Issue 80, 1st Quarter 2016 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Global Health ISSUE EIGHTY, 1 Engagement ST Inside U.S. Cyber Command QUARTER 2016 American Wolf Packs Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 80, 1st Quarter 2016 http://ndupress.ndu.edu Gen Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., USMC, Publisher MajGen Frederick M. Padilla, USMC, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Erin L. Sindle Book Review Editor Frank G. Hoffman, Ph.D. Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Printing Office Advisory Committee COL Michael S. Bell, USA (Ret.), Ph.D./College of International Security Affairs; LTG Robert B. Brown, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; Brig Gen Christopher A. Coffelt, USAF/Air War College; Col Keil Gentry, USMC/Marine Corps War College; BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC/Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Steven J. Grass, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Brig Gen Darren E. Hartford, USAF/National War College; Col Brian E. Hastings, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; RADM P. Gardner Howe III/U.S. Naval War College; LTG William C. Mayville, Jr., USA/The Joint Staff; MG William E. Rapp, USA/U.S. Army War College; LtGen Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC/The Joint Staff; RDML Brad Williamson/Joint Forces Staff College Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Stephen D. Chiabotti/School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.)/National War College; Mark J. Conversino/Air War College; Thomas P. Ehrhard/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Col Thomas C. Greenwood, USMC (Ret.)/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Mark H. Jacobsen/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Thomas L. McNaugher/Georgetown University; Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.)/National War College; James A. Schear/Office of the Secretary of Defense; LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) Printed in St. Louis, Missouri, by Cover 2 images (top to bottom): Airman from 93rd Air Refueling Squadron prepares to refuel KC-10 Extender during all-female mission held to honor and commemorate Women’s History Month, March 13, 2014 (U.S. Air Force/ Veronica Montes); Hull Technician grinds piece of metal aboard Wasp-class amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2), December 1, 2015 (U.S. Navy/ Liam Kennedy); U.S. Army Captain demonstrates side choke during Marine Corps Martial Arts Program course aboard Military Sealift Command joint high-speed vessel USNS Millinocket (JHSV 3), July 27, 2015 (U.S. Marine Corps/James Gulliver). About the Cover In this Issue U.S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal Edward A. McPherson, an AV-8 fixed-wing aircraft mechanic, Dialogue conducts preflight procedures at 2 From the Chairman south combat aircraft loading area in support of Weapons and Tactics Instructor Course (WTI) 1-16 at Forum Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, 4 Executive Summary Arizona, October 1, 2015 (U.S. Marine Corps/Jorge A. Dimmer) 6 Eight Signs Our Afghan Efforts Are Working By Richard H.M. Outzen 17 Advising the Afghan Air Force By Aaron Tucker and Aimal Pacha Sayedi Commentary Recall 78 An Interview with 131 The American Wolf 25 Enhancing Security Cooperation Michael S. Rogers Packs: A Case Study in Effectiveness: A Model for 86 Beyond the Build: How the Wartime Adaptation Capability Package Planning By F.G. Hoffman By Thomas W. Ross Component Commands Support the U.S. Cyber Command Vision Compiled by the U.S. Cyber Book Reviews Special Feature Command Combined Action Group 140 Fighting the Cold War 35 Global Health, Concepts, and 94 Joint Force Observations Reviewed by Joseph J. Collins Engagements: Significant of Retrograde Operations Enhancer for U.S. Security from Afghanistan 141 Duty and International Diplomacy By Aundre F. Piggee, Matthew Bain, Reviewed by Thomas F. Lynch III By Aizen J. Marrogi and David Carlson, Richard Lliteras, 143 Knife Fights Edwin Burkett Christopher Ostrander, Lawrence Pleis, Willie Rios, and Dennis Wilson Reviewed by Richard McConnell 37 The Future of Department of Defense Global Health Engagement Features Joint Doctrine By Gerald V. Quinnan, Jr. 101 Unconventional Warfare 145 Interorganizational in the Gray Zone Cooperation II of III: The 45 Separate and Equal: Building Humanitarian Perspective Better Relationships By Joseph L. Votel, Charles T. Cleveland, Charles T. By James C. McArthur, Andrew with the International Connett, and Will Irwin J. Carswell, Jason Cone, Faith Humanitarian Community M. Chamberlain, John Dyer, By Paul A. Gaist and Ramey L. Wilson 110 The Aegis Warship: Joint Dale Erickson, George E. Katsos, Force Linchpin for IAMD Michael Marx, James Ruf, Lisa 54 Global Health Engagement: and Access Control Schirch, and Patrick O. Shea A Military Medicine By John F. Morton Core Competency 153 The Enduring IED Problem: By Thomas R. Cullison, Charles W. 116 Violent Nonstate Actors with Why We Need Doctrine Beadling, and Elizabeth Erickson Missile Technologies: Threats By Marc Tranchemontagne Beyond the Battlefield 160 Joint Doctrine Update JPME Today By Mark E. Vinson and John Caldwell 62 The Fourth Level of War 124 The Criticality of By Michael R. Matheny Collaborative Planning By Sarah Mussoni, Gert-Jan de 67 Building Joint Capacity Within Vreede, and Alfred Buckles the Reserve Component By Brent French U.S. Marine Corps General Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, meets with Servicemembers before USO holiday troop visit at Bagram Air Field, Afghanistan, December 8, 2015 (U.S. Air Force/Robert Cloys) From the Chairman Our Force and Our Fight uring my first 90 days as Chair- on improving our joint warfighting capa- change. While the nature of war is man, I have engaged Soldiers, bility and joint readiness and developing enduring, the character of war today is D Marines, Sailors, Airmen, and leaders who will be the foundation of extraordinarily dynamic. Information Coast Guardsmen at all levels. I am Joint Force Next. This contribution to operations, cyber, space and counter- confident that our nation has the most Joint Force Quarterly is intended to pro- space capabilities, and ballistic missile professional and capable military in vide some initial thoughts regarding these technology are among the true game the world. The Joint Force has proved three priorities. changers on the modern battlefield. effective and resilient throughout years In the months ahead, my intent is to Both state and nonstate actors are of combat, kept the homeland safe, and use this space to share thoughts about constantly looking for ways to harness advanced our national interests across where we are headed, while generating an such capabilities in order to avoid our the globe. Every day, in every task, our open dialogue that will allow us to fully strengths and exploit our vulnerabilities. men and women in uniform deliver. leverage the insights and ideas of leaders This dynamic has significant implica- But we should expect no credit tomor- across the Joint Force. tions for how we will fight, and makes it row for what we did yesterday. probable that future conflicts will most We must continually adapt to meet Improving Our Joint often be transregional and fought across current challenges and innovate to de- Warfighting Capability multiple domains and functions. Driven velop the capabilities we will need to win The strategic landscape is characterized by this assumption, one of my highest future fights. As we do that, we will focus by complexity, uncertainty, and rapid warfighting priorities is to improve our 2 Dialogue / From the Chairman JFQ 80, 1st Quarter 2016 ability to integrate joint capabilities in a Develop Leaders for transregional, multidomain, and multi- Joint Force Next New from functional fight. From my perspective, The men and women of the all-vol- our current organizational and command unteer force are our true competitive NDU Press and control constructs are optimized advantage and greatest asset. The future for the Center for Strategic Research neither for the current fight nor for the operating environment will place new Strategic Perspectives 19 challenges we will confront in the future. demands on leaders at all levels. To best Understanding Putin Through a Whether we are confronting state prepare our future leaders for success, Middle Eastern Looking Glass or nonstate actors, we must be able we must continuously assess and refine by John W. Parker to quickly and decisively bring to bear our leader development. The Joint Staff The resur- the full weight of the Joint Force. will lead an effort to define the qualities gence of Collaboration and cooperation across and characteristics of the leaders we Russian in- regions, domains, or functions is not will need in the Joint Force Next. This fluence in the enough. We must achieve true integra- study will inform how we will select, Middle East tion. The Joint Staff will lead an effort to train, educate, and manage the talent of has surprised further frame and tackle this challenge. tomorrow’s leaders. Moscow as much as any Joint Readiness Our Mutual Responsibilities other capital. A ready Joint Force is one that can Meeting the challenges of today’s Russia has done better than the effectively meet the steady-state require- dynamic and demanding operating envi- Kremlin and its Middle East experts ments of the combatant commanders, ronment while preparing the Joint Force feared when the Arab Spring began. deter our adversaries, and respond to win future fights will be a team effort. Despite Moscow’s deep involvement decisively in the event of a contingency.