Index

A Ϫ Widmark’s formula 61 Angiography 178, 252, 367 Aspergillosis 507 Aagenaes type 233, 665 Alcohol dehydrogenase 62, 94, Angiolipoma 760 AST (GOT) 96 Abdominal baldness 80, 86 523 Angiomyolipoma 760 Asterixis 274 Abdominal wall varices 256 Alcohol injection, percutane- Angiosarcoma 793 Asteroid bodies 764 Abdominoscopy 149 ous 784, 801 Anorectal varices 256 Atransferrinaemia 618 Abetalipoproteinaemia 599 Alcoholic fatty liver 529 Antibiogram 304 Atrial natriuretic factor 293 Acamprosat 536 Alcoholic foamy degeneration Antibodies 117, 118, 237, 552, Atrophy, liver 78, 377 Acanthosis nigricans 619 530 679 Atrophy, testicular 86 Ϫ Accessory lobe 15 Alcoholic hyaline 525 antihistone 121, 524, 619 Australian antigen 113, 414 Ϫ Aceruloplasminaemia 618 Alcoholic liver disease 520 antinuclear 118, 657, 679 Autoimmune cholangitis 659 Ϫ Ϫ Ϫ Acetaldehyde 64 clinical features 529 antiribosomal P 654 morphology 660 Ϫ Ϫ Ϫ Acetic acid injection 784 diagnostic markers 534 granulocytes 121, 657 therapy 660 Ϫ Ϫ Acholic stool 240, 420 morphology 524 liver-kidney microsomes Autoimmune hepatitis 678 Ϫ Ϫ Aciclovir 465, 855 pathogenesis 527 119, 679 aetiopathogenesis 678 Ϫ Ϫ Ϫ Acid-base metabolism 59 therapy 536 liver membrane 119, 679 morphology 682 Ϫ Ϫ Acidophilic bodies 400 Alcoholism 521 mitochondria 120, 644 therapy 684 Ϫ Ϫ Acinus 9, 10, 22, 23 diagnostic markers 534 smooth muscle 117, 679 Autoimmune polyendocrine Ϫ Ϫ Acrodermatitis papulosa 84 physical dependence 520 soluble liver protein 120, syndrome 681 Ϫ Actin filament 27 psychological dependence 679 Azathioprine 650, 652, 685, Actinomycosis 482 520 Antidiuretic hormon 293 856 Ϫ Activity, enzymatic 110, 724 types 521 Anti-GOR 121, 443, 681, 700 Azotaemia 326 Ϫ histological 121, 695 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 64, Antioxidants 67, 68, 537 Azure lunulae 613 Ϫ immunological 121 524 Antipyrine test 96 Aldolase 94 Antiquity 2 Ϫ mesenchymal 110, 112, 724 B Acute fatty liver, pregnancy Aldolase A 778 Antithrombin III 105, 345 Ϫ 589 Aldosterone 292, 293 concentrate 347 Bacterial cholangitis 639 Acute heart insufficiency 827 Aldosteronism 267, 270, 293 Antral vascular ectasia 348, Bacterial infections 361, 380, Acute leukaemia 812 Alemtuzumal 817 736 383, 731 Acute liver failure 376, 550 Algorithmic diagnostics 121 Apolipoproteins 44, 526, 535 Bacterial pathogens 474 Acute viral hepatitis 112, 404, Alkaline phosphatase 101 APOLT 387, 876 Bacterial peliosis hepatis 398 413 Allgoewer-Burri index 399 Apoprotein B 599 Bacteriocholia 577, 638, 639 Ϫ history 413 Allopurinol, test 594 Apoptosis 21, 230, 400 Balloon dilatation 659, 832 Ϫ morphology 414 Alpha-antichymotrypsin 593 APUD cells 21, 794 Balloon tamponade 358 Addiction memory 520 Alpha-antitrypsin 591, 665 Arenavirus 468 Ϫ Linton-Nachlas 358, 359 Addictive substances 523 Alpha-foetoprotein 106, 444, Arginine deiminase 786 Ϫ Sengstaken-Blakemore 358, Adefovir 704 778 Arias syndrome 221 359 Adenocarcinoma 789 ALT (GPT) 96 Aristoteles 6 Ballooned hepatocytes 395, Adenoma 132, 173, 180, 194, Alzheimer glia type II 269 Aromatic amines 569 525, 530, 546 548, 754 Amanita phalloides 378, 383, Aromatic amino acids 38, 267, Banti’s syndrome 247 Adenovirus hepatitis 467 571 729 BCLC classification 781 Adhesiolysis 152 Amantadine 444, 708, 855 Arsenic 173, 564, 569 Beef-like cells 476 Adhesion 151 Amino acids 38, 39, 267 Arterial ligation 315 Benfotiamine 536 Adrenalectomy 315 Ϫ aromatic 38, 267, 729 Arterial bruit 87 Bengal rose 131iodine test 110 Adult polycystic disease 664, Ϫ classification 38, 39 Arteriography 179 Benign recurrent cholestasis 761 Ϫ imbalance 267, 729 Arteriohepatic dysplasia 664 233 Adult Still’s disease 819 Aminopyrine 14C breath test Arterioportal fistula 246, 834 Benign tumours 409, 548, 752 Aerobilia 642 109 838 Ϫ classification 752 Aetiocholanolone fever 379, Ammonia 56, 107, 251, 266, Arthropathy 622 Benzpyrene 570 738 276, 859, 861 Ascaris lumbricoides 492 Berlin-blue reaction 50, 619, Aflatoxin 507, 565, 570 Ϫ detoxification 38, 57, 58 Ascites 7, 79, 131, 290, 381, 621 African iron overload 627 Ϫ glutamine cycle 58 733, 869 Beta blocker 359 African sleeping sickness 492 Ϫ metabolism 56 Ϫ bacterial peritonitis 302 Betaine 868 Agent orange 568 Ϫ neurotoxicity 56 Ϫ differential diagnosis 299, Bezafibrate 650 Alagille’s syndrome 664 Ϫ tolerance test 107, 725 301 Bicarbonate neutralization 58, Albumin 105, 308, 329 Amoebiasis 486 Ϫ lymph cysts 291, 292 59 Ϫ gradient 300 Ϫ abscess 193, 488 Ϫ lymph imbalance theory Ϫ acid-base metabolism 59 Alcohol 55, 59, 247, 520 Ϫ amoeboma 487 294 Ϫ metabolic acidosis 58 Ϫ abstinence 532, 536, 740 Amyloidosis 84, 477, 592 Ϫ overflow theory 294 Ϫ metabolic alkalosis 59 Ϫ abuse 520, 626 Anabolism 46 Ϫ refractory 310 Bifidum milk 279 Ϫ addiction 520 Anabolite 542 Ϫ sonography 131, 298 Bile 10, 37 Ϫ biochemical effects 522 Anamnesis 76 Ϫ surgical procedures 315 Ϫ canalicular 37 Ϫ blood concentration 61 Anasarka 289 Ϫ underfill theory 294 Ϫ ductular 37 Ϫ catalase 64 Anatomia Mundini 8 Ϫ vasodilation theory 294 Ϫ salts 36 Ϫ malate-aspartate cycle 63 Andersen’s disease 596 Asiaglycoprotein receptor 119, Bile acids 10, 35, 101, 236 Ϫ MEOS 63, 523 Androgens 46 679 Ϫ function test 101

893 Index

Ϫ pool 36 Brimstone fibrosis 406, 479 Catalase reaction 67 Ϫ direct 183, 642 Bile drainage 642 Bromocriptine 281 Catechin 868 Ϫ indirect 183 Bile droplets 546 Bromopyruvate 786 Cat-scratch fever 398, 482 Cholangitis 638 Bile duct papillomatosis 763 Bromsulphthalein test 110 Caudate lobe 14, 16, 127, 130, Ϫ acute 640 Bile infarct 230 Bronchial varices 257 829, 830 Ϫ aetiology 639 Bile pigments, urine 110 Bronze diabetes 84, 617, 622 Cavernous haemangioma 174, Ϫ ascending 638 Ϫ urinary dipstick 100 Brown atrophy 588 177, 180 Ϫ autoimmune 659 Bile thrombi 229, 546 Brucellosis 480 Cavernous transformation Ϫ chronic 640 Bile-duct adenoma 763 B-symptomatology 816 130, 245, 835 Ϫ chronic non-suppurative de- Bilharziosis 496 Budd-Chiari syndrome 130, Cavography 183 structive 645 Biliary atresia 662 193, 249, 548, 570, 813, Cell death 400, 401 Ϫ descending 638 Biliary 646, 717, 721 814, 830 Ϫ programmed 400 Ϫ morphology 641 Ϫ Biliary hamartoma 763 clinical findings 830 Ϫ provoked 400 Ϫ parasitic 639 Ϫ Biliary leakage 158, 194 morphology 830 Cell hydrops 25, 210, 395, 525 Ϫ tuberculous 477 Biliary pneumonia 475 Budesonide 686 Cell nucleus 25 Cholate stasis 229 Bull’s eye phenomenon 135, Biliary steatorrhoea 240 Cellular polarization 21 Choledochal cyst 175 779 Biliary system 18 Cellular transport processess Cholehepatic shunt 36, 858 Ϫ Bunyavirus 468 biliferous ductule 18 69 Cholelithiasis 640, 657, 738 Ϫ Bupleurum 553, 705, 868 canaliculus 18 Celsus 6 Ϫ -calcium pigment Ϫ Burkholderia pseudomallei cholangiole 18 Central hepatic 17, 22 640 Ϫ 482 choledochus 6, 18 Central hyaline fibrosis 407 Chole´mie simple familiale 221 Ϫ Bush pattern 780 common hepatic duct 18 Central vein lobule 22 Cholestasis 194, 228, 526, 533, Biliary varices 257 Butterfly sign 84, 647 Byler’s disease 234 Centrilobular perivenular fi- 546, 656 Biliorenal syndrome 642 brosis 407, 526 Ϫ bile acids 9, 10, 35, 101, Bilirubin 11, 33, 99, 217 Centrocytic lymphoma 818 Ϫ 236, 579 bilirubin-albumin complex C Cerebral functions 260, 264 Ϫ bile infarct 230 33 Cerebral oedema 379, 384 Ϫ bile lake 230 Ϫ conjugated 217 Caffeine elimination test 109 Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome Ϫ bile thrombi 229 Ϫ delta 34, 99, 217 CAGE test 534 234, 603 Ϫ biliary steatorrhoea 240 Ϫ direct 34, 99 Calcareous foci 765 Cerebrotendinous xanthoma- Ϫ bilirubinostasis 228 Ϫ indirect 34, 99 Calcium homoeostasis 402 tosis 599 Ϫ cholate stasis 229 Ϫ shunt bilirubin 33 Campylobacter colitis 481 Ceroid 397, 415, 588 Ϫ Bilirubinostasis 228, 229, 396 enzymatic markers 101, 236 Cancer umbilicus 796 Ceruloplasmin 50, 611, 614 Ϫ Bilirubinuria 100 feathery degeneration 230, Candidosis 507 Cestodes 497 Biliverdin 11, 33 236, 416, 546 Capacity for work 881 Chagas’ disease 492 Ϫ Bioartificial liver systems 386 Ϫ intrahepatic 229, 230 guidelines for evaluation Chameleon phenomenon 134 Ϫ Biotoxometabolite 52, 55, 63, liver cell rosette 229, 401, 882 Charcot’s triad 640 416, 682 377, 542, 565 Ϫ reduction in earning capac- Check-list 75, 77, 88, 552, 724 Ϫ malabsorption 240, 741 Biotransformation 52, 53, 236, ity 882 Chemical lesion 54, 55 Ϫ obstructive 228, 230 542 Capecitabin 801 Chemical substances 564 Ϫ pregnancy 232 Ϫ enzyme adaptation 54 Capillaria hepatica 493 Ϫ historical review 564 Ϫ pruritus 85, 232, 235, 241, Ϫ enzyme induction 55 Capillarization, sinusoidal 406, Ϫ morphology 566 650, 658 Ϫ enzyme inhibition 56 526, 720 Ϫ pathophysiology 565 Ϫ scratch marks 85, 232, 235 Ϫ -soluble substances 52 Capillary permeability 291 Ϫ glucuronidation capacity 53 87, 246, 256, Chemoembolization 785 Cholestatic course 416, 421, Ϫ water-soluble substances 52 834 Chemotherapy 786, 791 432, 448, 403 Bipolar probe 351 Carbamoyl phosphate 57 Chenodeoxycholic acid 35, Cholestatic syndrome 533 Black liver jaundice 223 Carbohydrate metabolism 40 599 Cholesterol 10, 35, 45, 102 Black tea 625, 705, 852 Ϫ glucolysis 41 Cherry red spots 354 Cholesterol ester storage 396, Blastomycosis 507 Ϫ gluconeogenesis 41, 46 Chiari’s disease 249, 833 598 Block surgery 363, 870 Ϫ glucose paradox 41 Chiari’s triad 830 Cholestyramine 233, 241, 650 Blood sample collection 91 Ϫ glucose pool 41 Chicken-wire fibrosis 406 Cholic acid 35 Body mass index 588 Ϫ glycogenesis 41 Chilaiditi syndrome 15, 78 Cholinesterase 103 Booster effect 113, 422 Ϫ glycogenolysis 41 Childhood fibropolycystic dis- Chondroma 760 Borreliosis 480 Carbohydrate-deficient ease 683 CHOP 818 Bosentan 338, 736 transferrin 535 Child-Pugh criteria 354, 727, Chromium 51 Boswellinic acids 652, 659, 686 Carbon pigment 397 783 Chronic heart insufficiency Botkin’s disease 413 Carbon tetrachloride 568 Chinese herbs 553 828 Boutonneuse fever 481 Carcinoid 795 Chinese liver fluke 494 Chronic hepatitis 111, 393, Bowel purgation 351 Cardiac cirrhosis 739, 829 Chlamydia 481 613, 692 Brain 200 Cardiovascular diseases 826 Chlorambucil 650 Ϫ clinical findings 697 Ϫ disorders 200 Ϫ morphology 827 Chloroquine 488, 610 Ϫ cryptogenic 682, 696 Ϫ functions 200, 264 Ϫ pathophysiology 826 Cholangiocellularcarcinoma Ϫ extrahepatic manifestations Brain’s reward system 520 Caroli’s disease 174, 662, 762 495, 657, 788 698 Branched-chain amino acids 38, Caroli’s syndrome 762 Ϫ clinical features 790 Ϫ grading 694 39, 267, 268, 280, 329, 729, Carotene jaundice 216 Ϫ morphology 789 Ϫ lobular 692 861 Carrier, chronic, HBsAg 425 Cholangiodysplasia 247, 661 Ϫ minimal 692 Ϫ modes of action 861 Catabolism 46, 729 Ϫ aetiopathogenesis 662 Ϫ morphology 692 Breast-milk jaundice 220 Catabolite 542 Ϫ cholangiogenesis 661 Ϫ necrotizing 692 Bridging necrosis 401 Catalase 64 Cholangiography 183 Ϫ non-viral 693, 696

894 Index

Ϫ persistent 692, 694 Ϫ retrolective 845 Coxsackie hepatitis 467 Ϫ rational 74 Ϫ scoring systems 695 Ϫ retrospective 845 Crane hepatitis 423 Ϫ targets 75 Ϫ septal 692 Ϫ trohoc 845 Crigler-Najjar syndrome 221 Diaita 6 Ϫ siderophile 620 CLIP score 781 Critical flicker frequency 203 Diaplacental infection 382 Ϫ staging 694 Clonorchis sinensis 494 Cross circulation 384 Diazo reaction 99, 217, 219, Chronic hepatitis B 699 Clostridium 481 Cruveilhier-v. Baumgarten dis- 222 Ϫ classification 702 Cluster sign 513 ease 87, 245 Diazoxide 801 Ϫ immunostimulants 705 Coagulation 104, 342 Cruveilhier-v. Baumgarten syn- Dicrocoelium dentriciticum 495 Ϫ morphology 699 Ϫ cascade system 104, 343 drome 87, 130, 155, 245, Diet 741, 771, 850 Ϫ nucleoside analogues 704 Ϫ factors 104 353, 834 Dimethyl sulphoxide 593 Ϫ therapy 702 Coagulation necrosis 400, 717 Cryoglobulinaemia 698 Dioxin 565, 568 Chronic hepatitis C 700 Coagulopathy 342, 382 Cryosurgery 783, 800 Direct bilirubin 34, 99 Ϫ morphology 700 Ϫ DIC 344 Cryptococcosis 508 Disability 882 Ϫ therapy 706 Ϫ fibrinolysis 342 Cryptosporidiosis 489 Disorientation 264 Ϫ triple therapy 708 Ϫ therapy 346 Crystalloid solution 350 Disseminated intravascular Chronic liver insufficiency 381 Cobalt 51 Cupruria 614 coagulopathv 344 Ϫ compensated 381 Coccidioidomycosis 508 Cyclophosphamide 686, 856 Disse’s space 18, 19 Ϫ decompensated 381 Coelioscopy 149 Cyclosporine 650, 686, 732, Disulfiram 523 Ϫ global 381 Cohort 845 856 Diuretics 270, 306, 307 Ϫ partial 381 Colchicine 537, 650, 658, 868 Cynara scolymus 868 Ϫ resistance 308 Ϫ therapy 382, 384 Collagen 404, 416 Cyst 132, 178, 761 Ϫ sequential nephron block- Chronic lymphatic leukaemia Collateral circulation 253 Cystadenocarcinoma 791 ade 308 817 Colliquation necrosis 400 Cystadenoma 762 Ϫ side effects 308 Chronic myeloid leukaemia Colloidosmotic pressure 290, Cystic fibrosis 602 Documentation sheet 275, 813 291 Cystinosis 594 278, 305, 733, 852 Chronic non-suppurative de- Colombi index 105, 344 Cytochrome P-450 53 Dolichol 535 structive cholangitis 643, Colour-encoded duplex sono- Cytomegalovirus 466 Donnan equilibrium 289 645 graphy 137, 726 Cytoplasm 25 Dopamine 268, 329, 384 Churg-Strauss 820 Coma hepaticum 214, 276, Cytoplast 28 Doppler sonography 137, 251 Chvostek’s body type 80 376, 381 Cytoskeleton 27 Doss porphyria 607 Chylomicrons 42 Ϫ check-list 274 Cytosol 25 Double-barrelled-gun phenom- Chylous ascites 300 Ϫ electrolyte coma 376 enon 131, 237 Ϫ Cirrhosis 129, 160, 177, 180, endogenous 277, 376 D Double-flow principle 16 192, 248, 407, 716 Ϫ exogenous 277, 376 Double wheel structure 514 Ϫ aetiology 720 Ϫ profile 274 Dacie’s syndrome 213 Downhill varices 255 Ϫ atrophic 717, 719 Comet-tail phenomenon 513 Dane particle 113 Dropsy 6 Ϫ Child-Pugh 727 Common bile duct 18 Dark liver 129, 623 Drug therapy 853 Ϫ complete 720 Common hepatic 16 Dark liver cell 25 Ϫ efficacy 846 Ϫ cryptogenic 721 Complaints 77, 723, 777 Darlrymple’s sign 86 Ϫ marketability 846 Ϫ decompensation 722, 723 Complete responder 703 Darrow-Yanett principle 289 Ϫ metabolism 828 Ϫ endoscopy 727 Computer tomography 170, Debre’ s syndrome 599 Ϫ placebo 846 Ϫ evaluation programme 744 707, 779 Decholine test 181 Ϫ quality 846 Ϫ hypertrophic 717 Ϫ grew liver 172 Decompensation 381 Ϫ safety 846 Ϫ incomplete septal 718, 720 Ϫ Hounsfield unit 170 Ϫ metabolic 723 Drug-induced liver damage Ϫ laboratory findings 724 Ϫ principle 170 Ϫ portal 381, 722 111, 416, 542 Ϫ laparoscopy 157, 160, 726 Ϫ volumetry 171 Deferoxamine 99, 554, 623, Ϫ clinical aspects 551 Ϫ macronodular 408, 718 Congenital hepatic cyst 132 625 Ϫ idiosyncratic 544 Ϫ micronodular 408, 527, 718 Congenital liver fibrosis 247, Dehydration 289 Ϫ immunological type 544 Ϫ mixed nodular 408, 719 663 Deiodase 51 Ϫ metabolic type 544 Ϫ morphology 717 Congestion index 251 Delta-aminolaevulinic acid 35 Ϫ morphological reactions 544 Ϫ psychological guidance 742 Congestive heart failure 129, Delta-bilirubin 34, 217, 236 Ϫ pathogenesis 543 Ϫ Nagayo type 718 828 Dengue fever 469 Ϫ re-exposure trial 551 Ϫ postdystrophic 408, 720 Congestive fibrosis 829 Dentistry, hepatitis 429 Ϫ withdrawal trial 554 Ϫ smooth 248, 408, 717 Coniothyrium 509 Denver shunt 311 Drumstick fingers 86, 336, 337 Circulating immune complex Conjugated bile acids 35 Deoxycholic acid 36 Dubin-Johnson syndrome 222, 117 Conjugated bilirubin 34, 217, DeRitis quotient 95 421 Cirrhotic glomerular sclerosis 223 Des-γ-carboxyprothrombin Duck hepatitis virus 423 734 Connective tissue 10, 19 725, 739, 779 Ductal plate malformation Clay pipe-stem fibrosis 247, Consensus IFNα 854 Desmopressin 144 662 406, 497 Constrictive pericarditis 832 Desmopressin acetate 347 Ductopenia 546, 665, 666 Clearance function, RES 65 Conversion syndrome 661 Desmosome 21 Ductular bile 38 Clevudine Copper 50, 102, 611, 614 Desmoteric infection 428 Ductus venosus 9 Clinical studies 56, 537, 844, Coproporphyrin 35 Diabetes mellitus 589, 622, Duodenal varices 357 845, 850 Corbicula portalis 23 729 Dupuytren’s contracture 83 Ϫ cohort 845 Cori’s disease 596 Diacytosis 70 Durio Zibethinus 60 Ϫ comparability 846 Corpus Hippocraticum 6 Diagnosis 74 Dwarf threadworm 494 Ϫ controlled 845 Cotton wool sign 758 Ϫ accuracy 76, 92 Dyscrasia 6 Ϫ difficulties 846 Councilman body 396, 400, Ϫ detailed 74, 76, 161 Dysontogenetic cyst 174 Ϫ placebo 846 468, 693 Ϫ early 74 Dysplastic lesions 409, 777 Ϫ prospective 845 Cowdry type 396, 465 Ϫ pillars 75 Dysproteinaemia 105

895 Index

E Endothelial cells 20 Famciclovir 705, 855 Flapping tremor 274 Endothelialitis 878 Familiar quotations 5 Flare-up 699, 703 Ebola virus 469 Endothelin 294, 338 Fanconi’s syndrome 593, 594, Flavin icterus 80, 216 Ecchymosis 86 Endotoxin 65, 229, 294, 571, 597 Flaviviridae 468 Echinococcus 497 737 Fasciola hepatica 495 Flow diagram 75, 176, 196, Ϫ alveolaris 134, 174, 180, Enemas 277, 351 Fasciolopsis buski 496 224, 239, 642 497, 500 Energy balance 728 Fat cysts 526, 581 Fluctuation wave 79 Ϫ cysticus 174, 497 Entamoeba histolytica 486 Fat 534, 586 Flumazenil 281, 733 Ϫ oligarthus 497 Entecavir 705 Fatigue 235, 464, 647, 696, Fluorouracil 801 Ϫ vogeli 497 Enteral feeding 850 724, 816, 819 Flushing syndrome 62, 64, 523 ECHO virus hepatitis 467 Enterohepatic circulation 12, Fat-soluble vitamins 47, 650, Fly agaric liver 765 Eck’s fistula 264, 278 34, 36, 100 730 Foam cells 478, 590, 598, 599 Ecstasy 571 Enzymes 93 Fat storing cells 20 Focal fatty infiltration 132, Ectopic varices 257, 737 Ϫ adaptation 54 Fatty acid-binding protein 44 173, 581, 585, 759 EEG 200, 272, 275, 276 Ϫ classification 92 Fatty acid-synthesis 44 Focal lesions 173, 180, 193 Ϫ endogenous evoked 201, 276 Ϫ elevation 94 Fatty degeneration 580, 582 Focal nodular hyperplasia Ϫ P-300 wave 201, 276 Ϫ enzymatic activity 110 Fatty infiltration 580 133, 173, 178, 180, 194, Ϫ spontaneous 200, 276 Ϫ enzyme code (EC) 93 Fatty liver 549, 755 Ϫ visual evoked 201, 276 Ϫ enzyme distortion 94 Ϫ acute, pregnancy 589 Forbes subtype 596 Effector hormones 46 Ϫ enzyme elimination 94 Ϫ cryptogenic 583 Forbes-Hers subtype 596 Effemination 80 Ϫ enzyme pattern 94, 103, 552 Ϫ fat cysts 526, 581 Forceps biopsy 157, 754, 781 Ehrlichiosis 476 Ϫ enzyme ratios 95, 552 Ϫ fat embolism 534, 586 Francisella tularense 481 Eicosanoid 44, 45 Ϫ induction 55 Ϫ fatty infiltration 580 Free fatty acids 44 Electrohydrothermoprobe 352 Ϫ inhibition 56 Ϫ focal 132, 173, 581, 585, 759 Free radicals 66 Electrolyte balance 288 Eosinophilic granulomatous Ϫ macrovesicular 580 Frerichs 11, 12 Embryonal sarcoma 792 vasculitis 820 Ϫ microvesicular 545, 582, Fresh frozen plasma 346, 351 Emperipolesis 401, 682 Epithelioid haemangioendo- 589, 590 Ftorafur 801 Empirical therapy 844 thelioma 792 Ϫ morphology 580 Friction rub 87 Emtricitabine 705 Epoprostenol 338, 736 Ϫ pathogenesis 580 Fructose intolerance 597 Encephalopathy 200, 264, 378, Epoxide 54 Faulty nutrition 587 Fucosidosis 602 381, 732 Epping disease 565, 569 Feathery degeneration 236, Fulminant liver failure 271, Ϫ amino acids 267 Epstein-Barr virus 464 416, 546 378, 416, 421, 432, 449, Ϫ ammonia 266 Ϫ fatigue syndrome 465 Felty’s syndrome 819 466, 467, 550, 613 Ϫ asterixis 274 ERC 183, 642, 656 Fenestra 20 Funnel-shaped liver 406, 716 Ϫ benzodiazepine 268 Erythema diffusum hepaticum Fenton reaction 67 Furosemide 307 Ϫ brain oedema 269, 379 84 Ferritin 50, 98, 397, 623 Ϫ clinical forms 270, 273 Erythropoietic porphyria 605 Ferrochelatase 35, 603, 604 Ϫ coma check-lists 274 G Escape phenomenon 293 Fever 156, 379, 738 Ϫ coma hepaticum 214, 276, Escherichia coli 475 Fibrinogen 104, 342, 347 GABA 268 376, 381 Essential phospholipids 383, Ϫ documentation sheet 275, Fibrinolysis 342 Galactosaemia 596 537, 587, 706, 742, 865 Fibrogenesis 21, 403, 526, 720 278, 305, 733, 852 Ϫ Galactose 787, 802 Ϫ cytoprotective effects 865 Fibrolamellar carcinoma 788 Ϫ elimination capacity 108, flapping tremor 274 Ϫ indications 866 Ϫ flumazenil 281 Fibronectin 301 585, 596, 725, 740 Ϫ membrane functions 866 Fibrosarcoma 794 Ϫ Ϫ gliopathy 269 Ϫ test 595, 596 Ϫ modes of action 865, 866 Fibrosis 112, 157, 405, 526, 694 Galenos 7 Golytely solution 278 Ethacrynic acid 307 Ϫ Ϫ Helicobacter pylori 56, 62, brushwood-like 406 Gall-bladder carcinoma 159 Ethanol injection 784 Ϫ 266, 531, 733 centrilobular perivenular Gamma globulin 110 Eucrasia 6 Ϫ hepatic foetor 87, 267, 379 407, 526 Gamma glutamyl transferase Euler-Liljestrand reflex 335 Ϫ Ϫ lactulose 279, 858 centrilobular 406 97, 524, 535 Exanthema 84 Ϫ Ϫ mannitol solution 278 clay pipe stem 406 Gamna-Gandy nodule 253 Exchange transfusion 384 Ϫ Ϫ morphology 269 holly leaf 406 Ganciclovir 466, 467, 855 Exocytosis 70 Ϫ Ϫ ornithine aspartate 279 marker 111 Gangliosidosis 601 Exotic hepatotropic viruses Ϫ pathogenesis 265 Ϫ periductular 406 Gap junctions 21 468 Ϫ portacaval myelopathy 273 Ϫ periportal 406, 527 Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase Explorative laparoscopy 150, Ϫ protein intake 269, 278, 741 Ϫ perisinusoidal 406, 526 62 781 Ϫ proton MR spectroscopy Ϫ perivenous 407 Gastrinoma 794 Extracellular matrix 18, 403 272 Ϫ portal 406, 547 357 Extramedullary haemopoiesis Ϫ psychometric test pro- Ϫ septal 407, 720 Gastrin 326 812 gramme 202, 273, 275, 276 Fibrotic cholestatic hepatitis Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Eye changes 85 Endemic spotted fever 481 432 347 Endocrinopathy 622 Fibrous histiocytoma 794 Ϫ lower 366 Endocytosis 70 F Fibrous tumour 760 Ϫ upper 347 Endogenous ligands 54 Filoviruses 468 Gaucher cells 396, 600 Endophlebitis obliterans 497, Fabri’s disease 600 Filtration pressure 290 Gaucher’s disease 599 833 Facies cirrhotica 80 Fine-needle biopsy 136, 149, GB viruses 449 Endoplasmic reticulum 27 Factor VIII 104 197, 739, 753, 759, 781, 799 Gianotti-Crosti syndrome 84, Ϫ rough 26, 40 Factor XIII 347 Finger clubbing 86, 336 430 Ϫ smooth 26, 53, 55, 210, 394, Falciform ligament 14, 16, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome Giant cell arteriitis 814 524, 544 127, 153, 171 88, 467, 475, 481 Giant-cell hepatitis 417, 466, Endosonography 138 Facultative hepatotoxins 544 Five-finger rule 572 467, 491

896 Index

Giant gall-bladder staghorn Haematemesis 348, 354, 736 Ϫ acute intermittent 606 Ϫ pathogenesis 334 766 Haematoma 133, 146, 174, Ϫ cutanea tarda 607 Hepatorenal glycogenosis 595 Giant mitochondria 395, 525, 180 Ϫ Doss porphyria 607 Hepatorenal syndrome 324, 530, 545 Haemoabsorption 385 Ϫ erythropoietic 605 382, 734 Gierke’s disease 595 Haemobilia 146, 180 Ϫ hereditary coproporphyria Ϫ azotaemia 326 Gilbert-Meulengracht syn- Haemochezia 366 607 Ϫ hyponatraemia 326 drome 221 Haemochromatosis 84, 173, Ϫ PB-synthase defect 607 Ϫ oliguria 326 Glasgow scale 274 177, 617, 852 Ϫ variegate 607 Ϫ pseudohepatorenal 327 Gliopathy 269 Ϫ arthropathy 622 Hepatic triglyceride lipase 44 Ϫ resistance index 326 Glisson 9 Ϫ bronze diabetes 84, 622 Hepatic vein 17 Hepatoscopy 2, 150 Ϫ Glisson’s capsule 9, 18, 19 Ϫ cardiomyopathy 622 Hepatic volume fraction 377 Ϫ clay model 3, 4 Ϫ Glisson’s triangle 9, 18, 19, Ϫ clinical findings 622 Hepatitis A virus 112, 113, 418 Ϫ haruspices 5 22 Ϫ deferoxamine test 99 Ϫ clinical findings 420 Ϫ inspection of entrails 2 glomangioma 760 Ϫ endocrinopathy 622 Ϫ immunization 422 Ϫ sacrificial priests 2 Glucagon 46 Ϫ morphology 620 Ϫ pathogen 112, 418 Hepatosis 398, 404, 468 Ϫ test 595, 597 Ϫ neonatal 618 Ϫ serology 113, 116, 420 Hepatotesticular syndrome 731 Glucocerebroside 600 Ϫ pathogenesis 619 Hepatitis B virus 113, 423 Hepatotoxins 542 Glucocorticoids 46, 685, 855 Ϫ therapy 624 Ϫ chronic carrier 425 Ϫ facultative 544 Glucolysis 41 Haemoclips 352 Ϫ clinical stages 430 Ϫ obligate 543 Gluconeogenesis 41, 46 Ϫ Haemocystic spots 354 ground-glass cell 114, 396, Hepatovenous pressure gradi- Glucose tolerance factor 51 Haemofiltration 385 424, 544, 699, 777 ent 253 Glucose-alanine cycle 39 Ϫ Haemolysis 91, 218, 614, 814 immunization 434 Herbal remedies 533, 864 Glucostate 40, 728 Ϫ Haemoperfusion 384 pathogen 113, 116, 423 Hereditary coproporphyria Glutamate dehydrogenase 90 Ϫ Haemopexin 50 serology 423 607 Glutamine cycle 58 Ϫ Haemorrhage 346, 382, 869 specific courses 425 Hereditary haemorrhagic tel- Glyceryl trinitrate 360 Ϫ Ϫ ecchymosis 86 therapy 436 angiectasia 838 Glycogen 41 Ϫ Ϫ lower gastrointestinal 366 variants 425 Hering’s canal 18 Glycogen storage disease 595 Ϫ petechia 86 Hepatitis C virus 115, 439 Heron hepatitis 423 Glycogen vacuolation of nu- Ϫ purpura 86 Ϫ clinical stages 442 clei 396, 526, 581, 589, 596, Ϫ Ϫ Herpes virus hepatitis 465, 466 suffusion 86 genotypes 115, 439 Hers’ disease 596 611, 620 Ϫ suggilation 86 Ϫ morphology 442 Glycogenolysis 41, 729 Ϫ Ϫ Herzberg-Potjan-Gebauer syn- upper gastrointestinal 347 pathogen 439 drome 80 Glycoproteins 40 Ϫ Ϫ serology 115, 440 varices 352 Hexachlorobenzene 565, 608 Glycyrrhiza glabra 868 Ϫ vibices 86 Hepatitis D virus 116, 445 HGM-CoA reductase 45 Goat’s milk, raw 742 Haemosiderin 50, 619, 626 Ϫ pathogen 445 High-density lipoproteins 43, Golgi complex 26, 27 Haemotopoietic system 812 Ϫ serology 446 535 Golytely solution 278, 351 Haemozoin 490 Hepatitis E virus 117, 447 High-grade malignant NHL GOT (AST) 96 Hair changes 80 Hepatitis G virus 117, 449 818 Gout 589 Hairy cell leukaemia 817 Hepatitis mononucleosa 464 Hippie hepatitis 416 GPT (ALT) 96 Haller 10 Hepatitis NANE 449 Histiocytosis X 821 Grading 694 Haller’s tripod 16 Hepatitis oedematosa 297, 436 Histological activity index 695 Granular swelling 525 Halo sign 135, 779 Hepatoblastoma 792 Granuloma 398, 487, 488, 489, Halogenated hydrocarbons Hepatocellular carcinoma 134, Histon 2B antibody 121, 524, 491, 496, 547, 764 567 175, 433, 534, 624, 698, 619 Ϫ eosinophilic 399 Hamartoma 84, 760 739, 774, 775 Histoplasmosis 508 Ϫ epithelioid 764 Handwriting-specimen test 203 Ϫ bull’s eye 779 HIV 467 Ϫ Ϫ fibrin-ring 422 Harris-Benedict equation 851 Ϫ bush pattern 780 cholangiopathy 468, 639 Ϫ Ϫ foreign-body 398 Haruspices 5 Ϫ chemoembolization 784, hepatitis 467 Ϫ immune 398 Head-out water immersion 785 HLA 621, 654, 678 Ϫ lipophagic 525 329 Ϫ consensus conference 782 Hodgkin lymphoma 814 Ϫ lipogranuloma 398 Health awareness 880 Ϫ morphology 703 Hoesch test 605 Granulomatosis infantiseptica Heater technique 351 Ϫ score/classification 781 Holly leaf fibrosis 406, 620 480 Helicobacter pylori 56, 62, Ϫ spontaneous regression 782 Homer 5 Granulomatous hepatitis 399, 266, 531, 733 Ϫ sunburst sign 780 Homocysteine 725 466, 467 Helminthiasis 492 Hepatocytes 21 Homocystinuria 594 Grey liver 585 Helvella esculenta 571 Ϫ cellular polarization 21 Homotaurocholic acid test 194 Griseofulvin 570 Hepadnavirus 423 Ϫ desmosome 21 Hormones 45 Ground squirrel hepatitis 423 Hepar lobatum 15, 480 Ϫ gap junctions 21 Ϫ classification 46 Ground-glass cell 114, 396, Hepar succenturiatum 15, 612 Ϫ tight junctions 21 Hounsfield unit 170, 585 424, 544, 699, 777 Hepatic artery 16, 836 Hepatoerythropoietic por- Hour-glass nails 86, 336, 337 Gumma 479 Ϫ 836 phyria 610 Human albumin 351 Gynaecomastia 83 Ϫ arteriosclerosis 838 Hepatojugular reflux 829 Human parvovirus B19 467 Gyromitrin 571 Ϫ disorders 836 Hepatomegaly 78 Hunter’s syndrome 602 Ϫ occlusion 837 Hepato-ovarian syndrome 731 Hyaline bodies 396 H Hepatic blood flow 17, 244 Hepatopathy 74, 103, 392 Hyaline drops 395 Hepatic brucelloma 480 Hepatopexy 315, 869 Hyaline inclusion bodies 777 Haber-Weiss reaction 67 Hepatic foetor 87, 267, 379 Hepatoportal sclerosis 835 Hyaloplasm 25 Haem 33, 34, 603 Hepatic hydrothorax 298, 734, Hepatopulmonary syndrome Hyaluronan 725 Haemangioma 133, 195, 757 736 334, 734 Hybridization test 115 Haemarginate 607, 864 Hepatic porphyria 603 Ϫ clinical aspects 336 Hydatid cyst 132, 498

897 Index

Hydrocarbon derivatives 568 Indirect bilirubin 34, 99 Kasabach-Merritt syndrome Leukaemia, acute 812 Hydrophylic xenobiotics 52 Indocyanine green test 108, 759 Ϫ chronic lymphatic 817 Hydropic liver cell 25, 210, 585, 725, 740 Kayser-Fleischer corneal ring Ϫ chronic myeloid 813 395, 525, 546 Indol 268 85, 610, 612 Ϫ hairy cell 817 Hydrostatic pressure 291 Indometacin 738 Kernicterus 220, 221 Ϫ plasma cell 818 Hypalbuminaemia 106 Industrial toxins 569 Ketoacidosis 533, 589 Leukotriene 644 Hyperaminoaciduria 613 Infantile haemangioendotheli- Ketogenesis 42 LeVeen shunt 311 Hyperammonaemia 107, 266, oma 759 Ketolithocholic acid 36 Li-Fraumeni syndrome 776 594, 729 Infantile sclerosis 588 Ketone bodies 730 Ligandin 217 Hyperbilirubinaemia 100, 219 Infectious mononucleosis 464 Kirros 716 Light bulb sign 758 Hypercalciuria 613 Inferior vena cava 17 Klatskin’s tumour 788 Limiting plate 20, 22, 23 Hypercholesterolaemia 103 Inflammatory criteria 778, Koller’s test 105, 236 Line-tracing test 205 Hyperdynamic circulation 244, 790, 797, 816 Kupffer cell 20 Linton-Nachlas tube 358, 359 257, 722, 738 Inflammatory pseudotumour Kurorinone 705 Lipid metabolism 42 Hyperfibrinolysis 345 765 Kwashiorkor 80, 84, 588 Lipid peroxidation 64, 68, 401, Hyperglycaemia 522 Infrequent blinking 86 524, 587 Hyperhydration 289 Initiation 776 L Lipid topogenesis 44 Hyperlipidaemia 522, 589 Innsbruck coma scale 274 Lipiodol 784 Hyperplasia of SER 544 Inspection 79 Laboratory diagnostics 90, 92, Lipoamide dehydrogenase 417 Hypersplenism 213, 724 Insulin resistance 584, 729 299, 534, 778 Lipofuscin 395, 397, 415, 545, Hypertensive colonopathy 257 Insulin-glucagon quotient 44 Ϫ algorithmic diagnostics 122 588 Hypertensive gastropathy 257, Integrins 18 Ϫ check-list 87, 93, 552 Lipogenesis 44, 730 736 Intelligence 200 Labrea fever 396 Lipogranuloma 398 Hypertrichosis 80 Ϫ crystalline 200 Lipoma 759 Ϫ Lacquered lips 83 Hypertrophic osteoarthropa- fiuid 200 Lactate dehydrogenase 97 Lipophagic granuloma 525 thy 86, 336, 735 Interdisciplinary conference Lactitol 279 Lipophilic xenobiotics 52 Hyperuricaemia 523 782, 799 Lactoferrin 50 Lipoprotein X 106, 236 Interface hepatitis 693 Hypoalphalipoproteinaemia Lactulose 279, 650 858 Lipoproteins 42, 44, 65, 236, Interferon 444, 687, 702, 707, 599 Ϫ chemistry 858 730 853 Hypocoagulability 345 Ϫ modes of action 860 Liposarcoma 794 Ϫ consensus 702, 854 Hypoglycaemia 522, 729 Ϫ pharmacology 859 Lipotropic substances 587 Ϫ lymphoblastoid 702, 854 Hypogonadism 622, 731 Lafora’s disease 602 Liquorice 305, 308 Ϫ modes of action 854 Hyponatraemia 306, 308, 326, Lambliasis 488 Listeriosis 480 Ϫ pegylated 702, 854 328, 606 Lamivudine 704, 855 Lithocholic acid 36 Interleukin 705 Hypotrichosis 80 Langhans’ giant cell 476, 764 LITT 785, 800 Interlobular artery 16 Hypovitaminoses 730 Laparoscopy 149 Liver abscess 132, 175, 178, Interlobular vein 17 Hypoxaemia 334, 336, 735 Ϫ adiposity 153 488, 512, 763 Intermediate filament 28 Ϫ children 153 Ϫ cluster sign 513 Intermittend porphyria 606 Ϫ I Ϫ cirrhosis/fibrosis 157, 160 comet-tail phenomenon 513 Intestinal varices 256, 737 Ϫ Ϫ pathogens 512 Intestinal vasculopathy 257 diagnostic validity 144 Icterus 6, 7, 8, 131, 216, 224, Ϫ extrahepatic findings 158 Ϫ target phenomenon 514 Intoxication, chronic 571 Ϫ Liver biopsy 18, 142, 157, 585, 236, 377, 546 Intranuclear inclusions 396 history 149 Ϫ carotene 216 Ϫ indications 135 727 Ϫ lonogram 288 Ϫ Ϫ children 147 flavin 80, 216 Iris-diaphragm phenomenon serosa syndrome 152 Ϫ Ϫ Ϫ history 142 haemolysis 218 134, 174, 758 technique 153 Ϫ Ϫ outpatient biopsy 148 intermittens 221 Iron 49, 98, 619, 705, 708 Large intestinal fluke 496 Ϫ Ϫ technique 144 intrahepatic 218 Ϫ binding capacity 623 Large liver fluke 495 Ϫ Ϫ transfemoral 142, 148 kernicterus 220, 221 Ϫ depletion 619, 624, 705 Laronidase 602 Ϫ Ϫ transjugular 142, 148 melas 80, 216 Ϫ index 621, 623 Lassa fever 469 Ϫ Liver capsule 18 neonatal 219 Ϫ low-iron diet 625, 705 Latent ascites 305 Ϫ Liver cell rosette 229, 401, posthepatic 219 Iron-copper constellations 102 Latent HE 200, 270, 272, 732 Ϫ 416, 682 prehepatic 218 Isocitrate dehydrogenase 94 Latent oedema 272, 290, 297, Ϫ Liver clay model 2, 3, 4 rubin 80, 216 Isohydria 289 305 Ϫ Liver collapse fibrosis 407 scleral 80, 216 Isotonicity 289 Lattice fibre network 19 Ϫ subicterus 216 Isovolaemia 288, 289 LDH/GOT ratio 95 Liver function tests 92 Ϫ verdin 80, 216 Ito cells 20 L-Dopa 281 Liver injury 872 Imiglucerase 600 Lead 569 Liver in shock 827 Imaging procedures 126, 170, Leber-Haut-Zeichen 80 Liver insufficiency 376 192, 513, 753 J Lecithin-cholesterol- Ϫ decompensation 277, 376, Immune deficiency 731 acyltransferase 44 381 Immunization 422, 434 Jamshidi needle 144, 147 Lectin receptor 787 Ϫ global 277, 376, 381 Immunocytoma 818 Jaundice s. icterus Leiomyoma 760 Ϫ partial 277, 376, 381 Immunoglobulins 110 Juberg-Clayton type 233 Leiomyosarcoma 793 Liver lobule 22 Immunogram 110 Leishmaniasis 489 Liver palpation 6, 77 Immunostimulants 705, 708, K Lepra granuloma 478 Liver resection 516, 782, 830 857 Leptin 588 Ϫ dorsocranial 871 Immunosuppressants 855, 877 Kala-azar 489 Leptospirosis 478 Ϫ functional reserve 870 Inability to earn 882 Kalk’s point 154 Leroy syndrome 602 Ϫ hemihepatectomy 871 Incomplete responder 703 Kallikrein-kinin System 293 Lethargy 264 Ϫ lobectomy 871 Indian childhood cirrhosis 616 Karyoplasm 25 Leucine arylamidase 102 Ϫ metastasectomy 800

898 Index

Ϫ segmentectomy 800, 871 Malaria 489 Methionine 267 356, 357 Liver segments 9, 16, 128, Ϫ pigment 397, 490 Methotrexate 650, 658, 686, Necrapoptosis 401 138, 871 Ϫ prophylaxis 490 856 Necrosis 400, 545 Liver siderosis 526, 626 Ϫ therapy 491 Methylene blue 337, 736 Ϫ bridging 401 Liver stem cells 28 Malate-aspartate cycle 63 Methylene dianiline 565, 569 Ϫ coagulation 400, 545 Liver stroma 18 Malignant lymphoma 175, 795 Methylumbelliferone 53, 828 Ϫ colliquation 400 Liver support system 384 Malignant tumour 178, 180, Metoclopramide 360 Ϫ confluent 401 Liver surface 14, 78 409, 549, 772 Metronidazole 281, 488, 489 Ϫ piecemeal 401, 646 Liver therapy 847 Ϫ classification 772 Meyenburg complex 664, 763 Ϫ single-cell 401, 525, 545 Ϫ active substances 848 Ϫ TNM staging 772 MgSO4 solution 278 Needlestick-injury 429, 545 Ϫ aims 848 Mall’s space 18 MHC system 678 Neisseria gonorrhoea 475 Ϫ antidotes 848 Mallory’s body 229, 397, 525, Micelle formation 37 Nematodes 492 Liver tongue 83 530, 701 Microhamartoma 664 Neodymium YAG laser 352 Liver transplantation 260, 316, Mallory-Weiss syndrome 736 Microtrabecula 28 Neomycin 280 330, 337, 365, 537, 616, Malnutrition 529, 587, 851 Microtubule 28 Neonatal haemochromatosis 626, 652, 659, 687, 708, MALT 534, 795 Microvilli 18 618 745, 783, 800, 832, 872 Maltrozyne 570 MIGET 336 Neonatal jaundice 219 Ϫ aftercare 879 Manganese 51, 269 Miliary tuberculosis 476 Nervous system 22 Ϫ APOLT 387, 876 Mannite solution 278 Mini-laparoscopy 162 Neuroblastoma 799 Ϫ endothelialitis 878 Mannitol 309, 329 Minimal hepatitis 416 Neuropsychological test 201, Ϫ heterotopic 387, Mannosidosis 602 Minnesota tube 358 272 Ϫ immunosuppression 877 Marburg virus disease 469 Minuta form 487 Neurotensin 788 Ϫ indications 873 Marchand’s cirrhosis 718 Mirizzi syndrome 219, 639 Newcastle infection 429 Ϫ infection 877, 879 Maroteauy-Lamy syndrome Misoprostol 327 Nicotine acid test 222 Ϫ living donation 387, 876 602 Misty mesentery 299 Niemann-Pick disease 601 Ϫ postoperative features 876 MARS 330, 385, 537, 656 Mitochondria 26 Nikolsky’s phenomenon 608 Ϫ preoperative diagnostics 874 MAST 534 Mitochondrial GOT 535 Nitrogen monoxide 296, 324, Ϫ rehabilitation 881 Mastocytosis 820 Mixed cryoglobulinaemia 698 334 Ϫ relapse 878 Matrix metalloproteinase 720 Mixed tumour 773 Nitrovasodilator 360 Ϫ shunt and TIPS 825 Mauriac syndrome 590 Mn-SOD 644 Nodular periarteritis 838 Ϫ split liver 387, 876 McCurdy cell 523 Moist warmth 436 Nodular regenerative hyperpla- Ϫ transplant rejection 878 Mean corpuscular volume 534 Molecular mimicry 645, 678 sia 134, 756 Ϫ xenotransplantation 387 Measles hepatitis 467 Molsidomine 259, 359, 360 Nodule-in-nodule 779 Liver weeping 291, 292 Medium-chain fatty acid 233, Monoethylglycinexylidide test Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis 583 Lobar agenesis 15 650 109 Ϫ diagnosis 585 Lobar atrophy 15 Melaena 349, 366 Monopolar probe 351 Ϫ morphology 584 Lobucavir 855 Melas icterus 80, 216 Morphological lesions 92, 415, Ϫ pathogenesis 584 Looser-Milkman syndrome Membrane 27 544, 695, 717, 752 Ϫ therapy 587 732 Ϫ flip-flop 27 Morquio’s syndrome 602 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 816 Losartan 360, 734 Ϫ fluidity 27 Morrison’s pouch 131 Non-Indian childhood cirrho- Low-density lipoproteins 43 Ϫ hyperplasia 55, 394 Morula cells 396 sis 616 Lower gastrointestinal bleed- Ϫ laterial diffusion 27 Mount St. Helen’s sign 354 Non-responder 435, 436, 708 ing 366 Menghini biopsy 143, 144, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Non-specific reactive hepatitis Low-grade malignant NHL 817 147, 149, 161 789 392, 467, 480, 489, 491, Low-T3 syndrome 731 MEOS 63, 523 Mucolipidosis 602 497, 547, 692, 819 Lucey-Driscoll syndrome 220 Mercaptan 267 Mucopolysaccharidosis 601 Noradrenaline 268, 294 Lumbar blockade 329 Mesenchymal activity 110, 112 Mucormycosis 508 North American Indian cirrho- Lunulae 84 Mesenchymal hamartoma 760 Mucoviscidosis 602, 655 sis 665 Lupoid hepatitis 678, 682 Mesenchymal reaction 547 Muehrke’s nail lines 82 Nosocomial infection 303, Lupus erythematosus 820 Mesenchymal tumour 773 Multiple myeloma 818 419, 428, 441 Luteoskyrin 570 Mesothelioma 670 Muscle cramps 724 Notifiable disease 112, 420, Lutzner cell 818 Metabolic acidosis 58 Mycobacterium 476 426, 440 Lycopenaemia 216 Metabolic alkalosis 59 Mycophenolate mofetil 651, Nucleosides 704, 854 Lyme hepatitis 480 Metabolie disease 579, 852 686 Nucleotidase 102 Lymphangioma 763 Metabolism 32 Mycosis 506 Number-connection test 204 Lymph imbalance theory 294 Ϫ decompensation 723 Mycosis fungoides 817 Nutmeg liver 829 Lymphadenopathy 133, 700 Ϫ disorders 579 Mycotoxin 570 Nutrition 536, 741, 850 Ϫ Lymphatic vessels 10, 18, 292, Ϫ functions 32 Myelolipoma 759 enteral 850 Ϫ 812 Ϫ heterogeneity 24, 32 Myeloproliferative syndrome parenteral 742, 851 Ϫ Lymphcysts 257 Ϫ periportal zone 33 812 reference values 851 Ϫ Lymphoblastoid IFN 854 Ϫ perivenous zone 33 resting energy expenditure Lysosomes 26, 27, 611 Metabolite 542 851 N Ϫ Metabonate 542 special diets 852, 853 M Metallothioneine 42 N-acetylcysteine 329, 383 Metastasis 795 NaCl-tolerance test 294 O Machinery murmur 246, 250 Ϫ morphology 795 Nadolol 361 Magna form 487 Ϫ spontaneous regression 796 Nagayo type 718 Obesity 588 Magnetic resonance imaging Ϫ surgical therapy 800 Naloxone 233, 241 Obligate hepatotoxins 543 176 Meteorism 79, 298, 381, 724 Natriuretic factors 293 Obliterative hepatic endophle- Malabsorption 240, 658 Methanol 523, 528 N-butyl-cyanoacrylate 352, bitis 249

899 Index

Occult blood 251, 349, 366 Palpation 6, 78, 79 Phospholipidosis 545, 582 Ϫ postsinusoidal block 248 Occupational disease 429, 566 Paltauf-Sternberg cell 814 Phospholipids 44 Ϫ segmental 246 Ochratoxin 570 pANCA 118, 657 Phosphorus 564, 569 Ϫ shunt operation 259 Octopamine 268 Paper money skin 82 Phototherapy 233 Ϫ sonography 251 Octreotide 299, 329, 360, 786, Papyrus Ebers 5 Phyllanthus 705, 868 Ϫ splenic infarction 253 795, 801 Paracelsus 8, 79, 883 Physical activity 536, 650, 732, Portal pressure 252 Oedema 289, 381 Paracentesis 6, 309, 734 742 Portal tract 19 Oesophageal varices 254, 352, Paracetamol 378, 383 Phytotherapeutics 864 Portal vein 17, 155, 244, 833 737 Paramyxovirus 467 Phytotoxin 570 Ϫ anomalies 833 Ϫ balloon tamponade 358, Paraneoplastic symptoms 778 Pi nomenclature 591 Ϫ aneurysm 836 359 Parasitic cholangitis 639 Pick cell 601 Ϫ disorders 833 Ϫ endoscopy 354 Parasitic cysts 762 Picornavirus 112, 418 Ϫ double-flow principle 16 Ϫ endosonography 354 Parasitic infection 486, 790 Piecemeal necrosis 401, 646 Ϫ 130, 246, 813, 835 Ϫ gastric varices 357 Parchment skin 82 Pigment calculus 614, 738, 814 Portal vein amputation 130 Ϫ sclerotherapy 355 Parenchyma 6, 9, 22 Pigment cirrhosis 620 Portal vein lobule 23 Ϫ surgical treatment 362 Parenteral feeding 383, 851 Pigmentation 84, 600, 613, Portography 181 Ϫ variceal ligation 358 Paromomycin 280 617 Portopulmonary Ϫ varices pressure 226 Parotid enlargement 80 Pin cells 396 258, 735 Oesophagogastroscopy 252, Parotitis hepatitis 467 Pinguecula 86, 600 Portosystemic encephalopathy 354 Paroxysmal haemoglobinuria Pinocytosis 20 272 Oestrogens 46 814 Piracetam 281 Posner test 202 Old Testament 3, 5 Partial nodular hyperplasia Pit cell 21 Potassium canrenoate 306, Oliguria 326 757 Placebo 845 787, 876 Omentopexie 317 Partial responder 703 Plantar erythema 81 Potassium sulphide 555 Omphaloportography 182 Patellar chondromalacia 613 Plasma cell leukaemia 818 Potato liver 377, 718 Open reading frame 113 Paucity, bile ducts 662 Plasmapheresis 233, 384 PPSB 347 Opisthorchis felineus 496 Paul-Bunnel test 464 Plasminogen 313 Prealbumin 40, 106 Opisthorchis viverrini 496 Pegylated IFN-α 444, 707, 854 Plasmocytoma 818 Prednimustine 652 Opsonin 66 Pel-Ebstein fever 815 Platon 5 Prednisolone 588, 595, 596, Organelle 26, 32 Peliosis hepatis 398, 477, 763 Platypnoea 336 639 Organoscopy 149 Penicillamine 615, 650, 863 Pleural effusion 298, 736 Pregnancy 428, 433 Oriental cholangiohepatitis Pentad 640 Pleural spider naevi 335 Preventive medicine 881 640 Pentastomum denticulatum Plexogenic arteriopathy 337, Primary biliary cholangitis Ornipressin 329 494 735 120, 643 Ornithine-α-ketoglutarate 280 Pentoxifylline 532, 537 Pneumoperitoneum 154 Ϫ aetiology 643 Ornithine aspartate 279, 351, Pepper’s syndrome 799 Poems syndrome 296, 310 Ϫ clinical courses 646 384, 743, 862 Percussion 79 Poisoning 572 Ϫ complications 647 Ornithine carbamoyl transfer- Periarteritis nodosa 820 Ϫ five-finger rule 572 Ϫ morphology 645 ase 94 Pericholangitis 654 Ϫ information centre 572 Ϫ pathogenesis 644 Ornithine cycle 57 Perihepatitis gonorrhoica 475 Polidocanol 352, 356 Ϫ therapy 650 Ornithosis 481 Perinatal infection 427 Polycystic liver disease, adult Primary sclerosing cholangitis Orthodeoxia 336 Peripolesis 401 132, 761 653 Osler-Rendu-Weber disease Periportal zone 33 Polycythaemia vera 813 Ϫ aetiopathogenesis 654 342, 838 Peritoneoscopy 149 Polyendocrine syndrome 681 Ϫ clinical aspects 655 Osmolality 289 Perisinusoidal functional unit Polymerase-chain reaction 115 Ϫ diagnosis 655 Osmolarity 289 20 Polymyalgia rheumatica 819 Ϫ morphology 654 Osmotic diuretics 308 Perisplenitis cartilaginea 813 Polymyositis 819 Ϫ therapy 658 Osteomalacia 732 Peritoneal tuberculosis 159 Pompe’s disease 595 Probiotics 279 Osteomyelofibrosis 813 Peritoneovenous shunt 311, Porcelain liver 675 Procalcitonin 380 Osteopathy 240, 650, 657, 732 329, 869 Pores 20 Procollagen-III-peptide 111, Osteoporosis 731 Perivascular connective tissue Porphobilinogen 35, 608 526, 535, 829 Osteosarcoma 794 19 Porphyria cutanea tarda 80, Progesterone 46 Outlier syndromes 661 Perivenous zone 33 84, 158, 607, 626 Proliferation 717 Overflow theory 294 Perivenular fibrosis 407, 526 Porphyria, alcoholic 523 Prometheus 5 Overlap syndrome 660, 681, Perna disease 568 Porphyrias 603 Prometheus system 385 686 Peroxisome 26, 27, 64, 611 Porphyrin 34 Proper hepatic artery 16 Owl’s eyes 466 PET 195, 780 Ϫ biochemistry 603 Propranolol 361 Oxaliplatin 802 Petechia 86 Ϫ haem 33, 34 Prostaglandins 293 Oxidation reaction 53 Petren’s venous plexus 258 Ϫ metabolism 34 Protein 40 Oxidative stress 68, 401 Pfaundler-Hurler syndrome Ϫ red fluorescence 35 Ϫ tolerance threshold 270, 278 Oxygen consumption 17, 61, 601 315 Prothrombin 342 244, 826 Phagocytosis 20, 65 Portacaval myelopathy 273 Proton MR spectroscopy 201, Oyster hepatitis 419 Pharmacogenetics 52 Portal biliopathy 258 272 Phenylethanolamine 268 Portal field 19 Protoporphyrin 35 P Phlebography 182 Portal hypertension 130, 155, Protothecosis 508 Phlogogram 301 244, 534, 622, 648, 722 Protozoiasis 486 P-300 wave 272 Phosphaturia 613 Ϫ intrahepatic 246 Pruritus 85, 232, 235, 241, Pain on pressure 78 Phosphatydilcholine 383, 529, Ϫ posthepatic 249 650, 658 Paints, varnishes 569 537, 865 Ϫ prehepatic 245 PSE syndrome test 203 Palmar erythema 81 Phosphohexoisomerase 94 Ϫ presinusoidal block 246 Pseudoaldosteronism 868

900 Index

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome 308 Rex-Cantlie’s line 16 SEN virus 451 Splendore-Hoeppli syndrome Pseudo-double-barreled gum Reye’s syndrome 271, 589 Septa 407, 718 397, 497 130 Reynold’s pentad 640 Septal fibrosis 407 Splenic infarction 253, 724 Pseudo-Gaucher cells 396 Rhabdomyolysis 613 Sequential nephron blockade Splenomegaly 79, 135, 212, Pseudohepatorenal syndrome Rhabdomyosarcoma 793 308 253 327 Rheumatic arthritis 818 Serial-subtraction test 205 Splenoportography 181 Pseudo-parallel channel sign Rheumatoid factor 118, 819 Serological markers 112, 116, Splenorenal varices 257 531 Rhodanine 612 420, 423, 440, 446, 448 Spontaneous bacterial perito- Psittacosis 481 Ribavirin 707, 855 Serosa syndrome 152 nitis 302 Psychometric tests 201, 202, Ribosome 25, 40 Serotonin 268 Spontaneous Talma 155, 256 203, 275 Rickettsiosis 481 Sertraline 233, 241 Spring-summer encephalitis Ϫ critical flicker test 203, 276 Riedel’s lobe 15, 78, 127 Sexually transmitted disease hepatitis 467 Ϫ handwriting-specimen 203 Rifampicin 241 427 SQUID biosusceptiometer Ϫ line-tracing 205 Rift Valley fever 470 Sezary syndrome 818 621, 623 Ϫ multiple choice device 202 Rima coeci Halleri 15 Sheep lice 437 Staghorn calculus 657, 766 Ϫ number-connection 204 Rituximab 817 Shigella 476 Staging 694 Ϫ Posner test 202 RNA polymerases 40 Shock liver 827 Standard test meal 251 Ϫ serial-subtraction 205 Robbers forceps 157, 754, 781 Sho-Saiko-To 868 Staphylococcus 475 Ϫ SIP 202 Rochalimaea 482 Shunt operation 363, 870 Star-construction test 205 Ϫ star-construction 205 Rocky Mountain spotted fever Shunt-bilirubin 33 Starling forces 288 Ϫ story-retelling 206 481 Siberian liver fluke 496 Statutory maternal guideline Ϫ test programme 185, 202, Rotor syndrome 223 Sickle-cell anaemia 814 427 852 Rough endoplasmic reticulum Siderin 415 Steatosis 545 PTC 185 26, 40 Sideronecrosis 620 Stein-Leventhal syndrome 159 PTCS 186 Round ligament 14, 127, 171 Siderophile hepatitis 620 Stellate cell nodule 415, 547 Puddle sign 298 Rubella hepatitis 467 Siderosis 526 Stent insertion 695 Pugh criteria 740 Rubin icterus 80, 216 Sieve plate 20 Stercobilin 34 Purpura 86 Silibinin 571, 867 Steroid hormone 46 Pylephlebitis 835 Still’s disease 819 S Silvestrini-Corda syndrome Pyridoxin deficiency 616 731 Storage diseases 579 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids 570 Sacrificial priest 2 Silymarin 380, 537, 587, 625, Story-retelling lest 206 S-adenosyl-L-methionine 225, 705, 867 Streptococcus 475 Q 233, 241, 529, 537, 864 Simian cleft 15, 612 Stress metabolism 729 Saint’s venous plexus 258 Simvastatin 650 Stroma 18 Quality of life 850 Salad oil 565 Sinusoidal cell 19 Strongyloides stercoralis 494 Quartan malaria 489 Salmonellosis 476 Sinusoids 12, 17, 19, 20 Stuart-Bras symdrome 248, Quick’s value 105, 236, 658 Sanded nuclei 396 Sirolimus 877 249, 832 Quadrate lobe 14, 16, 130 Sanfilippo’s syndrome 602 Sjögren’s syndrome 819 Stupor 264 Q-fever 481 Sappey’s vein 87, 257 Skin stigmata in liver diseases Subicterus 216 Sarcoidosis 399, 764 80, 724 Sublingual varices 257 Skirros 6, 716 Suffusion 86 R Saturnism 569 Scarred liver 377, 405, 716 Smooth cirrhosis 248, 717 Sugar-icing spieen 813 Scavenger 67, 68, 537, 867 Smooth endoplasmic reticu- Suggillation 86 RAAS 292 Sulpholithocholic acid 36 R-classification 783 Schaumann bodies 764 lum 26, 53, 55, 210, 394, Summerskill-Tygstrup type Radiofrequency thermal abla- Schistosomiasis 247, 496 524, 544 233 tion 785, 800 Schizandra 705, 868 Smooth red tongue 82 Sunburst sign 780 Reactive oxygen intermediate Schoenlein-Henoch disease Sociomedical aspects 880 Ϫ Sunflower cataract 85, 610, 66, 401 342 disability 882 Ϫ 613 Recombinant IFN 854 Schwannoma 760, 794 guidelines for evaluation Superoxide dismutase 67 Red fluorescence 158, 604 Scintigraphy 192, 367 882 Ϫ Syphilis 479 Red wall markings 354 Scleral icterus 80, 85, 216 health awareness 880 Ϫ Syphiloma 479 Re-exposure trial 554 Sclerosing hyaline fibrosis 526 inability to earn 881 Systematization 392 Refractory ascites 310 Sclerotherapy 355 Ϫ preventive medicine 880 Refsum’s syndrome 234 Scoring systems 695 Ϫ unfitness for work 881 Regeneration 5, 380, 402, 409, Scratch auscultation 79 Sodium benzoate 280 T 415, 720, 871 Scratch mark 85, 235 Somatostatin 360, 786, 863 Regenerative nodes 717 Screening enzyme 96 Somnolence 264 Tacrolimus 686, 856 Rehabilitation 881 Sea-anemone phenomenon Sonography 126, 298, 779, 797 Tangier disease 599 Renal natriuretic factor 293 131, 298 Sopor 264 Target phenomenon 135, 514 Rendu-Osler-Weber disease Sea-blue histiocytes 601 Sorbitol clearance 110 Tarry stool 6, 349, 366 838 Secondary aldosteronism 270 Sorbitoldehydrogenase 94 Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid Resting energy expenditure Segmental portal hypertension SPECT 200, 780 651 857 246 Speculative therapy 844 Telangiectasis 82, 838 Reticulin 728 Segmental subdivisions 9, 16, Sphingomyelin 601 Telbivudine (L-dT) 705 Reticuloendothelial system 64 128, 138, 871 Spider naevus 80 Tenofovir 705 Retinol ester 20 Selenium 51, 304, 436, 536, Spill-over effect 737 Terlipressin 329, 360, 737, Retothelial nodule 397, 477 787, 857 Spiral-CT 171 863 Retraction of the eyelid 86 Self-help groups 883 Spironolactone 83, 259, 293, Terminal hepatic vein 17, 23 Retroperitoneal varices 257 Sengstaken-Blakemore tube 305, 306, 359, 743 Tertian malaria 489 Retzius 257 358, 359 Spleen 79, 212 Testicular atrophy 86, 622

901 Index

Thalassaemia 814 Tropical juvenile cirrhosis Ϫ pharmacology 857 Weibel-Palade body 793 Thalidomide 818 588 UV fluorescence 35, 145, 158, Weil’s disease 478 Therapy 844 Tropical malaria 489 604 Wheels-within-wheels 507 Ϫ adjuvant measures 786, 791, Tru-Cut needle 144, 157, 161 Wheel-spoke phenomenon Trypanosomiasis 492 802 V 133, 755 Ϫ drug therapy 853 Tryptophan 39, 268 White liver 585, 623 Ϫ empirical 844 TT virus 450 Vaccination 422, 434, 702 White nails 82 Ϫ mythological 844 Tuberculoma 477 Vagus shock 145 White nipple sign 354 Ϫ speculative 844 Tuberculosis 133, 158, 175, Valsalva’s manoeuvre 131 White spots, skin 82 Thermotherapy 785 476 Vancomycin 281 Widmark’s formula 61 Thesaurismoses 579 Tuberculous pseudocirrhosis Vanishing bile-duct 232, 662 Wieland test 571 Thin spot 354 477 Variceal ligation 358 Wilm’s tumour 799 Thioacetamide 564 Tularaemia 481 Varicella-zoster hepatitis 466 Wilson’s disease 85, 610 Thioredoxin 588 Tumour marker 797 Varices 254, 352 Withdrawal syndrome 536 Thorotrast 564, 569 Tumour-suppressor gene 776 Variegate porphyria 607 Wolman’s disease 597 Thrombocytopenia 343 Turkish non-syndromic pau- Vascular reactions 548 Woodchuck hepatitis virus 423 Thrombocytosis, essential 813 city 665 Vascular star 755 TVC 186 Vasodilation theory 294 Thromboplastin time 105 X Thymosin-α 705, 857 Tympanic intestinal resonance Veins of Retzius 257 Thyroid hormone 46 79 Veins of Sappey 257 Tyrosinaemia 593 Venesection 624, 705 Xanthelasma 84, 235, 657 Tight junctions 21 Xanthodermia 216 TIPS 259, 314, 329, 337, 362, Veno-occlusive disease 130, 249, 548, 570, 813, 832 Xanthoma 85, 235, 597, 648 869 U Xanthoma cells 230 TNM staging 155, 773 Venous hum 87, 834 Ubiquitin 525 Ventroscopy 149 Xanthomatous neuropathy Togavirus 464 648 Torasemide 307 Ubiquinone 742 Verdin icterus 80, 216 Veres canula 153 Xenobiotics 52, 542 Torres bodies 396, 468 Ullrich-Scheie syndrome 601 Ultrastructural heterogeneity Very low-density lipoprotein Xenotransplantation 387 Torsade de points 355, 356 24 43 Xipamide 307 Torulopsosis 508 Underfill theory 294 Vesalius 9 Toxocariasis 494 Undernourishment 529 Vibices 86 Toxoplasmosis 491 Y Unfit to drive 273 Vim-Silverman needle 144, Trace elements 49 Unfitness for work 881 157, 161, 728 Trail-making test 204 Yellow fever virus 468 Uniporter 69 Vinyl chloride 565, 568, 793 Yellow spot 581 Transaminase 95, 96 Viral load 702 Uphill varices 254 Yersinia enterocolitica 476, Transarterial radiation 785 Virchow cell 478 Upper gastrointestinal bleed- 624 Transcuprin 611 ing 347 Virostatics 853 Transcytosis 396, 468 Urea cycle 56, 57, 266, 594, Virtual liver surgery 797 Transferrin 50, 619, 623 862 Visceropexie 317 Z Transport protein 40 Ϫ enzyme deficiency 271 Visually evoked potentials Transthyretin 592 Ϫ ornithine aspartase 862 201, 272 Zahn’s furrow 15 Trematodes 494 Urinary dipstick 100 Vitamins 47 Zahn’s infarct 796, 835 Treponema pallidum 479 Urobilin 34 Zellweger’s syndrome 234, Tricarboxylic-acid cycle 39 Urobilinogen 34, 100 W 603, 665 Trichinella spiralis 494 Urobilinogenuria 100, 725 Ziehl-Neelsen 764 Trichosporosis 508 Uroporphyrin 35 Warren shunt 363 Zieve’s syndrome 103, 523, Triethylene tetramine 616 Ursodeoxycholic acid 36, 233, Wasting syndrome 729 533 Triglyceride 44, 579 241, 437, 587, 651, 658, Water equilibrium 288 Zinc 50, 99, 269, 278, 436, Trohoc 845 686, 687, 705, 857 Watson-Schwartz test 605 536, 616, 650, 787, 857 Tropheryma whippeli 481 Ϫ modes of action 858 Wegener’s granulomatosis 820 Zonal heterogeneity 33

902 Abbreviations

Abbreviation: Meaning: Abbreviation: Meaning:

A BSEP Bile salt export pump BSR Blood sedimentation rate (ϭ ESR) AA Amino acid BUN Blood urea nitrogen AAA Aromatic amino acid BW Body weight AAT α1-antitrypsin ABT Aminopyrine breath test AcCoA Acetyl coenzyme A C ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone CAGE Alcoholism test ADH Antidiuretic hormone CAH Chronic active hepatitis ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase CAM Cell adhesion molecule ADP Adenosine diphosphate cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ADR Adverse drug reaction CBAT Canalicular bile acid transporter ADT Placebo (any Ϫ what you desire Ϫ thing) CBG Corticosteroid-binding globulin AE Anion exchanger CC Cystadenocarcinoma CCC Cholangiocellular carcinoma AFP α1-foetoprotein Ag Antigen CDCA Chenodeoxycholic acid AHA Antibody histone (2B)-A CDK Cyclin-dependent kinase AIC Autoimmune cholangitis CDT Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin AIH Autoimmune hepatitis CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen AIP Acute intermittent porphyria CEDS Colour-encoded Doppler sonography ALA δ-aminolaevulinic acid CEP Congenital erythropoietic porphyria ALAD δ-aminolaevulinic acid-dehydratase CESD Cholesterolester storage disease ALD Aldolase CET Caffeine elimination test ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase CETP Cholesterolester transfer protein ALF Acute liver failure CF Cystic fibrosis ALG Antilymphocytic globulin CFR Complement fixation reaction ALL Acute lymphatic leukaemia CFT Complement fixation test ALT Alanine aminotransferase (ϭ GPT) CFTR Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator AMA Antimitochondrial antibody cGMP Cyclic guanosine-3’, 5’-monophosphate AML Acute myelogenous leukaemia CH Cavernous haemangioma AMP Adenosine monophosphate ChE Cholinesterase ANA Antinuclear antibody CHBV Crane hepatitis B virus ANCA Antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody CHP Chronic hepatic porphyria ANF Atrial natiuretic factor CIBD Chronic inflammatory bowel disease AP Alkaline phosphatase CLH Chronic lobular hepatitis APOLT Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation CLL Chronic lymphatic leukaemia APTT Activated partial thromboplastin time CM Contrast medium APUD Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation CML Chronic myeloid leukaemia cells CMV Cytomegalovirus ARA-AMP Adenine arabinoside monophosphate CNDC Chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis ARP Anti-ribosomal P antibody CNS Central nervous system ASA Acetylsalicylic acid CO Cardiac output (vol./min) ASGPR Asialoglycoprotein receptor CPH Chronic persistent hepatitis ASH Alcoholic steatohepatitis CREST Calcinosis-Raynaud-esophagus-sclerodactyly- AST Aspartate aminotransferase (ϭ GOT) syndrome AT III Antithrombin III CRP C-reactive protein ATP Adenosine triphosphate CSF Cerebrospinal fluid ATPase Adenosine triphosphatase CSH Chronic septal hepatitis AWS Alcohol withdrawal syndrome CSI Cholesterol saturation index CT Computer tomography CTAP CT arterioportography B CTL Cytotoxic T lymphocyte BAC Blood alcohol concentration CVP Central venous pressure BAL Bioartificial liver device CYP Cytochrome P-450 BBB Blood-brain barrier BCAA Branched-chain amino acid D BCS Budd-Chiari syndrome BELS Berlin extracorporeal liver support DBP Vitamin D-binding protein BICAP Bipolar circumactive probe DCP Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin BLSS Bioartificial liver support system DCP Divalent cation transporter BMI Body mass index DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane BRIC Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis DHBV Duck hepatitis virus

903 Abbreviations

DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation HBP Hepatic binding protein DLPC Dilinoleoylphosphadidylcholine HBSS Hepatobiliary sequence scintigraphy DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid HBV Hepatitis-B virus DOD Degree of disability HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma DRQ DeRitis quotient HCP Hereditary coproporphyria DSA Digital subtraction angiography HCV Hepatitis-C virus HDL High-density lipoprotein HDV Hepatitis-D virus E HE Hepatic encephalopathy EBV Epstein-Barr virus HEP Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria EC Elimination capacity HES Hydroethyl starch ECLP Extracorporeal liver perfusion HEV Hepatitis-E virus ECM Extracellular matrix hFABP Hepatic fatty acid-binding protein ECP Erythropoietic coproporphyria HGBV Hepatitis-GB virus ECS Extracellular space HGF Hepatocyte growth factor EDRF Endothelium-derived relaxing factor HGV Hepatitis-G virus EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid HHBV Heron hepatitis B virus EEG Electroencephalography HHC Hereditary haemochromatosis EEP Endogenous evoked potentials HIV Human immunodeficiency virus EGF Epidermal growth factor HL Half-life EHP Erythrohepatic porphyria HLA Human leucocyte antigen EHT Electrohydrothermic probe HLT Heterotopic liver transplantation EIA Enzyme immunoassay HMG-CoA Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA ELAD Extracorporeal liver assist device HMV Heart minute volume ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HPI Hepatic proliferation inhibitor EPL Essential phospholipids HPLC High-pressure liquid chromatography EPP Erythropoietic protoporphyria HPS Hepatopulmonary syndrome ER Endoplasmic reticulum HRGP Histidine-rich glycoprotein ERC Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography HRQL Health-related quality of live ET Endothelin HRS Hepatorenal syndrome EUS Endoscopic ultrasound HSS Hepatic stimulatory substance HSV Herpes simplex virus HTL Hepatic triglyceride lipase F HVF Hepatocyte volume fraction FA Fatty acid HVPG Hepatic vein pressure gradient FBP Folate-binding protein FENa Fractional sodium excretion I FFA Free fatty acid FFP Fresh frozen plasma IBC Iron-binding capacity FGF Fibroblast growth factor IBP Iron-binding protein FHCC Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma ICAM Intercellular adhesion molecule FHF Fulminant hepatic failure (ϭ ALF) ICDH Isocitrate dehydrogenase FHVP Free hepatic venous pressure ICG Indocyanine green FIA Fluorescence immunoassay ICP Intracranial pressure FM Fibrin monomer ICS Intracellular space FNB Fine needle biopsy ICU Intensive care unit FNH Focal nodular hyperplasia IDL Intermediate density lipoprotein IDUS Intraductal ultrasound IFN Interferon G IFT Immunofluorescence test GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid IGF Insulin-like growth factor GBV GB-Virus IHAT Indirect haemagglutination test GDH Glutamate dehydrogenase IL Interleukin GEC Galactose elimination capacity INR International normalization ratio GFR Glomerular filtration rate IOUS Intraoperative ultrasound GGT Gamma-glutamyl transpeptitase IRF Iron regulation factor GHRF Growth hormone-releasing factor ISC Iron saturation capacity GOT Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (ϭ AST) IU International unit GPT Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ϭ ALT) GSH Reduced glutathione K GSHV Ground squirrel hepatitis virus GSSG Oxidized glutathione KB Ketone bodies GVHD Graft-versus-host disease kDa Kilo-Dalton KKS Kallikrein-kinin system H L HAI Hepatitis activity index HAV Hepatitis-A virus LAM Lamivudine HBDH α-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase LAP Laparoscopy HBIG Hepatitis-B immunoglobulin LAP Liver active protein

904 Abbreviations

LAP Leucine aminopeptidase NRH Nodular regenerative hyperplasia LASER Light amplification by stimulated emission of NSAR Non-steroidal antirheumatics radiation NU 5’-Nucleotidase LB Liver biopsy LCAT Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase O LCT Lipiodol-computer tomography LD Lethal dose OA Ornithine aspartate LDH Lactate dehydrogenase OATP Natrium-independent transport system for LDL Low-density lipoprotein organic anions LDLT Living donor liver transplantation OCT Ornithine carbamoyltransferase LE Lupus erythematosus OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test LFA Lymphocyte function antigen OLS Overlap syndrome LFT Liver function test OLT Orthotopic liver transplantation LIP Liver inhibitor protein ORF Open reading frame LITT Laser-induced thermotherapy LKM Liver-kidney microsomal antigen LMA Liver membrane autoantibody P LPA Liver-pancreas antibody PAF Platelet-activating factor LPL Lipoprotein lipase PAH Para-aminohippuric acid LP X Lipoprotein-X PAI Percutaneous acetic acid injection LR Liver resection PAIR Punction/Aspiration/Injection/Re-Aspiration LSP Liver-specific protein pANCA Perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic anti- LT Liver transplantation body LTC Laparoscopic transhepatic cholangiography PAP Pulmonary artery pressure LTT Line-tracing test PAS Para-aminosalicylic acid LTT Lymphocyte transformation test PAS Periodic acid-Schiff reaction LWW Liver wet weight PBC Primary biliary cirrhosis PBG Porphobilinogen M PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen MALT Munich alcoholism test PCO2 Partial pressure carbon dioxide MALT Mucous membrane associated lymphoid tissue PCP Pentachlorophenol MAO Monoamine oxidase PCR Polymerase chain reaction MARS Molecular adsorbend recirculatory system PCT Porphyria cutanea tarda MAST Michigan alcoholism screening test PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure mAST Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase PDGF Platelet-derived growth factor (ϭ m-GOT) PDR Plasma disappearance rate MBq Megabecquerel PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure MCL Midclavicular line PELAM Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule MCT Medium-chain triglyceride PEI Percutaneous ethanol injection MCV Mean corpuscular volume PEM Protein-energy malnutrition MEGX Monoethylglycinexylidide test PET Positron emission tomography MELS Modular extracorporeal liver support PG Prostaglandin MEOS Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system PHI Phosphohexose isomerase MFH Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Pi Protease inhibitor mGOT Mitochondrial glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase P III-P Procollagen-III-peptide (ϭ mAST) PMN Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes MHC Major histocompatibility complex PPC Polyenylphosphatidylcholine MIGET Multiple inert gas elimination technique PPH Primary MMP Matrix metalloproteinase PPSB Prothrombin complex (prothrombin, procon- MOAT Multi-organic anion transporter vertin, Stuart factor, antihaemophilic factor B) MPS Mononuclear phagocyte system PSC Primary sclerosing cholangitis MRC Magnetic resonance cholangiography PSE Portosystemic encephalopathy MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (ϭ MRT) PT Prothrombin time (ϭ Quick) mRNA Messenger RNA PTC Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography MRP Multi-drug resistance-associated protein PTH Parathormone MT Metallothionein PTP Percutaneous transhepatic portography MTP Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein PTT Partial thromboplastin time PVC Polyvinyl chloride N PVS Peritoneovenous shunt

NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Q NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease QOL Quality of life NASH Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NCT Number-connection test R nDNA Nuclear DNA NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma RAAS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system NLCT Number-letter combination test RAST Radio-allergo-sorbent test NO Nitrous oxide RBP Retinol-binding protein

905 Abbreviations

RCE Reduction in earning capacity TIPS Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt REE Resting energy expenditure TNF Tumour necrosis factor RER Rough endoplasmic reticulum TNM Malignant tumour classification system (tumour, RES Reticuloendothelial system node, metastasis) RFTA Radiofrequency thermal ablation tPA Tissue plasminogen activator RHS Reticulohistiocytic system TPT Thromboplastin time RIA Radioimmunoassay TRH Thyreotropin-releasing hormone RIBA Recombinant immunoblot assay tRNA Transfer RNA RNA Ribonucleic acid TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone RNF Renal natriuretic factor TT Thrombin time ROI Reactive oxygen intermediates TTR Transthyretin rRNA Ribosomal RNA TUDCA Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid RT-PCR Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction TVC Transvenous cholangiography

S U UDCA Ursodeoxycholic acid SAMe S-adenosylmethionine UDP Uridine diphosphate SBP Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis UES Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma SDH Sorbitol dehydrogenase uPA Urokinase plasminogen activator SeHCAT Selenohomotaurocholic acid test US Ultrasound SEP Somatosensory evoked potentials UTP Uridine triphosphate SER Smooth endoplasmic reticulum UV Ultraviolet SLA Soluble liver cell antigen UW University of Wisconsin solution SLT Split liver transplantation SMA Smooth muscle antibody SOD Superoxide dismutase V SOL Space-occupying lesion VBDS Vanishing bile duct syndrome SPECT Single-photon emission computer tomography VC Vinyl chloride SQUID Superconducting quantum-interference device VCAM Vascular cell adhesion molecule SSC Secondary sclerosing cholangitis VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor STD Sexually transmitted disease VEP Visually evoked potentials STH Somatotropic hormone ° VIP Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide STP Standard temperature (0 C) and pressure VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein (760 mg Hg) VOD Veno-occlusive disease SVR Sustained viral response VZV Varicella-zoster virus

T W TAC Transarterial chemotherapy WAIS Wechsler adult intelligence scale TACE Transarterial chemoembolization WHV Woodchuck hepatitis virus TAE Transarterial embolization WHVP Wedged hepatic venous pressure TBG Thyroxine-binding globulin WNV West Nile virus TCDD Dioxin TGF Transforming growth factor Y TIBC Total iron-binding capacity TIMP Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase YF Yellow fever

906