5

PARASITE-HOST LIST

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KINGDOM PROTISTA3 FAMILY BODONIDAE

SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA Ichthyobodo necator (F,B,M) PHYLUM MASTIGOPHORA (Henneguy, 1884) Pinto, 1928 Syn.: Costia necatrix Henneguy, 1884 CLASS KINETOPLASTIDEA Location: gills, skin Hosts:Blicca bjoerkna ORDER KINETOPLASTIDA Carassius carassius Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Daugava River SUBORDER TRYPANOSOMATINA Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 FAMILY TRYPANOSOMATIDAE Remarks: A dangerous ectoparasite for practically all , Ichthyobodo causes mortalities mainly of young fish and those Trypanosoma carassii (F) with lowered resistance (see Lom and Mitrophanow, 1883 Dyková 1992). Syn.: Trypanosoma danilewskyi Laveran and Mesnil, 1904 Includes: T. gracilis of Kirjusina and CLASS DIPLOMONADEA Vismanis, 2004 Location: blood ORDER DIPLOMONADIDA Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Dist.: Latvia (ponds) FAMILY HEXAMITIDAE Records: Vismanis & Peslak 1963; Vismanis 1964; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: This trypanosome is a pathogen of Hexamita salmonis (Moore, 1923) (F,B) juvenile common . The leeches Piscicola Wenyon, 1926 geometra and Hemiclepsis marginata are Syn.: Hexamita truttae (Schmidt, 1920) reported to be vectors (see Lom and Dyková Octomitus truttae Schmidt, 1920 1992). Location: gall bladder, intestine The synonymy follows Lom and Hosts: Lota lota (1,4) Dyková (1992). Oncorhynchus mykiss (2,3,4) Salmo salar (2,4) Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Trypanosoma granulosum (F) Daugava River Laveran and Mesnil, 1909 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Location: blood Daugava River); 2. Vismanis, Kuznetsova, Host: Anguilla anguilla & Rakitsky 1983 (hatchery); 3. Lullu et al. Dist.: Lake Usmas; Venta River; Gulf of Riga 1989 (tanks); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga), 2004 tanks) (Lake Usmas) Remarks: The pathogenicity of this flagellate Remarks: The leeches Piscicola geometra and is not clear. In mass infections of salmonid Hemiclepsis marginata are reported to be fry it probably can cause mortality (see vectors of this flagellate (see Lom and Bauer 1984). Vismanis, Kuznetsova and Dyková 1992). Rakitsky (1983) recorded mortalites in one- year-old rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon harboring mixed infections of H. salmonis SUBORDER BODONINA and Chloromyxum truttae.

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA

3 Eurokaryote systematics are presently CLASS SPOROZOA undergoing significant change based on incorporation of molecular and ultrastructural research. Readers are referred to the recent SUBCLASS COCCIDIA higher level classification of Adl et al. (2005), which proposes a hierarchical system without ORDER EIMERIIDA the use of formal rank designations.

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FAMILY EIMERIIDAE Goussia subepithelialis (F) (Moroff and Fiebiger, 1905) Dykova and Lom, 1983 Eimeria sardinae (Thélohan, 1890) (B,M) Syn.: Eimeria subepithelialis Reichenow, 1921 Moroff and Fiebiger, 1905 Location: testes Location: subepithelial connective tissue Host: Clupea harengus membras of intestine Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Records: Shulman 1949 (Gulf of Riga, Baltic Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Sea); Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf Records: Vismanis 1972; Kirjusina & of Riga), 1982 (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis, Vismanis 2004 Volkova & Eglite1984 (Gulf of Riga); Remarks: Goussia subepithelialis is a common Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina & agent of nodular coccidiosis of the intestine Vismanis 2004 (Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea) of common carp in Europe (see Lom and Remarks: Heavy infections are reported to Dyková 1992). cause parasitic castration of male herring (see Lom and Dyková 1992). PHYLUM MICROSPORA

Eimeria sp. (F) CLASS MICROSPOREA Location: not given Hosts: Carassius carassius ORDER Cyprinus carpio carpio Leucaspius delineatus SUBORDER PANSPOROBLASTINA Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: Grapmane 1957, 1962 FAMILY GLUGEIDAE

Goussia carpelli (F) anomala (Moniez, 1887) (B,M) (Léger and Stankovich, 1921) Gurley, 1893 Dyková and Lom, 1983 Location: hypodermic and intermuscular Syn.: Eimeria carpelli connective tissue Léger and Stankovich, 1921 Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus E. cyprini Plehn, 1924. Dist.: Daugava River Location: intestinal wall Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,3,4) Remarks: This parasite forms large xenomas in C. carpio haematopterus (2,4) the host’s connective tissue. Rarely, it Dist.: Latvia (ponds) causes deformities of the internal organs, Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954; 2. resulting in mechanical pressure on tissues Vismanis & Peslak 1963; 3. Vismanis 1964, and organs (see Bauer 1984). 1972; 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: Goussia carpelli, an agent of coccidian enteritis, is a common pathogen in Glugea stephani (Hagenmüller, 1899) (M) the intestine of Cyprinus carpio carpio in Woodcock, 1904 Europe ( s e e Lom and Dyková 1992). Mass Location: intestinal wall infection causes an increase of mortality of Hosts: Platichthys flesus trachurus one-year-old carp at the end of wintering (see (1,2,3) Bauer 1984). Psetta maxima (1,3) Dist.: Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman; 2. Vismanis & Kondratovičs Goussia gadi (Fiebiger, 1913) (M) 1994; 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dyková and Lom, 1981 Remarks: Heavily infected intestines may Syn.: Eimeria gadi Fiebiger, 1913 become completely occluded, resulting in Location: swimbladder wall host death (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Host: Gadus morhua callarias Dist.: Baltic Sea Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Loma branchialis (Nemeczek, 1911) (M) 2004 Morrison and Sprague, 1981 Syn.: Nosema branchialis

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Nemeczek, 1911 Amphileptus sp. (F) Location: gills Syn.: Hemiophrys sp. Host: Gadus morhua callarias Location: gills Dist.: Baltic Sea Hosts: Aspius aspius Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Blicca bjoerkna 2004 Leuciscus idus L. leuciscus Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Pleistophora acerinae (F) Rītupe Rivers Vaney and Conte, 1901 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Location: wall of intestine and stomach, 2004 mesenteries Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus Dist.: Lakes Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons SUBCLASS HYPOSTOMATA Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons); Reinsone 1955a (Lake Kāla); Kirjusina & ORDER CYRTOPHORIDA Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons) FAMILY CHILODONELLIDAE

Pleistophora mirandellae (F) Vaney and Conte, 1901 Chilodonella piscicola (F) Syn.: Pleistophora elegans (Zacharias, 1894) Jankovsky, 1980 Auerbach, 1910 Syn.: Chilodonella cyprini Location: ovary (Moroff, 1902) Host: Rutilus rutilus Location: gills, skin Dist.: Lake Vīragnas Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001; (2,4,8) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 C. carassius (2,4,8) Remarks: Reduction of fecundity in infected Ctenopharyngodon idella (7) fish is likely (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) C. carpio haematopterus (3,5) Microsporidia of Uncertain Position Gasterosteus aculeatus (2,9) Leucaspius delineatus (2,4,8) Microsporidium cotti (M) Oncorhynchus mykiss (8) (Chatton and Courrier, 1923) Perca fluviatilis (9) Canning and Lom, 1986 Pungitius pungitius (2,4,8) Syn.: Nosema cotti Dist.: Lake Juglas; Daugava River Chatton and Courrier, 1923 Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 Location: liver, spleen (ponds); 2. Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 3. Host: Taurulus bubalis Reinsone 1958 (ponds); 4. Grapmane 1962 Dist.: Gulf of Riga (ponds); 5. Vismanis & Peslak. 1963 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1964, 1972 (ponds); 7. 2004 Vismanis & Musselius 1971 (ponds); 8. Remarks: Microsporidium is a collective group Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 9. for “identifiable” of uncertain generic Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Juglas, assignment (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Daugava River, ponds) Remarks: One of the most dangerous diseases, chlodonellosis may cause heavy losses in fish PHYLUM CILIOPHORA culture (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Grapmane (1962) recorded yearly CLASS KINETOPHRAGMINOPHOREA (1949–1954) mass mortality of one-year-old common carp. In some cases mortality in SUBCLASS GYMNOSTOMATA wintering ponds was 95–100 per cent.

ORDER PLEUROSTOMATA SUBCLASS SUCTORIA FAMILY AMPHILEPTIDAE ORDER SUCTORIDA

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FAMILY TRICHOPHRYIDAE 1958 (ponds), 6. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 7. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 8. 1962 (ponds); 9. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku), Capriniana piscium (Bütschli, 1889) (F) 10. 1964 (ponds), 11. 1972 (ponds); 12. Jankovsky, 1973 Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 13. Syn.: Trichophrya piscium Vismanis and Musselius 1971 (ponds); 14. Bütschli, 1889 Vismanis, Volkova & Tarkach 1971 (tanks); Location: gills, skin 15. Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 Host: Oncorhynchus mykiss (ponds); 16. Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina. Dist.: Lake Dzirnezers 1989 (tanks); 17. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Record: Vismanis, Kuznetsova & Rakitsky (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Juglas, Lielauces, 1983; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Sīvers, Slokas; Daugava, Ogre Rivers, ponds) Remarks: Although generally considered an Remarks: This ciliate, a dangerous ectoparasite ectocommensal, mass infections can cause in fish culture, is the agent of disease (see Bauer 1984). ichthyophthiriosis or “white spot disease” (see Lom and Dyková 1992). The disease can cause high morbidity and mortality rates and CLASS OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA great economic losses in intensive aquaculture. Reinsone (1958) noted mass SUBCLASS HYMENOSTOMATA mortality of common carp spawners and yearlings in ponds, Vismanis (1972) noted ORDER HYMENOSTOMATIDA disease and mortality of carp spawners in ponds, while Vismanis, Volkova and Tarkach SUBORDER OPHRYOGLENINA (1971) recorded cases of disease in cultured eels. Small such as Leucaspius FAMILY ICHTHYOPHTHIRIIDAE delineatus, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius can act as reservoirs of infection in farm ponds. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (F) Fouquet, 1876 Location: gills, under skin epithelium SUBCLASS PETRITRICHIA Hosts: Abramis brama (3,6,9,17) Alburnoides bipunctatus (17) ORDER PETRICHIDA Anguilla anguilla (14) Blicca bjoerkna (9) SUBORDER SESSILINA Carassius auratus auratus (5,7,8,17) FAMILY EPISTYLIDIDAE C. carassius (7,8,17) Ctenopharyngodon idellus (13) Cyprinus carpio carpio Apiosoma campanulatum (F) (2,5,7,8,10,11,12,15,17) (Timofeev in Shulman, 1962) Lom, 1966 C. carpio haematopterus (12) Includes: Apiosoma campanulatum Gasterosteus aculeatus (8,17) (Timofeev, 1962) typica Leucaspius delineatus (7,8,17) A. campanulatum var. esoci Oncorhynchus mykiss (16) Scheubel, 1973 Pungitius pungitius (5,7,17) Location: gills, skin Rutilus rutilus (3,4,6,9,17) Hosts: Esox lucius (1,2) Salmo salar (11) Leuciscus cephalus (2) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Dist.: Lake Sildu, Ogre River (3,4,6,17) Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Silurus glanis (1,17) 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Sildu, Tinca tinca (3,6,8,17) Ogre River) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Juglas, Remarks: The designation Apiosoma Lielauces, Sīvers, Slokas; Daugava, Ogre campanulatum (Timofeev, 1962) typica” was Rivers used by N.N. Banina (see Bauer 1984) to Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. distinguish the typical form of this species Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 (ponds); 3. from the form from Esox lucius, which was Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, considered a distinct variety, “esoci”. Lielauces, Sīvers), 4. 1955b (Lake Sivers), 5. Subsequent authors have treated “typica” as a

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subspecific epithet. The relationship of these Epistylis lwoffi Fauré-Fremiet, 1943 (F) two forms requires clarification. Location: gills, skin Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Dist.: Latvia Apiosoma matthesi Scheubel, 1973 (F) Records: Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina Location: fins 1975 (ponds) Host: Leuciscus cephalus Dist.: Ogre River Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 ORDER MOBILINA

FAMILY TRICHODINIDAE Apiosoma nasale (F) (Timofeev in Shulman, 1962) Lom, 1966 Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961 (F) Location: nasal cavity Syn.: Trichodina domerguei f. acuta Host: Leuciscus cephalus Lom, 1961 Dist.: Ogre River Location: skin Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,4) Oncorhynchus mykiss (3) fish (1) Apiosoma piscicolum Blanchard, 1885 (F) Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Location: skin Records: 1. Vismanis 1972 (ponds); 2. Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (1) Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 Gasterosteus aculeatus (3) (ponds); 3. Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina Oncorhynchus mykiss (2) 1989 (tanks); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Salmo salar (3) (ponds) Dist.: Daugava River Record: 1. Vismanis 1972 (ponds); 2. Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 (ponds); 3. Lullu, Trichodina cottidarum Dogiel, 1948 (M,B) Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 4. Kirjusina Location: gills & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River) Hosts: Cottus poecilopus (2) Gadus morhua callarias (1,3) Taurulus bubalis (1,3) Apiosoma poteriforme (F) Triglopsis quadricornis (1,3) (Timofeev in Shulman, 1962) Lom 1966 Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Location: skin Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Host: Leuciscus cephalus Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite Dist.: Ogre River 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga)

Apiosoma sp. (F) Trichodina domerguei (F) Location: skin (Wallengren, 1897) Haider, 1964 Hosts: Alburnoides bipunctatus (5) Includes: Trichodina domerguei Carassius auratus auratus (1,2) domerguei C. carassius (1,2,5) (Wallengren, 1897) Coregonus peled (2,5) Syn.: T. domerguei f. latispina Cyprinus carpio carpio Dogiel, 1940 (1,2,3,4,5) Location: gills C. carpio haematopterus (3) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,9) Gobio gobio gobio (5) Alburnus alburnus (1,3,9) Leucaspius delineatus (1,2,5) Carassius auratus auratus (3) Pungitius pungitius (1,2,5) C. carassius (2) Tinca tinca (2) Coregonus albula (1,9) Dist.: Ogre River Cottus poecilopus (7) Records: 1. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 2. 1962 Cyprinus carpio carpio (3,4,5,9) (ponds); 3. Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); C. carpio haematopterus (4) 4. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 5. Kirjusina & Esox lucius (1,9) Vismanis 2004 (Ogre River, ponds) Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,9)

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Gobio gobio gobio (1,9) Trichodina jadranica Raabe, 1958 (F,B,M) Lota lota (1,9) Location: gills Phoxinus phoxinus (8) Host: Platichthys flesus trachurus Pungitius pungitius (3,9) Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Rutilus rutilus (1,9) Records: Shtein & Vismanis 1982 (Gulf of Sander lucioperca (1,9) Riga); Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); (1,9) Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), Tinca tinca (1,2,9) 1995 (Baltic Sea); Kirjusina & Vismanis fish (6) 2004 (Gulf of Riga) Dist.: Lakes Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers; Kegums Remarks: This ciliate has been reported to be a Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of pathogen in eel culture (see Lom and Riga Dyková 1992). Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955b (Lake Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970 (F) Sīvers), 3. 1958 (ponds); 4. Vismanis & Location: gills Peslak 1963 (ponds); 5. Vismanis 1964, 6. Host: Cottus poecilopus 1972 (ponds); 7. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite Dist.: Gulf of Riga 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 8. Vismanis et al. 1989 Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984, (Lake Sildu); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 1986 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, ponds) Remarks: As this ciliate is specific to Trichodina murmanica Polyanski, 1955 (M) sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) (see Lom and Location: gills Shtein 1966), records from hosts other than Host: Gadus morhua callarias Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius Dist.: Gulf of Riga pungitius are likely to involve Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1986, misidentifications. 1987; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004

Trichodina esocis Lom, 1960 (F) Trichodina mutabilis (F) Syn.: Trichodina domerguei f. esocis Kazubski and Migala, 1968 Lom, 1960 Location: gills, skin Location: gills Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (2.3) Host: Esox lucius fish (1) Dist.: Lake Sildu Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: Vismanis et al. 1989; Kirjusina & Records: 1. Vismanis 1972; 2. Vismanis, Vismanis 2004 Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975; 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: Vismanis, Ivanova and Soldatkina Trichodina fultoni Davis, 1947 (F) (1975) noted that this trichodinid caused Syn.: Trichodina domerguei f. magna disease in common carp fry during June– Lom, 1961 August. Location: gills Host: Tinca tinca Dist.: Lake Sildu Trichodina nigra Lom, 1961 (F) Records: Vismanis et al. 1989; Kirjusina & Location: gills, skln Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Abramis brama (5) Alburnoides bipunctatus (5) Alburnus alburnus (5) Trichodina gasterostei (F,B,M) Carassius auratus auratus (2) Shtein,1967 Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,5) Location: gills Leuciscus cephalus (5) Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus L. leuciscus (5) Dist.: Daugava River Oncorhynchus mykiss (4,5) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2002, 2004 Rutilus rutilus (3,5) Salmo salar (5) fish (1)

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Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Slokas; Daugava, Ogre Sīvers, Slokas; Kegums Water Reservoir, Rivers Daugava River Records: 1. Vismanis 1972 (ponds); 2. Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); (ponds); 3. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake 2. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 (ponds); 3. Sildu); 4. Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Sīvers), 4. (tanks); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 5. Grapmane 1957 (Lakes Slokas, Sildu; Daugava, Ogre Rivers, (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); ponds) 7. 1972 (ponds); 8. Vismanis, Ivanova, & Soldatkina 1975 (ponds); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Rāznas, Trichodina pediculus (F) Sīvers, Slokas; Kegums Water Reservoir, (O.F. Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1838 Daugava River, ponds) Location: gills, skin Remarks: Lom and Dyková (1992) note that Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (2) this species is almost strictly host specific to Cyprinus carpio carpio (2) Carassius auratus auratus and C. carassius. fish (1) Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: 1. Vismanis 1972; 2. Vismanis, Trichodina tenuidens (F) Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975; Kirjusina & Fauré-Fremiet, 1943 Vismanis 2004 Location: gills Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Dist.: Daugava River Trichodina raabei Lom, 1962 (B,M) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2002, 2004 Location: gills Host: Platichthys flesus trachurus Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Trichodina urinaria Dogiel, 1940 (F) Records: Shtein & Vismanis 1982 (Gulf of Location: urinary bladder Riga); Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Host: Perca fluviatilis (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sildu, 1995 (Baltic Sea); Tabolina 1994 (Gulf of Sīvers, Slokas, Usma; Kegums Water Riga); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Gulf of Reservoir; Salaca, Ogre Rivers; Daugava Riga) River Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); Trichodina reticulata (F) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Cirma, Hirschmann and Partsch, 1955 Durbes, Lielauces Sīvers), 1955b (Lake Syn.: Trichodina megamicronucleata Sīvers), 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); auctorum Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Vismanis et T. domerguei megamicronucleata al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Kirjusina & Vismanis auctorum 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Cirma, Durbes, Location: gills, skin Juglas, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Hosts: Abramis brama (3,4,9) Slokas, Usma; Kegums Water Reservoir; Alburnus alburnus (3,9) Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers) Blicca bjoerkna (1,9) Carassius auratus auratus (5,8,9) Trichodina sp. (F,B,M) C. carassius (2,5,9) Includes: Trichodina domerguei f. Coregonus peled (5,9) meridionalis Dogiel, 1940 Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,5,9) T. borealis of Shulman, 1949 Leucaspius delineatus (5,9) Location: gills, skin Perca fluviatilis (6) Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (6,7) Pungitius pungitius (5,9) Cobitis taenia (1,7) Rutilus rutilus (6) Ctenopharyngodon idella (2) Sander lucioperca (6) Gadus morhua callarias (4,5,6,7) Tinca tinca (3,4,5,9) Platichthys flesus trachurus (1,7) fish (7) Psetta maxima (1,7) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Rā znas, Silurus glanis (1,7)

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Vimba vimba (3) Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Dist.: Daugava, Līčupe, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Records: Vismanis, Ivanova, & Soldatkina Riga, Baltic Sea 1975; Kirjusina & Vismanis 200 Dist.: Daugava, Līčupe, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava, Līčupe PHYLUM CHOANOZOA Rivers, Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis & Musselius 1971 (ponds); 3. Vismanis, Spirina CLASS ICHYOSPOREA & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 4. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga), 5. ORDER DERMOCYSTIDA 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 6. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1986 (Baltic Sea); 7. Kirjusina & FAMILY ? Vismanis 2004 (Salaca River, Gulf of Riga) Remarks: Arthur and Lom (1984) considered Trichodina borealis (Dogiel, 1940) to be a Dermocystidium percae (F) nomen dubium. The records of Shulman Reichenbach-Klinke, 1950 (1949) from flatfishes may possibly involve Location: gill covers Trichodina jadranica Haider, 1964. Host: Perca fluviatilis Lom and Laird (1969) considered Dist.: Lake Usmas, Daugava River Trichodina domerguei f. meridionalis Dogiel, Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 1940 to be a mixture of undetermined species Remarks: The ultrastructure and taxonomic and a nomen dubium. positon of this species have recently been reviewed by Pekkarinen et al. (2003).

Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) (F) Šrámek-Hušek, 1953 Dermocystidium sp. (B?) Syn.: Trichodina domerguei Location: gills f. percarum Dogiel, 1940 Host: Zoarces viviparus ?T. carassii Dogiel, 1940 Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Trichodinella percarum Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Gulf (Dogiel, 1940) of Riga,); Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Includes: ?Tripartiella carassii of (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis, 1964 Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Location: gills, skin Gulf of Riga) Hosts: Alburnoides bipunctatus (6) Carasius carassius (1) Cyprinus carpio carpio (2) KINGDOM METAZOA Esox lucius (6) Gymnocephalus cernuus (5,6) PHYLUM MYXOZOA4 Oncorhynchus mykiss (4) Perca fluviatilis (1,6) CLASS Tinca tinca (3,6) Dist.: Lakes Garmuižas, Sildu; Daugava, Ogre ORDER BIVALVULIDA Rivers Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. SUBORDER VARIISPORINA Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 3. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 4. Lullu, Vismanis & FAMILY MYXIDIIDAE Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001 (Lake Garmuižas), 6. 2004 (Lakes Garmuižas, Sildu; Daugava, Ogre Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 (F) Rivers) Location: gills, kidney Remarks: In stressed fish this ciliate Host: Anguilla anguilla proliferates massively and becomes highly Dist.: Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas, Usmas; pathogenic (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Kegums Water Reservoir; Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Gulf of Riga); Trichodinella subtilis Lom, 1959 (F) Location: gills 4 The status of knowledge on the and life Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio cycles of the Myxozoa has been recently reviewed by Lom and Dyková (2006).

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Reinsone 1955a (Lake Liepājas), 1959 (Lake Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers; Kegums Water Liepājas); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Reservoir Liepājas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Gulf of Riga) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir); 2. Remarks: Eels become infected after their Akhmerov & Grapmane. 1954 (ponds); 3. “glass eel” stage, in inland waters. Tubular Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes Burtnieku, and glomerular changes in the kidney are Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, among the most serious pathological Sīvers), 4. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 5. 1959 changes; elvers with tubular damage may (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 6. develop dropsy and suffer mass mortalities. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 7. 1962 (ponds); 8. Skin lesions may render fish unmarketable Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 9. Kirjusina (see Lom and Dyková 1992). & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers; Myxidium lieberkuehni (F) Kegums Water Reservoir, ponds) Bütschli, 1882 Location: urinary bladder Host: Esox lucius Myxidium rhodei Léger, 1905 (F) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Location: kidney Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Hosts: Blicca bjoerkna (2) Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Leuciscus leuciscus (2) Daugava River Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Slokas, Usmas; Ogre River Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); River); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Slokas, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Usmas; Ogre River); Sīvers), 1955b (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Remarks: Lom and Dyková (1992) note that Sīvers), 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, plasmodia that develop in the kidney Sīvers); Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); interstitium provoke an inflammatory Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Kirjusina granulomatous reaction and are eliminated & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, before spores can reach maturity. Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River) Zschokkella nova Klokacheva, 1914 (F) Location: gall bladder Hosts: Abramis brama (1,5) Myxidium macrocapsulare (B) Alburnus alburnus (1,5) Auerbach, 1910 Blicca bjoerkna (1,5) Location: gall bladder [?], urinary Carassius carassius (1,2,4,5) bladder Gobio gobio gobio (1,5) Host: Zoarces viviparus Rutilus rutilus (1,5) Dist.: Gulf of Riga Scardinius erythrophthalmus Record: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (2,3,4,5) Remarks: This species is a common parasite of Tinca tinca (1,5) the kidney and urinary bladder of cyprinid Vimba vimba (1,5) fishes (see Shulman 1966). Its finding in a Dist.: Lakes Lielauces, Rāznas, Rušons, marine host requires verification. Sīvers, Slokas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Myxidium pfeifferi Auerbach,1908 (F) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Location: gall bladder, kidney [?] River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Hosts: Carassius carassius (3,5,6,7) (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,6,7) Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 5. Rutilus rutilus (1,3,4,5,8,9) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Slokas) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (3,4,5) Tinca tinca (3,5,6,7) FAMILY SPHAEROSPORIDAE Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas,

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Hoferellus cyprini (Doflein, 1898) (F) Tinca tinca (3) Mercier, 1908 Dist.: Lake Sildu Location: ureters Records: 1. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 2. Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Vismanis & Musselius 1971 (ponds), 3. Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 4. Records: Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Sildu) Grapmane 1962; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: Morphologically identical populations Remarks: This parasite is mildly pathogenic from separate hosts may vary in size. Although (see Lom and Dyková 1992). known as an innocuous endocommensal, this species can nevertheless pervade the liver parenchyma of common carp and induce necrosis Myxobilatus gasterostei (Parisi, 1912) (B) (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Davis, 1944 Syn.: Henneguya gasterostei Parisi, 1912 Chloromyxum dubium Auerbach, 1908 (F) Location: urinary bladder Location: gall bladder Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Host: Lota lota Dist.: Gulf of Riga Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004

Myxobilatus platessae (B,M) (Bazikalova, 1932) Shulman and Chloromyxum esocinum Dogiel, 1934 (F) Shulman-Albova, 1953 Location: gall bladder Syn.: Henneguya platessae Host: Esox lucius Bazikalova, 1932 Dist.: Lake Liepājas, Kegums Water Location: urinary bladder Reservoir, Daugava River Host: Platichthys flesus trachurus Records: Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Reservoir, Daugava River); Reinsone 1955a Records: Shulman 1949 (Gulf of Riga); (Lake Liepājas), 1959 (Lake Liepājas); Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Liepājas, 1995 (Baltic Sea); Kirjusina & Vismanis Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River) 2004 (Gulf of Riga)

Chloromyxum fluviatile Thélohan, 1892 (F) Sphaerospora elegans Thélohan, 1895 (B) Location: gall bladder Location: kidney Hosts: Blicca bjoerkna (1,4) Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Carassius carassius (1,4) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Rutilus rutilus (2,3,4) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Dist.: Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas 2004 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lake Liepājas), 3. 1959 (Lake Liepājas); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis FAMILY CHLOROMYXIDAE 2004 (Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas)

Caudomyxum nanum Bauer, 1948 (F) Chloromyxum koi Fujita, 1913 (F) Location: kidney Location: gall bladder Host: Lota lota Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Records: Grapmane 1957, 1962; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Vismanis 2004

Chloromyxum cristatum Léger, 1906 (F) Chloromyxum mucronatum (F) Syn.: Chloromyxum cyprini Fujita, 1927 Gurley, 1893 Location: gall bladder Location: urinary bladder Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,4) Host: Lota lota Ctenopharyngodon idella (2) Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir

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Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Remarks: Infection may result in atrophy of Vismanis 2004 large numbers of oocytes and in local circulatory disorders (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Pike from ponds showed heavy Chloromyxum truttae Léger, 1906 (F) infection with approximately 30–40 per cent Location: gall bladder of the ovary volume being comprised of the Hosts: Oncorhynchus mykiss (2,3) parasite’s pseudocysts. Salmo salar (1,2,3) Dist.: Latvia (hatchery) Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1978; 2. Vismanis, Henneguya psorospermica (F) Kuznetsova & Rakitsky 1983; 3. Vismanis, Thélohan, 1892 Volkova & Eglite 1984; 4. Kirjusina & Location: gills Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Remarks: Vismanis et al. (1978) and Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Vismanis, Kuznetsova and Rakitsky 1983) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, recorded mass mortality of Salmo salar fry Liepājas, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; caused by C. truttae. Lom and Dyková Kegums Water Reservoir; Gulf of Riga (1992) also noted that disease may persist Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, for several months with a fatal outcome. Kegums Water Reservoir, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Durbes, Kāla, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. SUBORDER PLATYSPORINA 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Vismanis et al. FAMILY MYXOBOLIDAE 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Henneguya creplini (Gurley, 1894) (F) Water Reservoir; Gulf of Riga) Labbé, 1899 Remarks: Intralamellar plasmodia cause Location: gills deformations of lamellae, which may fuse Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus together, reducing the respiratory surface. Dist.: Daugava River Infected fish may die rapidly from oxygen Records: Vismanis & Popov 1990; Kirjusina deficiency (see Lom and Dyková 1992). & Vismanis 2004

Henneguya schizura (Gurley, 1893) (F) Henneguya lobosa (Cohn, 1895) (F) Labbé, 1899 Labbé, 1899 Location: vitreous humour of eye Location: gills Host: Esox lucius Host: Esox lucius Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Indra, Juglas, Rāznas, Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir Vismanis 2004 Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir); Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Gurley, 1894) (F) (Lakes Indra, Juglas, Rāznas, Slokas, Usmas; Doflein, 1901 Kegums Water Reservoir) Location: musculature, gills (?) Hosts: Coregonus albula (1,2,3) C. lavaretus (1) Henneguya oviperda (Cohn, 1895) (F) Esox lucius (4) Labbé, 1899 Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Sildu, Sīvers Location: ovaries, intestinal wall (?) Records: 1. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Cirma, Host: Esox lucius Sīvers), 2. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 3. 1959 Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, Rāznas, (Lake Sīvers); 4. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu, Usmas Sildu); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas); Cirma, Sildu, Sīvers) Reinsone 1955a (Lake Durbes); Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Myxobolus anurum Cohn, 1895 (F) (Lakes Durbes, Rāznas, Sildu, Usmas) Syn.: Myxosoma anurus (Cohn,1895)

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Includes: M. dujardini auctorum Carassius carassius (1,2,3,4,5,6) Location: gills Perca fluviatilis (1,6) Hosts: Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Dist.: Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas; Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,7) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; 2. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 (ponds); 3. Daugava, Ogre Rivers Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas), Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas); 5. Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Grapmane 1962 (ponds); 6. Kirjusina & River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. Rāznas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, River) Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Remarks: In heavy infections, the mass of 6. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. parasites may form a hump anterior to the Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Cirma, dorsal fin (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre Rivers) Myxobolus cycloides Gurley, 1893 (F) Location: gall bladder, gills, kidney, urinary bladder Myxobolus bramae Reuss, 1906 (F) Hosts: Aspius aspius (1,6) Location: cornea of eye, gills, kidney Gobio gobio gobio (1,6) urinary bladder Lota lota (5) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4,5,6) Rutilus rutilus (2,3,4,6) Alburnus alburnus (1,2,6) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4,5,6) (2,3,4,6) Carassius carassius (1,7) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Liepājas, Rāznas, Leucaspius delineatus (5) Sīvers; Kegums Water Reservoir Leuciscus cephalus (5) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,6,7) Kegums Water Reservoir); 2. Reinsone Scardinius erythrophthalmus 1955a (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (1,2,4,6) (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Tinca tinca (1,6) Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Vimba vimba (1,6) 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers; Kegums Water Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Reservoir) Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sīvers, Remarks: This species is common in cyprinids Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; and may be pathogenic (see Lom and Daugava River; Gulf of Riga Dyková 1992). Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Myxobolus cyprini Doflein, 1898 (F) (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Syn.: Myxobolus pseudodispar Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b Gorbunova, 1936 (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Disparspora pseudodispar Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake (Gorbunova, 1936) Burtnieku); 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Location: musculature (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Hosts: Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,7,8) Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Cyprinus carpio carpio (5,6,8) Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sīvers, Tinca tinca (5,6,8) Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Juglas, Lielauces, Daugava River; Gulf of Riga) Riču, Sīvers; Kegums Water Reservoir Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Reservoir); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Myxobolus carassii Klokacheva, 1914 (F) Burtnieku, Lielauces, Sīvers); 3. 1955b (Lake Location: gills, intestinal wall, liver, Sīvers), 4. (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 5. mesenteries, musculature Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 6. 1962 (ponds); 7. Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (1,6) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 8.

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Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Perca fluviatilis (1,8) Burtnieku, Juglas, Lielauces, Riču, Sīvers; Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,8) Kegums Water Reservoir, ponds) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (2,3,8) Tinca tinca (1,8) Myxobolus dispar Thélohan, 1895 (F) Vimba vimba (7,8) Syn.: Dispaspora dispar Dist.: Lakes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, (Thélohan, 1895) Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Includes: Myxobolus diversicapsularis Reservoir; Daugava, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of of Kirjusina & Vismanis, 2004 Riga Location: gills, musculature, peritoneal Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, epithelium, urinary bladder, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); wall of gall bladder 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Hosts: Aspius aspius (1,11) Durbes, Sīvers), 3. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 4. Carassius carassius Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 5. 1962 (ponds); 6. (1,2,3,5,6,8,10,11) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 7. Cyprinus carpio carpio Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of (2,4,5,7,8,9,10,11) Riga); 8. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Gobio gobio gobio (1,11) (Lakes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Rāznas, Leuciscus cephalus (1,11) Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; L. leuciscus (1,11) Daugava, Salaca Rivers) Rutilus rutilus (1,3,4,6,11) Remarks: Shulman (1949) recorded many Scardinius erythrophthalmus anomalous four-capsuled spores. (1,3,11) This species is common in cyprinids and Tinca tinca (5,8) may be pathogenic (see Lom and Dyková Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Lielauces, Liepājas, 1992). Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe Rivers Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Myxobolus exiguus Thélohan, 1895 (F) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Location: gills, kidney Rītupe Rivers); 2. Akhmerov & Grapmane Hosts: Abramis brama 1954 (ponds); 3. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Aspius aspius Cirma, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 4. 1955b Blicca bjoerkna (Lake Sīvers), 5. 1958 (ponds), 6. 1959 Leuciscus idus (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 7. Rutilus rutilus Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 8. 1962 (ponds); 9. Dist.: Lake Rušons, Kegums Water Reservoir, Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 10. Daugava River Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 11 Kirjusina & Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Cirma, Lielauces, Vismanis 2004 Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe Rivers, ponds) Myxobolus gigas Auerbach, 1906 (F) Remarks: This parasite’s normal and abnormal Location: gills forms were described by Shulman (1949). Host: Abramis brama In heavy infections, damage to the gill Dist.: Lakes Rāznas, Sildu, Usmas tissue impairs respiration (see Lom and Records: Kirjushina & Vismanis 2003 (-), Dyková 1992). 2004 (Lakes Rāznas, Sildu, Usmas)

Myxobolus ellipsoides Thélohan, 1892 (F) Myxobolus lomi Donets and (F) Location: cornea, gills, gill archs, internal Kulakovskaya in Shulman, 1962 organs, mesenteries, Location: gills swimbladder, urinary bladder Host: Phoxinus phoxinus Hosts: Abramis brama (6,8) Dist.: Lake Sildu Alburnus alburnus (1,2,8) Records: Vismanis et al. 1989; Kirjusina & Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,6,8) Vismanis 2004 Carassius carassius (1,4,8) Cyprinus carpio carpio (4,5,8) Leucaspius delineatus (4,6) Myxobolus macrocapsularis (F)

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Reuss, 1906 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas; Location: gills Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4) Rivers); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4) Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Sīvers), 3. 1955b Rutilus rutilus (1,4) (Lake Sivers), 4. 1959 (Lake Sivers); 5. Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Kāla, Rāznas, Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir); 2. Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kāla); 3. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre, 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Rītupe, Salaca Rivers) Burtnieku, Cirma, Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons; Remarks: Populations from the same and Kegums Water Reservoir) different hosts show differences in spore size and shape, indicating great variability but also the possibility that M. muelleri Myxobolus magnus Awerinzew, 1913 (F) comprises several closely related species (see Location: vitreous humor of eye Lom and Dyková 1992). Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River Myxobolus musculi Keysselitz, 1908 (F) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Location: musculature, skin Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Abramis brama Perca fluviatilis Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Usmas Myxobolus minutus Nemeczek, 1911 (F) Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Location: gill filaments Hosts: Leuciscus cephalus (1,3) L. leuciscus (1,3) Myxobolus nemeczeki Shulman, 1962 (F) Perca fluviatilis (2,3) Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Slokas, Usmas; Hosts: Aspius aspius (1) Daugava, Ogre, Rītupe Rivers Leuciscus idus (1,2) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava, Rītupe L. leuciscus (1,2) Rivers); 2. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Rītupe Rivers Slokas,Usmas; Ogre, Rītupe Rivers) Records: Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe Rivers); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava, Myxobolus muelleri Bütschli, 1882 (F) Rītupe Rivers) Location: gills, gill covers, kidney musculature, wall of gall bladder Myxobolus oviformis Thélohan, 1882 (F) Hosts: Abramis brama (2,3,4,7) Location: gills, i n testine, kidney, Aspius aspius (1,7) mesenteries Blicca bjoerkna (7) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,3) Carassius carassius (6,7) Alburnus alburnus (1,2,3) Gobio gobio gobio (7) Aspius aspius (1,3) Leuciscus cephalus (1,7) Blicca bjoerkna (1,3) L. idus (1,7) Gobio gobio gobio (1,3) L. leuciscus ) (1,7) Vimba vimba (1,3) Lota lota (1,2,4,7) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Rāznas, Rušons; Rutilus rutilus (2,3,4,5,6,7) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Scardinius erythrophthalmus (7) Gulf of Riga Tinca tinca (6,7) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Vimba vimba (7) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Durbes, Juglas, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, (Lake Alūksnes); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Rāznas, Rušons; Daugava, Ogre, Rītupe, Salaca Rivers Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River;

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Gulf of Riga) Location: gills Hosts: Rutilus rutilus Dist.: Lake Durbes Myxobolus permagnus Wegener, 1910 (F) Records: Reinsone 1955a; Kirjusina & Syn.: Myxobolus physophilus Vismanis 2004 Reuss, 1906 Location: walls of gall bladder and swimbladder Thelohanellus fuhrmanni (F) Hosts: Gobio gobio gobio (1,3) (Auerbach, 1909) Kudo, 1933 Scardinius erythrophthalmus (2) Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Rāznas; Kegums Host: Rutilus rutilus Water Reservoir Dist.: Lake Durbes Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Records: Reinsone 1955a; Kirjusina & Water Reservoir); 2. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Vismanis 2004 Burtnieku); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Rāznas; Kegums Water Reservoir) Thelohanellus oculileucisci (F) (Trojan, 1909) Kudo, 1933 Myxobolus rotundus Nemeczek, 1911 (F) Location: vitreous humour of eye Location: gills Hosts: Abramis brama (1,4) Host: Gobio gobio gobio Rutilus rutilus (2,3,4) Dist.: Lake Rāznas Dist.: Lake Sīvers, Daugava River Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. 2004 Reinsone 1955a (Lake Sīvers), 3. (Lake Sīvers); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Sīvers, Daugava River) Myxobolus rutili (F) Donets and Tozyjakova, 1984 Location: fins, gills Thelohanellus pyriformis (F) Host: Rutilus rutilus (Thélohan, 1892) Kudo, 1933 Dist.: Lake Slokas Location: gills, kidney Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Tinca tinca Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sīvers; Daugava River Myxobolus sandrae Reuss, 1906 (F) Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Syn.: Myxobolus luciopercae Daugava River); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Dogiel, 1933 Cirma, Lielauces, Sīvers), 1955b (Lake Location: gill archs and filaments Sīvers), Reinsone 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Host: Sander lucioperca Sīvers); Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 1962 Dist.: Lake Juglas, Daugava River (ponds); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); Cirma, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sīvers; Daugava Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Juglas, River, ponds) Daugava River) Remarks: Mass infection causes “lump Remarks: Infections in the spinal cord of disease” of cyprinids and coregonids (see European perch (Perca fluviatilus) can result Bauer 1984). in severe deformations of the vertebral column (see Lom and Dyková 2006). PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES

Myxobolus thelohanellus (F) CLASS Shulman and Vikhrova, 1952 Location: gill covers SUBCLASS Host: Carassius carassius Dist.: Lake Rāznas ORDER DIPLOSTOMIDA Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 SUBORDER DIPLOSTOMATA

SUPERFAMILY DIPLOSTOMOIDEA Myxobolus sp. (F)

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FAMILY CYATHOCOTYLIDAE Remarks: Adults of members of this are found in the intestines of piscivorous birds.

Paracoenogonimus ovatus (F) Katsurada, 1914 metacercaria Diplostomum petromyzifluviatilis (F) Syn.: Diplostomulum hughesi Diesing, 1860 metacercaria Markevich, 1934 Location: brain Neodiplostomum hughesi Host: Lampetra fluviatilis (Markevich, 1934) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Location: gills, intestine, kidney, liver, Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); musculature, vitreous humor of Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of eye Riga); Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3) (Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Alburnus alburnus (1,3) (rivers entering Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina Aspius aspius (1,3) 2005 (Daugava River) Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,3) C. carassius (1,3) Esox lucius (1,3) Diplostomum pungiti Shigin, 1965 (F) Gobio gobio gobio (1,3) metacercaria Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,3) Location: lens, vitreous humor of eye Leuciscus cephalus (1,3) Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus L. idus (1,3) Dist.: Daugava River L. leuciscus (1,3) Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Perca fluviatilis (3) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3) Diplostomum spathaceum (F) Sander lucioperca (1,3) (Rudolphi, 1819) Olsson, 1876 Scardinius erythrophthalmus metacercaria (1,2,3) Location: lens, vitreous humor of eye Tinca tinca (1,3) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4,6,21) Vimba vimba (1,3) Alburnoides bipunctatus (1,21) Dist.: Lakes Černavu, Dārza, Juglas, Alburnus alburnus (1,2,21) Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Alosa fallax fallax (1,21) Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Anguilla anguilla (1,21) Reservoir; Daugava, Līčupe, Lielupe Rivers; Aspius aspius (1,21) Gulf of Riga Belone belone (1,21) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4,6,21) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Carassius carassius (1,3,5,21) Līčupe Rivers; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone Clupea harengus membras 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 3. (1,13,15,21) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Černavu, Coregonus albula (2,3,21) Dārza, Riču; Daugava River) C. lavaretus (1,21) C. peled (5,21) Cottus gobio (1,21) FAMILY DIPLOSTOMIDAE C. poecilopus (15) Ctenopharyngodon idella (11) Cyprinus carpio carpio Diplostomum commutatum (F) (5,7,10,21) (Diesing, 1850) Dubois, 1937 C. carpio haematopterus (9) metacercaria Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,6,17,21) Syn.: Diplostomum rutili Gadus morhua callarias Razmashkin, 1969 (1,8,14,15,16,21) Location: lens, vitreous humor of eye Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,21) Hosts: Esox lucius (2) Gobio gobio gobio (1,21) Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Gymnocephalus cernuus Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava (1,2,3,4,6,21) River Lampetra fluviatilis Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); (1,13,15,21,21) 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Sildu, Leucaspius delineatus (5,6,21) Slokas, Usmas; Daugava River) Leuciscus cephalus (1,6,21)

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L. idus (1,21) Diplostomulum sp. metacercaria (F) L. leuciscus (1,21) Includes: Diplostomum sp. Lota lota (1,2,4,21) metacercaria auctorum Oncorhynchus mykiss (18) Location: lens, vitreous humor of eye Osmerus eperlanus (1,15,21) Hosts: Abramis brama (6) O. eperlanus spirinchus (3,21) Alburnus alburnus (6) Pelecus cultratus (1,21) Anguilla anguilla (6) Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,6,21) Blicca bjoerkna (6) Phoxinus phoxinus (14,21) Carassius carassius (6) Platichthys flesus trachurus Coregonus peled (2) (1,8,15,19,20,21) Clupea harengus membras (1) Psetta maxima (1,21) Ctenopharyngodon idella (2) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,6,21) Cyprinus carpio carpio (2) Salmo trutta morpha fario (1,21) Esox lucius (6) Sander lucioperca (1,21) Gadus morhua callarias (5,6) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Gymnocephalus cernuus (2,6) (1,2,3,4,21) Lampetra fluviatilis (1) Silurus glanis (1,21) Oncorhynchus mykiss (4) Taurulus bubalis (1,21) Osmerus eperlanus (1) Tinca tinca (1,2,4,21) Perca fluviatilis (6) Triglopsis quadricornis (1,21) Platichthys flesus (5) Vimba vimba (1,12,21) P. flesus trachurus (1,3) Zoarces viviparus (1,8,15,21) Rutilus rutilus (6) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Sander lucioperca (6) Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (6) Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas,Usmas; Tinca tinca (6) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Līčupe, Vimba vimba (6) Ogre, Rītupe, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga; Zoarces viviparus (1,3) Baltic Sea Dist.: Lakes Černavu, Dārza, Juglas, Riču, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Daugava, Ogre, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Gulf of Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga; Baltic Sea Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Records: 1. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1982 Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, (Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis 1972, 3. 1987 Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. (Gulf of Riga); 4. Lullu et al. 1989 (tanks); 5. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1995 (Baltic Sea); Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1961 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes (Lake Burtnieku), 7. 1964 (ponds), 8. 1987 Černavu, Dārza, Juglas, Riču, Slokas, Usmas, (Gulf of Riga); 9. Akhmerov 1961 (ponds); Žuguru; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Baltic 10. Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 11. Sea) Vismanis & Musselius 1971 (ponds); 12. Remarks: The genus Diplostomulum Brandes, Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of 1892 contains diplostomid larvae of similar Riga); 13. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 morphology that cannot, because of their (Gulf of Riga), 14. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 15. immaturity, be assigned to adult genera (see Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Niewiadomska 2002). Riga), 16. 1986 (Gulf of Riga);. 17. Vismanis Larval eye flukes cause diplostomosis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 18. Lullu, Vismanis (parasitic cataract) in fish, which may result & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 19. Vismanis & in blindness and death. Vismanis (1972), for Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea); 20. Tabolina example, noted mass mortality of 1994 (Gulf of Riga &/or Baltic Sea); 21. Gymnocephalus cernuus and Coregonus Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, peled due to these parasites. Vismanis (1978) Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, recorded mass mortality of fry of rainbow Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) due to cercarial Sīvers, Slokas,Usmas; Kegums Water diplostomosis. Reservoir; Daugava, Līčupe, Ogre, Rītupe, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Remarks: A number of diplostomid species are Hysteromorpha triloba (F) probably included under this taxon (see Bauer (Rudolphi, 1819) Lutz, 1931 metacercaria 1987). Syn.: Neascus musculicola (Waldenburg, 1860)

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Location: musculature metacercaria Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4) Syn.: Neascus brevicaudatus Blicca bjoerkna (1,4) (Nordmann, 1832) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4) Location: brain, eyes Sander lucioperca (4) Hosts: Carassius carassius (6) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Esox lucius (9) (1,2,4) Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,9) Tinca tinca (1,4) Gymnocephalus cernuus (9) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Černavu, Cirma, Perca fluviatilis Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Riču, Sīvers, (1,2,3,4,9) Usmas Platichthys flesus trachurus Records: 1. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, (1,5,7,8,9) Cirma, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 2. 1955b Rutilus rutilus (1,9) (Lake Sīvers); 3. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,9) Burtnieku); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Tinca tinca (9) (Lakes Burtnieku, Černavu, Cirma, Juglas, Zoarces viviparus (5) Lielauces, Liepājas, Riču, Sīvers, Usmas) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Neodiplostomulum sp. metacercaria (F) Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Includes: Neodiplostomum sp. Rivers; Gulf of Riga; Baltic Sea metacercaria auctorum Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Location: vitreous humor of eye Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Hosts: Gymnocephalus cernuus River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Lota lota (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Kāla, Liepājas), Perca fluviatilis 3. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 4. Vismanis Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 5. Vismanis, Volkova Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 6. Vismanis et Vismanis 2004 al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. Vismanis & Remarks: As Neodiplostomum type Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 8. 1995 metacercariae cannot be assigned to adult (Baltic Sea); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 genera with confidence (see Niewiadomska (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Juglas, Kāla, 2002), these records are referred to the larval Liepājas, Riču, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; genus Neodiplostomulum. Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga)

Ornithodiplostomum scardinii (F) (Shulman, 1952) Sudarikov Posthodiplostomum cuticola (F) and Kurotshkin, 1968 metacercaria (Nordmann, 1832) Dubois, 1936 Syn.: ?Neascus sp. of Shulman, 1949 metacercaria Location: brain Syn.: Neascus cuticola Hosts: Abramis brama (3) Nordmann, 1832 Rutilus rutilus (3) Location: skin Scardinius erythrophthalmus Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,8) (1,2,3) Alburnus alburnus (1,8) Dist.: Lakes Dārza, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,8) Slokas, Usmas; Daugava River Carassius carassius (2,4,8) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Cyprinus carpio carpio (4,6,7,8) Rušons; Daugava River); 2. Kirjushina & C. carpio haematopterus (5) Vismanis 2003 (Lakes Sīvers, Slokas), 3. Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,8) 2004 (Lakes Dārza, Rāznas, Rušons, Slokas, Leuciscus cephalus (8) Usmas) L. idus (1,8) Remarks: Based on the host and location, we Perca fluviatilis (8) tentatively refer the report of Neascus sp. by Rutilus rutilus (1,2,8) Shulman (1949) to this species. Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,2,3,8) Vimba vimba (8) Posthodiplostomum brevicaudatum (F) Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Dārza, Durbes, Juglas, (Nordmann, 1832) Wisniewski, 1958 Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas,

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Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Līčupe, Lielupe, Ogre, Salaca Rivers Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Cirma, Līčupe Rivers; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone Durbes, Sīvers), 3. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 4. 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 5. Akhmerov 1961 Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. (ponds); 6. Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes 7. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 8. Kirjusina & Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Grapmane Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Cirma, Dārza, Durbes, 1957 (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Juglas, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Burtnieku), 7. 1964 (ponds); 8. Vismanis & Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Peslak 1963 (ponds); 9. Vismanis et al. 1989 Daugava, Lielupe, Ogre, Salaca Rivers) (Lake Sildu); 10. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: This larval digenean is the agent of (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Cirma, posthodiplostomosis (“blackspot” disease) in Dārza, Durbes, Indra, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, fry. The disease causes backbone Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, deformation, tissue distruction, retarded Rušons, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water growth and frequent mortality (see Bauer Reservoir; Daugava, Līčupe, Ogre, Salaca 1987). Rivers; ponds)

Tylodelphys clavata (F) FAMILY STRIGEIDAE (Nordmann, 1832) Diesing, 1850 metacercaria Syn.: Diplostomum clavatum Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (F) Nordmann, 1832 (Rudolphi, 1809) Odening, 1969 Location: vitreous humor of eye metacercaria Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,5,6,10) Syn.: Tetracotyle coregoni Alburnus alburnus (2,10) Dogiel and Akhmerov, 1941 Aspius aspius (1,10) T. intermedia Hughes, 1928 Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,5,6,10) Location: heart, kidney, mesenteries Carassius carassius (5,10) Hosts: Coregonus albula (1,2,3,4,5) Cobitis taenia (1,10) C. lavaretus (2) Coregonus albula (2,10) Osmerus eperlanus (1,5) C. lavaretus (2,10) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Cirma, Rāznas, Sīvers; Cyprinus carpio carpio (4,7,8,10) Daugava River Esox lucius (1,2,3,5,6,10) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Gobio gobio gobio (10) Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Gymnocephalus cernuus Alūksnes, Cirma, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake (1,2,3,5,6,10) Alūksnes), 4. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 5. Kirjusina Leucaspius delineatus (5,6,10) & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Cirma, Leuciscus cephalus (6) Rāznas, Sīvers; Daugava River) L. idus (10) L. leuciscus (10) Lota lota (1,2,3,5,10) Ichthyocotylurus pileatus (F) Perca fluviatilis (Rudolphi, 1802) Odening, 1969 (1,2,3,5,6,10,11) metacercaria Rutilus rutilus Location: mesenteries (1,2,3,5,6,9,10) Hosts: Gobio gobio gobio (2) Sander lucioperca (1,10) Gymnocephalus cernuus (2) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Perca fluviatilis (2) (1,2,3,5,10) Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Tinca tinca (2,5,10) Sander lucioperca (2) Vimba vimba (1,10) Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Usmas; Ogre River Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Cirma, Dārza, Durbes, Indra, Juglas, Kāla, 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Sildu, Sildu,Usmas, Ogre River) Sīvers, Slokas, Rušons, Usmas, Žuguru;

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Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus (F) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,7) (Creplin, 1825) Odening, 1969 Blicca bjoerkna (7) metacercaria Gymnocephalus cernuus (2,5,7) Syn.: Tetracotyle ovata Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) von Linstow, 1877 Rutilus rutilus (1,7) T. variegata (Creplin, 1825) Sander lucioperca (1,7) Cotylurus pileatus auctorum Vimba vimba (7) Location: brain, gills, heart, internal Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, organs, mesenteries Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Hosts: Abramis brama (1,3,8,11) Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Alburnus alburnus (3,11) Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga Blicca bjoerkna (1,3,8,11) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Carassius auratus auratus (7,11) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava C. carassius (1,2,3,5,6,7,11) River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Cyprinus carpio carpio (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, (2,5,7,9,11) Kāla, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 C. carpio haematopterus (2) (Lake Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Esox lucius (3,5,6,11) Burtnieku); 6. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Gobio gobio gobio (1,11) Sildu); 7. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Gymnocephalus cernuus Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, (1,3,4,6,8,11) Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Leucaspius delineatus (7,8,11) Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Leuciscus cephalus (1,11) River; Gulf of Riga) L. idus (1,10,11) Perca fluviatilis (1,3,4,8,11) Pungitius pungitius (7,11) Tetracotyle sp. metacercaria (F) Rutilus rutilus (1,3,6,11) Location: not given Sander lucioperca (1,8,11) Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio Tinca tinca (6,7,11) C. carpio haematopterus Vimba vimba (10) Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Record: Akhmerov 1961 Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Remarks: Tetracotyle De Filippi, 1854 is a Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, larval genus containing diplostomid larvae of Lielupe Rivers; Gulf of Riga similar morphology that cannot be assigned to Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, adult genera (see Niewiadomska 2002). Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 (ponds); 3. Reinsone 1955a SUPERFAMILY SCHISTOSOMATOIDEA (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Liepājas, Sīvers), 4. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 5. FAMILY SANGUINICOLIDAE 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 6. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 7. 1962 (ponds); 8. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku), 9. 1964 (ponds); 10. Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905 (F) Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Location: circulatory system Riga); 11. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Liep ājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Usmas; Records: Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe Grapmane 1957; Reinsone 1958; Akhmerov Rivers; Gulf of Riga) 1961; Vismanis 1964, 1972; Kirjusina & Remarks: Vismanis (1961) recorded mortality Vismanis 2004 of Gymnocephalus cernuus caused by this Remarks: This blood fluke causes species. sanguinicolosis and mass mortality in carp fingerlings (see Bauer 1987).

Ichthyocotylurus variegatus (F) (Creplin, 1825) metacercaria ORDER Syn.: Tetracotyle percaefluviatilis von Linstow, 1856 SUBORDER HEMIURATA Location: mesenteries

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SUPERFAMILY AZYGIOIDEA adult and metacercaria Location: gills, intestine, musculature FAMILY AZYGIIDAE Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4,6,10) Alburnus alburnus (1,10) Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,6,10) Azygia lucii (O.F. Müller, 1776) (F) Carassius carassius (1,5,10) Lühe, 1909 Cyprinus carpio carpio (5,7,10) Location: esophagus, intestine, stomach Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,6,10) Hosts: Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Gobio gobio gobio (1,10) Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,7) Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,10) Sander lucioperca (1,7) Leucaspius delineatus (6) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Indra, Juglas, Leuciscus cephalus (1,10) Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, L. leuciscus (1,10) Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Ogre Rivers; Gulf Pelecus cultratus (1,10) of Riga Perca fluviatilis (1,2,6,9,10) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Phoxinus phoxinus (9,10) Rušons; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Rutilus rutilus (1,2,6,9,10) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Sander lucioperca (1,10) Kāla, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Scardinius erythrophthalmus Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. (1,10) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Vismanis Silurus glanis (1,10) et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. Kirjusina & Tinca tinca (1,4,10) Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Vimba vimba (1,8,10) Indra, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, Juglas, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Ogre Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe, Remarks: The (Esox lucius) is Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga the primary definitive host for this digenean Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas; (see Bauer 1987). Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe Rivers); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. SUPERFAMILY HEMIUROIDEA 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 5. Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku), FAMILY HEMIURIDAE 7. 1964 (ponds); 8. Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 9. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 10. Kirjusina & Brachyphallus crenatus (B,M) Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, (Rudolphi, 1802) Odhner, 1905 Juglas, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Location: intestine Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Rītupe, Hosts: Clupea harengus membras (2,3,4) Salaca Rivers) Salmo salar (1,4) Remarks: Adults occur in the intestine of Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga predatory fish, while metacercariae are found Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. in the musculature and gills of cyprinids and Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of other prey species (see Bauer 1987). Riga); 3. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Rhipidocotyle campanula (F) (Dujardin, 1845) adult and metacercaria Location: eyes, gills, intestine SUBORDER BUCEPHALATA Hosts: Abramis brama (2) Alburnus alburnus (2) SUPERFAMILY BUCEPHALOIDEA Alburnoides bipunctatus (2) Blicca bjoerkna (2) FAMILY BUCEPHALIDAE Esox lucius (1,2) Gymnocephalus cernuus (2) SUBFAMILY BUCEPHALINAE Leuciscus leuciscus (2) Perca fluviatilis (1,2) Phoxinus phoxinus (1,2) Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827 (F) Rutilus rutilus (1,2)

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Sander lucioperca (2) Lühe, 1909 Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Sildu, Slokas, Usmas, Location: intestine Žuguru; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers Host: Tinca tinca Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Dārza, Durbes, 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Sildu, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Daugava, Slokas; Daugava River Ogre, Salaca Rivers) Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Remarks: Adults occur in the intestine of Daugava River); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes predatory fish, while metacercariae are found Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Lielauces, mainly in the musculature, gills and eyes of Liepājas, Sīvers), 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 1959 cyprinids (see Bauer 1987). (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); Grapmane 1957 (ponds); Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake SUBORDER OPISTHORCHIATA Sildu); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Dārza, Durbes, Lielauces, SUPERFAMILY OPISTHORCHIOIDEA Liepājas Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas; Daugava River) FAMILY

Asymphylodora sp. (F) concava (Creplin, 1825) (M) Location: intestine Fischoeder, 1903 metacercaria Host: Scardinius erythrophthalmus Location: gills Dist.: Lake Sīvers Host: Platichthys flesus trachurus Record: Rinsone 1955b Dist.: Baltic Sea Records: Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994, 1995 Parasymphylodora markewitschi (F) (Kulakovskaya, 1947) Cryptocotyle sp. metacercaria (M) Syn.: Asymphylodora markewitschi Location: gills Kulakovskaya, 1947 Host: Platichthys flesus trachurus Location: intestine Dist.: Gulf of Riga Host: Scardinius erythrophthalmus Record: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Dist.: Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons; Daugava River Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, SUBORDER MONORCHIATA Rušons; Daugava River); Reinsone 1955a (Lake Liepājas), 1959 (Lake Liepājas); SUPERFAMILY MONORCHIOIDEA Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons; Daugava River) FAMILY LISSORCHIIDAE

Palaeorchis incognitus Szidat, 1943 (F) Asymphylodora imitans (F) Location: intestine (Muehling, 1898) Looss, 1988 Host: Rutilus rutilus Location: intestine Dist.: Daugava Ri ver Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,5) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4,5) Vismanis 2004 Rutilus rutilus (2,3,5) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava River Palaeorchis unicus Szidat, 1943 (F) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. Location: intestine Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Sīvers), 3. Host: Blicca bjoerkna 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 4. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Dist.: Daugava River Burtnieku); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & (Lakes Burtnieku, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava Vismanis 2004 River)

SUBORDER XIPHIDIATA Asymphylodora tincae (Modeer, 1790) (F)

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SUPERFAMILY ALLOCREADIOIDEA Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone FAMILY 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, isoporum (Looss, 1894) (F) Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Odhner, 1901 6. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. Location: intestine Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Hosts: Abramis brama (4) Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Alburnus alburnus (1,2,4) Rāznas, Riču, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,3,4) Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Carassius carassius (1,2,3,4) Esox lucius (4) Gobio gobio gobio (1,4) Crepidostomum farionis (F) Leuciscus cephalus (1,4) (O.F.Müller, 1780) Lühe, 1909 L. idus (1,4) Location: intestine L. leuciscus (4) Host: Coregonus lavaretus Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4) Dist.: Daugava River Scardinius erythrophthalmus Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & (1,2,3,4) Vismanis 2004 Tinca tinca (4) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Dārza, Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Slokas, FAMILY Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre Rivers Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, (Ivanitsky, 1928) (F) Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Syn.: Coitocaecum skrjabini Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Durbes, Ivanitsky, 1928 Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1959 (Lakes Location: intestine Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 4. Kirjusina & Hosts: Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,3) Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Dārza, Platichthys flesus trachurus Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, (1,2,3) Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Silurus glanis (1,3) Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre Rivers) Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River, Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Allocreadium transversale (F) Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Vismanis & (Rudolphi, 1802) Odhner, 1901 Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea); 3. Kirjusina Location: intestine & Vismanis 2004 (Kegums Water Reservoir, Hosts: Carassius carassius (1,2,3) Daugava River) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3) Dist.: Lakes Černavu, Liepājas, Sī vers Records: 1. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Liepājas, Sphaerostomum bramae (F) Sīvers), 2. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 3. (O.F. Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1909 Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Černavu, Location: intestine Liepājas, Sīvers) Hosts: Abramis brama (2,3,5) Alburnus alburnus (1,2) Anguilla anguilla (1,2,3,5) Bunodera luciopercae (F) Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,3,5) (O.F. Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1909 Esox lucius (4) Location: intestine Leucaspius delineatus (4) Hosts: Esox lucius (2,4) Leuciscus cephalus (5) Gymnocephalus cernuus (2,7) L. idus (5) Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Rutilus rutilus (2,3,5) Sander lucioperca (1,7) Vimba vimba (1,5) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas, Žuguru; Daugava, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Ogre, Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas,

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Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1916) (F) 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Kāla, Liepājas, Braun, 1899 Sīvers), 3. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 4. Location: ureters, urinary bladder Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 5. Kirjusina Hosts: Abramis brama (1,7) & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Juglas, Alburnus alburnus (1,7) Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas, Carassius carassius (1,7) Žuguru; Daugava, Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) Gasterosteus aculeatus (7) Gymnocephalus cernuus (7) Plagioporus angusticolle (F) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, (Hausmann, 1896) Dobrovolny, 1939 Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Syn.: Allocreadium angusticolle Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Hausmann, 1896 Reservoir; Daugava River Location: intestine Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Hosts: Alburnoides bipunctatus (2) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir); 2. Cottus gobio (1,2) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Leuciscus idus (1,2) Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. Dist.: Daugava, Ogre Rivers 1955b (Lake Sivers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava, Ogre 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Vismanis et al. Rivers) 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, SUPERFAMILY GORGODEROIDEA Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River) FAMILY GORGODERIDAE

Phyllodistomum megalorchis (F) Phyllodistomum angulatum (F) Nybelin, 1926 von Linstow, 1907 Location: urinary bladder Location: urinary bladder Hosts: Gymnocephalus cernuus Hosts: Perca fluviatilis Lota lota Sander lucioperca Dist.: Lake Rāznas Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Vismanis 2004

Phyllodistomum pseudofolium (F) Phyllodistomum elongatum (F) Nybelin, 1926 Nybelin, 1926 Location: ureters, urinary bladder Location: ureters, urinary bladder Hosts: Gymnocephalus cernuus Hosts: Abramis brama (1,3) (1,2,3,4,5) Aspius aspius (1,3) Perca fluviatilis (2,4,5) Blicca bjoerkna (1,3) Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sī vers; Leuciscus leuciscus (1,5) Kegums Water Reservoir Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Tinca tinca (3) Kegums Water Reservoir); 2. Reinsone 1955a Vimba vimba (1,3) (Lakes Cirma, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b Dist.: Lakes Dārza, Riču, Rušons, Sildu, (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Slokas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Sīvers); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes River Cirma, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers; Kegums Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Water Reservoir) Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Dārza, Phyllodistomum simile Nybelin, 1926 (F) Riču, Rušons, Sildu, Slokas; Kegums Water Location: urinary bladder Reservoir; Daugava River) Host: Cottus gobio Dist.: Daugava River

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Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Location: gills 2004 Host: Platichthys flesus trachurus Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1986 CLASS MONOGENOIDEA (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), SUBCLASS POLYONCHOINEA 1995 (Baltic Sea); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Gulf of Riga) ORDER GYRODACTYLIDEA

FAMILY GYRODACTYLIDAE Gyrodactylus gasterostei Ergens, 1980 (F) Location: gills Host: Rutilus rutilus Gyrodactylus aeglefini (M) Dist.: Lake Garmuižas Bychowsky and Polyansky, 1953 Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Location: gills Host: Gadus morhua callarias Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Gyrodactylus gobiensis Gläser, 1974 (F) Records: Vismanis 1986, 1987; Vismanis, Location: gills Volkova & Eglite 1986; Vismanis, Eglite & Host: Gobio gobio gobio Volkova 1986 ; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dist.: Ogre River (Gulf of Riga) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004

Gyrodactylus cernuae (F,B) Gyrodactylus gobii Shulman, 1954 (F) Malmberg, 1957 Location: fins, gills Location: gills Host: Gobio gobio gobio Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus Dist.: Lake Rāznas Dist.: Lake Juglas Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 2004

Gyrodactylus elegans Nordmann, 1832 (F) Gyrodactylus katharineri (F) Location: gills, skin Malmberg, 1964 Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (2) Location: gills, skin Leucaspius delineatus (1) Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (1,2) Tinca tinca (1) C. carassius (1) Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Cyprinus carpio carpio Records: 1. Grapmane 1957; 2. Reinsone 1958 (1,2,3,4,5,6) Remarks: Reports of G. elegans prior to 1964 Dist.: Latvia (ponds) should be treated with caution. Malmberg Records: 1. Grapmane 1957; 2. Reinsone (1964) reported that the normal host is 1958; 3. Akhmerov 1961; 4. Vismanis & Abramis brama. Bauer (1985) noted that Peslak 1963; 5. Vismanis 1964; 6. Kirjusina records from fishes other than A. brama, A. & Vismanis 2004 sapa or Cyprinus carpio carpio mostly do not Remarks: This pathogenic species causes outbreaks involve either G. katharineri or G. elegans. of disease in fingerling and yearling carp in ponds during the winter-spring period. Apparently the main hosts for G. Gyrodactylus errabundus (B,M) katharineri are only Cyprinus carpio carpio and Malmberg, 1970 Carassius carassius. Other fishes probably are Location: skin accidentally or temporarily infected. Previously, Host: Zoarces viviparus this species was confused with G. elegans von Dist.: Gulf of Riga Nordman, 1832 (see Bauer 1985). Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984; Vismanis 1986 Gyrodactylus longoаcuminatus (F) Žitňan, 1964 Gyrodactylus flexibiliradix (B,M) Includes: Gyrodactylus longoаcuminatus Malmberg, 1970 f. typica

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Location: gills Gyrodactylus rarus Wegener, 1910 (F,B) Host: Carassius auratus auratus Location: fins, gills Dist.: Salaca River Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Gyrodactylus markakulensis (F) Gvosdev, 1950 Location: gills Gyrodactylus truttae Gläser, 1974 (F) Host: Gobio gobio gobio Location: fins Dist.: Lakes Rāznas Host: Oncorhynchus mykiss Record: Shulman 1949 Dist.: Latvia (tanks) Record: Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989

Gyrodactylus medius Kathariner, 1893 (F) Location: gills Gyrodactylus vimbi Shulman, 1954 (F) Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (2,6,7) Location: gills C. carassius (2,7) Host: Vimba vimba Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,3,5) Dist.: Daugava River C. carpio haematopterus (4) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Gasterosteus aculeatus (2) Vismanis 2004 Leucaspius delineatus (2) Tinca tinca (2,7) Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Gyrodactylus sp. (F) Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954; 2. Location: fins, gills Grapmane 1957; 3. Akhmerov 1961; 4. Hosts: Coregonus peled (2,3) Vismanis & Peslak 1963; 5. Vismanis 1964, Esox lucius (3) 6. 1972; 7. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Leucaspius delineatus (2,3) Remarks: According to Bauer (1985), this Pungitius pungitius (2,3) species is specific to Cyprinus carpio carpio. Rutilus rutilus (1,3) Records from other fish species may involve Vimba vimba (1,3) misidentifications or temporary infections. Dist.: Lake Slokas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Gyrodactylus perlucidus (B,M) Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Grapmane Bychowsky and Polyansky, 1953 1962 (ponds); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Location: gills (Lake Slokas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Host: Zoarces viviparus Daugava River, ponds) Dist.: Gulf of Riga Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984; Vismanis 1986, 1987; Kirjusina & Vismanis ORDER DACTYLOGYRIDEA 2004 SUBORDER DACTYLOGYRINEA

Gyrodactylus pharyngicus (M) FAMILY DACTYLOGYRIDAE Malmberg, 1964 Location: gills Host: Gadus morhua callarias Ancyrocephalus cruciatus (F) Dist.: Gulf of Riga (Wedl, 1857) Lühe, 1909 Records: Vismanis, Eglīte & Volkova 1986; Location: gills Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Host: Misgurnus fossilis Dist.: Lake Višķu Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Gyrodactylus prostae Ergens, 1963 (F) Location: gills Host: Leuciscus idus Ancyrocephalus paradoxus (F) Dist.: Salaca River Creplin, 1839 Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Location: gills Host: Sander lucioperca

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Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Usmas; Daugava, River; Ogre Rivers Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Gulf of Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Riga); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, River); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Usmas; Daugava, River; Gulf of Riga) Cirma, Durbes, Sīvers), 1959 (Lake Sīvers); Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Ancyrocephalus percae Ergens, 1966 (F) Durbes, Juglas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Includes: Ancyrocephalus paradoxus Usmas, Vilgāles; Kegums Water Reservoir; auctorum Daugava, Ogre Rivers) Location: gills Host: Perca fluviatilis Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, anchoratus (F) Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava (Dujardin, 1845) Wagener, 1857 River Location: gills Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (5,12) Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); C. carassius (1,2,3,4,5,7,11,12) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Sīvers), Cyprinus carpio carpio 1959 (Lake Sīvers); Vismanis 1961 (Lake (2,5,6,8,9,10,12) Burtnieku); Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake C. carpio haematopterus (9) Sildu); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Dist.: Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Burtnieku, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava, Lielupe Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River) Rivers Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Daugava River); 2. Akhmerov & Grapmane Dactylogyrus achmerowi Gusev, 1955 (F) 1954 (ponds); 3. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Location: gills Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 4. 1955b (Lakes Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (2,4,5,6) Sīvers), 5. 1958 (ponds), 6. 1959 (Lakes C. carpio haematopterus (1,3,4) Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 7. Grapmane Dist.: Latvia (ponds) 1957 (ponds); 8. Akhmerov 1961 (ponds); 9. Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954; 2. Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 10. Grapmane 1957; 3. Akhmerov 1961; 4. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 11. Vismanis et al. Vismanis & Peslak 1963; 5. Vismanis 1964; 1989 (Lake Sildu); 12. Kirjusina & Vismanis 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Remarks: This species is thought to have been Sildu, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava, Lielupe carried to European carp farms with Cyprinus Rivers, ponds) carpio haematopterus and distributed to Remarks: This species is pathogenic to natural waters (see Bauer 1985). yearling common carp and can cause mortality (see Bauer 1985).

Dactylogyrus alatus (F) von Linstow, 1878 Dactylogyrus auriculatus (F) Includes: D. actylogyrus alatus f. typica (Nordmann, 1832) Diesing, 1850 Location: gills Location: gills Host: Alburnus alburnus Host: Abramis brama Dist.: Lakes Rušons, Slokas; Salaca River Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Duņas, Slokas, Usmas, Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons); Vīragnas; Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Rivers; Vismanis & Popov 1990 ( Salaca River); Gulf of Riga Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Rušons, Records: Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Slokas; Salaca River) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Duņas, Slokas, Usmas, Vīragnas; Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Dactylogyrus amphibothrium (F) Wagener, 1857 Location: gills Dactylogyrus baueri Gusev, 1955 (F) Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Host: Carassius carassius Juglas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Usmas, Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Slokas, Sunīšu, Vīragnas Vilgāles; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Records: Vismanis & Popov 1993 (Lake

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Vīragnas); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Juglas, Slokas, Sunīšu, Vīragnas) Daugava River); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Sildu, Rāznas; Daugava River)

Dactylogyrus caballeroi Prost, 1960 (F) Location: gills Dactylogyrus crucifer Wagener, 1857 (F) Host: Rutilus rutilus Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava Hosts: Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,5,6) River Scardinius erythrophthalmus Records: Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); (2,6) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Sildu, Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava River) Duņas, Durbes, Dzirnezers, Juglas, Lielauces, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Vilgāles, Vīragnas; Kegums Water Dactylogyrus cordus Nybelin, 1937 (F) Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe, Ogre, Salaca Location: gills Rivers Hosts: Leuciscus cephalus (1,2) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, L. leuciscus (2) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Dist.: Lake Burtnieku, Ogre River River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Records: 1. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Lielauces, Sīvers), 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake 3. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 4. Burtnieku, Ogre River) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 5. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Dactylogyrus cornoides (F) Cirma, Duņas, Durbes, Dzirnezers, Juglas, Gläser and Gusev, 1967 Lielauces, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Location: gills Slokas, Usmas, Vilgāles, Vīragnas; Kegums Host: Vimba vimba Water Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe, Ogre, Dist.: Gauja, Salaca Rivers Salaca Rivers) Records: Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Gauja Remarks: This species is a parasite of the River); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Gauja, roach (Rutilus rutilus). Reports from other Salaca Rivers) other fish species may involve temporary infections or misidentifications (see Bauer 1985). Dactylogyrus cornu von Linstow, 1878 (F) Location: gills Hosts: Abramis brama (4) Dactylogyrus cryptomeres (F) Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4) Bychowsky, 1934 Vimba vimba (1,3,4) Includes: D. cryptomeres f. typica Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Dzirnezers, Rāznas, Location: gills Rušons, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Host: Gobio gobio gobio Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Dist.: Ogre River Riga Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Dactylogyrus difformis Wagener, 1857 (F) Burtnieku); 3. Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta Location: gills 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 4. Kirjusina & Hosts: Blicca bjoerkna (2,4) Vismanis. 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Scardinius erythrophthalmus Dzirnezers, Rāznas, Rušons, Usmas; Kegums (1,2,3,4,5) Water Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava River Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Dactylogyrus crassus Kulwiec, 1927 (F) Rušons; Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955a Location: gills (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1959 Hosts: Carassius carassius (1,2) (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 4. Rutilus rutilus (2) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 5. Kirjusina Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Rāznas; Daugava River & Vismanis. 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas,

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Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; (ponds); 9. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Daugava River) 10. Kirjusina & Vismanis. 2004 (Lake Sildu, Remarks: This species is a parasite of ponds) Scardinius erythrophthalmus. Reports from Remarks: This species undergoes intensive other other fish species may involve reproduction at water temperatures of 10 – temporary infections or misidentifications 15 oC (occasionally at 5–10 oC). Thus, cases (see Bauer 1985). of disease are seen in carp at the end of winter. It is more pathogenic to carp of age 1 and 1+. Dactylogyrus difformoides (F) Gläser and Gusev, 1967 Location: gills Dactylogyrus falcatus (Wedl, 1857) (F) Hosts: Rutilus rutilus (1) Diesing, 1858 Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,2) Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Kaņieris, Slokas, Usmas Host: Abramis brama Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1993 (Lake Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Rušons, Usmas, Kaņieris); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis. 2004 Vīragnas; Kegums Water Reservoir; (Lakes Kaņieris, Slokas, Usmas) Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Rivers Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); Dactylogyrus distinguendus (F) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Kirjusina & Nybelin,1937 Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Rušons, Location: gills Usmas, Vīragnas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2) Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Rivers) Blicca bjoerkna (2) Vimba vimba (1,2) Dist.: Lakes Dzirnezers, Pelēča, Slokas; Dactylogyrus fallax Wagener, 1857 (F) Daugava, Gauja Rivers Location: gills Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1990 Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (3) (Daugava, Gauja Rivers); 2. Kirjusina & Blicca bjoerkna (1,3) Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Dzirnezers, Pelēča, Leuciscus cephalus (3) Slokas; Daugava, Gauja Rivers) L. idus (3) Rutilus rutilus (2,3) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (3) Dactylogyrus dulkeiti (F) Vimba vimba (3) Bychowsky, 1936 Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Sildu, Slokas, Usmas; Location: gills Daugava, Lielupe, Salaca Rivers Host: Carassius carassius Records: 1. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Dist.: Lakes Laidzes, Slokas, Sunīšu 2. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 3. Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001 (Lakes Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Laidzes, Sunīšu), 2004 (Lakes Laidzes, Sildu, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Lielupe, Slokas, Sunīšu) Salaca Rivers)

Dactylogyrus extensus (F) Dactylogyrus folkmanovae (F) Mueller and Van Cleave, 1932 Ergens, 1956 Syn.: Dactylogyrus solidus Location: gills Akhmerov, 1948 Host: Leuciscus cephalus Location: gills Dist.: Ogre River Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) Remarks: This species has been considered a C. carpio haematopterus (1,4,5) synonym of D. nanus Dogiel and Bychowsky, Dist.: Lake Sildu 1934 (see Gibson, Timofeeva & Gerasev Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 1996). (ponds); 2. Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 3. Reinsone 1958 (ponds); 4. Akhmerov 1961 (ponds); 5. Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); Dactylogyrus formosus Kulwiec, 1927 (F) 6. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 7. 1972 (ponds); 8. Location: gills Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 Host: Carassius carassius

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Dist.: Lakes Rāznas, Sunīšu, Vīragnas, Višķu; Host: Carassius carassius Daugava River Dist.: Lakes Duņas, Rāznas, Slokas, Vīragnas, Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Višķu; Daugava River Daugava River); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, (Lakes Rāznas, Sunīšu, Vīragnas, Višķu; Daugava River); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Daugava River) (Lakes Duņas, Rāznas, Slokas, Vīragnas, Višķu; Daugava River)

Dactylogyrus fraternus Wegener, 1910 (F) Location: gills Dactylogyrus izjumovae Gusev, 1966 (F) Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (1,2,4) Location: gills Leucaspius delineatus (3) Hosts: Rutilus rutilus (1) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Dzirnezers, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,2) Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Dist.: Lakes Kaņieris, Slokas Daugava, Lielupe, Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1993 (Lake Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Kaņieris); 2. Kirjusina 2004 (Lake Slokas) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku); 3. Vismanis Dactylogyrus mаcrаcanthus (F) 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 4. Kirjusina & Wegener, 1910 Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Location: gills Dzirnezers, Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Host: Tinca tinca Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe, Ogre Rivers; Dist.: Lakes Lielauces, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers; Gulf of Riga) Daugava River Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Daugava River); Akhmerov & Grapmane Dactylogyrus gobii Gvozdev, 1950 (F) 1954 (ponds); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Location: gills Lielauces, Sīvers), 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 1959 Host: Gobio gobio gobio (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); Grapmane 1957 Dist.: Ogre River (ponds); Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers; Daugava River, ponds)

Dactylogyrus hemiamphibothrium (F) Ergens, 1956 Dactylogyrus micrаcanthus (F) Location: gills Nybelin, 1937 Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Usmas; Daugava, Ogre Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (2) Rivers Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Records: Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Lake Dist.: Lakes Duņas, Slokas; Daugava River Juglas, Daugava River); Kirjusina & Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Lake Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Usmas; Duņas, Daugava River); 2. Kirjusina & Daugava, Ogre Rivers) Vismanis. 2004 (Lakes Duņas, Slokas; Daugava River)

Dactylogyrus inexpectatus (F) Izyumova in Gusev, 1955 Dactylogyrus minor Wаgener, 1857 (F) Location: gills Location: gills Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus (1) Host: Alburnus alburnus C. carassius (1,2) Dist.: Lakes Rāznas, Rušons, Slokas; Kegums Dist.: Lakes Duņas, Sildu; Salaca River Water Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe, Ogre Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Lakes Rivers; Gulf of Riga Duņas, Sildu); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, (Lakes Duņas, Sildu; Salaca River) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons, Slokas; Dactylogyrus intermedius (F) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe, Wegener, 1910 Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Location: gills

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Dactylogyrus minutus Kulwiec, 1927 (F) Host: Rutilus rutilus Location: gills Dist.: Lakes Okras, Sildu, Slokas, Usmas Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Records: Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Okras, Records: Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954; Sildu, Slokas, Usmas) Grapmane 1957; Akhmerov 1961; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dactylogyrus similis Wеgener, 1910 (F) Location: gills Dactylogyrus nanoides Gusev, 1966 (F) Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (1,6) Location: gills Blicca bjoerkna (1,6) Host: Leuciscus cephalus Leucaspius delineatus (4) Dist.: Ogre River Leuciscus idus (4,6) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001; 2004 Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,5,6) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (2,6) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Dzirnezers, Dactylogyrus nanus (F) Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Ogre, Daugava Dogiel and Bychowsky, 1934 Rivers Location: gills Records: 1. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Hosts: Gymnocephalus cernuus (2) Cirma, Sīvers), 2. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 3. Rutilus rutilus (1,3,4) 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 4. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Dist.: Lakes Dzirnezers, Juglas, Rāznas, Burtnieku); 5. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Rušons, Sildu, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava Sildu); 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes River Burtnieku, Cirma, Dzirnezers, Sildu, Sīvers, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Slokas, Usmas; Ogre, Daugava Rivers) Rušons; Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955b (Lake Sīvers); 3. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Dactylogyrus sphyrna (F) Dzirnezers, Juglas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, von Linstow, 1878 Slokas, Usmas; Daugava River ) Location: gills Hosts: Abramis brama (2,3,6) Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,3,6) Dactylogyrus parvus Wegener, 1910 (F) Rutilus rutilus (2,3,5,6) Location: gills Vimba vimba (1,4,6) Host: Alburnus alburnus Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Durbes, Dzirnezers, Dist.: Lakes Dzirnezers, Rāznas, Rušons, Juglas, Lielauces, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Slokas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Vilgāles; Kegums Lielupe, Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga Water Reservoir; Daugava, Gauja, Ogre, Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, River; Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina & Vismanis Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava 2004 (Lakes Dzirnezers, Rāznas, Rušons, River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Slokas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, (Lakes Alūksnes, Durbes, Lielauces, Sīvers), Lielupe, Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga) 3. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 4. Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 5. Vismanis et al. (Lake Sildu); 6. Dactylogyrus ramulosus (F) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Malevitskaya, 1941 Durbes, Dzirnezers, Juglas, Lielauces, Location: gills Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Hosts: Leuciscus idus (3) Usmas, Vilgāles; Kegums Water Reservoir; Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3) Daugava, Gauja, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Dist.: Lake Sīvers, Salaca River Riga) Records: 1. Reinsone 1955a (Lake Sīvers), 2. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Sīvers, Salaca River) Dactylogyrus suecicus Nybelin, 1937 (F) Location: gills Host: Rutilus rutilus Dactylogyrus rutili Gläser, 1965 (F) Dist.: Lake Sildu Location: gills

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Records: Vismanis et al. 1989; Kirjusina & Records: Vismanis & Popov 1993 (Salaca River); Vismanis 2004 Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Ogre, Salaca Rivers)

Dactylogyrus tincae Gusev, 1965 (F) Dactylogyrus wegeneri Kulwiec, 1927 (F) Location: gills Location: gills Host: Tinca tinca Host: Carassius carassius Dist.: Lakes Sildu, Slokas, Usmas, Zvejnieku Dist.: Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Records: Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lakes Sildu, Sildu; Daugava River Zvejnieku); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, (Lakes Sildu, Slokas, Usmas, Zvejnieku) Daugava River); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas), 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas); Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Dactylogyrus tuba von Linstow, 1878 (F) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Location: gills Liepājas, Rāznas, Sildu; Daugava River) Hosts: Aspius aspius (1) Leuciscus idus (1,2) L. leuciscus (2) Dactylogyrus wunderi (F) Dist.: Lake Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Bychowsky, 1931 Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers Location: gills Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,4,5) Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Blicca bjoerkna (2,3,5) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Rušons; Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Duņas, Liepājas, Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre, Rušons, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Salaca Rivers) Reservoir; Daugava, Salaca Rivers; Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924 (F) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Location: gills Liepājas), 3. 1959 (Lake Liepājas); 4. Hosts: Carassius carassius (1,2,3,5,6,11) Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 5. Kirjusina Cyprinus carpio carpio & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, (2,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12) Duņas, Liepājas, Rušons, Slokas, Usmas; C. carpio haematopterus (2,7,8) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Salaca Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sīvers, Rivers; Baltic Sea) Slokas; Daugava River Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Daugava River); 2. Akhmerov & Grapmane Dactylogyrus yinwenyingae (F) 1954 (ponds); 3. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Gusev in Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya Cirma, Lielauces, Sīvers), 4. 1958 (ponds), 5. et al. 1962 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 6. Grapmane Location: nasal cavity 1957 (ponds); 7. Akhmerov 1961 (ponds); 8. Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2) Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 9. Leuciscus cephalus (1) Vismanis 1964 (ponds), 10. 1972 (ponds); 11. L .idus (1) Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 Rutilus rutilus (1,2) (ponds); 12. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dist.: Lake Vīragnas; Buļļ upe, Ogre, Rivers (Lakes Cirma, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sīvers, Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1993 (Salaca Slokas; Daugava River, ponds) River); 2. . Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Remarks: This species is dangerous for carp Vīragnas; Buļļupe, Ogre, Rivers) fry, especially when water temperatures range from 20–25 oC. During spring and summer it caused mass mortalities in ponds (Vismanis Dactylogyrus zandti Bychowsky, 1933 (F) 1972). Akhmerov (1961) noted D. vastator Location: gills on carp of all ages. Host: Abramis brama Dist.: Lakes Duņas, Usmas; Buļļupe, Daugava Rivers; Gulf of Riga Dactylogyrus vistulae Prost, 1957 (F) Records: Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Lakes Location: gills Duņas, Usmas; Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina & Host: Leuciscus cephalus Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Duņas, Usmas; Dist.: Ogre, Salaca Rivers Buļļupe, Daugava Rivers; Gulf of Riga)

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Dactylogyrus sp. (F) (Wagener, 1857) Diesing, 1858 Location: gills Location: gills Hosts: Abramis brama (2) Host: Esox lucius Leuciscus idus (2) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Perca fluviatilis (1) Lielauces, Liepā jas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sildu, Dist.: Lakes Duņas, Sīvers, Usmas Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Records: 1. Reinsone 1955b (Lake Sīvers); 2. Reservoir; Daugava River Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Duņas, Usmas) Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River); Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (F,B,M?) Durbes, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 1955b Ogawa and Egusa, 1976 (Lake Sīvers), 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Location: gills Sīvers); Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); Host: Anguilla anguilla Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Kirjusina & Dist.: Lake Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga Vismanis. 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums & Vismanis 2001 (Lake Usmas, Venta River) Water Reservoir; Daugava River) 2004 (Lake Usmas, Venta River)

Tetraonchus sp. (F) Pseudodactylogyrus bini (F,B,M?) Location: gills (Kikuchi, 1929) Gusev, 1965 Host: Anguilla anguilla Location: gills Dist.: Lake Liepājas Host: Anguilla anguilla Records: Reinsone 1955a, 1959 Dist.: Lake Usmas; Venta River, Gulf of Riga Remarks: These reports are likely to involve Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake misidentifications. Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga), 2001 (Lake Usmas, Venta River), 2004 (Lake Usmas, Venta River) SUBCLASS HETERONCHOINEA

INFRASUBCLASS OLIGONCHOINEA Thaparocleidus siluri (Zandt, 1924) (F) Lim, 1996 ORDER MAZOCRAEIDEA Syn.: Anсylodiscoides siluri Zandt, 1924 SUBORDER DISCOCOTYLINEA Location: gills Host: Silurus glanis FAMILY DIPLOZOIDAE Dist.: Daugava River Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Diplozoon paradoxum (F) Remarks: The synonomy follows Lim (1996). von Nordmann, 1832 Location: gills Hosts: Abramis brama (3,6,10,11) SUBORDER TETRAONCHINEA Alburnus alburnus (2,11) Anguilla anguilla (5,11) FAMILY TETRAONCHIDAE Aspius aspius (2) Blicca bjoerkna (2,3,5,6,11) Carassius carassius (3,4,5,11) Tetraonchus borealis (Olsson, 1893) (F) Cyprinus carpio carpio (8,11) Monticelli, 1905 C. carpio haematopteus (7) Includes: T. borealis f. typica Esox lucius (5,11) Location: gills Gobio gobio gobio (2,11) Host: Thymallus thymallus Leucaspius delineatus (6) Dist.: Gauja River Pelecus cultratus (2,11) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Rutilus rutilus (2,3,4,5,6,11) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (2,3,5,11) Tetraonchus monenteron (F) Tinca tinca (11)

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Vimba vimba (2,5,9,11) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1) fish (1) Vimba vimba (2) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, Juglas, Dist.: Daugava, Salaca Rivers Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1989 (Salaca Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, River); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga (Daugava, Salaca Rivers) Records: 1. Trauberga 1936 (-); 2. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 3. Paradiplozoon bliccae (F) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, (Reichenbach-Klinke, 1961) Liepājas, Sīvers), 4. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 5. Location: gills 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 6. Vismanis 1961 Hosts: Abramis brama (2) (Lake Burtnieku); 7. Akhmerov 1961 (ponds); 8. Blicca bjoerkna (2) Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 9. Vismanis, Vimba vimba (1,2) Spirina & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 10. Dist.: Daugava, Gauja Rivers Vismanis & Popov 1989 (Daugava, Salaca Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1989 (Gauja Rivers; Gulf of Riga); 11. Kirjusina & Vismanis River); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Durbes, Juglas, Liepājas, (Daugava, Gauja Rivers) Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga, ponds) Paradiplozoon homoion gracile (F) Remarks: Reports of Diplozoon paradoxum (Reichenbach-Klinke, 1961) made prior to 1985 should be treated with Khotenovsky, 1985 caution. Location: gills Host: Gobio gobio gobio Dist.: Ogre River Diplozoon sp. (F) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 Location: gills Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (1) Oncorhynchus mykiss (2) Paradiplozoon homoion homoion (F) Dist.: Lake Dzirnezers (Bychowsky and Nagibina, 1959) Records: 1. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 2. Khotenovksy, 1985 Vismanis, Kuznetsova & Rakitsky 1983 Location: gills (Lake Dzirnezers) Hosts: Abramis brama (2) Remarks: The occurrence of Diploozoon on Blicca bjoerkna (1,2) rainbow trout requires verification. Gymnocephalus cernuus (2) Leuciscus leuciscus (2) Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) (F) Vimba vimba (2) Khotenovsky, 1985 Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Kišezers, Sildu, Location: gills Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers Hosts: Carassius carassius (1,2,3) Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1989 (Lakes Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,3) Burtnieku, Kišezers, Sildu; Daugava, Salaca Dist.: Lake Sildu Rivers)5; 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Records: 1. Vismanis & Popov 1989 (natural Kišezers, Daugava River) waterbodies, ponds); 2. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (ponds) Paradiplozoon zeller (Gyntovt, 1967) (F) Remarks: This species is thought to be native to Khotenovsky, 1985 the Amur region and to have been spread to Location: gill many countries via the movement of common Hosts: Gobio gobio gobio (2) carp. Phoxinus phoxinus (1) Dist.: Lake Sildu, Ogre River Records: 1. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Paradiplozoon alburni (F) 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Sildu, Khotenovsky, 1982 Ogre River) Location: gills Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (2) 5Data on parasite distribution was not given by Leuciscus idus (2) individual host species and waterbody.

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CLASS CESTODA Location: intestine Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4,8) SUBCLASS CESTOIDEA Blicca bjoerkna (8) Carassius carassius (1,5,8) SUPERORDER EUCESTODA Cyprinus carpio carpio (5,6) Rutilus rutilus (7,8) ORDER SPATHEBOTHRIIDEA Tinca tinca (5,8) Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Dārza, Juglas, Kāla, FAMILY ACROBOTHRIIDAE Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga Cyathocephalus truncatus (Pallas, 1781) (F) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Kessler, 1868 Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone Location: intestine 1955a (Lakes Cirma, Kāla, Sīvers), 3. 1955b Hosts: Esox lucius (2) (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 5. Perca fluviatilis (2) Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1964 Salmo trutta morpha fario (1,2) (ponds); 7. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Lubāns; Līčupe River 8. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Cirma, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Liečupe River); 2. Dārza, Juglas, Kāla, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Daugava, Ogre, Lubāns; Līčupe River) Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga, ponds) Remarks: Heavy infections of brown trout in ponds may cause mortality (see Bauer 1987). Caryophyllaeus sp. (F) Location: intestine ORDER CARYOPHYLLIDEA Host: Zoarces viviparus Dist.: Gulf of Riga FAMILY CARYOPHYLLAEIDAE Record: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Remarks: This finding of a caryophyllaeid cestode in a marine fish is likely the result of Archigetes brachyurus Mrázek, 1980 (F) accidental infection, perhaps via predation Syn.: Glaridacris brachyurus upon an infected cyprinid. (Mrázek, 1908) Location: intestine Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio FAMILY LYTOCESTIDAE Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: Vismanis 1964; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Caryophyllaeides fennica (F) (Schneider, 1902) Nybelin, 1922 Location: intestine Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps (F) Hosts: Blicca bjoerkna (1,2) Annenkova-Chlopina, 1919 Gasterosteus aculeatus (2) Location: intestine Leuciscus idus (1,2) Hosts: Abramis brama (5) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (2) Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2,3,4,5) Vimba vimba (1,2) C. carpio haematopterus (4) Dist.: Lakes Rušons, Slokas; Daugava River Dist.: Daugava River Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Records: 1. Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 2. Daugava River); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis Reinsone 1958 (ponds); 3. Akhmerov 1961 2004 (Lakes Rušons, Slokas; Daugava River) (ponds); 4. Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, ponds) Khawia dubius (Szidat, 1937) (F) Remarks: This cestode is pathogenic to young Syn.: Bothrioscolex dubius Szidat, 1937 carp; heavy infections may cause mortalities Location: intestine of yearling fish (see Bauer 1987). Hosts: Aspius aspius Gobio gobio gobio Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) (F) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Lühe, 1910 Vismanis 2004

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Khawia parva (Zmeev, 1936) (F) note that the typical site of infection in fish is Kulakovskaya, 1961 in the intestinal lumen. Location: intestine Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Dist.: Daugava River Paradilepis scolecina (Rudolphi, 1819) (F) Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2002, 2004 Hsü, 1935 metacestode Location: kidney, intestine, intestinal wall, liver Khawia rossittensis (Szidat, 1937) (F) Hosts: Abramis brama (2) Syn.: Bothrioscolex rossittensis C. carassius (2) Szidat, 1937 Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2) Location: intestine Esox lucius (2) Host: Carassius carassius Rutilus rutilus (2) Dist.: Lake Juglas, Daugava River Tinca tinca (2) Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); Dist.: Ogre River Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Juglas, Records: 1. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2002 (Ogre Daugava River) River), 2. 2004 (ponds of Ogre River basin) Remarks: Adults are frequent and widely distributed parasites of cormorants in Europe, Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935 (F) Asia, Africa and Australia (see Scholz et al. Location: intestine 2004). (Eudiaptomus graciloides) Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio have been shown experimentally to serve as Dist.: Latvia (ponds) first intermediate hosts, while a wide range of Records: Vismanis 1964,1972; Kirjusina & fishes (primarily cyprinids) act as second Vismanis 2004 intermediate hosts, infections occurring in the Remarks: This cestode may cause mortality of mesenteries and liver. young fish in ponds. According to Bauer (1987), Khawia sinensis was introduced to Europe with the translocation of carp from the Valipora campylancristrota (F) Amur River. (Wedl, 1855) Bauer and Bona, 1960 metacestode Includes: Cysticercus Dilepis ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEA unilateralis auctorum Location: bile ducts, gall bladder, FAMILY GRYPORHYNCHIDAE6 intestine [?] Hosts: Carassius carassius (2) Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2) Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus (F) Tinca tinca (2) (Wedl, 1955) Baer and Bona, 1960 Dist.: Lakes Dārza, Slokas, Usmas metacestode Records: 1. Vismanis 1964 (ponds); 2. Location: intestinal wall [?] Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Dārza, Hosts: Carassius carassius Slokas, Usmas, ponds) Cyprinus carpio carpio Remarks: According to Scholz et al. (2004), Esox lucius definitive hosts for this cestode are herons Tinca tinca (e.g. Ardea cinerea), while copepods serve as Dist.: Lake Engures; Daugava, Salaca Rivers first intermediate hosts. A large number of Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis. 2004 (Lake fishes (primarily cyprinids) have been Engures; Daugava, Salaca Rivers, ponds) reported as second intermediate hosts, with Remarks: Adults of this species are intestinal the tench (Tinca tinca) being most commonly parasites of piscivorous birds (herons – e.g. infected. These authors note that the gall Ardea, Botaurus, Nycticorax), while bladder is the typical site of infection in fish, copepods (Mesocyclops oithonoides) have and that reports from the intestine are been experimentally shown to serve as first doubtful. intermediate hosts (see Scholz et al. 2004). This species is of pathogenic importance, Many species of fish act as second heavy infections causing valiporosis, a intermediate hosts, with infections being most condition characterized by retardation of the frequent in cyprinids. Scholz et al. (2004) host’s growth and weight (see Scholz et al. 2004). 6 Larval cestodes from fish belonging to this family were recently reviewed by Scholz et al. (2004).

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ORDER TETRAPHYLLIDEA Bothriocephalus scorpii (M) (O.F. Müller, 1776) Rudolphi, 1808 Location: intestine Tetraphyllidea of Uncertain Hosts: Belone acus (1) Taxonomic Position Gadus morhua callarias (2,3,6) Platichthys flesus trachurus Scolex pleuronectis O.F. Müller, 1788 (M) (1,4,5,6) plerocercoid Psetta maxima (1,6) Location: intestine Sprattus sprattus balticus (1,6) Hosts: Cottus poecilopus (1) Taurulus bubalis (1,6) Platichthys flesus trachurus Zoarces viviparus (1,6) (1,2,3,4) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Records: 1. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite (Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 3 Vismanis, Eglite & 1994 (Baltic Sea), 3. 1995 (Baltic Sea), 4. Volkova. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 4. Vismanis & Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Gulf of Riga) Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 5. 1995 (Baltic Sea); 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA

FAMILY BOTHRIOCEPHALIDAE Bothriocephalus sp. (M) Location: intestine Hosts: Platichthys flesus trachurus (2) Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (F) Zoarces viviparus Yamaguti, 1934 Dist.: Gulf of Riga Syn.: Clestobothrium opsariichthydis Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984; 2. (Yamaguti, 1934) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955 Location: intestine FAMILY DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: Vismanis & Jurkane 1967; Vismanis dendriticum (F) 1972; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Nitzsch, 1824) Lühe, 1910 plerocercoid Remarks: Adults are common in more that 25 Includes: Diphyllobothrium larva C species of cyprinids and some predatious auctorum fishes. This tapeworm was introduced into Location: encapsulated on wall of Europe with the introduction of common carp esophagus, stomach, pyloric from the Amur region and is now distributed caeca in natural waters (see Bauer 1987). It is Host: Salmo salar pathogenic to young carp, sometimes causing Dist.: Buļļupe, Daugava, Gauja, Lielupe, mortalities. Vecdaugava Rivers; Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Buļļupe, Bothriocephalus claviceps (F) Daugava, Gauja, Lielupe, Vecdaugava (Goeze, 1782) Rudolphi, 1810 Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Location: intestine Remarks: Definitive hosts are fish-eating Host: Anguilla anguilla birds; rarely mammals and man (proved Dist.: Lakes Rāznas, Rušons, Usmas; Kegums experimentally). Optimal development Water Reservoir; Venta River; Gulf of Riga occurs only in gulls (see Serdyukov 1979). Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina and Vismanis 2000 (Lake Diphyllobothrium ditremum (F) Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga), 2004 (Creplin, 1825) Lühe, 1910 plerocercoid (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons, Usmas; Kegums Includes: Diphyllobothrium larva B Water Reservoir; Venta River; Gulf of Riga) auctorum Location: encapsulated on wall of intestine and stomach

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Hosts: Coregonus albula (1,2,3,4) Perca fluviatilis (3,4,8) C. lavaretus (1,2,4) Rutilus rutilus (3,4,7,8) Osmerus eperlanus (1,4) fish (1) O. eperlanus spirinchus (2,3,4) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirmas, Durbes, Salmo salar (1,4) Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Slokas, Usmas; Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Rāznas, Sīvers; Daugava Daugava, Salaca Rivers River; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Trauberga 1936 (-) 2. Shulman Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, 1949 (Daugava River); 3. Reinsone 1955a Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirmas, Durbes, Lielauces, 1955a (Lakes Cirma, Sīvers), 3. 1959 (Lake Liepājas), 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Liepājas); 5. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 6. 1961 Cirma, Rāznas, Sīvers; Daugava River; Gulf (ponds); 7. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); of Riga) 8. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirmas, Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Salaca Diphyllobothrium latum (F) Rivers) (Linnaeus, 1758) Lühe, 1910 plerocercoid Remarks: Plerocercoids of L. intestinalis cause Includes: Diphyllobothrium larva A epizootics among some cyprinids, especially auctorum in lakes and ponds (see Bauer 1987). Reports Location: body cavity from the intestine of northern pike are Hosts: Esox lucius (2,4) probably temporary infections due to Lota lota (2,4) predation on cyprinid fishes. Perca fluviatilis (3,4) fish (1) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Juglas; Daugava River Sсhistocephalus solidus (F) Records: 1. Тrauberga 1936 (-); 2. Shulman (O.F. Müller, 1776) Steenstrup, 1857 1949 (Daugava River); 3. Reinsone 1955a plerocercoid (Lake Burtnieku); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis Syn.: Schistocephalus dimorphus 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Juglas; Daugava Creplin, 1929 River) S. gasterostei (Fabricius, 1780) Remarks: Definitive hosts are man and other Location: body cavity piscivorous mammals. Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949 (Gulf of Riga); Diphyllobothrium vogeli Kuhlow, 1953 (B) Grapmane 1957 (ponds); Kirjusina & plerocercoid Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Location: encapsulated in body cavity Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Dist.: Daugava River FAMILY TRIAENOPHORIDAE Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2002, 2004

Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) (B,M) Diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoid (F) Nybelin, 1922 Location: encapsulated on intestinal wall Location: pyloric caeca, intestine Hosts: Coregonus albula Hosts: Salmo salar (1,2) Osmerus eperlanus spirinchus S. trutta morpha fario (1,2) Dist.: Lake Sīvers Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Record: Reinsone 1955b Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (F) Gmelin, 1890 plerocercoid Location: body cavity, intestine [?] Eubothrium fragile (Rudolphi, 1802) (B) Hosts: Abramis brama (3,7,8) Nybelin, 1922 Blicca bjoerkna (3,7,8) Location: intestine Cyprinus carpio carpio (5,6,8) Host: Alosa fallax fallax Esox lucius (3,4,8) Dist.: Gulf of Riga Leucaspius delineatus (7) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Leuciscus cephalus (2,7,8) 2004

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Eubothrium sp. (F,B,M) ORDER PROTEOCEPHALIDEA Location: intestine Hosts: Clupea harengus membras (2,3,7) FAMILY PROTEOCEPHALIDAE Lampetra fluviatilis (1,2,3,7,8) Platichthys flesus trachurus (4,5,6,7) Proteocephalus cernuae (F) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea (Gmelin, 1790) La Rue, 1911 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); Location: intestine 2. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf Hosts: Gasterosteus aculeatus (3) of Riga); 3. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,2,3) 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 4. Vismanis & Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Kāla, Rušons; Kegums Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 5. 1995 Water Reservoir; Daugava River (Baltic Sea); 6. Tabolina 1994 (Gulf of Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Riga); 7. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (rivers Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. entering the Gulf of Riga); 8. Kirjusina 2005 Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Cirma, Kāla); 3. (Daugava River) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Cirma, Remarks: These reports involve immature Kāla, Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; stages. Daugava River) Remarks: Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) note that reports of this species from hosts other Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) (F) than percids are either incorrect or the result Rudolphi, 1819 adult and pleroceroid of accidental infection. Location: intestine, encapsulated in liver Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (2,8) Esox lucius (1, 2,3,4,5,8) Proteocephalus esocis (F) Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,8) (Schneider, 1905) La Rue, 1911 Gymnocephalus cernuus Location: intestine (1,2,3,5,8) Host: Esox lucius Lota lota (1,2,4, 8) Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Sīvers Osmerus eperlanus spirinchus Records: Reinsone 1955a (Lake Sīvers), 1959 (2,3,4,8) (Lake Sīvers); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Oncorhynchus mykiss (6,7) (Lakes Juglas, Sīvers) Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5,8) Remarks: Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, considered this taxon as a probable synonym Cirma, Durbes, Indra, Juglas, Kāla, of P. percae (O.F. Müller, 1780). Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, River; Gulf of Riga Proteocephalus filicollis (F) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, (Rudolphi, 1802) Weinland, 1858 Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Location: intestine River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b Records: Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Gulf (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, of Riga); Reinsone 1958 (ponds); Kirjusina Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Burtnieku); 6. Lullu, et al. 1989 (tanks); 7. Riga) Lullu Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 8. Remarks: Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) note Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes that this species is specific to the three- Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Cirma, spined stickleback. Durbes, Indra, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Proteocephalus longicollis (F) Daugava, River; Gulf of Riga) (Zeder, 1800) Nufer, 1905 Remarks: Adults are found in the intestine of Syn.: Proteocephalus exiguus the northern pike (Esox lucius), while La Rue, 1911 plerocercoids infect the liver of many prey P. neglectus La Rue, 1911 species. Plerocercoids are pathogenic to Location: intestine young fish, especially perch and trout in Hosts: Cobitis taenia (1,5) ponds. Coregonus albula (1,2,3,4,5)

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C. lavaretus (1,5) Proteocephalus torulosus (F) Osmerus eperlanus (1,5) (Batsch, 1786) Nufer, 1905 O. eperlanus spirinchus (2,3,4,5) Location: intestine Salmo trutta morpha fario (1,5) Hosts: Alburnus alburnus (1,2,5) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Rāznas, Sīvers; Leucaspius delineatus (3) Daugava, Līčupe Rivers; Gulf of Riga Leuciscus leuciscus (5) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Līčupe, Rutilus rutilus (1,5) Rāznas; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Vimba vimba (4) Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Sīvers), 3. Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Rāznas 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); Rušons; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Gulf of Riga Alūksnes, Rāznas, Sīvers; Daugava, Līčupe Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Rušons; Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku); 3. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 4. Vismanis, Spirina Proteocephalus macrocephalus (F) & Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 5. Kirjusina (Creplin, 1825) Nufer, 1905 & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Location: intestine Burtnieku, Rāznas Rušons; Daugava, Ogre, Host: Anguilla anguilla Salaca Rivers) Dist.: Lakes Liepājas, Usmas; Gulf of Riga Remarks: This species is restricted to cyprinid Records: Shulman 1949 (Gulf of Riga); fishes (see Scholz and Hanzelová 1998). Reinsone 1955a (Lake Liepājas), 1959 (Lake Liepājas); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Liepājas, Usmas; Gulf of Riga) Proteocephalus sp. (F) Location: intestine Hosts: Esox lucius (1,4) Proteocephalus osculatus (F) Lampetra fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5) (Goeze, 1782) Nybelin, 1942 Osmerus eperlanus (3) Location: intestine Dist.: Lakes Indra, Juglas, Rāznas, Daugava, Host: Silurus glanis Ogre Rivers; Gulf of Riga Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas River Daugava River); 2. Vismanis, Volkova & Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Eglite 1981 (Gulf of Riga) 3. 1984 (Gulf of Vismanis 2004 Riga); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Indra, Juglas, Rāznas, Daugava, Ogre Rivers) 5. Kirjusina 2005 (Daugava Proteocephalus percae (F) River) (O.F. Müller, 1780) Railliet, 1899 Location: intestine Hosts: Esox lucius (2,3,4,6) PHYLUM NEMATODA Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5,6) Zoarces viviparus (1,6) CLASS ADENOPHOREA Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava River ORDER ENOPLIDA Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes SUPERFAMILY DIOCTOPHYMATOIDEA Burtnieku, Kāla, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, FAMILY DIOCTOPHYMATIDAE Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Burtnieku, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Eustrongyloides excisus (F) Usmas; Daugava River) Jägerskiöld, 1909 larva Remarks: The perch, Perca fluviatilis, is the Location: body cavity principal definitive host of this cestode. Hosts: Esox lucius Scholz and Hanzelová (1998) note that Sander lucioperca records from predacious fishes such as Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Slokas northern pike are due to post-cyclic Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 infection resulting from consumption of Remarks: Adults are parasitic in piscivorous perch. birds (Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes and

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Anseriformes) in Europe, Southeast Asia, the Cyprinus carpio carpio (2) Middle East and Australia, while aquatic Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,2) oligochaetes serve as first intermediate hosts Vimba vimba (2) (see Anderson 2000). Dist.: Lake Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre Rivers Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Eustrongyloides sp. larva (F) Reservoir); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Location: intestinal wall, mesenteries (Lake Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (1,4) Daugava, Ogre Rivers, ponds) Gymnocephalus cernuus (2,4) Remarks: Heavy infections by this Perca fluviatilis (2,3,4) have been reported to cause liver pathology Silurus glanis (1,4) in species such as grass carp and ruff, Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Saukas; Kegums resulting in emaciation and sluggishness Water Reservoir; Daugava River (see Moravec 2001). Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Saukas); 3. SUBCLASS Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Burtnieku; Kegums ORDER ASCARIDIDA Water Reservoir; Daugava River) SUPERFAMILY ASCARIDOIDEA

SUPERFAMILY TRICHUROIDEA FAMILY ANISAKIDAE

FAMILY CAPILLARIIDAE simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) (M) Dujardin, 1845 larva Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) (F) Location: encapsulated or free in tomentosa (Dujardin, 1843) mesenteries, musculature Moravec, 1987 Hosts: Clupea harengus membras (4,5) Syn.: Capillaria tomentosa Gadus morhua callarias (1,2,3,5) Dujardin, 1843 Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Location: intestine Records: 1. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2) (Gulf of Riga), 2. 1986 (Gulf of Riga), 3 Leuciscus cephalus (1,2) 1987 (Gulf of Riga); 4. Tshervontsev, Fetter L. idus (1,2) & Vismanis 1994 (Baltic Sea); 5. Kirjusina Vimba vimba (1,2) & Vismanis 2004 (Baltic Sea) Dist.: Daugava River Remarks: This nematode causes anisakosis, an Records: 1. Shulman 1949; 2. Kirjusina & important disease of man in countries where Vismanis 2004 marine fish are consumed raw or Remarks: This nematode is widely distributed undercooked. in palearctic Eurasia and North America, but also occurs in the Oriental Region. The frequently heavy infections of P. tomentosa Contracaecum microcephalum (F) in pond-reared carp and other fishes of (Rudolphi, 1819) Baylis, 1920 larva economic importance in some regions Location: encapsulated in mesenteries suggest that this species may be a dangerous and serosa parasite for fish in intensive pond culture, Host: Abramis brama particularly in the breeding of carp fry (see Dist.: Lakes Asteres, Slokas Moravec 1994, 2001). Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2003, 2004 Remarks: Adults occur in piscivorous birds (Ciconiiformes, Anserinae), while copepods Schulmanela petruschewskii (F) serve as first intermediate hosts (see (Shulman, 1948) Ivashkin, 1964 Anderson 2000). Syn.: Hepaticola petruschewskii Shulman, 1948 Location: intestine, intestinal wall, liver, Contracaecum micropapillatum (F) mesenteries (Stossich, 1890) Baylis, 1920 larva Hosts: Cobitis taenia (1,2) Location: body cavity

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Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio digestive tract of marine and anadromous Dist.: Latvia (ponds) fishes, which may carry them into fresh Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 water. Larvae occur mostly encapsulated in Remarks: Adults occur in piscivorous birds the abdominal cavity and serosa of the (pelicans), while copepods serve as first internal organs of prey fishes. intermediate hosts (see Anderson 2000). Older records under such names as Contracaecum aduncum should be treated with caution, as both larvae and adults of Goezia sp. (F,B) other congeneric species were apparently Location: intestine included under this name. Host: Salmo salar Dist.: Daugava River Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779) (F,B) 2004 Railliet and Henry, 1915 adult and larva Location: gonads, intestine, liver, mesenteries Hysterothylacium aduncum (M) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,4,10) (Rudolphi, 1802) Deardorff and Alburnoides bipunctatus (10) Overstreet, 1981 adult and larva Alburnus alburnus (1,10) Syn.: Ascaris adunca Rudolphi, 1802 Anguilla anguilla (1,2,4,9,10) Contracaecum aduncum Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4,5,10) (Rudolphi, 1802) Carassius carassius (1,2,4,10) Thynnascaris adunca Coregonus lavaretus (1) (Rudolphi, 1802) Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,10) Location: intestine; encapsulated in liver, Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,10) mesenteries Gobio gobio gobio (1) Hosts: Alosa fallax fallax (1,12) Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,10) Anguilla anguilla (1,12) Leuciscus cephalus (1,10) Belone belone (1,12) L. idus (1,10) Clupea harengus membras (2,3,5,12) L. leuciscus (10) Cottus poecilopus (5) Lota lota (1,2,4,10) Gadus morhua callarias Perca fluviatilis (1,2,4,10) (1,3,4,5,6,12) Platichthys flesus trachurus Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,12) (6,7,8) Oncorhynchus mykiss (7,8) Psetta maxima (1,10) Osmerus eperlanus (1,5,12) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,5,10) Perca fluviatilis (1,12) Salmo salar (1,10) Platichthys flesus trachurus S. trutta (1,10) (1,3,5,6,9,10,11,12) Sander lucioperca (1,10) Psetta maxima (1,12) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Salmo salar (1,12) (1,2,3,4,10) S. trutta (1,12) Silurus glanis (1,10) Triglopsis quadricornis (1,12) Tinca tinca (110) Zoarces viviparus (1,3,5,6,12) Triglopsis quadricornis (1,10) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Vimba vimba (1,10) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Zoarces viviparus (1,6,10) Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Eglite & Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga), 3. 1982 (Gulf Cirma, Indra, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, of Riga), 4. 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 5. Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Riga); 6. Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); 7. Ogre, Salaca, Venta Rivers; Gulf of Riga; Lullu et al. 1989 (basins); 8. Lullu, Baltic Sea Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 9. Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava 10. 1995 (Baltic Sea); 11. Tabolina 1994 River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Gulf of Riga &/or Baltic Sea); 12. Kirjusina (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Kāla, & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. Riga, Baltic Sea) 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis Remarks: Adult are parasitic in the 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Vismanis,

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Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 7. FAMILY CUCULLANIDAE Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 8. 1995 (Baltic Sea); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake Usmas, Venta River, Cucullanus cirratus O.F. Müller, 1777 (M) Gulf of Riga), 10. 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Location: intestine Burtnieku, Černavu, Cirma, Indra, Juglas, Host: Gadus morhua callarias Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Rušons, Sīvers, Dist.: Gulf of Riga Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1986; Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1986 Gulf of Riga; Baltic Sea) Remarks: Definitive hosts of R. acus are predatory fishes (Esox lucius, Lota lota, Cucullanus heterochrous (M) Salmo trutta and others) that acquire Rudolphi, 1802 infections by ingesting other fishes Location: intestine harbouring the third-stage larvae. The latter Hosts: Leuciscus idus (1,5) act as intermediate or paratenic hosts (see Platichthys flesus trachurus Moravec 1994). (1,2,3,4) Silurus glanis (1,5) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Raphidascaris gracillima (F) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, (von Linstow, 1890) Skrjabin, 1923 larva Baltic Sea); 2. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite Location: liver 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 3. Vismanis & Hosts: Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,2) Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 4. 1995 Zoarces viviparus (1,2) (Baltic Sea); 5. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dist.: Daugava River (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Records: 1. Shulman 1949; 2. Kirjusina & Remarks: This nematode is a parasite of Vismanis 2004 various flatfishes of the families Pleuronectidae and Soleidae, some species of which occur mainly in river estuaries, FAMILY ASCARIDIDAE sometimes penetrating upstream into fresh waters (see Moravec 1994).

Pseudoterranova decipiens (M) (Krabbe, 1878) Gibson, 1983 larva Cucullanus truttae Fabricius, 1794 (F) Syn.: Porrocaecum decipiens Syn.: Dacnitis stelmioides (Krabbe, 1878) Vessichelli, 1910 Location: liver D. truttae (Fabricius, 1794) Hosts: Platichthys flesus trachurus (1,2) Location: abdominal cavity [?], intestine Taurulus bubalis (1,2) Hosts: Lampetra fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5) Triglopsis quadricornis (1,2) Salmo salar (1,4) Salmo salar (1,2) Salmo trutta fario (1,4) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Dist.: Daugava, Līčupe Rivers; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Shulman 1949; 2. Kirjusina & Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava, Līčupe Vismanis 2004 Rivers); 2. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga); 3. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 4. Kirjusina & Pseudoterranova sp. larva (M) Vismanis 2004 (rivers entering in Gulf of Includes: Porrocaecum sp. auctorum Riga); 5. Kirjusina 2005 (Daugava River) Location: body cavity Remarks: The principal hosts are various Hosts: Platichthys flesus trachurus (1,2) salmonids, but fully mature nematodes are Zoarces viviparus (1) also found in adult lamprey (Moravec 1994). Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Records: 1. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis & Kondratovičs Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) minutus (M) 1995 (Baltic Sea) (Rudolphi, 1819) Petter, 1974 Syn.: Cucullanellus minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) SUPERFAMILY SEURATOIDEA Location: intestine Hosts: Platichthys flesus trachurus

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(1,2,3,4,5,6) (1,2,3,4,5,8) Psetta maxima (1,6) Lota lota (1,2,3,4,8) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Sander lucioperca (5,8) Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea); 2. Vismanis, Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 3. Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), Riču, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, 4. 1995 (Baltic Sea); 5. Tabolina 1994 (Gulf Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, of Riga &/or Baltic Sea); 6. Kirjusina & Ogre, Salaca, Venta Rivers; Gulf of Riga Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Baltic Sea) Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, ORDER Kāla, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. SUPERFAMILY APROCTOIDEA Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 6. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 7. FAMILY DESMIDOCERCIDAE Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga), 8. 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Desmidocercella numidica (F) Juglas, Kāla, Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, (Seurat, 1920) York and Maplestone, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, 1926 larva Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Location: vitreous humor of eye Ogre, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Hosts: Perca fluviatilis (1) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,2) Dist.: Lakes Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas Camallanus (Camallanus) truncatus (F) Records: 1. Kirjushina & Vismanis 2003 (Rudolphi, 1814) Törnquist, 1931 (Lakes Sīvers, Slokas), 2. 2004 (Lakes Location: intestine Slokas, Usmas) Hosts: Esox lucius (2) Remarks: Adults occur in the air sacs of Perca fluviatilis (1,2) herons (Ardeidea) in Africa, North America Psetta maxima (1,2) and the former Soviet Union (see Anderson Sander lucioperca (1,2) 2000). Silurus glanis (1,2) Dist.: Lake Slokas, Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Desmidocercella sp. larva (F) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Location: vitreous humor of eye Gulf of Riga); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Lota lota (1,2) (Lake Slokas, Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Perca fluviatilis (1,2) Remarks: Although the principal hosts of Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Camallanus truncatus seem to be fishes of Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Sīvers, Slokas, Žuguru; the genus Stizostedion, it also occurs in Daugava River other percids and in many fish species of Records: 1. Reinsone 1955 (Lake Sīvers); 2. different families (see Moravec 1994). Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Slokas, Žuguru; Daugava River) SUPERFAMILY DRACUNCULOIDEA

SUPERFAMILY CAMALLANOIDEA FAMILY ANGUILLICOLIDAE

FAMILY CAMALLANIDAE Anguillicola crassus (F) Kuwahara, Niimi and Itagaki, 1974 Camallanus (Camallanus) lacustris (F) Location: swimbladder (Zoega, 1776) Railliet and Henry, 1915 Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (1,2,3,4,5) Location: intestine, pyloric caeca Gymnocephalus cernuus (2,3,5) Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (1,7,8) Perca fluviatilis (2,3,5) Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) Dist.: Lakes Puzes, Usmas; Venta River; Gulf Gymnocephalus cernuus of Riga

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Records: 1. Vismanis 1998 (Lake Usmas); 2. Location: body cavity, under serosa of Vismanis, Kirjusina & Rodziņš 1999 (Lake swimbladder Usmas); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 Hosts: Abramis brama (2,3) (Lake Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga), 4. Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,3) 2001 (Lake Usmas, Venta River), 5. 2004 Dist.: Lake Rušons; Daugava River (Lakes Puzes, Usmas; Venta River) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons); 2. Remarks: Principal definitive hosts are eels. Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Daugava River); Paratenic hosts of this parasite in Latvia are 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake mainly ruff and rarely, perch. Mass Rušons; Daugava River) mortality of eel in Lake Usmas was recorded Remarks: This philometrid is a common by Kirjusina and Vismanis (2000). parasite of the body cavity of many species of cyprinids in Europe and Asia. Various species of serve as intermediate FAMILY PHILOMETRIDAE hosts (see Anderson 2000). Gravid and subgravid females are found in the body cavity, while juveniles, males and Philometra abdominalis Nybelin, 1928 (F) unfertilized females occur under the serosa Location: body cavity, under serosa of of the posterior part of the swimbladder swimbladder wall Host: Rutilus rutilus Dist.: Lake Sildu, Lielupe River Philometra rischta Skrjabin, 1923 (F) Records: Vismanis & Popov 1990 (Lake Location: tissues on inner surface of gill Sildu); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake covers, under the skin of head Sildu, Lielupe River) Host: Rutilus rutilus Remarks: Gravid and subgravid females are Dist.: Lake Slokas found in the body cavity, while juveniles, Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001, 2004 males and unfertilized females locate under Remarks: The location pertains to gravid, the serosa of the posterior portion of the subgravid and young unfertilized females. swimbladder wall. The life cycle has been shown to involve various copepods as intermediate hosts (see Philometroides cyprini (Ishii, 1931) (F) Anderson 2000). Nakajima, 1970 Syn.: Philometra lusii Vismanis, 1962 Philometrа lusiana Philometra obturans (Prenant, 1886) (F,B) Vismanis, 1966 Skrjabin, Shikhobalova, Sobolev, Location: body cavity, serosa of Paramonov and Sudarikov, 1954 swimbladder, skin under Syn.: Filaria obturans Prenant, 1886 scales, scale beds Location: gill arteries, ventral aorta Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Host: Esox lucius Dist.: Lake Sildu Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Kāla, Rušons, Sīvers, Slokas Records: Vismanis 1962 (ponds), 1964 Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons); (ponds), 1967a (ponds), 1967b (ponds); Reinsone 1955a (Lake Sīvers), 1955b (Lake 1972 (ponds); Vismanis & Peslak 1963 Sīvers), 1959 (Lake Sīvers); Kirjusina & (ponds); Vismanis 1967 (ponds); Vismanis, Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Kāla, Rušons, Glagoleva & Kuznetsova 1981 (ponds); Sīvers, Sloka) Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); Kirjusina Remarks: Various copepods serve as & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Sildu, ponds) intermediate hosts, while perch and rudd Remarks: Philometroides cyprini is considered may act as paratenic hosts. (see Anderson to be an introduced species that is specific to 2000). Gravid, subgravid and young common carp (see Moravec et al. 2005). fertilized females locate in the gill arteries Gravid and subgravid females are and ventral aorta of the northern pike; spirally coiled in the skin under the scales unfertilized females and males are found in and in the beds of the scales; young the abdominal cavity and vitreous humor of fertilized females occur in the body cavity, the eye. while juveniles, males and unfertilized females are found mainly in the serosa of the swimbladder. Various species of Philometra ovata (Zeder, 1803) (F) copepod serve as intermediate hosts (see Skrjabin, 1923 Anderson 2000).

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Vasilkov et al. (1974) reported that 3. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 4. mortality of infected 2–3 week old carp fry Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku); 5. reached 40–50 percent or even more. In year Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes two and older carp, the parasite causes a Burtnieku, Lielauces, Sīvers; Kegums Water considerable decrease in commercial quality Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre Rivers) (see Moravec 1994). Remarks: This nematode parasitizes many species of cyprinids, largely members of the subfamily Leuciscinae (see Moravec 1994). Philometroides sanguinea (F) Predators such as Sander lucioperca acquire (Rudolphi, 1819) Rasheed, 1963 accidental infections mostly through feeding Location: caudal fin, swimbladder wall on the definitive hosts. Host: Carassius carassius Dist.: Lakes Černavu, Juglas, Sildu, Slokas, Žuguru Records: Kirjushina & Vismanis 2003 (Lakes SUPERFAMILY Černavu, Sildu), 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Slokas, Žuguru) FAMILY Remarks: Vismanis (1968) reported mass mortality of Carassius carassius caused by Philometroides sanguinea in Altay, USSR. Ascarophis longispicula Zhukov, 1960 (M) This nematode is apparently specific to Location: intestine fishes of the genus Carassius (see Moravec Host: Gadus morhua callarias 1994). Various copepods serve as Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea intermediate hosts. Records: Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1986 (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1986 (Baltic Sea); Kirjusina & Vismanis FAMILY SKRJABILLANIDAE 2004 (Gulf of Riga)

Skrjabillanus tincae (F) Ascarophis morrhuae (M) Shigin and Shigina, 1958 van Beneden, 1871 Location: surface of intestine Location: intestine Host: Tinca tinca Hosts: Gadus morhua callarias (1,2) Dist.: Lake Slokas Taurulus bubalis (1) Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Triglopsis quadricornis (1,2) Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman 1949; 2. Kirjusina & SUPERFAMILY THELAZIOIDEA Vismanis 2004

FAMILY RHABDOCHONIDAE Ascarophis skrjabini (Layman, 1933) (M) Polyansky, 1952 Rhabdochona denudata (F) Syn.: Cystidicola skrjabini (Dujardin, 1845) Ralliet, 1916 Layman, 1933 Syn.: Ichthyospirura filliformis Location: intestine (Zschokke, 1884) Hosts: Gadus morhua callarias (1,3) Location: intestine Zoarces viviparus (1,2,3) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4,5) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Alburnoides bipunctatus (5) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Gulf Alburnus alburnus (1,5) of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Leucaspius delineatus (4) (Gulf of Riga); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Leuciscus cephalus (1,5) (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,5) Sander lucioperca (5) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Lielauces, Sīvers; Ascarophis sp. (M) Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Ogre Location: intestine, stomach Rivers Hosts: Clupea harengus membras (1,2) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water Gadus morhua callarias (1,2,3,4) Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Reinsone Platichthys flesus trachurus 1955a (Lakes Burtnieku, Lielauces, Sīvers), (2,5,6)

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Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Unidentified Nematoda Records: 1. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga), 2. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 3. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Nematoda gen. sp. larva (F,B,M) Riga), 4. 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 5. Vismanis & Location: intestinal wall, liver, Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 6. 1995 mesenteries, eyes (Baltic Sea) Hosts: Abramis brama (1) Alburnus alburnus (1) Blicca bjoerkna (3) Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798 (F) Carassius carassius (3,5) Syn.: Cystidicola impar Cottus gobio (1) (Schneider, 1866) Cyprinius carpio carpio (2,4) Location: swimbladder Lampetra fluviatilis (1,8) Hosts: Clupea harengus membras (10) L. planeri (1) Coregonus lavaretus (1,10) Lota lota (3,5) Gadus morhua callarias Perca fluviatilis (3,5) (4,5,6,7,10) Platichthys flesus trachurus (6,7) Lampetra fluviatilis Rutilus rutilus (1,3,5) (2,3,5,7,10,11) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1) Oncorhynchus mykiss (8,9) Tinca tinca (3,5) Osmerus eperlanus (1,5,7,10) Zoarces viviparus (6,7) Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Dist.: Lakes Cirma, Lielauces, Liepājas, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); Sīvers; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava 2. Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf River; Gulf of Riga of Riga), 3. 1982 (Gulf of Riga), 4. 1986 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Kegums Water (Baltic Sea); 5. Vismanis, Volkova & Reservoir, Daugava River); 2. Vismanis Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga), 6. 1986 (Gulf 1964 (ponds); 3. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes of Riga); 7. Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); Cirma, Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 4. 1959 8. Lullu et al. 1989 (tanks); 9. Lullu, (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 10. Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 6. Vismanis, Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 7. River, Gulf of Riga); 11. Kirjushina 2005 Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); 8. Kirjusina (Daugava River) 2005 (Daugava River) Remarks: The common definitive hosts of C. farionis are fishes of the families Salmonidae and Osmeridae. Species such as PHYLUM ACANTHOCEPHALA Lampetra fluviatilis, Clupea harengus membras and Gadus morhua callarias CLASS PALEACANTHOCEPHALA apparently are only facultative hosts, aquiring accidental infections by ingesting ORDER ECHINORHYNCHIDA small salmonids or amphipod intermediate hosts (see Moravec 1994). Practically all FAMILY ECHINORHYNCHIDAE Osmerus eperlanus are infected (Kirjusina and Vismanis 2004). Acanthocephalus anguillae (F) (O.F. Müller, 1780) Lühe, 1911 Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (F) Location: intestine (von Linstow, 1872) Moravec, 1981 Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,6,7) Location: stomach Alburnus alburnus (1,7) Hosts: Thymallus thymallus (2,3) Anguilla anguilla (1,2,5,7) Zoarces viviparus (1) Aspius aspius (1,7) Dist.: Gauja River, Gulf of Riga Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,5,6,7) Records: 1. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Carassius carassius (1,2,3,5,7) (Gulf of Riga); 2. Kirjusina & Vismanis Cyprinus carpio carpio (4,7) 2001 (Gauja River); 3. Kirjusina & Esox lucius (1,7) Vismanis 2004 (Gauja River) Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,7) Remarks: Common definitive hosts are fishes Leuciscus idus (1,6,7) of the family Salmonidae; Zoarces Lota lota (1,2,3,5,7) viviparous is accidentally infected. Pelecus cultratus (1,7)

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Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,5,6,7) Perca fluviatilis Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,2,3,4,5,8,10) (2,5,7) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,4,10) Silurus glanis (1,7) Sander lucioperca (10) Tinca tinca (1,2,3,5,7) Silurus glanis (1,10) Vimba vimba (1,5,7) Tinca tinca (1,10) Dist.: Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Juglas, Vimba vimba (7,10) Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Water Reservoir, Gulf of Riga; Daugava Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Liepājas, River Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River, Daugava, Salaca, Venta Rivers; Gulf of Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Riga Burtnieku, Cirma, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava Liepājas, Sīvers); 5. Grapmane 1957 River; Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1961 (Lake (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Burtnieku); 7. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Juglas, Liepājas, Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas; Kegums Water Sīvers); 5. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku), Reservoir, Gulf of Riga; Daugava River, 6. 1964 (ponds); 7. Vismanis, Spirina & ponds) Paršuta 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 8. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake Usmas, Venta River, Acanthocephalus clavula (F) Gulf of Riga), 10. 2004 (Lakes Alūksnes, (Dujardin, 1845) Grabda-Kazubska & Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Lielauces, Chubb, 1968 Liepājas, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sildu, Syn.: Echinorhynchus clavula Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Dujardin, 1845 Water Reservoir; Daugava, Salaca Rivers; Pseudoechinorhynchus borealis Gulf of Riga; ponds) (von Linstow, 1901) Location: intestine Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (1,2,3) Echinorhynchus cryophilus (F) Gasterosteus aculeatus (4) (Sokolovskaya, 1962) Amin, 1985 Gymnocephalus cernuus (1) Syn.: Metechinorhynchus cryophilus Lota lota (1) Sokolovskaya, 1962 Dist.: Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas; Daugava River Location: intestine Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Daugava River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lake Dist.: Daugava River Liepājas), 3. 1959 (Lake Liepājas); 4. Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Liepājas, Rāznas; Daugava River) Echinorhynchus gadi (M) Zoega in O.F. Müller, 1776 Acanthocephalus lucii (F) Location: intestine (O.F. Müller, 1776) Lühe, 1911 Hosts: Abramis brama (1,11) Location: intestine Alosa fallax fallax (1,11) Hosts: Abramis brama (10) Clupea harengus membras Anguilla anguilla (2,3,4,5,7,11) (1,2,4,9,10) Cottus poecilopus (5) Blicca bjoerkna (1,10) Gadus morhua callarias Carassius carassius (1,10) (1,3,4,5,6,7,11) Cyprinus carpio carpio (6,10) Lampetra fluviatilis (2,3,5,11,12) Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,5,8,10) Osmerus eperlanus (3) Gasterosteus aculeatus (10) Platichthys flesus trachurus Gobio gobio gobio (1,10) (3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11) Gymnocephalus cernuus Salmo salar (1,11) (1,2,3,4,10) Vimba vimba (1,11) Lota lota (1,2,3,4,5,10) Zoarces viviparus (3,4,5,7,11)

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Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Belone belone (1,11) Sea Carassius carassius (1,11) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Clupea harengus membras Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea); 2. Vismanis, (1,2,3,5,11) Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga), 3. Cottus poecilpus (5) 1982 (Gulf of Riga), 4. 1986 (Baltic Sea); Gadus morhua callarias (1,4,5,6,11) 5. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 Gasterosteus aculeatus (11) (Gulf of Riga); 6. 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 7. Leuciscus idus (1,11) Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); 8. Platichthys flesus trachurus Tabolina 1994 (Gulf of Riga &/or Baltic (3,5,7,8,9,10,11) Sea); 9. Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1994 Vimba vimba (11) (Baltic Sea), 10. 1995 (Baltic Sea); 11. Zoarces viviparus (1,3,5,11) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava Dist.: Lake Usmas, Daugava River, Gulf of River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea); 12. Riga, Baltic Sea Kirjusina 2005 (Daugava River) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Remarks: Heavy infections cause intestinal Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Eglite & ulceration and reduce host condition (see Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga), 3. 1982 (Gulf Shulman and Shulman-Albova 1953). of Riga), 4. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 5. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga), 6. 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 7. Vismanis 1987 Echinorhynchus salmonis (F) (Gulf of Riga); 8. Vismanis & Kondratovičs O.F. Müller, 1784 1994 (Baltic Sea); 9. Tabolina 1994 (Gulf of Syn.: Metechinorhynchus salmonis Riga &/or Baltic Sea); 10. Vismanis & (O.F. Müller, 1784) Kondratovitch 1995 (Baltic Sea); 11. Location: intestine Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Usmas, Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (1) Daugava River, Gulf of Riga) Clupea harengus membras (1) Remarks: Heavy infections cause disease, the Gasterosteus aculeatus (2) parasite’s proboscis perforating the Salmo salar (1) intestinal wall and fastening to the internal S. trutta (1) organs (see Bauer 1987). Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea); 2. Kirjusina & ORDER POLYMORPHIDA Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River) FAMILY POLYMORPHIDAE

Echinorhynchus truttae Schrank, 1788 (F) Syn.: Metechinorhynchus truttae Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904) (M) (Schrank, 1788) Lühe, 1911 juvenile Location: intestine Location: body cavity, intestine, liver, Hosts: Cobitis taenia mesenteries Salmo trutta fario Hosts: Belone belone (1,10) Dist.: Līčupe River Clupea harengus membras Records: Shulman 1949 (Līčupe River); (2,3,5,7,10) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Līčupe River, Gadus morhua callarias hatchery) (3,4,5,6,7,10) Remarks: Heavy infection cases pathogenicity, Lampetra fluviatilis (11) especially in ponds (see Bauer 1987). Leuciscus idus (1,10) Osmerus eperlanus (1,3,5,7,10) Perca fluviatilis (10) FAMILY POMPHORHYNCHIDAE Platichthys flesus trachurus (1,3,5,7,8,9,10) Psetta maxima (1,10) Pomphorhynсhus laevis (F) Rutilus rutilus (1,10) (Zoega in O.F. Müller, 1776) Sander lucioperca (10) Van Cleave, 1924 Scardinius erythrophthalmus (1,10) Location: intestine Tinca tinca (1,10) Hosts: Abramis brama (1,11) Zoarces viviparus (1,3,5,7,10) Anguilla anguilla (11) Dist.: Daugava River; Gulf of Riga; Baltic Sea

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Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea); 2. Vismanis, Žuguru; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga), 3. Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, 1982 (Gulf of Riga), 4. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 5. Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Reinsone 1955a (Lake Sīvers), 3. 1955b Riga), 6. 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 7. Vismanis (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lake Sī vers); 5. 1987 (Gulf of Riga); 8. Vismanis & Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea), 9. 1995 Rāznas, Sīvers, Usmas, Žuguru; Daugava (Baltic Sea); 10. Kirjusina & Vismanis River; Gulf of Riga) 2004 (Gulf of Riga) 11. Kirjusina 2005 Remarks: Mass infection causes intestinal (Daugava, Gauja Rivers) damage and mortality of one-year-old carp and trout (see Bauer 1987).

Corynosoma strumosum (M) (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904 juvenile PHYLUM ANNELIDA Location: body cavity, intestine, liver, mesenteries CLASS OLIGOCHAETA Hosts: Anguilla anguilla (1,9) Clupea harengus membras ORDER HIRUDINIDA (2,3,5,7) Gadus morhua callarias SUBORDER RHYNCHOBDELLIDA (1,3,4,5,6,7,9) Lampetra fluviatilis (10) FAMILY GLOSSIPHONIIDAE Osmerus eperlanus (3,7) Platichthys flesus trachurus (3,5,7,8,9) Hemiclepsis marginata (F) Sander lucioperca (1,9) (O.F. Müller, 1774) Vedjovsky, 1884 Zoarces viviparus (3,5,7) Location: gills Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Hosts: Carassius carassius (1,3) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River, Perca fluviatilis (1,3) Gulf of Riga); 2. Vismanis, Eglite & Rutilus rutilus (1,3) Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga), 3. 1982 (Gulf fish (2) of Riga), 4. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 5. Vismanis, Dist.: Lake Rāznas Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga), 6. Records: 1. Shulman 1949; 2. Vismanis 1972 1986 (Gulf of Riga), 7. 1987 (Gulf of Riga); (ponds); 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 8. Vismanis & Kondratovičs 1995 (Baltic Sea); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 10. FAMILY PISCICOLIDAE Kirjusina 2005 (Daugava River)

Piscicola geometra (F) CLASS EOACANTHOCEPHALA (Linnaeus, 1761) Blainville, 1818 Location: gill cavity, mouth, skin ORDER NEOACANTHOCEPHALA Hosts: Abramis brama (2,4,5,6,9,18) Alburnus alburnus (2,4,18) FAMILY NEOECHINORHYNCHIDAE Blicca bjoerkna (9,18) Carassius auratus auratus (7,18) C. carassius (2,4,6,7,18) Neoechinorhynchus rutili (F) Coregonus peled (7,18) (O.F. Müller, 1780) Stiles & Hassall, 1905 Cottus poecilopus (13) Location: intestine Cyprinus carpio carpio Hosts: Abramis brama (5) (3,7,8,10,18) Alburnus alburnus (1,5) C. carpio haematopterus (9) Anguilla anguilla (1,5) Esox lucius (4,5,6,9,16,18) Blicca bjorkna (1,5) Gadus morhua callarias Carassius carassius (5) (13,14,15,18) Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,5) Gasterosteus aculeatus (18) Lota lota (1,5) Gymnocephalus cernuus (2,4,5,6,18) Rutilus rutilus (2,3,4,5) Lampetra fluviatilis (12,13,18)

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Leucaspius delineatus (7,18) Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758) (F) Leuciscus cephalus (18) glochidium Perca fluviatilis (2,4,5,6,8,9,18) Location: fins, gills Platichthys flesus trachurus (17) Hosts: Abramis brama Pungitius pungitius (7,18) Alburnus alburnus Rutilus rutilus (2,4,5,6,8,18) Anguilla anguilla Scardinius erythrophthalmus Blicca bjoerkna (2,4,5,6,18) Gobio gobio gobio Tinca tinca (4,6,7,18) Gymnocephalus cernuus Zoarces viviparus (13) Esox lucius fish (1,11) Leuciscus cephalus Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, L. leuciscus Durbes, Juglas, Kāla, Lielauces, Rāznas, Perca fluviatilis Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Rutilus rutilus Reservoir; Daugava, Lielupe Rivers; Gulf of Sander lucioperca Riga; Baltic Sea Scardinius erythrophthalmus Records: 1. Trauberga 1936 (-); 2. Shulman Tinca tinca 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Slokas, Usmas; Daugava, Reservoir); 3. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 Ogre Rivers (ponds); 4. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Sīvers), 5. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 6. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 7. Anodonta sp. (F) Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 8. Akhmerov 1961 Location: gills (ponds); 9. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Host: Anguilla anguilla Burtnieku), 10. 1964 (ponds), 11. 1972; 12. Dist.: Lake Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 Riga), 13. 1986 (Baltic Sea); 14. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga), 15. 1986 (Gulf of Riga); 16. Vismanis et al. Pseudanodonta kletti (F) 1989 (Lake Sildu); 17. Vismanis & (Rossmaessler, 1835) glochidium Kondratovičs 1994 (Baltic Sea); 18. Location: fins, gills Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Hosts: Esox lucius (1,2) Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Juglas, Perca fluviatilis (1,2) Kāla, Lielauces, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Phoxinus phoxinus (1,2) Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; Rutilus rutilus (1,2) Daugava, Lielupe Rivers; Gulf of Riga) Dist.: Lake Sildu Remarks: Piscicola geometra causes disease Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis. 2003 (-), 2004 of fish in wintering ponds. This leech is a vector of blood parasites belonging to the genera Trypanosoma and Cryptobia Unio pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (F) (Golovina et al. 2003). glochidium Location: gills Hosts: Perca fluviatilis PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Rutilus rutilus Salmo trutta morpha fario CLASS PELECYPODA Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Kišezers, Vīragnas; Daugava, Gauja, Ogre, Salaca, Venta Rivers ORDER EULAMELLIBRANCHIA Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004

FAMILY UNIONIDAE Unio rostratus (Lamarck, 1799) (F) glochidium Anodonta complanata (F) Location: gills Ziegler in Rossmässler, 1835 glochidium Host: Vimba vimba Location: gills Dist.: Lielupe River Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dist.: Daugava River Remarks: Heavy infestations can be pathogenic to Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 fish (Stabnichenko and Stabinichenko 1980).

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Unio tumidus Philipsson, 1788 (F) Location: gills glochidium Host: Clupea harengus membras Location: fins, gills Dist.: Gulf of Riga Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Records: Shulman 1949; Vismanis, Eglite & Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Volkova 1981, 1984; Kirjusina & Vismanis Record: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 2004

Unidentified Unionidae Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) (F) Jurine, 1806 Unionidae gen. sp. glochidium (F) Location: skin Location: fins, gills, skin Hosts: Abramis brama (4,5,10,19) Hosts: Abramis brama (2,4,6) Alburnus alburnus (19) Alburnus alburnus (1,2,6) Anguilla anguilla (2,4,7,19) Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,6) Blicca bjoerkna (4,19) Carassius. carassius (3,6) Carassius auratus auratus (8,19) Coregonus albula (2,6) C. carassius (2,4,7,8,19) C. lavaretus (2,6) Coregonus albula (4,5,6,19) Cyprinus carpio carpio (3,6) C. lavaretus (4,19) Esox lucius (1,2,5,6) C. peled (9,19) Gasterosteus aculeatus (1,6) Ctenopharyngodon idella (14) Gobio gobio gobio (1,6) Cyprinus carpio carpio Gymnocephalus cernuus (1,2,4,6) (3,6,8,11,12,13,19) Lota lota (1,6) Esox lucius (2,4,5,7,10,17,19) Perca fluviatilis (1,2,4,5,6) Gasterosteus aculeatus (19) Phoxinus phoxinus (5) Lampetra fluviatilis (15,16,19) Rutilus rutilus (1,2,4,5,6) Leucaspius delineatus (9,19) Scardinius erythrophthalmus Oncorhynchus mykss (18) (1,2,4,6) Osmerus eperlanus spirinchus Tinca tinca (2,3,4,6) (4,5,7,19) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Perca fluviatilis (4,7,10,17,19) Durbes, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Kegums Water Pungitius pungitius (8,19) Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga Rutilus rutilus (2,4,5,7,19) Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Scardinius erythrophthalmus Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava River, (2,4,5,7,19) Gulf of Riga), 2. 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Tinca tinca (2,5,8,18,19) Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Sīvers); 3. fish (1) Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 4. Reinsone 1959 Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, (Lake Sīvers); 5. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sildu); 6. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Water Reservoir; Daugava, Salaca Rivers; Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, Kegums Water Gulf of Riga Reservoir; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga) Records: 1. Berzins 1936 (-); 2. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir); 3. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 PHYLUM ARTHROPODA (ponds); 4. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers), 5. 1955b (Lake S īvers), 6. 1958 (ponds), 7. 1959 (Lakes CLASS Lielauces, Liepājas, Sīvers); 8. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 9. 1962 (ponds); 10. Vismanis SUBCLASS BRANCHIURA 1961 (Lake Burtnieku), 11. 1964 (ponds), 12. 1972 (ponds); 13. Vismanis & Peslak ORDER ARGULOIDEA 1963 (ponds); 14. Vismanis & Musselius 1971 (ponds); 15. Vismanis, Eglite & FAMILY Volkova 1981 (Gulf of Riga); 16. Vismanis, Volkova & Eglite 1984 (Gulf of Riga); 17. Vismanis et al. 1989 (Lake Sildu); 18. Argulus сoregoni Thorell, 1864 (F,B) Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks);

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19. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Remarks: Lernaea cyprinacea is an important Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, parasite of many species of fish. The female Lielauces, Liepājas, Rāznas, Sildu, Sīvers, copepod localizes on the body, causing Slokas, Usmas; Kegums Water Reservoir; hemorrhagic lesions in the skin and Daugava, Salaca Rivers; Gulf of Riga, musculature and in heavy infections, host ponds) mortality. Remarks: This common crustacian can be a pathogen of fish in ponds and lakes, heavy infections causing mortality. It is also a ORDER vector of blood parasites and viral infections such as spring viremia of carp (SVC) (see FAMILY Hoole et al. 2001,Golovina et al. 2003).

Ergasilus briani Markevich, 1932 (F) SUBCLASS COPEPODA Location: gills Hosts: Abramis brama ORDER CYCLOPOIDA Carassius carassius Leuciscus idus FAMILY LERNAEIDAE Tinca tinca Vimba vimba Dist.: Lakes Rāznas, Rušons; Daugava River Lamproglena pulchella (F) Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & von Nordmann, 1832 Vismanis 2004 Location: gills Hosts: Leuciscus cephalus (1,2,3) L. idus (3) Ergasilus gibbus von Nordmann, 1832 (F) Dist.: Lake Usmas; Daugava, Salaca Rivers Location: gills Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Daugava River); 2. Host: Anguilla anguilla Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001 (Salaca River), Dist.: Lakes Liepājas, Rušons; Kegums Water 3. 2004 (Lake Usmas, Daugava, Salaca Reservoir, Gulf of Riga Rivers) Records: Shulman 1949 (Lake Rušons, Kegums Water Reservoir, Gulf of Riga); Reinsone 1955a (Lake Liepājas), 1959 Lernaea esocina (Burmeister, 1833) (F) (Lake Liepājas); Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Location : skin (Lakes Liepājas, Rušons; Kegums Water Host : Perca fluviatilis Reservoir, Gulf of Riga) Dist. : Kegums Water Reservoir Record : Shulman 1949 Remarks: Kabata (1979) considered this Ergasilus sieboldi von Nordmann, 1832 (F) species to be a synonym of Lernaea Location: gills cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758. Hosts: Abramis brama (1,2,3,4,6,10) Alburnus alburnus (2,10) Anguilla anguilla (10) Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 (F) Aspius aspius (1,10) Location: skin Blicca bjoerkna (1,2,4,6,10) Hosts: Carassius carassius (3,4,5,6,7,8,9) Carassius auratus auratus (5) fish (1,2) C. carassius (1,2,4,10) Dist.: Lakes Lielauces, Rāznas; Kegums Water Coregonus albula (2,3,4,10) Reservoir; Daugava River C. lavaretus (2) Records: 1. Schneider 1910 (-); 2. Berzins Esox lucius (1,2,3,4,6,10) 1936 (-); 3. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Gobio gobio gobio (1,10) Daugava River); 4. Akhmerov & Grapmane Gymnocephalus cernuus 1954 (ponds); 5. Reinsone 1955a (Lake (1,2,3,4,10) Lielauces); 6. 1959 (Lake Lielauces); 7. Leucaspius delineatus (6) Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 8. Vismanis 1972 Leuciscus idus (1,10) (ponds, lakes); 9. Kirjusina & Vismanis Oncorhynchus mykss (9) 2004 (Lakes Lielauces, Rāznas; Kegums Osmerus eperlanus (1,10) Water Reservoir; Daugava River) O. eperlanus spirinchus (2,3,4,10) Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,6,10)

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Rutilus rutilus (1,2,3,4,6,8,10) Sīvers), 4. 1959 (Lake Sīvers); 5. Kirjusina Sander lucioperca (10) & Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Juglas, Rāznas, Scardinius erythrophthalmus Riču, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava River; Gulf (1,2,3,4,10) of Riga) Silurus glanis (1,10) Tinca tinca (1,2,4,5,6,10) Vimba vimba (1,7,10) Salminicola extensus (Kessler, 1868) (F) Dist.: Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Černavu, Kabata, 1969 Cirma, Dārza, Durbes, Indra, Juglas, Kāla, Syn.: Achtheres extensus Lielauces, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sildu, (Kessler, 1868) Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Žuguru; Kegums Location: base of fins Water Reservoir; Daugava, Salaca Rivers; Host: Coregonus lavaretus Gulf of Riga Dist.: Daugava River Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Rušons; Kegums Water Reservoir, Daugava Vismanis 2004 River); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lakes Alūksnes, Burtnieku, Cirma, Durbes, Kāla, Lielauces, Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake Sīvers), 4. 1959 Tracheliastes maculatus Kollar, 1835 (F) (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 5. Grapmane Location: skin 1957 (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Host: Abramis brama Burtnieku); 7. Vismanis, Spirina & Paršuta. Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir 1971 (Gulf of Riga); 8. Vismanis et al. 1989 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & (Lake Sildu); 9. Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina Vismanis 2004 1989 (tanks); 10. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Kāla, Lielauces, Rāznas, Riču, Rušons, Sildu, Sīvers, Slokas, Usmas, Tracheliastes polycolpus (F) Žuguru; Kegums Water Reservoir; Nordmann, 1832 Daugava, Salaca Rivers) Location: skin Remarks: Vismanis (1978) recorded mortality Host: Leuciscus idus of farmed spawners of rainbow trout Dist.: Daugava River (Oncorhynchus mykiss) due to Ergasilus Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis sieboldi. Intensities of infection exceeded 2004 2500 parasites per fish.

Thersitina gasterostei (B) (Pagenstecher, 1861) Norman, 1905 Location: gills Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus Dist.: Daugava River, Gulf of Riga Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004

ORDER SIPHONOSTOMATOIDA

FAMILY LERNAEOPODIDAE

Achtheres percarum (F) von Nordmann, 1832 Location: gills Hosts: Perca fluviatilis (1,2,3,4,5) Sander lucioperca (1,5) Dist.: Lakes Juglas, Rāznas, Riču, Sīvers, Usmas; Daugava River; Gulf of Riga Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Daugava River, Gulf of Riga); 2. Reinsone 1955a (Lake Sīvers), 3. 1955b (Lake