The Clitoris Is Small Except When It Is Not
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Reference Sheet 1
MALE SEXUAL SYSTEM 8 7 8 OJ 7 .£l"00\.....• ;:; ::>0\~ <Il '"~IQ)I"->. ~cru::>s ~ 6 5 bladder penis prostate gland 4 scrotum seminal vesicle testicle urethra vas deferens FEMALE SEXUAL SYSTEM 2 1 8 " \ 5 ... - ... j 4 labia \ ""\ bladderFallopian"k. "'"f"";".'''¥'&.tube\'WIT / I cervixt r r' \ \ clitorisurethrauterus 7 \ ~~ ;~f4f~ ~:iJ 3 ovaryvagina / ~ 2 / \ \\"- 9 6 adapted from F.L.A.S.H. Reproductive System Reference Sheet 3: GLOSSARY Anus – The opening in the buttocks from which bowel movements come when a person goes to the bathroom. It is part of the digestive system; it gets rid of body wastes. Buttocks – The medical word for a person’s “bottom” or “rear end.” Cervix – The opening of the uterus into the vagina. Circumcision – An operation to remove the foreskin from the penis. Cowper’s Glands – Glands on either side of the urethra that make a discharge which lines the urethra when a man gets an erection, making it less acid-like to protect the sperm. Clitoris – The part of the female genitals that’s full of nerves and becomes erect. It has a glans and a shaft like the penis, but only its glans is on the out side of the body, and it’s much smaller. Discharge – Liquid. Urine and semen are kinds of discharge, but the word is usually used to describe either the normal wetness of the vagina or the abnormal wetness that may come from an infection in the penis or vagina. Duct – Tube, the fallopian tubes may be called oviducts, because they are the path for an ovum. -
Physiology of Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction
International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S44–S51 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0955-9930/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/ijir Physiology of female sexual function and dysfunction JR Berman1* 1Director Female Urology and Female Sexual Medicine, Rodeo Drive Women’s Health Center, Beverly Hills, California, USA Female sexual dysfunction is age-related, progressive, and highly prevalent, affecting 30–50% of American women. While there are emotional and relational elements to female sexual function and response, female sexual dysfunction can occur secondary to medical problems and have an organic basis. This paper addresses anatomy and physiology of normal female sexual function as well as the pathophysiology of female sexual dysfunction. Although the female sexual response is inherently difficult to evaluate in the clinical setting, a variety of instruments have been developed for assessing subjective measures of sexual arousal and function. Objective measurements used in conjunction with the subjective assessment help diagnose potential physiologic/organic abnormal- ities. Therapeutic options for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction, including hormonal, and pharmacological, are also addressed. International Journal of Impotence Research (2005) 17, S44–S51. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901428 Keywords: female sexual dysfunction; anatomy; physiology; pathophysiology; evaluation; treatment Incidence of female sexual dysfunction updated the definitions and classifications based upon current research and clinical practice. -
The Cyclist's Vulva
The Cyclist’s Vulva Dr. Chimsom T. Oleka, MD FACOG Board Certified OBGYN Fellowship Trained Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist National Medical Network –USOPC Houston, TX DEPARTMENT NAME DISCLOSURES None [email protected] DEPARTMENT NAME PRONOUNS The use of “female” and “woman” in this talk, as well as in the highlighted studies refer to cis gender females with vulvas DEPARTMENT NAME GOALS To highlight an issue To discuss why this issue matters To inspire future research and exploration To normalize the conversation DEPARTMENT NAME The consensus is that when you first start cycling on your good‐as‐new, unbruised foof, it is going to hurt. After a “breaking‐in” period, the pain‐to‐numbness ratio becomes favourable. As long as you protect against infection, wear padded shorts with a generous layer of chamois cream, no underwear and make regular offerings to the ingrown hair goddess, things are manageable. This is wrong. Hannah Dines British T2 trike rider who competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics DEPARTMENT NAME MY INTRODUCTION TO CYCLING Childhood Adolescence Adult Life DEPARTMENT NAME THE CYCLIST’S VULVA The Issue Vulva Anatomy Vulva Trauma Prevention DEPARTMENT NAME CYCLING HAS POSITIVE BENEFITS Popular Means of Exercise Has gained popularity among Ideal nonimpact women in the past aerobic exercise decade Increases Lowers all cause cardiorespiratory mortality risks fitness DEPARTMENT NAME Hermans TJN, Wijn RPWF, Winkens B, et al. Urogenital and Sexual complaints in female club cyclists‐a cross‐sectional study. J Sex Med 2016 CYCLING ALSO PREDISPOSES TO VULVAR TRAUMA • Significant decreases in pudendal nerve sensory function in women cyclists • Similar to men, women cyclists suffer from compression injuries that compromise normal function of the main neurovascular bundle of the vulva • Buller et al. -
Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault Victimization Across the Life Span A Color Atlas Barbara W. Girardin, RN, PhD Forensic Health Care Palomar Pomerado Health Escondido, California Diana K. Faugno, RN, BSN, CPN, FAAFS, SANE-A District Director Pediatrics/Nicu Forensic Health Service Palomar Pomerado Health Escondido, California Mary J. Spencer, MD Clinical Professor of Pediatrics University of California San Diego School of Medicine Medical Director Child Abuse Prevention and Sexual Assault Response Team Palomar Pomerado Health Escondido, California Angelo P. Giardino, MD, PhD Associate Chair - Pediatrics Associate Physician-in-Chief St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Associate Professor in Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania G.W. Medical Publishing, Inc. St. Louis FOREWORD Whether in the pediatric emergency room, the adult sexual assault clinic, the nursing home or even the morgue, high quality photography of visible lesions remains an essential documentation and investigation tool. The value of photographic documentation cannot be overstated. Indeed, all medical providers who evaluate sexual assault victims should be familiar with the basic principles and techniques of clinical photography and should assure adequate photographic documentation of visible lesions. Such images, whether still or video, may be used in court, although less commonly than photographs of physical abuse (sometimes judges and juries have a hard time understanding the significance of, for example, a subtle hymenal tear). Photographs are also important for peer review, peer consultation and teaching. Perhaps most significantly, photographs may allow a second opinion by opposing council experts without subjecting the victim to a repeat examination. The evolution in photodocumentation techniques in sexual assault has often followed, sometimes paralleled, and even sometimes led the evolution in the medical examination and interpretation of sexual assault injuries. -
Comparative Morphology of the Penis and Clitoris in Four Species of Moles
RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative Morphology of the Penis and Clitoris in Four Species of Moles (Talpidae) ADRIANE WATKINS SINCLAIR1∗, STEPHEN GLICKMAN2, KENNETH CATANIA3, AKIO SHINOHARA4, LAWRENCE BASKIN1, 1 AND GERALD R. CUNHA 1Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 2Departments of Psychology and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 3Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 4Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Japan ABSTRACT The penile and clitoral anatomy of four species of Talpid moles (broad-footed, star-nosed, hairy- tailed, and Japanese shrew moles) were investigated to define penile and clitoral anatomy and to examine the relationship of the clitoral anatomy with the presence or absence of ovotestes. The ovotestis contains ovarian tissue and glandular tissue resembling fetal testicular tissue and can produce androgens. The ovotestis is present in star-nosed and hairy-tailed moles, but not in broad-footed and Japanese shrew moles. Using histology, three-dimensional reconstruction, and morphometric analysis, sexual dimorphism was examined with regard to a nine feature mascu- line trait score that included perineal appendage length (prepuce), anogenital distance, and pres- ence/absence of bone. The presence/absence of ovotestes was discordant in all four mole species for sex differentiation features. For many sex differentiation features, discordance with ovotestes was observed in at least one mole species. The degree of concordance with ovotestes was highest for hairy-tailed moles and lowest for broad-footed moles. In relationship to phylogenetic clade, sex differentiation features also did not correlate with the similarity/divergence of the features and presence/absence of ovotestes. -
The Mythical G-Spot: Past, Present and Future by Dr
Global Journal of Medical research: E Gynecology and Obstetrics Volume 14 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4618 & Print ISSN: 0975-5888 The Mythical G-Spot: Past, Present and Future By Dr. Franklin J. Espitia De La Hoz & Dra. Lilian Orozco Santiago Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Colombia Summary- The so-called point Gräfenberg popularly known as "G-spot" corresponds to a vaginal area 1-2 cm wide, behind the pubis in intimate relationship with the anterior vaginal wall and around the urethra (complex clitoral) that when the woman is aroused becomes more sensitive than the rest of the vagina. Some women report that it is an erogenous area which, once stimulated, can lead to strong sexual arousal, intense orgasms and female ejaculation. Although the G-spot has been studied since the 40s, disagreement persists regarding the translation, localization and its existence as a distinct structure. Objective: Understand the operation and establish the anatomical points where the point G from embryology to adulthood. Methodology: A literature search in the electronic databases PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier, Interscience, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO was performed. Results: descriptive articles and observational studies were reviewed which showed a significant number of patients. Conclusion: Sexual pleasure is a right we all have, and women must find a way to feel or experience orgasm as a possible experience of their sexuality, which necessitates effective stimulation. Keywords: G Spot; vaginal anatomy; clitoris; skene’s glands. GJMR-E Classification : NLMC Code: WP 250 TheMythicalG-SpotPastPresentandFuture Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2014. -
Advanced-Pelvic-Exams1.Pdf
8/3/2014 Describe at least two techniques for performing pelvic examination with a patient who has Jacki Witt, JD, MSN, WHNP-BC, SANE-A, FAANP experienced sexual assault/abuse Caroline Hewitt, DNS, RN, NP Practice at least two new pelvic examination techniques with a standardized patient Select appropriate screening and diagnostic testing for women with specific pelvic organ symptoms Jacki Witt Watson Pharmaceuticals – Honorarium – Advisory Board Agile Pharmaceuticals – Honorarium – Advisory WHO Afaxus Pharmaceuticals – Honorarium – Advisory Committee Bayer Pharmaceuticals – Honorarium – Advisory Board WHAT WHEN Caroline Hewitt WHERE Prior to February 5, 2014 disclosures: Watson Pharmaceuticals – Honorarium-Advisory Board HOW After February 5, 2014: Nothing to disclose WHY Identify the indications for a pelvic examination -Lithotomy common in US Describe at least two techniques for performing -Some patients pelvic examination with an obese patient find it disempowering, Describe at least two techniques for performing abusive & humiliating pelvic examination with a patient who has Haar, et al 1997 signs/symptoms of decreased estrogen stimulation -Patient’s have to vaginal tissues described metal Describe at least two techniques for performing stirrups as ‘cold’ pelvic examination with a & ‘hard’; say their use developmentally/cognitively disabled person is impersonal, sterile or degrading Olson 1981 1 8/3/2014 • 197 adult women having routine cervical cytology • Patients reported less discomfort and feelings of vulnerability if: PLASTIC : direct lamp connection, • Semi-reclining vs. supine transparency facilitates visualization, • No stirrup method used audible and sensible clicks distressing and • No significant differences in quality of cyto specimen considered not ‘green’ (but study not powered to definitively look at this outcome) • Routine in UK, Australia, N. -
13B. Health of Intersex People
Affirming Care for People with Intersex Traits: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask Katharine Baratz Dalke, MD MBE She/Her/Hers Director of the Office for Culturally Responsive Health Care Education Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Penn State College of Medicine March 22, 2020 Goals By the end of this hour, you will be able to: ▪ Appreciate the diversity of intersex traits, and the conditions associated with them ▪ Describe the traditional approach to people with intersex traits and its impact on health ▪ Implement an affirming approach to physical and behavioral health care for people with intersex traits What are intersex traits? Group of congenital variations relative to endosex traits ▪ Sex chromosomes, hormones, and/or internal or external genitalia ▪ May also see variations in secondary sex traits ▪ Included among sexual and gender diverse/minority populations ▪ Present at any time across the lifespan About Language… That is complicated ▪ Hermaphroditism ▪ Intersex/uality ▪ Differences/Disorders of Sex Development ▪ Intersex (traits/conditions), DSD ▪ Endosex Why Learn About Intersex? People with intersex traits… ▪ Are common (1 in 100 - 2000) ▪ Benefit from quality medical care ▪ May receive care in SGM health settings ▪ Are rarely intentionally included in SGM health Review of Sex Development nnie Wang, NY Times Tim Bish|Unsplash Sex Chromosomes . Eggs: X, XX XO . Sperm: X, Y, O, XX, YY . Sex chromosomes initiate gonad development . Gonads produce hormones and gametes Prenatal Development -
Reproductive and Sexual Anatomy Hassan S
ogy: iol Cu ys r h re P n t & R y e s Anatomy & Physiology: Current m e o a t r a c n h A Research Abduljabbar, Anat Physiol 2015, 5:S5 ISSN: 2161-0940 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0940.S5-002 Short Communication Open Access Reproductive and Sexual Anatomy Hassan S. Abduljabbar* Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: Hassan S. Abduljabbar, Department of Anatomy, Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80215 Jeddah 21452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Tel: +966 12 6408310; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Apr 27, 2015; Acc date: Jul 16, 2015; Pub date: July 20, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Abduljabbar HS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Keywords: Reproductive; Vagina anatomy; Sexual organs; Birth might suffer from what is known as Green sickness or female hysteria. canal Midwifes tried to alleviate this condition by rubbing the vaginal wall either digitally or by objects like a dilator. Vagina Anatomy The Vagina and Sexual Intercourse The sexual and reproductive anatomy is variable from one woman to another. This includes the externally visible genitals (e.g. Labia It is easy to recognize male orgasm by erection and ejaculation, but majora) as well as the internal reproductive and sexual organs (e.g. in females it is difficult to detect. Intercourse is for reproduction and vagina, uterus). pleasure. Most women obtain sexual information from magazines, sex therapists, gynecologists and most recently social media. -
Societal Clitoridectomies Created from Pushing (For) the G-Spot in the 20Th and 21St Centuries Giannina Ong Santa Clara University, [email protected]
Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II Volume 23 Article 15 2019 Finding the Clitoris: Societal Clitoridectomies Created from Pushing (for) the G-spot in the 20th and 21st Centuries Giannina Ong Santa Clara University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Ong, Giannina (2019) "Finding the Clitoris: Societal Clitoridectomies Created from Pushing (for) the G-spot in the 20th and 21st Centuries," Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II: Vol. 23 , Article 15. Available at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives/vol23/iss1/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ong: Finding the Clitoris: Societal Clitoridectomies Created from Push Finding the Clitoris: Societal Clitoridectomies Created from Pushing (for) the G-spot in the 20th and 21st Centuries Giannina Ong Men have struggled to comprehend the realities of women’s sexual pleasure, despite having sexual relations with women since the beginning of time. The prevailing androcentric model of sex focuses on the promotion of male pleasure, specifically ejaculation, a necessary component of reproduction. Women’s pleasure and biological reproduction is then either completely misconstrued or construed to be an accessory to the same reproductive acts. At one point in time, the belief was that both the man and woman had to orgasm to successful produce a child; moreover, the one-sex and the androcentric model combined has allowed psychologists and biologists to conceptualize women’s sexual anatomy as reciprocal to men’s. -
Keeping It Safe- a Sexual and Reproductive Health Guide for Same-Sex-Attracted Women
Keeping It Safe- A sexual and reproductive health guide for same-sex-attracted women ConsentSafer Sex Let’s talk about sex… familyplanning.org.nz Penetration Keeping It Safe- This resource is for women who have sex with women; occasionally, regularly or are just thinking about it. The focus is on cis-women (women who were born with female reproductive systems and genitals), although transmen (or cis-women who have sex with transmen) may also find parts of this resource useful. It aims to provide information to women who have sex with other women, regardless of their sexual identity (e.g. lesbian, queer, bisexual, gay, straight, butch, femme, dyke, or no expressed identity) or how that may change over time. It aims to help us make informed choices about our sexual practices whoever they may be with. It also aims to enable us to be assertive in dealing with health professionals. We acknowledge that same-sex attracted women have a wide range of different sexual experiences and desires. We have based this resource on the premise that the risks of sexually transmissible infections relate to behaviours not sexual orientation or sexual identity. 2 Keeping It Safe Let’s talk about sex… Let’s talk about sex… Communicating about sex is important, whether you are in a long–term monogamous relationship, specialise in a series of one night stands, or are somewhere and anywhere in between. Talking about sex can be embarrassing for many women, but it’s essential in checking out what is safe and comfortable, physically and emotionally. Negotiating our sexual practices can be both empowering and downright sexy. -
New Insights from One Case of Female Ejaculationjsm 2472 3500..3504
3500 CASE REPORTS New Insights from One Case of Female Ejaculationjsm_2472 3500..3504 Alberto Rubio-Casillas, Biologist* and Emmanuele A. Jannini, MD† *Escuela Preparatoria Regional de Autlán, Biology Laboratory, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México; †Course of Endocrinology and Sexology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Rome, Italy DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02472.x ABSTRACT Introduction. Although there are historical records showing its existence for over 2,000 years, the so-called female ejaculation is still a controversial phenomenon. A shared paradigm has been created that includes any fluid expulsion during sexual activities with the name of “female ejaculation.” Aim. Todemonstrate that the “real” female ejaculation and the “squirting or gushing” are two different phenomena. Methods. Biochemical studies on female fluids expelled during orgasm. Results. In this case report, we provided new biochemical evidences demonstrating that the clear and abundant fluid that is ejected in gushes (squirting) is different from the real female ejaculation. While the first has the features of diluted urines (density: 1,001.67 Ϯ 2.89; urea: 417.0 Ϯ 42.88 mg/dL; creatinine: 21.37 Ϯ 4.16 mg/dL; uric acid: 10.37 Ϯ 1.48 mg/dL), the second is biochemically comparable to some components of male semen (prostate-specific antigen: 3.99 Ϯ 0.60 ¥ 103 ng/mL). Conclusions. Female ejaculation and squirting/gushing are two different phenomena. The organs and the mecha- nisms that produce them are bona fide different. The real female ejaculation is the release of a very scanty, thick, and whitish fluid from the female prostate, while the squirting is the expulsion of a diluted fluid from the urinary bladder.