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Biological Activities of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract of Achillea

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Biological Activities of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract of Achillea TurkJBiol 30(2006)65-73 ©TÜB‹TAK BiologicalActivitiesoftheEssentialOilandMethanolExtractof Achilleabiebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae) ÖzlemBARIfi1,MedineGÜLLÜCE1,FikrettinfiAH‹N2,HakanÖZER3,HamdullahKILIÇ4,HakanÖZKAN5, MünevverSÖKMEN6,TülinÖZBEK7 1 DepartmentofBiology,FacultyofArtsandScience,AtatürkUniversity,25240Erzurum-TURKEY 2 DepartmentofGeneticandBioengineering,FacultyofEngineeringandArchitecture,Kay›sdagi, YeditepeUniversity,34755‹stanbul-TURKEY 3 DepartmentofCropScience,FacultyofAgriculture,AtatürkUniversity,25240Erzurum-TURKEY 4 DepartmentofChemistry,FacultyofArtandScience,AtatürkUniversity,25240Erzurum-TURKEY 5 TheMinistryofHealthofTurkey,ErzurumRegionalHygieneInstitute,25240Erzurum-TURKEY 6 DepartmentofChemistry,FacultyofArtsandScienceCumhuriyetUniversity,58140Sivas-TURKEY 7 DepartmentofBiology,InstituteofNaturalandAppliedSciences,AtatürkUniversity,25240Erzurum-TURKEY Received:09.03.2006 Abstract: Thepresentworkexaminedtheinvitroantimicrobialandantioxidantactivitiesoftheessentialoilandmethanolextract fromAchilleabiebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae).Theessentialoilexhibitedantimicrobialactivityagainst8bacteria,14fungiandthe yeastC.albicans,whereasmethanolicextractremainedinactive.Theantioxidativecapacityofthesampleswasevaluatedbyusing DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)andβ-carotene/linoleicacidassays.Inbothassays,theextractshowedbetterantioxidative capacitythantheoil.TheextractreducedthestablefreeradicalDPPHwithlowerIC 50 value(89.90µg/ml)thantheoil(8900 µg/ml).Intheβ-carotene/linoleicacidassay,thesampleswerenoteffectivelyabletoinhibitthelinoleicacidoxidation,exhibiting only22.7%(theextract)and16%(theessentialoil)inhibitionsat2mg/ml,farbelowthanthatofBHT(97.0%).Totalphenolic constituentoftheextractwas51µg/mg(5.1%,w/w)asgallicacidequivalent.GC-MSanalysisoftheessentialoilresultedin the identificationof64componentsrepresenting92.24%oftheoil.Piperitone,camphorand1,8-cineole(eucalyptol)werethemain constituents. KeyWords: Achilleabiebersteinii,Antimicrobialactivity,Antioxidantactivity,GC-MSanalysis,piperitone,camphor,eucalyptol Achilleabiebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae)'ninUçucuYa¤›veMethanol Ekstrakt›n›nBiyolojikAktivitesi Özet: Buçal›flmada, Achilleabiebersteinii Afan.(Asteraceae)'ninmetanolekstrakt›veuçucuya¤›n›nlaboratuarortam›nda antimikrobiyalveantioksidanaktiviteleriaraflt›r›ld›.Uçucuya¤8bakteri,14fungusve C.albicans mayas›nakarfl›antimikrobiyal aktivitegösterdi.Metanolekstrakt›n›niseantimikrobiyalaktivitesigözlemlenemedi.ÖrneklerinantioksidankapasitesiDPPH(2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)ve β-karoten/linoleikasityöntemlerikullan›larakde›erlendirildi.Herikiyöntemdedeekstrakt,uçucu ya›dandahaiyiantioksidatifkapasitegösterdi.EkstraktserbestDPPHradikalleriniuçucuya¤dan(8900µg/ml)dahadüflükIC 50 seviyesi(89.90µg/ml)ileindirgedi. β-karoten/linoleikasityöntemindeörnekler,linoleikoksidasyonunuetkilibirflekilde engelleyememifltir;2mg/ml'deBHT(%97.0)'›nçokalt›ndakalarak,s›ras›yla;sadece%22.7(ekstrakt)ve%16(uçucuya¤)'l›k inhibisyongösterdi.Ekstrakt›ntoplamfenolikö¤eleri,gallikasiteflde›eri51µg/ml(%5.1w/w)olaraktespitedildi.Uçucuy a¤›n GC-MSanalizi%92.24'lükde¤erlendirmeile64bileflentan›lanaraksonuçland›.Piperiton,kamforve1,8-sineol(ökaliptol)uçucu ya¤›nanabileflenleriolarakbelirlendi. AnahtarSözcükler: Achilleabiebersteinii,Antimikrobiyalaktivite,Antioksidanaktivite,GC-MSanaliz;piperiton,kamforveökaliptol 65 BiologicalActivitiesoftheEssentialOilandMethanolExtractof AchilleabiebersteiniiAfan.(Asteraceae) Introduction voucherspecimenhasbeendepositedattheHerbariumof Plant-derivedsubstances/drugshaverecentlybecomeof theDepartmentofBiology,AtatürkUniversity(ATAHERB greatinterestowingtotheirversatileapplications.In 9788). particular,herbalmedicineisasoldasthehistoryof Preparationoftheextracts humankind.Ascanbetracedbymanyplants,species Theair-driedandfinelygroundsamplewasextractedas belongingtothegenusAchillea (Asteraceae)aresuchplants; describedelsewhere(9).Briefly,thesampleweighingabout thegenusissaidtobenamedafterAchilles,whoused 100gwasextractedinaSoxhletapparatuswithmethanol Achilleaspp.forhealingsoldierswoundedduringtheTrojan (MeOH)at60°Cfor6h.Theextractwasfilteredand War(1).Theirherbalpartsareknowntobeusedinfolk concentratedinvacuo at45°C,yieldingawaxymaterial medicineforthetreatmentofseveraldiseases,disorders (19.38%w/w),whichwasthenlyophilizedandkeptinthe andailments(2).Thesespecieshavesomeinteresting darkat+4°Cuntiltested. propertiesandareusedincosmetics,fragrancesand Isolationoftheessentialoils agriculture,e.g.,plantprotection(3). Theair-driedandgroundherbalpartsweresubmitted ThegenusAchilleaisrepresentedbyabout85species towater-distillationfor3husingaClevenger-type throughouttheworldand42ofthemarefoundintheflora apparatus(yield0.63%v/w).Theobtainedessentialoil ofTurkey;23oftheseareendemics(4,5) (EO)wasdriedoveranhydroussodiumsulfateand,after A.biebersteiniiAfan.(Asteraceae,Section:Filipendulinae filtration,storedat+4ºCuntiltestedandanalyzed. (D.C.)Boiss)(syn.A.micrantha)isaperennialherb,villose, GC-MSanalysisconditions stemserect,simpleorbranchedfromthebase;30-60cm high;leavesupto10cm,oblong-lanceolateinoutline, Theanalysisoftheessentialoilwasperformedusinga pinnatisectintonumerousnarrowsegments,segments ThermofinniganTraceGC/TraceDSQ/A1300(E.I dividedintominutelinear-lanceolatemucronatelobes;the Quadrapole)equippedwithaSGE-BPX5MScapillary headsareradiate,inlargedensecompoundcorymbs; column(30mx0.25µmi.d.,0.25mm).ForGC-MS involucre4–5mm,oblong-ovoid;floweringperiod, detectionanelectronionizationsystemwithionization April–May. A. biebersteinii islocallynamed‘Sarıçiçek’in energyof70eVwasused.Heliumwasthecarriergas,ata Turkish,andisusedasafolkremedytotreatabdominal flowrateof1ml/min.InjectorandMStransferline pain,woundsandstomachache(6,7).Reportsconcerning temperaturesweresetat220and290°C,respectively.The theantimicrobialandantioxidantpropertiesofthisspecies programusedwas50-150°Catarateof3°C/min,held arealsoavailableintheliterature(8). isothermalfor10minandfinallyraisedto250°Cat10 °C/min.Dilutedsamples(1/100,v/v,inmethylenechloride) Theobjectivesofthisstudyare:i)toanalyzethe of1.0µlwereinjectedmanuallyandinthesplitlessmode. chemicalcompositionofahydrodistilledessentialoilof A. Thecomponentswereidentifiedbasedonthecomparisonof biebersteini plantscollectedfromErzurum,intheeastern theirrelativeretentiontimeandmassspectrawiththoseof AnatoliaregionofTurkey,byaGC/MSsysteminorderto standards,Wiley7N,TRLIBlibrarydataoftheGC-MS determinetheessentialoilchemotype;ii)toinvestigatethe systemandliteraturedata(10).Theresultswerealso invitroantimicrobialandantioxidantactivitiesofmethanol confirmedbythecomparisonofthecompounds’elution extractandtheessentialoilisolatedfrom A.biebersteinii. orderwiththeirrelativeretentionindicesonnon-polar phasesreportedintheliterature. MaterialsandMethods Antimicrobialactivity Collectionofplantmaterial Microbialstrains Achilleabiebersteiniiwascollectedatthefloweringstage Themethanolicextractsandtheessentialoilof A. fromErzurum.Thetaxonomicidentificationofplant biebersteinii wasindividuallytestedagainstapanelof materialswasconfirmedbyaseniorplanttaxonomist, microorganismsincludingtotal55microbialcultures Meryemfiengül,attheDepartmentofBiology,Atatürk belongingto35bacteriaand19fungiandayeastspecies. University,Erzurum.Collectedplantmaterialsweredriedin Thelistofmicroorganismsusedinthisstudyisgivenin theshade,andtheleaveswereseparatedfromthestem, Tables1and2.Microorganismswereprovidedbythe andgroundinagrinderwithamesh2mmindiameter.The DepartmentofBiology,AtatürkUniversity. 66 Ö.BARIfi,M.GÜLLÜCE,F.fiAH‹N,H.ÖZER,H.KILIÇ,H.ÖZKAN,M.SÖKMEN,T.ÖZBEK Table1.Antimicrobialactivitiesoftheessentialoil Achilleabiebersteiniiagainstthebacterialstrainstested. Achilleabiebersteinii Antibioticsa Testmicroorganisms DDb MICc DDa MICa (max) Acinetobacterbaumanii-A8 8 500 18(OFX) 31.25 AcinetobacterlwoffiF1 - - 24(OFX) 62.50 Bacillusmacerans-A199 12 250 19(OFX) 15.62 Bacillusmegaterium –A59 - - 9(SCF) 15.62 Bacillussubtilis-ATCC-6633 - - 28(OFX) 62.50 Bacillussubtilis-A57 12 250 28(OFX) 125 Brucellaabortus A77 - - 12(SCF) 62.50 Burkholdriacepacia A225 - - 22(SCF) 125 Clavibactermichiganense-A227 - - 25(SCF) 16.62 Cedeceadavisae F2 - - 14(OFX) 62.50 Enterobactercloacae-A135 - - 20(NET 31.25 Enterococcusfaecalis-ATCC-29122 - - 18(SCF) 31.25 Escherichiacoli-A1 13 250 -(OFX) 62.50 Klebsiellapneumoniae F3 - - 12(OFX) 125 Klebsiellapneumoniae-A137 - - 12(OFX) 125 Morgonellamorganii F4 - - 14(OFX) 125 Proteusvulgaris-A161 - - 12(OFX) 125 Proteusvulgaris-KUKEM1329 - - 13(OFX) 125 Pseudomonasaeruginosa-ATCC9027 - - 22(NET) 31.25 Pseudomonasaeruginosa-ATCC27859 - - 22(NET) 15.62 Pseudomonasaeruginosa F5 - - 18(NET) 125 Pseudomonaspseudoalkaligenes F6 - - 18(NET) 125 Pseudomonassyringae pv.tomato A35 - - 24(OFX) 125 Salmonellacholerasuisarizonae F7 - - 14(NET) 250 Salmonellaenteritidis-ATCC-13076 - - 27(SCF) 62.50 Serratiaplymuthica F8 - - 16(NET) 125 Shigellasonnei F9 - - 24(NET) 31.25 Staphylococcusaureus-A215 10 500 22(SCF) 31.25 Staphylococcusaureus-ATCC-29213 10 500 22(SCF) 62.50 Staphylococcusepidermis-A233 - - -(SCF) 15.62 Staphylococcushominis F10 - - -(SCF) 15.62 Streptococcuspyogenes-ATCC-176 - - 10(OFX) 62.50 Streptococcuspyogenes-KUKEM-676- - 13(OFX) 31.25 Xanthomonascampestris-A235 - - 20(SCF) 31.25 Yersiniaenterocolitica F11 - - 16(OFX) 62.50 aDD=OFX=Ofloxacin(10µg/disc);SCF=sulbactam(30µg)+cefoperazona(75µg)(105µg/disc)andNET=Netilmicin, (30µg/disc)wereusedaspositivereferencestandardsantibioticdiscs(Oxoid); a MIC=Maxipine(µg/ml)wasusedasreferenceantibioticinmicrowelldilutionassay(Sigma). b Inhibitionzoneindiameter(mm)aroundthediscsimpregnatedwith300µg/discofmethanolextract.
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