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A1078e02.Pdf 5 PARASITE-HOST LIST 7 KINGDOM PROTISTA3 FAMILY BODONIDAE SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA Ichthyobodo necator (F,B,M) PHYLUM MASTIGOPHORA (Henneguy, 1884) Pinto, 1928 Syn.: Costia necatrix Henneguy, 1884 CLASS KINETOPLASTIDEA Location: gills, skin Hosts:Blicca bjoerkna ORDER KINETOPLASTIDA Carassius carassius Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Daugava River SUBORDER TRYPANOSOMATINA Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 FAMILY TRYPANOSOMATIDAE Remarks: A dangerous ectoparasite for practically all fish, Ichthyobodo causes mortalities mainly of young fish and those Trypanosoma carassii (F) with lowered resistance (see Lom and Mitrophanow, 1883 Dyková 1992). Syn.: Trypanosoma danilewskyi Laveran and Mesnil, 1904 Includes: T. gracilis of Kirjusina and CLASS DIPLOMONADEA Vismanis, 2004 Location: blood ORDER DIPLOMONADIDA Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Dist.: Latvia (ponds) FAMILY HEXAMITIDAE Records: Vismanis & Peslak 1963; Vismanis 1964; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: This trypanosome is a pathogen of Hexamita salmonis (Moore, 1923) (F,B) juvenile common carp. The leeches Piscicola Wenyon, 1926 geometra and Hemiclepsis marginata are Syn.: Hexamita truttae (Schmidt, 1920) reported to be vectors (see Lom and Dyková Octomitus truttae Schmidt, 1920 1992). Location: gall bladder, intestine The synonymy follows Lom and Hosts: Lota lota (1,4) Dyková (1992). Oncorhynchus mykiss (2,3,4) Salmo salar (2,4) Dist.: Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Trypanosoma granulosum (F) Daugava River Laveran and Mesnil, 1909 Records: 1. Shulman 1949 (Lake Rāznas, Location: blood Daugava River); 2. Vismanis, Kuznetsova, Host: Anguilla anguilla & Rakitsky 1983 (hatchery); 3. Lullu et al. Dist.: Lake Usmas; Venta River; Gulf of Riga 1989 (tanks); 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2000 (Lake (Lake Rāznas, Kegums Water Reservoir, Usmas, Venta River, Gulf of Riga), 2004 tanks) (Lake Usmas) Remarks: The pathogenicity of this flagellate Remarks: The leeches Piscicola geometra and is not clear. In mass infections of salmonid Hemiclepsis marginata are reported to be fry it probably can cause mortality (see vectors of this flagellate (see Lom and Bauer 1984). Vismanis, Kuznetsova and Dyková 1992). Rakitsky (1983) recorded mortalites in one- year-old rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon harboring mixed infections of H. salmonis SUBORDER BODONINA and Chloromyxum truttae. PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA 3 Eurokaryote systematics are presently CLASS SPOROZOA undergoing significant change based on incorporation of molecular and ultrastructural research. Readers are referred to the recent SUBCLASS COCCIDIA higher level classification of Adl et al. (2005), which proposes a hierarchical system without ORDER EIMERIIDA the use of formal rank designations. 8 FAMILY EIMERIIDAE Goussia subepithelialis (F) (Moroff and Fiebiger, 1905) Dykova and Lom, 1983 Eimeria sardinae (Thélohan, 1890) (B,M) Syn.: Eimeria subepithelialis Reichenow, 1921 Moroff and Fiebiger, 1905 Location: testes Location: subepithelial connective tissue Host: Clupea harengus membras of intestine Dist.: Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Host: Cyprinus carpio carpio Records: Shulman 1949 (Gulf of Riga, Baltic Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Sea); Vismanis, Eglite & Volkova 1981 (Gulf Records: Vismanis 1972; Kirjusina & of Riga), 1982 (Gulf of Riga); Vismanis, Vismanis 2004 Volkova & Eglite1984 (Gulf of Riga); Remarks: Goussia subepithelialis is a common Vismanis 1987 (Gulf of Riga); Kirjusina & agent of nodular coccidiosis of the intestine Vismanis 2004 (Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea) of common carp in Europe (see Lom and Remarks: Heavy infections are reported to Dyková 1992). cause parasitic castration of male herring (see Lom and Dyková 1992). PHYLUM MICROSPORA Eimeria sp. (F) CLASS MICROSPOREA Location: not given Hosts: Carassius carassius ORDER MICROSPORIDIA Cyprinus carpio carpio Leucaspius delineatus SUBORDER PANSPOROBLASTINA Dist.: Latvia (ponds) Records: Grapmane 1957, 1962 FAMILY GLUGEIDAE Goussia carpelli (F) Glugea anomala (Moniez, 1887) (B,M) (Léger and Stankovich, 1921) Gurley, 1893 Dyková and Lom, 1983 Location: hypodermic and intermuscular Syn.: Eimeria carpelli connective tissue Léger and Stankovich, 1921 Host: Gasterosteus aculeatus E. cyprini Plehn, 1924. Dist.: Daugava River Location: intestinal wall Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Hosts: Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,3,4) Remarks: This parasite forms large xenomas in C. carpio haematopterus (2,4) the host’s connective tissue. Rarely, it Dist.: Latvia (ponds) causes deformities of the internal organs, Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954; 2. resulting in mechanical pressure on tissues Vismanis & Peslak 1963; 3. Vismanis 1964, and organs (see Bauer 1984). 1972; 4. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Remarks: Goussia carpelli, an agent of coccidian enteritis, is a common pathogen in Glugea stephani (Hagenmüller, 1899) (M) the intestine of Cyprinus carpio carpio in Woodcock, 1904 Europe ( s e e Lom and Dyková 1992). Mass Location: intestinal wall infection causes an increase of mortality of Hosts: Platichthys flesus trachurus one-year-old carp at the end of wintering (see (1,2,3) Bauer 1984). Psetta maxima (1,3) Dist.: Baltic Sea Records: 1. Shulman; 2. Vismanis & Kondratovičs Goussia gadi (Fiebiger, 1913) (M) 1994; 3. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Dyková and Lom, 1981 Remarks: Heavily infected intestines may Syn.: Eimeria gadi Fiebiger, 1913 become completely occluded, resulting in Location: swimbladder wall host death (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Host: Gadus morhua callarias Dist.: Baltic Sea Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Loma branchialis (Nemeczek, 1911) (M) 2004 Morrison and Sprague, 1981 Syn.: Nosema branchialis 9 Nemeczek, 1911 Amphileptus sp. (F) Location: gills Syn.: Hemiophrys sp. Host: Gadus morhua callarias Location: gills Dist.: Baltic Sea Hosts: Aspius aspius Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Blicca bjoerkna 2004 Leuciscus idus L. leuciscus Dist.: Kegums Water Reservoir; Daugava, Pleistophora acerinae (F) Rītupe Rivers Vaney and Conte, 1901 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis Location: wall of intestine and stomach, 2004 mesenteries Host: Gymnocephalus cernuus Dist.: Lakes Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons SUBCLASS HYPOSTOMATA Records: Shulman 1949 (Lakes Rāznas, Rušons); Reinsone 1955a (Lake Kāla); Kirjusina & ORDER CYRTOPHORIDA Vismanis 2004 (Lakes Kāla, Rāznas, Rušons) FAMILY CHILODONELLIDAE Pleistophora mirandellae (F) Vaney and Conte, 1901 Chilodonella piscicola (F) Syn.: Pleistophora elegans (Zacharias, 1894) Jankovsky, 1980 Auerbach, 1910 Syn.: Chilodonella cyprini Location: ovary (Moroff, 1902) Host: Rutilus rutilus Location: gills, skin Dist.: Lake Vīragnas Hosts: Carassius auratus auratus Records: Kirjusina & Vismanis 2001; (2,4,8) Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 C. carassius (2,4,8) Remarks: Reduction of fecundity in infected Ctenopharyngodon idella (7) fish is likely (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Cyprinus carpio carpio (1,2,3,4,5,6,8) C. carpio haematopterus (3,5) Microsporidia of Uncertain Position Gasterosteus aculeatus (2,9) Leucaspius delineatus (2,4,8) Microsporidium cotti (M) Oncorhynchus mykiss (8) (Chatton and Courrier, 1923) Perca fluviatilis (9) Canning and Lom, 1986 Pungitius pungitius (2,4,8) Syn.: Nosema cotti Dist.: Lake Juglas; Daugava River Chatton and Courrier, 1923 Records: 1. Akhmerov & Grapmane 1954 Location: liver, spleen (ponds); 2. Grapmane 1957 (ponds); 3. Host: Taurulus bubalis Reinsone 1958 (ponds); 4. Grapmane 1962 Dist.: Gulf of Riga (ponds); 5. Vismanis & Peslak. 1963 Records: Shulman 1949; Kirjusina & Vismanis (ponds); 6. Vismanis 1964, 1972 (ponds); 7. 2004 Vismanis & Musselius 1971 (ponds); 8. Remarks: Microsporidium is a collective group Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina 1989 (tanks); 9. for “identifiable” species of uncertain generic Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 (Lake Juglas, assignment (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Daugava River, ponds) Remarks: One of the most dangerous diseases, chlodonellosis may cause heavy losses in fish PHYLUM CILIOPHORA culture (see Lom and Dyková 1992). Grapmane (1962) recorded yearly CLASS KINETOPHRAGMINOPHOREA (1949–1954) mass mortality of one-year-old common carp. In some cases mortality in SUBCLASS GYMNOSTOMATA wintering ponds was 95–100 per cent. ORDER PLEUROSTOMATA SUBCLASS SUCTORIA FAMILY AMPHILEPTIDAE ORDER SUCTORIDA 10 FAMILY TRICHOPHRYIDAE 1958 (ponds), 6. 1959 (Lakes Lielauces, Sīvers); 7. Grapmane 1957 (ponds), 8. 1962 (ponds); 9. Vismanis 1961 (Lake Burtnieku), Capriniana piscium (Bütschli, 1889) (F) 10. 1964 (ponds), 11. 1972 (ponds); 12. Jankovsky, 1973 Vismanis & Peslak 1963 (ponds); 13. Syn.: Trichophrya piscium Vismanis and Musselius 1971 (ponds); 14. Bütschli, 1889 Vismanis, Volkova & Tarkach 1971 (tanks); Location: gills, skin 15. Vismanis, Ivanova & Soldatkina 1975 Host: Oncorhynchus mykiss (ponds); 16. Lullu, Vismanis & Bakhtina. Dist.: Lake Dzirnezers 1989 (tanks); 17. Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Record: Vismanis, Kuznetsova & Rakitsky (Lakes Burtnieku, Cirma, Juglas, Lielauces, 1983; Kirjusina & Vismanis 2004 Sīvers, Slokas; Daugava, Ogre Rivers, ponds) Remarks: Although generally considered an Remarks: This ciliate, a dangerous ectoparasite ectocommensal, mass infections can cause in fish culture, is the agent of disease (see Bauer 1984). ichthyophthiriosis or “white spot disease” (see Lom and Dyková 1992). The disease can cause high morbidity and mortality rates and CLASS OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA great economic losses in intensive aquaculture. Reinsone (1958) noted mass SUBCLASS HYMENOSTOMATA mortality of common carp spawners and yearlings in ponds, Vismanis (1972) noted ORDER HYMENOSTOMATIDA
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