ll t Ch (1999 9
BOOK REVIEWS
A History of Chemistry. rn d tt n d - n nt f h tr " th r d n pr n pl f r th n rr - nd I b ll St n r tr n l t d b b r h v n t v h ntr l t n "Wh t h tr ?" l d rv rd Un v r t r C br d MA 199 3 5 th t p dd t n l t n pp Or n ll p bl h d Histoire de la chemie, Ed - t n é v rt 1993 Wh t f n t d f d n t th h dd n p t f ll-d f n d n h d nt t n t n t n r th 19 t th rl 199 n n nt n nv th n th pr d t f h t r ? r nt h t r f h tr h d nt ll t h Wh t f n t d f n th t h tr h h t r A r n Ihd n -v l tr t nt r th lt -v l- h h n n h t t d r n r pr p r b rt n t n th r nt nd d t b th t t h t r n pr r ? pr h n v rv b th r n z d l n th l n f hr n l l n rr t v nd b th r tt n b h - A rd n t th th r h t r b d n th t S n 199 h v r th r h b n n b r- n r t th t n " ld l r bl th tr - r nt f r h th th pp r n f d z n n- ph l r h f n th t r f t lf th n l n h n f v nt h p n n th t h nt d r l nd p l z d h t r f h tr b t n f t n t r " t d p t th r l In th b r n n l t A History of Chemistry f- th t th "pl f h tr n th h r r h f th - f r th n f nd nt ll d ff r nt; t n lt rn - n l tt r f d b t " nd th t h - t v ll d r t h ll n t tr d t n l h t - tr h b n nt n ll bl d t r n t t t r l - r f h tr Wr tt n b pr f n l h t r n f t n h p th th th r n n d - n nt nd n ( n d - n nt nd pr f n l ph l - St n r d n t h h tr t b n n th r - ph r f n (St n r th t xt pr v d nt r- rd v rth l r n fr th pt n th t p nt t th n t n f l n rr t v f h tr "th r n t rn l n f h tr n tr n n- C n t n f f v nd v d l " n p h t " f h tr d nt bj t th t nv l d v r th r f th nt - t ff r n f n t n v n tt r tt n n l d r " th th r fr th lv t l f r " h tr r d bl t l — tr b t t b th th ll f th tr n - v d nt t " v r l n l b l h t r h l t r nd th r n l r n h t xt pr d d b th - th r n z nt th f v h pt r h f h h "pr - th r nt d ff r nt f f h tr [ nd] d l n t t d nt t t v n t " n d - n nt nd St n r ppr h th r b- j t n th b f pt n th t n h t h f r t f th f v n p h t pr v d l p n t h ld Unl th h t h h t r ft n t f h tr r n n l h nd n th rv d " n f t f r th r n [ nd] d r b d 17th- nt r r v v l f rt n An nt Gr d b t h tr th t r f t d nt t — nd f t - tt r h nd nd th rd h pt r r rv f ll " th th r r n t t ll r f th t 1 th- nd 19th- nt r h tr r p t v l In Ch p- d nt t In f t th d pt th " t f r th d nt t t r th th r nd r thr h v r l r f n- 7 ll t Ch (1999
d tr t d th h tr nd n th f n l h p- p th d v t l t r n th h pt r t r j - t r th ff r pl f h tr fr th th n- t n n 1 3 f Av dr h p th nd f t t r h r l h rt p l In ll th h p- th r n n r l t r th th r "p nt br d h t r l p t r " fr Ch pt r 5 " b r n rr t r " r t rn t h h th r " t p bl t nd r t nd ll th th nt t t ll n f nt l t th b n- nd tr l nd nt ll t l dv nt r th t t v r p - n n f th th nt r r d h v h p d h tr v d nt t " W b l v th t th h rt n f th ppr h t- In 191 n p l t n n r n h tr t ll h t dv nt th ht th t th t nd l l r h p th nl f t n nd r t z d th th n b rv bl In th p n n h pt r "Or n " n d - nt t r pr nt d f th r ll x t d n nt nd St n r f nd d n Gr th ht fr h l t Ar t tl But if the atom provoked skepticism from inor- ganic chemists, it was the target of much more radi- that obsessed and still obsess chemistry—principles, cal questioning from two renowned physical chem- elements, atoms, the problem of differentiation, the ists, Pierre Duhem and Wilhelm Ostwald. relationship between the one and the many, genera- tion interpreted as an ephemeral transgression of a A tt d p t v t th "t r n n d ph - static order or as a result of perpetual conflict. l h t " h rdl r pr nt n tr v n t rn- A l t f d th t h v nf d h l th n n f r f-th - nt r h tr h pr f r f th - r th n r t th r l n v t v n f r t l ph r j t d th nt f v l d t f n nd th d n t r pr nt nt n tr d t n It tr f d l f tt r; nd O t ld n f th l t h - th t lt n t r n t d nt l t th f t t pp t th r h d r tr t d f r nt r t nd pp b t th h f th t r n r t th t h d t d n th x t n f t- " t " n th rl 1 n t rb tr r t r nl nd r t d b th r nt t t th t t It rt nl tr th t n h t thr h t h p n n h pt r l v r th l n fr l- th 19th nt r r pt l f th lt n n t h t h tr t th th r "f nd th d - nd r n h nt t r n th t v r r pt n f pr d r th t r t pr t l nt - nt t t t v n th h d bt d th ph l n t b t n l h nd h tr " th l f nd x t n f t ll f nd th n pt f l n th r t l nt n t l r l n th b f r l xpl n n h l ph n n nd n h t d d h t r d "th b t n n f th xt nth- nt r n t r rd t nl "f t n h pr t n n t h t " h th r t th r tr n t n l f r — r l t b d f n t n t p r r nd r l t v t th r v n l nt Gl b r nd h r— p rt p nt n b l t t r n z th f t " In th n th r n- n " nd v tr l b t n r v l d tr n " th t n n d - n nt nd St n r d n t d j - t f h h n t t ll l r t th t t t t v r pl t d t r th th r d n t t l r th r h th t tr l pr d d r h t v nt nd d t r n d t t- h th r n th r l th t ll f r r t r d n th n th pr v d — h tr th "d ht r f p l t v l h " (p 9 ; h tr r d tr r l pr bl t n th th rd h p- n l ttl r th n " rv n b rd n t d t r "A S n f r f r " n d - n nt nd t ph nd n th rv f b l nd nd tr " St n r d r b r "th nt r f E r p n h - pp r ntl th n d nt t f t n (p 53 ; nd "t - tr " n 1 b t th v l ttl nd t n th t th d p r t pp r t b th pr r t v f ph " nt r v r v d d r n th 19th nt r h h p- r th r th n h tr (p 5 t r pr nt n nt r t n v rv pr r l f r n h h tr th h K lé M nd l v nd r d d In dd t n t t t nt th t r p n t d b t fl t r f f t p h r l f r - th b nt n t t nt th t r t n n f t- d t p l ntr b t n t l tr h tr r lt " p l n r t d l tr t d n j r l t d h l nt rpr t t n f th b tt r th n- d " (p 1 ; nd "W ll t n pr f rr d t d t r- tr d t n f th t r " n d " nd " th d " nd th n ll th v l nt ht n r l t n h p t th l f l tr l h th r t h t r d b n t O = 1 " (p 117 h r r l t t nt l tr h tr n l ttl v r h lf p l th n th h n n n t r d l pp r nt t —" t l- l t r r t h t r " (p 31 ; h l - ll t Ch (1999 71
br "th t t n h h th r t nd ff n t r All t ld th r n t l t th t r nd A lt n l z r [ nd] n l n r pr v l d t t t r f Ch tr t xt f r nd r r d t r b t nl th t t t h h rr v r bl pr l d" n th h t r f n r f r " d r n npr f n l (p 9 ; nd " f th t v t n h tr b r p bl " n bl rb n th d t j t t h b tr t t l t nd t p b rd n t n t ph - t xt r ph l ph ll pl x b t th l l " (p 1 n t r f h t r r ph th th d l nd th nd nd b f h t ll th f h p tp rr f t p n Ch pt r 5 d n t pr - h t r n h r t h t r f h tr h r v d r pr nt t v p t r f th- nt r h tr n t f r th n ph t r th n r l t In t d th th r l t t p th t t nd t b ll d th ph nd th pp rt th r v th t " h - n d - n nt nd St n r l rl nt nd th r tr t b nd f ppl d ph " (p 5 h t r f h tr t b pr v t v nd t b t t r x pl th n l d d n f th r t ppr pr t f r r d r h r lr d f l r f Il r n n nn t n th n n l br th th bj t h nd v d l n rt nl pr f t t nd d p t v tr t r h h r n p r- fr th p rt l r h t r h th r th r p th t t nt b t n r p t f nt p r r h tr - t p t d rn t r d n f h t r r n t h b th r th n r l l t f r f r n n r f tn t t n r f nd nt l nd d t n t n h h p bl t n f r n n t v n Ord r O t f Ch h ll n h t th h t r l b nt t r - x n (19 h h h - th r d th I b ll St n r th r v nd tt t d b t th h t r f th r n h r r th r n nd n r rr r n th n Ch tr h ldn t v r b th h r f r n ll rd E. nd nn A. Ch rb nn , G n r l Ed t n r r , M d n Un v r t , rr nb r , A 2280 .
h M n f th Ch t: h S l t r f Ch t ph l ph l f t r n nd tr n r lt r tr n E r p , 8 4. v d Kn ht nd l h pr b h h th t pl n l p r- Kr h Ed C br d Un v r t r C br d t nt th n th nt ll t l d v l p nt f h l th r 199 xx + 353 pp $ h M n f th Ch t, th r lt f E r - On f th t n t bl h r t r t f n p n S n nd t n pr r n th Ev l t n f d r n th n n t nth nt r th n r n tr nd t - Ch tr pr v d f r t t p t rd nd r t nd n rd pr f n l z t n h r t r z d b th nt n- h nd h h tr r d pr f n d r n v tr n n f t d nt t l v n n p f th n n t nth nt r h th r n t f b th pr - nt f d pl n In th r rd h tr n f n l h t r n f n nd h t h v l- x pt n nd nd r t nd n h nd h th pr nt n n pr f b Kn ht nd n ft r rd f pr f n l z t n t pl n f th r n- b Kr h d v d d nt thr r p f E r p n tr n t n n th h t r f h tr E rl n ntr h t p nd r t nd bl v n t th n n t nth nt r th r r nt ll n "pr - th " hr " r n ( rt l G r n ( r- f n l" h t nd th h pr t d h t t l nd r t n (3 rt l h r nd r v r ll h tr r d d t d t r r pl d n th " nd t r" ntr (It l Sp n l- d l r ph r t l h l d- nt r Ir l nd S d n nd f n ll th n th "p r ph- t d nt r n l n r tr n d n h tr f r nd - r " ( n r / r rt l Gr th n v d l tr d b t " h t " nd th t tr n n b - nd l nd Alth h n rl ll th rt l r v l - r r bl n f r " r f n l" h t r bl n f r th r nt th r n f h tr v r h r p n h r f h tr n n v r- n th n l t d "p r ph r l" ntr th tr n t 72 Bull. Hist. Chem. 24 (1999)
contributions are those by Ernst Homburg on fhe many as to what that training entailed. A common theme is contexts of the emergence of the German chemical pro- the tendency of nearly all countries by mid-century to fession in the first half of the nineteenth century, Nathan emulate the model of the teaching laboratory at the Ger- Brooks on the emergence of academic chemical pro- man universities begun by Friedrich Stromeyer at fession in Russia, and Kostas Govraglu on the cultural Göttingen and made spectacularly successful by Justus and intellectual issues facing natural philosophers and von Liebig in GieBen. Also clear is that, although Ger- chemists in nineteenth century Greece. Colin Russell's many lagged behind France (where, Crosland reminds chapter on chemistry in Sweden seems curiously out of us, in the early century chemistry was second only to place in the context of the volume, as it merely recounts mathematics in prestige) and Britain in the training and the discoveries made by Swedish chemists and neglects practice of chemistry, within the space of 50-60 years, the issues of professionalization altogether. The two it surpassed both of these countries to become the un- most glaring omissions among European countries are disputed leader in the practice of chemistry and in chemi- the Netherlands and Switzerland, and it is not obvious cal education. why they were not included. The issues involved in understanding the process Despite the wide range of countries covered, there of professionalization are extraordinarily complex, in- are remarkable similarities in the professionalization volving broad cultural, intellectual, and political issues of chemists during the nineteenth century. There was that are unique to each country. This volume offers an everywhere a tension between practical and academic excellent overview of the issues historians must face chemistry, and chemistry as a science emerged only when confronting the problem of characterizing the na- slowly from medicine and pharmacy. Training of chem- ture of professionalization in chemistry specifically and ists took place at both the universities and the technical the sciences in general during the nineteenth century. institutes, and there was always a tension between them Peter J. Ramberg, Max-Planck Institute for the History of Science, Wilhelmstraße 44, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
The Aspiring Adept: Robert Boyle and His Alchemical as an irrational enterprise undertaken by "unenlightened" Quest. Lawrence M. Principe, Princeton University people in a "pre-scientific" age. For this reason New- Press, Princeton, NJ, 1998, xiv + 222 pp. Cloth, $45. ton and Boyle have long been considered to have been "above" the practice of alchemy. According to Principe, Over twenty years ago, B. J. T. Dobbs argued in this unfortunate consequence has its roots in two histo- The Foundations of Newton's Alchemy that Isaac New- riographic mistakes: 1) the tendency to regard Boyle and ton was deeply involved in alchemical practice. In do- Newton as "modern scientists" and therefore read their ing so, Dobbs brought to light a major aspect of work as "precursors" to our own ideas about nature, and Newton's life (he wrote over a million words on al- 2) a general lack of understanding of (admittedly ex- chemy, far more than he wrote in physics) that previ- tremely difficult) alchemical theory and practice, spe- ous biographers had considered "embarrassing" and cifically the tendency to lump "alchemy" into a single attempted to explain away. In Aspiring Adept, Principe monolithic philosophy of nature. One of Principe's most draws on extensive, previously unexamined archival valuable contributions in this book is to initiate a re- sources to reveal that Robert Boyle, long considered to casting of "alchemy" into several different activities, and be the "Father of Modem Chemistry," was as thoroughly to illustrate the subtlety of the relationships between al- involved in alchemy as his younger colleague Newton. chemy and religion. In order to avoid confusion over The resulting book is of remarkable significance for the meaning of the terms "alchemy" and "chemistry," our understanding of Boyle's place in seventeenth-cen- which shifted enormously in their meanings both dur- tury science and within the history of chemistry. ing and after the seventeenth century, he reintroduces Alchemy as an historical human activity has all the archaic term "chymistry," to mean the sum total of too often been relegated to pseudoscience and treated chemistry/alchemy in the seventeenth century, and re- ll t Ch (1999 73
v v th Gr t r " hr p " f r th t p f r d nt t G l l n-t p d l b t n t f h tr n rn d th tr n t t n nd r p f h t d n th x t n f th ph - " p r " t r f r t th dr n t f nt l pr n- l ph r t n A th Dialogue pr d l l v pl f r l t r r b n t n nd p r f t n n d bt th t th r p f h t d f nd n th ph l ph r t n rr t h Dialogue j r r n p b n th th r h x n t n f r ff r n r l n ht nt th nd f l h - h t r l p rtr l f l b nn n th th l- l p r t th t nt r t d l Ch pt r f r l t l t n f h p p r n th v nt nth nt r r th r l f "tr n t t n l h t r " r nt f n ft r l d th n 1 91 l l h l tr n t t n b v r l h l d pt ( tr v- r r n r d nd f r tt n n th r t n f h l n fr t n t t n th t b f thr h- ll t d r n th tt pt t t h "r t - t E r p It l r th t l d r tl tn d n l" th n r l t n n pp t n t l h h tr n t t n v r l t nd t v l p r d h h v n b th rl ht nth nt r h d t nd ld p f r l h l n l d fr th b v d " rr t n l" nd p t Ev r n l d pt th t t h tt nt n In h pt r f v r n p h b n tr pp d f h f h v nt nth- nt r d n tr t th t l h lf tt pt d t n v r d nt t nd t p bl " n h d f h t " th r t f th d pt b th n h nt n v t d f h h d " t l" l h f r th h n l th t ph r l nd r t v t xt f hr p l- ph l ph th d-t nt th nt r th v f h nd b h n l b r t r xp r nt S - l " d rn" nt t nt n d n th r f n f ntl l n hr p nd p r n - M r ll r bl th t nfl nt l l r pt r r tt n n t f ft n pl d h l r f th d-t nt th nt r h tr t d l th t h d d n t n th r nt xt In rd r t h pr l d t v r In n n htf l t ph r v n l nt n nt r t n xp r nt l hr p b r n p th r lt n n pt n f l n t r n p tr l f rt - r t d nt d n f " v nt nth nt r n t r l ph l ph r b t b th r h v l nd pr nt d r f r th ph l ph l [ f] h l hn th pt t " r r n d d f r pr p r n th ph l ph r t n nn n h t d f l pr p r r n p t rn In th l t h pt r r n p t thr t v - f r t t n n l f th Sceptical Chemist, n f th t n f r l nt n nt r t n l h h f r t t f nd d ff lt b n th h t r f h - h t ld ll nt f — h tr v l f r tr h f f th Sceptical Chemist h pr v - f rth r n th pr t f n t r l ph l ph A th l r t d l l n th v r h rt p t d n ph l ph r t n l ff r d th pr f " n - ndl h t r f h tr n h h l d n n v r l d n " l f nd d l r n f r p r- th d f n t n f h l l nt Wh l t h l n n l h h t t rtl n t v t n r n p b n n n th t th p d d n t n f t d n th n v r h v r th r l f th ph l ph r t n x t n f l nt th b h l h p d n nt r d r b t n th rp r l nd p r t l th r t n f h t r n r n p pr v d th f r t rld If d l b l v d th t th t n ld th r h h t r l n l f th r nt f nd - ttr t n l Wh l t f r t th ld nd f nt t d n f r th Sceptical Chemist nd r th t l nd nb l v bl th b l f n f t t t th r l d r t d t n t t rd " l h t " p r b t t rd t n nt r t n th t ll nt n t r l f p f r p f h t th r l n h t nd rp l r ph l ph nd Chr t n th l A t t z r h tt pt d t r t nt r h l d v t d Chr t n l f lt p ll d t r f t th t n th b f nl f b rv t n It th t pl t n f th h n l ph l ph nd d v l n t r j t n f l h C n rr nt th t nd r t nd h th n rp r l rld f th n l r n p n l th r n t n th t h t ld nt r t nd nt rv n th th ph l rld r p b l n d t n d ff r nt h l ; t p - bl t t r z th t th r v n th r hl r n tr t d l d - v t d l h t nt n l nt r t d n th hr p h n xt thr h pt r r d v t d t h n th t rt r n p t v t t r th n h pl n v n- l n dd t n t n t r j t n l h t v l t nth- nt r n If h n t th " th r f M d- br d t r t n tr t th l h l t f rn Ch tr " h l p rt nt? htl rr p nd n t v l th pr t n l h t nd r n p d n t d rd th p rt n f l b pr t n l h t lf Ch pt r thr ntr d th d n n nt r l h nfl n n l t r n r t n b t Dialogue on Transmutation, fr nt r np bl h d 7 ll t Ch (1999
ttr b t th pp r nt nfl t b t n l d- In th nd h ld n t b t rpr d th t l rn nd l th l h t pr v d f n f nt r t d n l h Aft r ll l n h t r n t th t h t n th v nt nth n- f th v nt nth nt r p r d n h h l h - t r p d p t f b th rth r b l l pr t fl r h d b f r t d pp r d n th h- rp l r n l l t lf d r v d fr th l- t nth nt r n rl ll j r n t r l ph - h l tr d t n t n d r th d v l p nt l ph r n th v nt nth nt r En l nd— - f h tr n th v nt nth nt r r v l t n- t n A h l St r n th r — r r th n r v l t n r nt n l nv lv d n l h h ld b r r- n t nv lv d n l h - h r r thr pp nd nt n n pr v l pr d t f nd th t l A p r n Ad pt r h r th t h ld np bl h d l h l r f l h f r t nd l p r t h n th pr nt l n h t r f h - l r t pp nd x th xt nt t n t xt f th l tr r r th nt r t d n th h t r f l- n r n t t n, r n tr t d b r n p fr h th r l t n h p b t n " h tr " nd " l- t nt -thr x t n r h v l fr nt th n En- l h tr n l t n n f n p App nd x n- h " th r n f th f r r fr th l tt r r t n th r nt f tr n t t n bt n d b l th pl f l n th S nt f v l t n t r - t r . b r , M x l n In t thr h nt rv nd pr f t l th r r d r d n hr p r h f ll t xt h v n t rv v d t t f r th t r f S n , W lh l tr ß 44, h th rd pp nd x nt n d l n th nv r- 0 rl n, G r n . t n th n l d d b th ph l ph r t n
W n n Ch tr : h r Ch n n l fr Al ll f h n h v b n l t Alth h h l t th M d nt th C nt r . M r l n th th r d n x ll nt j b f pr nt n br d nd G ffr n r-C nh A r n Ch l S - p tr f n h t th t d t t th t nd th Ch l r t nd t n W h n - nd f th b "It nf rt n t th t h v l ttl t n C 199 x v + pp rd v r ( p t r rd f th f l n f th nd v d l " In p t f $3 95 th d n th th r h v d n f nt n- tr b t n t th h t r f n n h tr h d r r nv r bl rpr d n n nt r n h v ntr d d t n p rt nt n h - b b t th h t r f n n n b th t nd p d r nt r t n l rn n v n r b t n b r f n h h v d n f nt ntr b - th r p r n l nd pr f n l l v ll b t t n t th t h tr ph nd th b - h th nt r t d th th r nt p r r - l l n Aft r r d n b t th n nt t pl h nt h v r th r d r ft n d p- p nt d b th p t f nf r t n v l bl n b th h n r-C nh r n th f lt f S r th r p r n l nd pr f n l l v A n b th t W lfr d Gr nf ll C ll f ndl nd C n d tt pt t f ll th v d r ntl p bl h d b th h r M r l n b r t r In tr t r n h A r n Ch l S t nd th Ch l r t nd G ffr r f r f Ch tr h pr v - nd t n Wr tt n b f nd h b nd t th l ll b r t d n A v t n t h r S n : n r-C nh l t t b W n n Ch tr : n r W n f d t v t , p l t n f th l v h r Ch n n l fr Al h l t th M d nd r f 3 n r r h r h d ntr - nt th C nt r , nt n n 7 p f t xt nd 5 b t n t th n f ld f r d h tr nd n l r p f r f r n nd n t ntr d th r d r t ph n th rl p rt f th t nt th nt r h r r th n 1 f l h t nd ph t b n Bull. Hist. Chem. 24 (1999) 75 extensive research into the history of women in science f th 1 th nt r Q n El z b th I r n t t d th uniquely equips them to tackle a book of this scope. pl t b n n n t n v r t nd d th rd r th t d l b b nt n d n r t n n They begin the book with women who developed rd r th t b rv d t Oxf rd nd C br d Un - methods for extraction and distillation of plant com- v r t nt l 1 pounds in Mesopotamia r nd 1 C nd nd th n f th th nt r h d d th r n f nt r W n h t n th 1 th nd 19th nt r r b f r 195 Alth h n f th n r l n d d v d d nt t r p h t- t nt f th r n h t p rt nt nt f d v r n t nl l n nd nd p nd nt r r h r A b r ph l b t nd p f th r nd v d l xp r n h v b n t h f M r Ann lz - v r (1735-1 pr rv d t h lp nd r t nd nd ppr t b th th r n f th t t f n n th nt r b It v r tr l nd th r ntr b t n th n -f t d l f f th r r bl n h t v l p rt p t d n th ntr v r l nt f nd h th r t t d p r p t v n pr nt n th r p l t l v nt f h r t t n h r f h - t r l t "pr v d th nt xt r r d b n b nd v r nt l h d p t t d d r n th r n h h t r n " r th r th n pl t r nt th b r ph v l t n S v r l f h r nt p r r r l n- f nd v d l f l h t h rt nl f l t n d b t th r n d n f th r nfl n n ppr h p ll n d r n th j r nfl n th t h th r lth h th r l t rt nl - t ll lt r l nd h t r l v nt x rt nt d I th r rd l nt n th p nt? h r d r n th pr t f n h h t r l nt xt d - ld l t n A n th nd p nd nt r r h r v d d th b pr r nt thr j r bd - h d n t rth ntr b t n El z b th pl n f h tr n h h n r p rt l rl lh (l t 17 h r d t d th th f r t r - t v n th th nt r r t ll r ph r d t v t rd d xp r nt n ph t h l n th f r t nd b h tr A h pt r n n ntr b t n pr p l f t - t p h l r t n nd th f r t t nd tr l h tr n l t l h tr nd h - p bl h d n pt f t l t pr Sh l t d l d t n nd h t r n f h tr f ll d rr p nd n b r f th Ch l S t f b f n l h pt r th t dr n r l b rv t n h l d lph nd h r d v r r n l d d b nd n l n b t n h t n th th n- l d n h t n b th th U S nd E r p At b t t r th t n M r t (17 9-1 5 r t h r p p - d n th h t r l- nt xt ppr h th f r t l r b f r n l d nt tl d Conversations on h pt r ff r br f v rv f n h t pr r Chemistry, h h nt thr h 1 d t n n r t n nd t th S nt f v l t n (pr - ht nth nt r 3 pr n n th U S Oth r p rt nt b r f h n r ll t v l r f rr d t l h t th r p f " t r h t " r l n Abb tt lth h th d d v r f l t n nt f - M h l nd A n l h n t ll - p rt n t h h th r n r t ll tt h d A n t d th p rt nt r lt f h r ll-d nt d x- th M r br h l v d nd r d n Al x- p r nt rr d t n h r t h n h h ntr b t d ndr d r n th rl nt r A r n - t th r n f rf n rt l z d b h r nv nt n f th h t n nd d t ll n A th th nt r b n t h h r d - pp r t ll d th balneum Mariae, r t r b th— t n b th f r n p rt p t n n h - th r n h bain Marie nd th G r n Marienbad— tr n r h p n d th d r f r n n l d d h h h d l p n nt th t r t n ld b Ell n S ll h rd (1 -1911 t M h tt b rv d th t nt rr pt n h n f n b r In t t t f hn l nd h l l d (1 39-19 f Ch n f l l h t h v l rv v d h v h r v d h r h n r h S tz rl nd nd r - th f h hl d t d bb h l ft r tt n - t rn d t th U S t h r r pr f r nd nt f th r nt f ntr b t n d d r n th r r h r t th Un v r t f br r nt n r A h r t n f v r l E r p n n h (1 53-1915 f ll d ll-tr v l d p th fr h - h d p l n f r h tr ( r l h d r n th 1 th tr t h n nd r r h nt r r n d n t nd 17th nt r pr v d t nt l z n l p nt th 7 Alth h th r n f rth r nt n f n h fr tr t n th t th n f lt f r l n v r t d th tr n t n fr h tr nt d n r pr r r t bl h d f r n nl n r n nd x pl r n d bt v l bl nd ld h v d En l nd h n t bl x pt n n It l h r nt r t n r d n n h d t n v r t t th b nn n 7 ll t Ch (1999
h d n f n n r t ll r ph v v r t n St ft r h nd h r h b nd r ll d rv d r d t t W r W r nd rd d th b l r z n 19 7 rn l f r th nt r n pp rt th t th pr v d d In l n f r nf r t n b t th G rv n n nt t r ph l t h f K thl n d l t f th A r n Ch l S t fr th n d l (19 3-1971 b l r z nn r r th l t f 3 nn r b t n 1937 nd 197 l t d n d n (191 -199 nd l nd r n l n (19 - th pp nd x ld h v b n f r t nt r t t n 195 pr v d n v rv f b th x t n d v l p- r d r In p rt l r t ld h v b n ppr pr t t nt n r t ll r ph nd th p rt nt h t r l n l d r M rj r ld h rv d n th f lt f h n t n pl t r t h n v r t d r n th th Un v r t f S th rn C l f rn nd r pr nt th f r t h lf f th th nt r p rt l rl pp l- ll b t p rt nt n b r f n h t h n ph t r ph f d n nd r n l n n r pr f r t j r n v r t h r n br f n r x ll nt dd t n t th t xt A n b r f r f r n t n ntr b t n t t h - th r f l r t ll r ph r r br fl nt n d tr n th b r ph f l r n E W ll (1 93-19 C pl t n th h pt r h ld t v t th r d r t r l t n f t r n z d xt n n f nd rt r h f r r nf r t n b t th h tr nd n n h h n h v d j r f n t n nd p rt nt f l r t ll r ph r ; d- ntr b t n n l d n th f th f nd - d t n l nf r t n t f nd nd ll rth th f l Afr n-A r n ntr pr n r M d C ff rt W l r (1 7-1919 Alth h n t tr n d h t h nt f n n r d t v t d n t d h d rv r n t n f r h r r n l f r l t n b M r S l d C r (19 7-193 nd h r d h- f pr d t n th nd tr t r Ir n l t-C r (1 97-195 h b th n th A h t r f n n h tr ld n t b - b l r z n Ch tr f r th r ntr b t n t th pl t th t n l d n th ntr b t n t th b r n n f ld f r r h h r l f t r r l- h l d t n f n d b É rr C n r d f l r t n r d r b t f th r l- (1 -197 h p r n ll r p n bl f r t b- l h v l n n nn t d M r n ht nt l h n t M nt l C ll n nd r r d t th l v f r n h t Ell n Gl d t h (1 79- h tr d p rt nt h h th l f n n th 19 nd nn h t St f n r v tz (1 7- ntr On f th t r bl t n th n- 19 h v t f th z p r ld h lp t r b th t f rn r t C rr r l r- b l n th r rd S v r l n h r ph - v h r r d "It r t nt p r n h ld t r th r th n h t r l n l d d n th h p- f l t h r h r nth h th r f r n f r t r pr b bl b f th nt rd pl n r n t r f p l t f r h r f l f r p l tr n f r b b ll r n l r n f r th r " M n f th n h r p r n S f th t nt r t n t r l n th b h tr t d n l b th ppr t n t n rn n n b h tr h l v nd - E C rr h n t ll d th t nth f r h - r r h v b n l r t th f n rr ntl tr nd l f n n r l nt h r n t d nt A th r n n th h l pr f n h f nd r f b l th r v f th d d fr 19 t d rn b h tr nd th pr r nt r f r n 195 th p t r f r fr r Aft r t rld r n th f ld G l nd p n f C br d h d p n d d r t ntr -l v l p t n f r n n Un v r t nt rp rt n th U S f tt v rn nt nd tr nd d n f nd th M nd l t Y l Un v r t ; h tr n d 1 h f d r l d j t r l n pp r nt n rld h r n I M bl r (1 9 -19 rd r l d nt v h pr f l p rt - n f M nd l t f f l t d nt nd p t n f r n n h tr t ll h r nd h r l t f p rt nt pl h nt n l d b n th nd h lf f th th nt r h nt n d t th f r t n t h r l l t n ( tr t nd th pr nt n f th h ll n f r n h - f r t n t h r d v n ( v n f l l t On f th v l f r d n th b l n th Ch tr f th A r n Ch l S t th r r d r r l z n th t n n nd h v d t- n n th t r r b l l r t G rtr d t nd n ntr b t n t h tr n p t f th b rr - El n (191 -1999 h r t pr n n t rr h r th t t ll x t t th r f ll p rt p t n n d - W ll nd G rt dn tz C r (1 9 -1957 h pl n n h h nd r d t n t n rt nl h ld h v f n ll d f ll pr f r t W h n t n Un - n pl Bull. Hist. Chem. 24 (1999) 77
This is a book that should be read and retained for for further exploration of the subject. It would be espe- ready reference by anyone interested in the history of cially appropriate for use in a course on the history of women in chemistry. It contains a wealth of well orga- chemistry. Mary E Singleton, 597 Gerard Court, nized information and provides excellent suggestions Pleasanton, CA 94566.
Fritz Haber: Chemiker, Nobelpreistrager, Deutscher, the industrial giant. In spite of this, the author seems to Jude. D. Stoltzenberg, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, present a highly objective picture of Haber, even in in- Weinheim, 1994. xiv + 645 pp. Hardcover, DM 98. stances where he was at odds with Hugo Stoltzenberg. This thoroughly researched, de- The author has taken advan- tailed biography of the Nobel Prize tage of rich sources for this bi- winner Fritz Haber, coming 65 years ography. A major resource is the after his death, is a rich source of archival material at the Max- information, not only about Haber's Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin- life and scientific activities but also Dahlem, consisting of the papers about the climate of chemistry in (Nachlaß) of J. Jaenicke, together Germany before and after World with many other materials he col- War I. It is a welcome resource and lected over a 20-year period, in quite in contrast to the only brief anticipation of the preparation of biography in Énglish [M. Goran, an authoritative biography, which The Story of Fritz Haber, Univer- he never realized. Many other ar- sity of Oklahoma Press, Norman, chival sources are cited, includ- 1967, 176 pp, octavo], in which, ing private papers of Hugo according to Stoltzenberg, much of Stoltzenberg and his wife, now in the anecdotal material, derived from the possession of the author friends and relatives of Haber, is of Dietrich; others in Germany, in- questionable validity. A novel cluding some from the former about Haber by H. H. Wille, Der Ja- DDR; documents from Israel, nus-Kopf, Buch Club 65, Berlin, Cal/Berkeley (Emil Fischer was published in 1970. Fritz Haber Nachlaß), and Cal Tech.; and the autobiography of Charlotte The author, Dietrich Stoltzenberg, born in 1926, was Nathan Haber, Haber's second wife. The author notes trained as chemist at Karlsruhe under Criegee and spent that records of the WWI chemical warfare program were his career in German chemical industry. He is the son either destroyed or may be in archives of the former of Hugo Stoltzenberg, chemist and manufacturer, who Soviet Union. Stoltzenberg spent eight years research- was in close communication with Haber in the early ing the myriad documents for the biography. 1920s, after WW I, in connection with disposal of chemi- cal warfare materials and the building of manufacturing The language of the text is eminently readable for plants in Spain and the Soviet Union, as well as in Ger- a non-German who has the fundamental grasp of the many. The relationship with Haber ended abruptly in language. Sentence structure is straightforward, and the 1925, when, in a confrontation between 1G Farben and text is practically error-free. This reviewer noted only Hugo, Haber withdrew his support of Hugo in favor of 7 ll t Ch (1999 t t p r ph l rr r (pp 3 nd n (p 1 x l d d h f r t f Cl r I r hr h f r th d t (1 91 n t 1 99 f b r pl t n f (Ab fr b n nv lv d n h r r h r t h- th d t r t h b n r l ll tr t d th n t K rl r h ; ft r h r d h r rr d b t d - 93 ph t r ph nl f f l b r nd l- v r d Ch rl tt th n ft r t n r ld t h ld l b r t r fr th th r n ll t n h th n f Cl r tt d d n 19 nd x f r h l n b th n th nl l ttl b r n n t v r r h r nd x ll nt v r 3 ntr "Chl r" b t n t " r " n l d d d n tr t r p l t ll v r ll d nd nt n l d - v n th h b th r n th t xt; nd ntr r v t d t h pr f n A n b r nt f n- nf n ; th h l f r r f r x pl tr b t n th th r d r b n d t l h n f nd nd r " rb nf br n r" nth fr n tr n th d v l p nt f l tr - h b d v d d nt f rt n h pt r h tr nd l n n d d t n t h n- r l t v l h rt d r b n b r f r b r h th tr v r f d thr h h ll- t ff rt t d v l p r d t n nd pr v t f l l f n th h pt r r t l l d nt d n Ch pt r 7 It l d v t d t v r f h K rl r h d h r h d n tr t d h n nt ll f r h nv lv d d v l p d th f x t n f n tr t n; h t b f r nd n nt t fr th K-W In t t t f h ft r WW I d r t r f th In t t t f r h l Ch - rv d n p r n t t t n t d n- tr nd El tr h tr t th K r-W lh l In t - n t A n th hn G r r n t t n rl n; h r l n h l rf r n WW W l nd r dländ r nd r ndl h Ev r n f th I; nd th rd n f th b l r z n 191 h K-W h l n t t t d v t d f ll t th r th r n l d th th p r n f h nt t ff rt x pt th hn/M tn r r d r r h pr - fr b r n t t t nd l h r n G r n h r Ev n W rb r l l In t t t t n r n t n n O t b r 1933 nd h d th fr h rt v r Y t th r pr d d h l h d d n x- d n n r 193 t n v r r h pr r f r th f p n n p t ntr l; h lt n l t rn d h tt nt n t St ltz nb r h pr d d r h d nt r f th n f t r f n tr t f rt l z r fr n b r nd h r b t h h l d d n p nt n r n l l th E l h r v r d pt v v d p t r f th n h r d r l rn th t b r t ll b r t n th G r n h l nd tr n ll th h ld f "r l x d " v nt ll b pt z d th nd v r b r b n d b h h - Chr t n v r th l l G r n nd nl l rf r r p n b l t t th n l t f h f l nd r l rl l v f l p tr nd fr nd nd n rl r r r h nt r t In th nd dr r d ll p r p d b f n - p r d ft r WWI b r p n t n d h t n th n t p h tr l b r t r n th nt th r nd d r t d r r h pr r - h r Wh n h f th r f rb d t h n l ll d rd n l Y t h ld b nt f ll n ïv v n h p n th n l rt r A n v r t t - pp rt t pr j t n xtr t n ld fr t r nd d nt h f n t d th n pt f d t n- tr n f r n r r nt ld t r h b lv d h - n d l r l nd l xpr d lf f n d nt t th th l tt r p t n th th p d nt t h n h xp r n d br fl n d lb r nd r n n th n 7 r ld St ltz nb r h pl h d h t n - b r r p t d h ll thr h t h l f nd p r d t d t th h h t p bl h l rl l v l M r nt n d r r d r th h t d nt thr h th n j t r f ll d nt d b r ph th nt r l rl pl nn d ll nd l v nt pr v d n ht nt th nt f l nd p l t l W ll tätt r h l f -l n l t fr nd rr - v nt n G r n n th f r t rt r f th th n- p nd d f l rl th E n t n f r rt n p r d f t r t r n n d l d v r d pl n ll r - t b f r WW I Al pr l f rr p nd nt h n z t n nv l bl d nt An bbr v t d t p d p tr t t th n M h d t n n En l h ll b p bl h d b th Ch l f th rr p nd n r pr d d n th t xt Y t r t nd t n n Paul R. Jones, Depart- b r n t p rt l rl d v t d f l n ment of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109- 1005 .