área. 5 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Agradecimentos A minha orientadora Verônica Fonsêca-Genevois por me aceitar no laboratório de Meiofauna, dando oportunidade de me desenvolver dentro do campo da pesquisa. Pela amizade e compreensão. Ao Prof. André Esteves pela disponibilidade, apoio, conselhos e efetiva contribuição para este trabalho. Ao Prof. Paulo Santos pelos conselhos científicos e disponibilidade durante o mestrado, tirando todas as dúvidas que surgiam no decorrer. Ao Professor Severino Junior pela aula maravilhosa em campo, proporcionando um momento único. A PETROBRAS, representada pela bióloga MsC Ana Paula Falcão por ter viabilizado a realização deste trabalho e disponibilizado as amostras estudadas. Aos CNPq pela bolsa concedida. Toda a equipe do laboratório de Meiofauna pela amizade, discussões científicas, pelas conversas amenas para relaxar e paciência nas horas de stress (Neyvan, Virag, Luciana, Bethânia, Viviane, Patrícia, Geruso, Paulo, Neide, Mariana). Agradeço em especial a Maria Cristina da Silva, pelas maravilhosas discussões sobre a descrição das espécies e pela amizade, e a Rita de Cássia Coelho Lima pelo apoio. Aos professores do Mestrado de Biologia Animal. A toda equipe do mestrado em especial Ana Elizabeth Fraga, pela atenção e paciência dispensada. A minha família pelo apoio emocional e amor; Angela, pelo companheirismo, amor e paciência; Paulo, amigo para todos os momentos. 6 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Lista de Figuras Capitulo I - Estudos taxonômicos Página 1. Principais características do gênero Sabatieria: A. visão geral corpo; B. Anfídio espiral; C. diferenciação lateral; D. Cavidade bucal em forma de chicara; E. Cauda; F. Espícula; G. Gubernaculo; H. Apófise. 20 1º Artigo: 23 1. Map of Campos Basin with prospected stations. 27 2. Sabatieria spiculata sp.nov. 28 3. Sabatieria spiculata sp.nov. 30 4 . Sabatieria paraspiculata sp. nov. 31 5. Sabatieria paraspiculata sp.nov. 34 6. Sabatieria bitumen sp.nov. 35 7. Sabatieria bitumen sp. nov. 37 8. Sabatieria subrotundicauda sp.nov. 38 9. Sabatieria subrotundicauda sp.nov. 2º Artigo 43 1. Map of Campos Basin. 50 2 Sabatieria exilis sp. n 51 .3. Sabatieria exilis sp. n. 52 4. Sabatieria exilis sp. n. 57 5. Sabatieria fidelis sp. n. 58 6. Sabatieria fidelis sp. n. 59 7. Sabatieria fidelis sp. n. 60 8. Sabatieria fidelis sp. n. 63 Appendix 1. Map with coordinates of stations. 7 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Capitulo II - Aspectos da distribuição de Sabatieria e de suas novas espécies ao longo do Talude da Bacia de Campos Página 1. Foto do Box - corer e esquema com as células do mesmo, assim como, a estratificação do sedimento durante a coleta. 70 2. Distribuição da família Comesomatidae e abundancia relativa dos seus gêneros nas duas campanhas oceanográficas na Bacia de Campos. 72 3. Número total de indivíduos de Sabatieria nas áreas prospectadas. 73 4. Valores médios do número de indivíduos de Sabatieria nas diferentes profundidades, por amostrador, nas duas campanhas oceanográficas na Bacia de Campos. 74 5. Valores médios de números de indivíduos de Sabatieria entre os estratos sedimentares nas campanhas oceanográficas na Bacia de Campos. 74 6. Abundancia relativa das espécies de Sabatieria nas amostras. 75 7. Frequencia relativa das amostras em relação ao número de individuos de S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda, S. fidelis e S. exilis . 76 8. Valores médios de números de indivíduos das espécies S. spiculata e S. bitumen ao longo das profundidades estudadas na primeira campanha, corer 2cm. 77 9. Valores médios de números de indivíduos das espécies S. spiculata e S. bitumen ao longo das profundidades estudadas na segunda campanha, corer de 2cm. (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos. 77 10. Valores médios de números de indivíduos das espécies S. spiculata e S. bitumen ao longo das profundidades estudadas na segunda campanha, corer de 10cm. (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos. 78 11. Número total de indivíduos das espécies S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda, S. exilis e S. fidelis nas profundidades estudadas na primeira campanha, corer 2cm. 78 12. Número total de indivíduos das espécies S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda, S. exilis e S. fidelis nas profundidades estudadas na segunda campanha corer 2cm (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos. 79 13. Número total de indivíduos das espécies S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda, S. exilis e S. fidelis nas profundidades estudadas na 79 segunda campanha, corer de 10cm (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos. 8 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... 14. Valores médios de números de indivíduos das espécies S. spiculata e S. bitumen entre as áreas e estratos sedimentares das áreas norte e sul na 80 primeira campanha (OCEANPROF I ) na Bacia de Campos. 15. Valores médios de números de indivíduos das espécies S. spiculata e S. bitumen entre estratos sedimentares das áreas norte e sul na segunda campanha (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos. 81 16. Valores médios de números de indivíduos das espécies S. spiculata e S. bitumen entre estratos sedimentares das áreas norte e sul na segunda campanha (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos, corar 10cm. 81 17. Número total de indivíduos das espécies S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda e S. fidelis entre as áreas e estratos sedimentares das áreas norte e sul na primeira campanha (OCEANPROF I ) na Bacia de Campos. 82 18. Número total de indivíduos das espécies S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda, S. exilis e S. fidelis entre estratos sedimentares das áreas norte e sul na segunda campanha (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos, corar 2cm. 82 19. Número total de indivíduos das espécies S. paraspiculata, S. subrotundicauda, S. exilis e S. fidelis entre estratos sedimentares das áreas norte e sul na segunda campanha (OCEANPROF 2) na Bacia de Campos, 83 corar 10cm. 9 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Lista de Tabelas Página Capitulo I – Estudos taxonômicos 1º Artigo: 1. Valid species of Sabatieria based on NeMys database. 24 2. Measurements (µm) of Sabatieria spiculata sp.nov. 26 3. Measurements (μm) of Sabatieria paraspiculata sp. nov. 29 4. Measurements (μm) of Sabatieria bitumen sp. nov. 32 5. Measurements (μm) of Sabatieria subrotundicauda sp. nov. 36 2º Artigo: 1. Morphometric measurements of Sabatieria exilis sp.nov. and Sabatieria fidelis sp. nov. 54 Capitulo II - Aspectos da distribuição de Sabatieria e de suas novas espécies ao longo do Talude da Bacia de Campos 1. Valores de correlação entre a profundidade e o número de indivíduos do Gênero Sabatieria e de suas espécies. * indica valores significativos (n =192; p < 0,05). 83 2. Valores de correlação entre as variáveis ambientais dos sedimentos e o número de indivíduos do gênero Sabatieria e de suas espécies. * indica valores significativos (n =176; p < 0,05). 84 10 Botelho, A.P. Taxonomia e Distribuição de Sabatieria... Resumo Nematoda é o grupo da meiofauna mais abundante e diverso nos sedimentos marinhos de mar profundo. Na Bacia de Campos, Sabatieria foi o gênero dominante em relação aos 186 encontrados, ocorrendo nas diferentes profundidades estudadas (750m, 1050m, 1350m, 1650m and 1950m), áreas (Norte e Sul) e estratos sedimentares (0-2cm e 2-5cm). Seis novas espécies desse gênero foram descritas para a Bacia de Campos, cada uma apresentando as seguintes características: Sabatieria spiculata sp. nov. é caraterizada pelo tamanho da espícula e a presença de um dente dorsal; S. paraspiculata sp. nov. pela forma da cauda e o diâmetro máximo do corpo; S. bitumen sp. nov. pela forma das espículas com uma projeção em forma de “flecha” na parte distal; S. subrotundicauda sp. nov. pela cauda arredondada e ovários refletidos; Sabatieria exilis sp. nov. por uma cabeça arredondada sem constricções, faringe curta com porção anterior cuticularizada; Sabatieria fidelis sp. nov. por possuir setas cefálicas e somáticas curtas, testículos distendidos e curtos, espículas direcionadas ventralmente e com uma terminação em forma de “conta-gotas” na parte distal e gubernáculo em forma de “v”. Ainda que Sabatieria tenha sido encontrada nas diferentes profundidades, existiu uma redução no número de indivíduos com o aumento da profundidade, com diferenças significativas entre a profundidade de 750 metros e as demais. S. spiculata e S. bitumen foram as espécies mais abundantes nas amostras. Esse gênero e suas espécies mostraram uma distribução preferencial (e significativa) no estrato sedimentar mais superficial (0-2 cm).
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