World Bank Document

E1126 VOL. 4

Environiment and ,,S'ci'a Ass;-ssment for Construction of Tlc.nemierits at Okkiyam Public Disclosure Authorized Thora:iipakkam Public Disclosure Authorized

Final Report Public Disclosure Authorized

IL&FS Ecotsmat Linmited F Public Disclosure Authorized Chennai - (60 035 IL&JS EC 0lMA1T December, 2006 Table of Contents

Section Title Page No

I Executive Summary i- vi

Chapter - 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 Objective 1-1 1.3 Scope 1-1 1.4 Methodology 1-2 1.4.1 Familiarizaton with the Project 1-2 1.4.2 Identification of Impacts 1-2 1.4.3 EMP and Environmental Monitoring 1-2 1.5 Structure of the Report 1-3 Chapter - 2 Environmental Legislations and Institutional 2-1 Framework

2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Statutes Related to Environment 2-1 2.2.1 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 2-1 2.2.2 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 2-1 1974 2.2.3 The Forest (Conservation) Act, as amended in 2-1 1980 2.2.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) 2-1 Act, 1981 2.2.5 The Noise Polluution (Regulation and Control) 2-2 Rules, 2000 2.2.6 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 2-2 2.2.7 Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 2-2 2.3 Institutional Framework 2-2 2.3.1 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board 2-3 2.3.2 Local Body Administration 2-3 2.4 Environment and Social Management 2-3 Framework Requirements 2.5 Responsibilities of the Project Promoter 2-4 Chapter - 3 Project Description 3-1 3.1 Criteria for Selection of Site 3-1 3.2 Site Location 3-1 3.3 Site Description 3-2 3.4 Coastal Regulation Zone 3-6 3.5 Site Suitability 3-6 3.6 Proposed Master plan of Project Site 3-6 3.7 Estimation of Quantities of Materials for 3-8 Construction of Tenements 3.7.1 Foundation 3-8 3.7.2 Brick Work in CM 1:5 and CM 1:6 3-8 3.7.3 RCC works in 1: 11/2:3 3-8 3.7.4 Flooring Concrete in 1:5:10 3-8 3.7.5 Plastering Works in 1:5 3-8 3.7.6 Steel 3-9 3.7.7 Earth 3-9 3.7.8 Water for Construction 3-9 3.7.9 Drinking Water 3-9 3.7.10 Construction Schedule 3-10 Chapter - 4 Environment Setting 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Topography 4-1 4.3 Geology 4-1 4.4 Seismic Zone 4-1 4.5 Climate 4-1 4.5.1 Micro Meteorology of the Project area 4-1 4.5.2 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area 4-3 4.5.3 Ambient Noise Level 4-6 4.6 Drainage System 4-8 4.6.1 Water Quality 4-9 4.7 Ground Water 4-11 4.7.1 Geology 4-11 4.7.2 Earth Resistivity Test 4-11 4.7.3 Exploratory Drilling 4-11 4.7.4 Yield Test 4-11 4.7.5 Water quality 4-12 4.8 Soil type 4-12 4.8.1 Soil Quality 4-12 4.9 Ecological Resources 4-15 4.9.1 Terrestrial Flora 4-15 4.9.2 Aquatic Flora 4-17 4.9.3 Terrestrial Fauna 4-19 4.9.4 Aquatic Fauna 4-19 4.10 Land use 4-20 4.11 Economic Profile of the Corridor 4-20 Chapter - 5 Impact Assessment 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 Impact on Physical Resources 5-1 5.2.1 Impact on Topography 5-1 5.3 Impact on Climate 5-2 5.4 Impact on Environmental Resources 5-9 5.4.1 Impact on Geology, Soils and Mineral Resources 5-2 5.4.2 Impact on Air Quality 5-2 5.4.3 Impact on Noise Levels 5-4 5.4.4 Impact on Water Resources 5-5 5.4.5 Impact on Water Quality 5-6 5.5 Impact on Ecological Resources 5-6 5.6 Socio-Economic Environment 5-6 5.6.1 Impact due to Land Acquisition 5-6 5.6.2 Impact on Archeologically Important Structures/ 5-6 Monuments 5.6.3 Impact on Religious Structures and Cultural 5-6 Properties 5.6.4 Health, Safety and Hygiene of Construction 5-7 Workers 5.7 Other Impacts 5-7 5.7.1 Need to Address Pedestrian Safety along the 5-7 Internal Approach Roads 5.7.2 Provision for Solid Waste Management 5-7 Chapter - 6 Public Consultations 6-1 6.1 Background 6-1 6.2 Consultation at the Project Site (Host 6-1 Community and Residents along the Approach Roads) 6.3 Salient findings 6-2 6.3.1 Air Quality 6-2 6.3.2 Water Quality 6-3 6.3.3 Noise levels 6-3 6.3.4 Solid waste Management 6-3 6.3.5 Clogging of Surface Drains 6-3 6.3.6 Improvement of Internal Roads 6-4 6.3.7 Transportation to the Place of Work 6-4 6.3.8 Public Amenities 6-4 6.3.9 Socio-cultural Integration 6-4 6.3.10 Impacts of Proposed Project 6-4 6.4 Consultations with Project beneficiaries 6-5 6.4.1 Lack of Clarity about the Resettlement 6-6 6.4.2 Concern about the size of housing and quality of 6-7 infrastructure 6.4.4 Concerns about schooling of children 6-7 Over All Assessment of Consultations with 6-7 Beneficiary Population 6.5 Public Hearing 6-8 Chapter - 7 Mitigation Plan 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Construction Phase 7-1 7.2.1 Borrow Pit Management 7-1 7.2.2 Impact on Air Quality 7-1 7.2.3 Impact on Noise Levels 7-2 7.2.4 Impact on Access Roads and Pedestrian Safety 7-2 along the internal roads 7.2.5 Impact on Community Water Resources 7-3 7.2.6 Impact on Micro Climate 7-3 7.2.7 Improvement of Water Resource 7-4 7.2.8 Storm Water Drainage 7-4 7.2.9 Health, Safety and Sanitation at Workers Camp 7-7 7.3 Operation Phase 7-13 7.3.1 Provision for Solid Waste Management 7-13 7.3.2 Maintenance of Quality of Life 7-14 7.4 Budgetary Requirements 7-17 Chapter - 8 Environmental Monitoring and Institutional 8-1 Arrangement 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Construction Phase Monitoring 8-1 8.3 Operation Phase Monitoring 8-1 8.4 Institutional Arrangement 8-3 8.5 Budget for Environmental Monitoring 8-3 8.6 Terms of reference for Environmental 8-3 Monitoring EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table of Contents

Section Title Page No

1.0 Preamble i 2.0 Location i 3.0 Proposed Master Plan of Project Site i 4.0 CRZ Considerations i 5.0 Environmental Setting 11 6.0 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation iv 7.0 Public Consultations v 8.0 Environmental Monitoring vi 9.0 Budgetary Provision for EMP and vi Environmental Monitoring Executive Summary

1.0 Preamble

Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5166 multi storeyed tenements at Okkiyum Thoraipakkam for the Tsunami affected slum dwellers under the World Bank Assistance. Such a development, with an expected cost of about Rs. 89.13 Crores is a major housing project and as per the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), EIA Notification of 1994 (amended in 2004) requires Environmental Clearance based on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. Since the proposed site for the construction is close to the Buckingham Canal, a tidally influenced water body, an investigation with respect to the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification has also been undertaken. Further, as the project is being funded through the World Bank, it has also been assessed for its compliance with the environmental and social safeguards requirement of the Bank.

This executive summary highlights the finding of detailed study of impact of the proposed project on environmental setting and mitigation measure.

2.0 Location

The site, located at Okkiyum Thuraipakkam, Tambaram Taluk in Kanchipuram District, is surrounded by various private lands and D.B Jain College in the North, Private land in the south, Buckingham canal in the East and by Private lands abutting Old Mahabalipuram Road (now under development as the IT Corridor) in the west. The proposed site with an area of about 17.81 ha is adjacent to the relocation site for slum dwellers developed earlier by the TNSCB.

The site is a barren land with no cultivation or habitations. The site is a low-lying land about 3 m lower than the ground level at the existing tenement structures. The proximity of the site to the Buckingham Canal makes it prone to floods at times of heavy rains. The resettlement colony therefore is planned to be constructed by raising the site, above the Maximum Flood Level (MFL) 'I.

3.0 Proposed Master Plan of Project Site

The Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board has proposed 5166 tenements in an area of 17.81 hectares. The site is organized in to 9 clusters with each cluster provided with a central open space surrounded by tenement blocks. The clusters are connected to the primary access road by road of 7.2 m wide road. Public facilities at each cluster level are provided as a part of the central open space. Two 9.15 m wide secondary road running in the east-west direction divides the entire length of the site in to three halves.

The primary road is 16m in width, and the tertiary roads that open into the housing colomies are 7.2 to 6.1m wide. i For the purpose of calculating the filing quantity MFL has been taken as 2.2m above the existing ground level at site. Land use distribution details for the site are presented in Table below:

Land Use Distribution for Project Layout

Sr.No Landuse Area (Ha) Percentage 1 Residential 7.88 55.00 2 Park 1.312 9.16 3 Public Purpose 1.37 9.56 4 Commercial 0.4 2.78 5 Roads 3.363 23.5 Sub Total 14.325 100.00 CRZ Zone 3.49 Total 17.815 100.00

4.0 CRZ Considerations

The layout of the project has been developed by setting aside a 100 m wide strip of land from the boundary of the Bukingkham Canal. Therefore the proposed project does not occupy any land within the Coastal Regulation Zone. The project therefore does not require CRZ clearance.

5.0 Environmental Setting

The project site is located south of Chennai at a distance of 1-1.5km to the east of Old Mahabalipuram Road near Okkium Thoraipakkam.

Topography and Geology

The project site and areas within 5km radius are located on a flat terrain. The site itself is a plain barren land that forms part of flood plain of Buckingham Canal. Sedimentary rocks consisting of cuddalore sandstone, shoals and sandstones of upper gondwana and charnockites of Archaean era characterize the geology of the project area.

Climate

The climate is characterized by typical coastal climate with high humidity and annual average temperature in the range of 32 degree Celsius. The project experiences rainfall in the Southwest and Northeast monsoons. The annual rainfall is in the range of about 1230 mm. Rainfalls are characterized by heavy downpour resulting in water logging in low-lying areas. Gales and cyclones are experienced during the northeast monsoon.

Air Quality

The site is located about 1-1.5 km away from the only significant source of air and noise pollution in the region (Old Mahabalipuram Road). The air quality observation made near the site is presented in Table below.

ii Air Quality Observations at Okkium Thoraipakkam

Observed Values Sr.No Parameters Minimum Maximum Average 98% tile

1 TSPM 120.6 201.9 171.9 201.3 2 RPM 24.7 60.5 45.7 59.4 3 S02 10.2 14.5 12.0 14.1 4NOx 1 12.6 1 19.0 16.7 1 18.8 5 CO 0.35 0.68 0.49 0.65

Noise Levels

The noise level observations made at 4 locations along the OMR are presented in the Table below.

Noise Level Observations

Si. Noise levels (dB(A)

No. Lio L5 o L9o Leq Lday Lnight 1 NIFT, Taramani 71 66 61 68 69 65.2 2 Seevaram 71 63 57 69 70 63.3 3 Okkium 62 55 50 61 63 53.8 Thoraipakkam 4 OMR Bridge 70 64 60 67 67 65.2

The observation indicates that the air quality at Okkium Thoraipakkam site is well within the standards. Noise levels at the OMR, however, exceed the standards marginally. As the site is further east of OMR by about 1.5km, the noise level at the site are expected to get sufficiendy attenuated to be will within the standards.

Water Ouality

The nearest surface water body to the site is Buckingham Canal. The water quality in the canal indicates heavy organic pollution due to direct discharge of sewage from the unauthorized development along its banks. The ground water quality at the site is highly brackish and the water is not fit for even construction.

Archeological and Ecological Significance

The site does not have any archeologically important structure in near vicinity and does not support any ecologically important floral or faunal species.

iii Socio-economic Conditions

The project influence areas has been witnessing rapid economic growth in the recent past. Besides IT companies, the project area also boasts of a number of major Government Institutes and educational institutions including Regional Labour Institute, National Institute of Fashion Technology, VHS Hospital, Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC) and Sathyabama College of Engineering. The project influence area is predominately inhabited by working population employed in the neighboring industries and in the emerging service sector. The rapid growth of the area has also given rise to employment opportunities in construction sector.

6.0 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

The proposed project is primarily a medium scale construction project and will have moderate impacts in terms of degradation due to borrow-pit areas and deterioration of air and noise quality at the site and the haul roads. The resources requirement during construction is presented in Table below. Resources Requirement for Construction

Sr.No Item Quanity 1 Water 120 KLD 2 Earth 586005 cum 3 Blue Metal 40000cum 4 Bricks 63438 cum 5 Cement 22230 tons 6 Steel 2040 tons 7 Labour 200 persons/day

Mitigation measures have been provided by way of borrow pit management, improvement of haul routes, identification of alternative approach roads to the site to minimize concentration of impacts and restriction on noise generating activities during the night near the residential areas.

During the operation phase provision of sufficient water supply, management of wastewater, provision of surface drains and collection and disposal of solid wastes are of primary concern. The estimate quantities of water requirement, sewage and solid waste generation are presented in Table below.

Water Requirement and Sewage and Solid Waste Generation During Operation Phase

Sr.No Item Quantity 1 Water Requirement 614 KL per day 2 Sewage Generation 430 IKL per day 3 Solid Waste 5 tons per day

The water requirement during the operation phase will be met through supply by Metro Water. However, in order to meet the supply deficiency, if any, during the dry months special provision for rainwater collection has been made. For this purpose, provision of a water storage tank with holding capacity of about 130 ML has been made. The pond will be connected to suitably located self-

iv contained well shaped sumps within the resettlement area that will facilitate easy availability of water for non-potable purpose to the inhabitants. The pond will collect the surface water draining from the site through a system of surface drains equipped with sediment traps.

The site will be fully sewered and the sewage will be pumped to the nearby Perungudi Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). This will eliminate any surface water contamination or cesspool formation at the site due to stagnation of sewage.

For regular collection of solid waste generation in the colony as well as the in the host community, a provision of a corpus of 110 lakhs has been made to finance initial investment for purchase of tricycles that will be used for house to house collection of solid waste and partial contribution for wages of waste collectors. The collected waste will be taken to Perungudi dumping site through a hired truck. It is proposed that wet and dry waste will be collected at different times to encourage the habit of segregation of waste by the households.

Need to address pedestrian safety along the internal approach roads, in the light of high density of construction vehicles plying along the narrow roads in the residential area near the site has been identified as one of the important interruption. Provision of warning signals, speed moderators, improvement of road surface to withstand the wear and tear due to movement of construction vehicles has been made. Need to identify additional access roads to the site to ensure that additional traffic due to project is distributed on a number of roads and impacts to a particular locality/street are minimised has been emphasised.

7.0 Public Consultations

Under this assignment, consultations were held with three groups of project affected families; (i) occupants of resettlement housing adjoining the project site constructed earlier by the TNSCB (ii) residents living along the roads through which the construction material is likely to move from the OMR to the project site and (iii) the beneficiaries residing currently at Srinivasapuram, Foreshore estate. The observation made by public have been incorporated among the mitigation measures recommended under Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Provision for storage of rain water, collection and disposal of solid waste and safeguards to minimize the negative impacts due to the movement of construction vehicles are some of the illustrations in this context.

A major concern expressed by the beneficiaries living near Foreshore Estate pertains to the education of their children. Beneficiaries are of the view that the quality of the education near Foreshore Estate is significantly better than the resettlement location. They therefore want their children to continue their education near Srinivasapuram.

One of the possible ways to overcome the beneficiaries concern regarding the schooling of their children will be to improve public transportation to and fro the existing schools of the beneficiary population from the resettlement location. This will facilitate the children to continue their education at the present schools before new schools come up in Okkium Thoraipakkam.

v 8.0 Environmental Monitoring

TNSCB will hire an environmental consulting firm to undertake the monitoring and prepare reports for submission to the World Bank. The consulting firm will also write the terms of Reference for environmental monitoring by a reputed monitoring firm with NABL accreditation and supervise the monitoring. The consulting firm will also undertake visual observations and questionnaire based survey to ensure adequate provision and maintenance of supporting infrastructure.

9.0 Budgetary Provision for EMP and Environmental Monitoring

Estimated cost of implementing recommended environmental management measures is Rs.626.45 lakhs. The cost of environmental management plan has be been fully factored in the project cost.

The over all budgetary provision of Rs. 7.92 lakhs for environmental monitoring during the construction phase and Rs. 3.68 lakhs per year during the operation phase has been made.

vi CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION FinalReportjor Rapid EnvironmentalImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5166 multi storeyed tenements at Okkiyum Thuraipakkam for the Tsunami affected slum dwellers under the World Bank Assistance. Such a development, with an expected cost estimate at the range of 80- 90 Crores is a major project and as per the Ministry of Environment and Forests norms requires EIA clearance. Since the proposed site for the construction is close to the Buckingham Canal, a decision with respect to the project falling under the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) is also required. Funding for the project is through the World Bank and therefore it necessary to ensure the project is in comphance with the Environmental and Social Safeguards of the World Bank.

The assignment of "Environment and Social Assessment for the Construction of Tenements at Okkiyum Thuraipakkam" is to assess and evaluate environmental and social issues related to the project and provide an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for adequate mitigation. Through this process it is expected that the proposed development will be in compliance with the national environmental regulations and the World Bank Environmental Social Safeguards. The World Bank with the Government of Tamil Nadu has developed Environmental and Social MIanagement Framework (ESMF) for rehabilitation of Tsunami affected people. This assignment also ensures that the proposed development is consistent with the relevant norms of ESM\F.

1.2 Objective

The objective of Environmental and Social Assessment (Draft Final) Report is to present an evaluation of environmental and social impacts of the project with supporting information on project alternatives and baseline environment to assist the client and the World Bank to take an informed view on environmental and social sensitivity of the project and the level of required mitigations measures to meet Bank's environmental and social norms for funding such projects. To facilitate the process, the Draft Final Report, also presents a detailed Environmental MIanagement Plan (EMP) that should be adequate to address Bank's environmental and social safeguards. The report also details the outcome of stakeholder consultation with beneficiary, host and impacted communities and incorporates their concerns while recommending the mitigation measure. In addition, the report also details the environmental monitoring programme that should be put in operation during construction and operation phases of the project to provide a timely feedback on the adequacy of recommended mitigation measures.

1.3 Scope

As per the understanding of Ecosmart, following are the important elements of the assignment:

* Investigations with respect to requirement of project clearance under Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) notification.

* Identify all significant construction and operation phase activities that can lead to negative environmental impacts in terms of air and noise pollution, water pollution, visual intrusion, community severance, impacts on vegetation and land degradation

* Undertake quantitative/qualitative assessment of environmental impacts to provide requisite understanding of such impacts to all stakeholders and identify environmental management

1-1 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 1

measures that will restrict the negative impacts to an acceptable level during the construction and operation of the project

* Identify and suggest cost effective measures to upgrade and develop the environmental quality at the project location in a sustainable manner

* Conduct stakeholder consultations in the form of Focus Group Discussions to present, discuss and obtain suggestions on recommended environmental management plan before its finalization

* Provide a realistic estimate of cost of environmental management measures

* Integrate the environmental management measures with the project construction schedule and provide recommendation in a manner that can be included in construction contracts with clearly assignable responsibility and monitoring mechanism

1.4 Methodology

The Final Environmental and Social Assessment Report has been prepared following the steps listed below:

1.4.1 Familiarization with the Project

At the initial stages of the project, a site visit and reconnaissance survey was undertaken. Based on the findings Inception Report was submitted. The inception report and study methodology was discussed with the client to obtain further clarity of its scope.

1.4.2 Identification of Impacts

Based on the reconnaissance survey, secondary data, existing site conditions environmental scoping was carried out and all relevant environmental and social issues requiring investigations during the EIA were identified. All significant negative impact, were earmarked for environmental mitigation measures. The existing environmental and infrastructure conditions in the adjacent localities, earlier developed by the TNSCB were also reviewed to identify the possible shortcomings in the new settlement project.

1.4.3 EMP and Environmental Monitoring:

In order to mitigate the negative environmental and social impacts, cost effective mitigation measures were identified. The detailed plan for the management of environmental components during construction and operation phase was then formulated in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Environmental monitoring requirements to ensure effectiveness of reconunended environmental measures and compliance with environmental standards together with the institutional arrangements for their implementation were recommended. The findings of the study were submitted to the client in the form of a "Intermediate Status Report". During the course of subsequent work the recommended environmental measures were further refined.

This report presents the final recommendations for EMP and environmental monitoring. This also includes necessary steps to overcome the infrastructural bottleneck in older settlements and to meet the requirements for continued livelihood and children's' education of the beneficiary population at their preset location.

1-2 Final Reportfor Rapid Enz4vrnmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 1 1.5 Structure of the Report

The Final Report is organized in eight chapters. Introduction is presented in Chapter 1 The introduction provides a background to the project and describes the objective of this document. The methodology adopted for the assignment and organization of the report is also presented in this chapter.

Chapter 2 presents the environmental laws applicable to the project. This chapter summarizes the environmental legislations having a bearing on the project and the interface needed between the Government Departments and the project for requisite approvals and consents of the respective agencies.

Chapter 3 Project Description, contains a description of the various proposed elements of the project viz. layout design, associated facilities, construction methodology and raw material requirement and provides the reader a comprehensive understanding of the project.

Chapter 4 describes the environmental components in the project area. The focus of this chapter is primarily on the existing physical, environmental and ecological resources and land use of the project area. It also contains baseline information on ambient air quality, noise level, water and soil quality of the project area.

Chapter 5 presents the analysis of impacts on the environmental and social aspects of the project site as a result of the proposed development.

Chapter 6 covers the public consultations and describes the outcome of consultation with the host community, people residing close to the site who may be affected by the movement of construction material and the project beneficiaries. The findings have been used to augment the EMP measures presented in Chapter 7.

Chapter 7 is the key chapter of the report and presents the mitigation plan. Budget estimate for implementing the suggested measures is also provided.

Chapter 8 covers the institutional and monitoring requirements to implement environmental mitigation measures and to assess their adequacy during project implementation. Budgetary provisions for environmental monitoring are also presented.

1-3 CHAPTER 2

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the environmental legislations having a bearing on the project and the coordination needed between TNSCB and the Government Departments for requisite approvals and consents of the respective agencies.

2.2 Statutes Related to Environment

7arious laws and policies of the Central (Gol) and the State Government having a bearing on the project are discussed below.

2.2.1 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 This act is promulgated to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith. The Wildlife Protection Act has allowed the Government to establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries over the past 25 years, to protect and conserve the flora and fauna of the State. There are no Wild Life Sanctuaries and endangered flora and fauna. This act is therefore not applicable on the project.

2.2.2 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The basic objective of this Act is to maintain and restore the wholesomeness of the country's aquatic resources by prevention and control of pollution. Water is a state subject under the constitution. Consequently, the Water Act, a Central law, was enacted under Article 252(1) of the Constitution, which empowers the Union Government to legislate in a field reserved for the States. All the States have approved implementation of the water Act. As during construction, it is likely that the ground water quality and surface water quality may be altered. Therefore this act is applicable on the project.

2.2.3 The Forest (Conservation) Act, as amended in 1980

The Act pertains to the cases of diversion of forestland and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are applied for at the following governmental levels. a) Forest land

Restrictions and clearance procedures proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act apply wholly to the natural forest areas, even in case the protected/designated forest area does not have any vegetation cover. As the site does not fall in forest area, this Act is not applicable to the project.

2.2.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

The Union Government under Article 253 of the Constitution passed this Statute. This Act provides for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution and confers powers to the Central and State Pollution Control Board with a view to carry out the aforesaid purposes. This act is applicable on the project.

The State Pollution Control Board is empowered to set air quality standards and monitor and prosecute offenders under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The responsibility for monitoring vehicular air and noise pollution lies with the State Transport Authority

2-1 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 2

(STA), not with the PCB. During the construction phase, air quality may be impacted by the movement of vehicles for transportation of materials and manpower .Therefore this act is applicable.

2.2.5 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

The Union Government has laid down statutory norms to regulate and control noise levels to prevent their adverse effects on human health and the psychological well being of the people. The rules tided Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 have come into force at February 14, 2000. Under the new regulation, different areas and zones are to be identified as industrial, commercial, and residential or silence areas and anyone exceeding the specified noise level would be liable for action. In industrial areas, the noise level limit during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) is 75 decibels and during night (10 pm to 6 am) 70 decibels. Similarly, for commercial areas day time limit is 65 decibels and night limit is 55 decibels. In the case of residential areas, the limits are respectively 55 and 45 decibels and for the silence zones, 50 and 40 decibels. As the project requires considerable construction activities and movement of construction material, the is applicable to the project.

2.2.6 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The Union Government under Article 253 of the Constitution passed this Statute. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 seeks to achieve the objective of protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith. This legislation enables the co-ordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, setting up of an authority or authorities with advocate powers for environmental protection etc. This act is applicable on the project.

The Amendment dated 4th May, 1994 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 requires every promoter of major infrastructure projects, including development of large settlements with project cost of Rs. 500 million rupees and above, or projects intended for 1000 persons or more or would discharge 50,000 litres or more of sewage, would require an EIA under the ELA notification act of 1986.

The proposed project therefore requires environmental clearance from MOEF as projects meets of the above cnteria.

2.2.7 Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989

In 1989, the Central Motor Vehicles Rules introduced nation wide emission levels for both petrol and diesel driven vehicles. Rule 115(1) requires that every motor vehicle be manufactured and maintained so that smoke, visible vapours, grits, sparks, ashes, cinders are not emitted when the vehicle is driven. Emission standards for petrol and diesel vehicles have been specified by the motor vehicles rules. This act is applicable.

2.3 Institutional Framework

Development of environmental protection and enhancement measures in India has been determined to a considerable extent by the central legislation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MIoEF), set up in 1980, is the controlling institution in this regard. The other institutions at the state levels that have a bearing on environmental management and regulations are discussed below.

2-2 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 2

2.3.1 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board

The TNPCB is the nodal body involved in monitoring the various industries and infrastructure related development projects from the angle of pollution control. It also formulates and stipulates the various standards for the various emissions, discharge of effluents, by-products and pollutants into the environment.

The functions of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) include advising the State Government on water pollution issues, enforcement and monitoring as per the Air Act, co- coordinating the activities of the regional offices of the pollution control board. It also issues "No Objection" Certificates (NOC) for establishment of new projects, environmental clearance of projects and conducting public hearing with respect to developmental projects. It also issues consent letters and NOC for projects involving expansion. The project site would come under its purview.

The Project would require No Objection Certificate and clearance from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.For large scale construction activities, an EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) is required, and needs clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MIoEF)

2.3.2 Local Body Administration

According to the Tamil Nadu Municipalities and Urban Local bodies Act of 1919 and 1998, Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act 1958 and Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning act-1971, it is mandatory that any new development with in an local body administrative lirnit should get necessary approvals for its compliances with the minimum planning and building standards prescribed by the respective department. The site falls with in the limnit of Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority administrative limit and hence would require such approval for the proposed development.

2.4 Environment and Social Management Framework Requirements

Since the World Bank, is funding the Project for Tsunami affected persons, it needs to be in concurrence of the ESMF requirements. The ESMF provides the environmental and social requirement and guidelines that needs to be followed by Government of Tamilnadu and Government of Pondicherry to revive the livelihoods and promote recovery in the Tsunami affected areas. The ESMF covers project that support repair and reconstruction, livelihood restoration, restoration of damaged Agri-horticultural lands, repair/reconstruct damaged infrastructure in animal husbandry sector, and repair, reconstruct, upgrade public buildings and works, and provide technical assistance, training and project management.

Under the ESMF the following steps have to be carried out that are found relevant to this project: a. Screening Process

This is the first step in the ESMF Process. The main objective is to identify subprojects, which have little or no environmental or social issues so that they can move to implementation in accordance with pre-approved standards or codes of practices or other pre-approved guidelines for environmental and social management. The screening process requires consideration of the guidelines provided in the detailed ESMIF document

2-3 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 2 b. Consultations and Disclosure

The ESMIF is based on a participatory approach. The government will ensure that the affected people are consulted in a meaningful way and allowed to participate actively in the consultation process. Therefore all stakeholders including the host communities and the project beneficiaries would have to be consulted before implementing the project.

1. The environmental clearance and No Objection Certificate requirement under the ESMIF are consistent to Government of India and State Government norms and have been already covered under the sections above.

2.5 Responsibilities of the Project Promoter

The responsibility of initiating actions leading to issuance of environmental clearance or obtaining NOC/Consent for establishing and operating a proposed project vests with the project promoter. In the present instance, TNSCB would be carrying the legal responsibilities of the project promoter.

The basic responsibility of the project promoter is to prepare, submit, complete project information in all respect to the TNPCB. It shall be obliged to provide clarification, with or without additional documentation, when intimated by the designated authority. It must carry the commitment that no deviation from designed project would be made during implementation without prior and explicit permission of the designated authority to do so.

2-4 CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Constructionof Tenements at Okkium Thorazpakkam CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This Project is intended for rehabilitation of Tsunami affected slum dwellers. The project aims to accommodate 5166 families at Okkium Thuraipakkam in an area of 17.81 ha. The detailed master plan for the project has been developed by TNSCB and is presented in detail below. The other site characteristics, locational aspects and material requirements for construction of tenements is also described in detail.

3.1 Criteria for Selection of Site

The tsunami-affected areas in Chennai have been spread over the entire coastline. The affected population has been primarily fishermen and the remaining population too had work associated with the fishing activities or the coastal infrastructure. Therefore, the priority while identifying the lands for the resettlement of the affected population was to locate them as close as possible to the seacoast. Due to the limited availability of land within the Chennai City, effort were made to identify land parcels along the seacoast, in the Northern and Southern parts, adjacent to the Chennai. Only four land parcels, two in the northern side (AIR site and BSNL site) and two in the southern side (Okkium and Samancherry) could be identified in the process and were found to be sufficiently large to accommodate the affected population. As these identified land parcels provided just adequate capacity to accommodate the affected population, the choice of selection was limited. Because of these given conditions the environmental and social considerations at these land parcels primarily focused in identifying the important issues, their impacts and recommend adequate mitigation measures, to ensure that the proposed development does not have any adverse impacts at the site and at the host community level.

In view of the limited availability of sites for re-settlement, the primary criteria for selection was the availability of adequate lands with minimum encumbrances to ensure that the secondary resettlement impacts related to the site were inimrum. It was considered that any other environmental and social impacts of the proposed development would be adequately managed through suitable mitigation measures.

The Okkium site was considered to be one of the best sites for the re-habilitation for the following season:

1. The site was totally free of encroachments. 2. The site was totally devoid of vegetation and therefore environmental impacts in terms of tree cutting and removal of vegetation were totally absent 3. The site is very close to the Chennai City and has very good road and rail connectivity thus providing easy access to the work places of the beneficiaries. 4. The site is located in one of those areas, which are witnessing fastest economic growth in Chennai, and thus provides opportunities for economic rehabilitation of the beneficiaries.

3.2 Site Location

The site, located at Okkiyum Thuraipakkam, Tambaram Taluk in Kancheepuram District, is surrounded by various private lands and D.B Jain College in the North, Private land in the

3-1 Final Reportfor Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 3

south, road abutting Buckingham canal in the East and by Private lands abutting Old Mahabalipuram Road (Now under development as the IT Corridor) in the west. A key map depicting the location of the site from the IT Corridor is presented in Figure 1. The proposed site with an area of about 17.81 ha is adjacent to the relocation site for slum dwellers developed by the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board. The site situated along the Old Mahabalipuram Road viz. IT Corridor at a chainage of 18400 is about 1.5 km east of the road. A map of the proposed site is shown in Figure 2.

3.3 Site Description

The site is a barren land with no cultivation or habitations. Remnants of temporary settlements offered for Tsunami affected people were seen in the site. These temporary settlements have now been removed and the site is free from any kind of occupancy. The site is a low-lying land i.e., about 3 m lower than that of the ground level of existing tenement structures. The proximity of the site to the Buckingham Canal makes it prone to flood at times of heavy rain. It was observed that the site was inundated with rainwater upto a height of 3 m during the month of October - November 2005. The land where tenements have been constructed earlier has been filled with earth to a height of 3 m, which implies that the proposed site too needs fling to be brought to the same level. Except for a sewer line along the approach road no evidence of anthropogenic activity are seen in the site. The proposed Site and the natural drainage canal running on the north side of the site is presented in Figure 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5.

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Satellite Photograph of the Project Site and Surrounding

3-2 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 3

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3-3 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 3

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Figure No.3.3 Site for the proposed construction of tenements (North Side)

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Figure No.3.4 Site for the proposed construction of tenements (South Side)

Figure No.3.5 Natural Drainage running to the north of the project site

3-5 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 3

3.4 Coastal Regulation Zone

The CRZ Notification (as amended on May 21, 2002) restricts any development activity within the Coastal Regulation Zone. The Notification specifies the width of the Coastal Regulation Zone as 100 m or width of the canal, whichever is less for tidally influenced water bodies such as the Buckingham Canal. The project site is in close proxiinity to the Buckingham Canal, which is a tidally influenced water body and hence subject to the CRZ Notification. The Buckingham Canal on the eastern side of the site has an original design width of 25 m, hence the Coastal Regulation Zone for the Canal shall be 25 m on either sides of the Canal. The layout drawings for the proposed structure makes it clear that the Site is about 100 m away from the Buckingham Canal and does not occupy any land within the Coastal Regulation Zone. While a setback of 25 m from the Canal is sufficient to make the project free from CRZ the design has been made with a clearance of 100 m. Therefore clearance for the project under CRZ Regulations is not required.

3.5 Site Suitability

As the funding for the project is through the World Bank, it is desirable that a Level 1 Site Assessment be carried out. Essentially, the objective of a Level 1 Site Assessment is to ascertain if any cleanup or remediation of the site from hazardous materials is required. If any evidence of hazardous material disposed in the site is seen, a Level 2 Site Assessment is required. For this purpose a complete walkthrough of the site was conducted and the environmental features in the site and surrounding areas were noted. The findings of the Level 1 Site Assessment indicate that: * The site is a virgin land with no evidence of hazardous activity undertaken at any time in the past.

* The site is a complete plain area with no evidence of clandestine burial of industrial waste.

* No habitations were seen in the site and hence no resettlement of Project Affected Families arises. In view of the above, the site does not require any further investigation from the point of view of Level 2 Site Assessment.

3.6 Proposed Master plan of Project Site

The main road is 16m in width, and the tertiary roads that open into the housing colonies are 7.2 to 6.1m wide. The Master Plan for the Okkium Resettlement site is presented in Figure 3.6.

Land Use Distribution details for the project are presented in Table 3.1.

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Table 3.1: Land Use Distribution for the Proposed Settlement

3.7 Estimation of Quantities of Materials for Construction of Tenements

3.7.1 Foundation

Based on the soil tests carried out by Anna University, driven cast-in-situ piles 330 mm dia are proposed for foundation. The length of the piles will be of the order of 15.00 m to 19.00m from the virgin soil since the depth at which very hard stratum/highly weathered rock occurs only at this depth. Further filling to a depth of about 2.10m from the existing ground level is to be made to bring the surface in level with the adjoining areas. Hence, the total depth of piles to be adopted will be about 18.50m (average). Driven cast-in-situ piles of 330mm dia in M20 concrete is proposed for this project. The piles are required to be connected by grade beams. For 1 block of 18 tenements, 31 Nos. of piles are to be adopted for the type design 3/2001.

3.7.2 Brick Work in CM 1:5 and CM 1:6

All the walls adopted in Basement and superstructure are load bearing walls resting over the grade beams. For Basement, brickwork of 230 mm thick in CM 1:5 is adopted. The height of basement proposed is 0.63 m from the formation level. For superstructure, brickwork of 230 mm thickness is adopted in CM 1:6. The height of brickwork adopted for each storey is 2.80m. A parapet wall is also proposed for a height of 0.61m.

3.7.3 RCC works in 1: 11/2: 3

Besides pile foundation and grade beams, continuous lintels are to be provided for each storey in RCC 1: 11/2 : 3. Also floor and roof slabs and staircases are to be provided in RCC 1: 11/2: 3.

3.7.4 Flooring Concrete in 1:5:10

Flooring concrete for the ground floor tenements are to be provided with 1:5:10 concrete using 40mm metal. Over which, plastered flooring in CM 1:4, 20mm thick will be provided.

3.7.5 Plastering Works in 1:5

All the internal and external wall plastering are to be carried out in CM 1:5, 12mm thick.

3-8 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 3

3.7.6 Steel

Steel in used in RCC work only. This quantity is multiplied by 80 kg/m3 to arrive at steel quantity. Based on this number of Trucks are calculated by dividing the quantity by 10 Tonnes.

3.7.7 Earth

The extent of land area is 19.75 Ha. This entire land area is raised by 2.2m by filling earth brought from borrow pits located 10km for the site. An allowance of 20% is assumed for voids. In addition the basement of each block is also filled with earth for 0.75m heights. The sum of these two gives us the Total quantity. The number of trucks is then calculated based on this.

3.7.8 Water for Construction

The quantity of water for construction is calculated at the rate of 30 liters /cement bag. It is further assumed that 12kl tankers will bring water for construction.

3.7.9 Drinking Water

CMWSSB has agreed to supply fresh water for drinking. It is stored in the Sump. From the Sump it is pumped to individual tanks located on the roof of each block. Each block will have 18 small Sintex tanks.

Estimated Quantity of Material for Construction

No of Trucks Water Supply Description of Quantity in Tankers Work (cum) Brick Metal Sand Steel Cement Earth Constru Drinking

Brick Work in CM 63438 9516 3357 153 1:5 and CM 1:6 ____ RCC work in 1: 11/2 : 3 concrete for Column footing, 32805 5555 2778 438 Beams and Roof Slab, etc Flooring base 8730 1479 740 41 concrete in 1:5:10 8 Plastering Walls & 11349------2002 --- 109 -- Floors in CM 1:5

Steel Tones 904 Earth Filling for site development 586002 ------103352 and Basement Total, 9516 7034 8877 204 741 103352 3,650 45

3-9 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Constructionof Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 3

Foot Note: Brick required is 3000nos per truck Sand required is 5.67m3 per truck Metal required is 5.67m3 per truck Steel required is 10 Tones per truck Cement required is 600 bags per truck Earth required is 5.67m3 per truck Water required (through tankers) is 3,650 tankers

3.7.10 Construction Schedule

It is expected that the project activities would be completed over a timeframe of 12 months.

3-10 CHAPTER 4

ENVIRONMENT SETTING FinalReport for Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4

ENVIRONMENT SETTING

4.1 Introduction

The project site is located south of Chennai at a distance of 1 - 1.5km to the east of Old Mahabalipuram Road near Okkium Thoraipakkam. The Buckingham canal flows close to the project site. Another water body Pallikaranai marsh near Perungudi is located west of the project site. This section presents the details on the environmental setting of the site in terms of salient characteristics of physical and living environment around the site.

4.2 Topography

The project site and areas within 5km radius is located on a flat terrain. The site itself is a plain barren land that forms part of flood plain of Buckingham Canal. IL&FS Ecosmart had conducted primary environmental monitory along Old Mahabalipuram Road(OMR) in July - September 2004. The site being within one kilometer to OMR and the data being of recent past, it has been used to define the base line conditions in the project area. During the present assignment, however, ground water yield test and characterization was undertaken as an additional data generation activity.

4.3 Geology

Sedimentary rocks consisting of cuddalore sandstone, shoals and sandstones of upper gondwana and charnockites of Archaean era characterize the geology of the project area.

4.4 Seismic Zone

The city of Chennai lies in seismic zone III.

4.5 Climate

The climate is characterized by typical coastal clmate with high humidity and annual average temperature in the range of 32 degree Celsius. The project experiences rainfall in the Southwest and Northeast monsoons. The annual rainfall is in the range of about 1230 mm. Rainfalls are characterized by heavy downpour resulting in water logging in low-lying areas. Gales and cyclones are experienced during the northeast monsoon.

4.5.1 Micro Meteorology of the Project area

A Meteorological station equipped with continuous monitoring equipment to record wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, temperature was set-up at Perungudi site at the top of a commercial building about 6.0 m above ground level. The meteorological data at this location was monitored for one month from 27th June to 26th July 2004. The monitoring observations are given below.

* Temperature The mean maximum temperature during the study period was observed to be 38.4°C whereas the mean minimum temperature was observed to be 23°C.

4-1 FinalReport for Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Constnrction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

* Relative Humidity The maximum and minimum relative humidity recorded during the study period is 8 8 % and 30% respectively.

* Wind Pattern during the study period Predominant winds are from west and southeast direction followed by winds from southwest direction. The winds from W were observed for 26.9% of the total time. The wind speeds were in the range of 5.1-11.0 Km/h for more than 80% of the time indicating wind conditions conducive for good dispersion and dilution of air pollutants. Calm condition was observed only 0.3 % of the time. The wind rose is shown in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1: Windrose of Project Area

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4-2 Fifnal Report for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

4.5.2 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area

The ambient air quality with respect to the study area forms the baseline information. The sources of air pollution in the region are vehicular traffic, dust arising from the unpaved road. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to the standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed project.

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network and is based on the following considerations: * Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; * Topography of the study area; * Representative of background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and * Representative likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at two locations along the corridor with due consideration to the above-mentioned points a) Frequency and Parameters for Sampling Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per week for a period of three months July - October 2004). 24 hourly samples were collected twice a week for 12 weeks for Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 ) and Oxides of Nitrogen (No.). 8 hourly samples for 24 hours were collected twice a week for 12 weeks for Carbon monoxide (CO). b) Ambient Air Quality Locations In order to assess the quality of ambient air along the highway, samples were collected for important parameters like SPM, RPM, SO2 , NO, and CO. Ambient air quality stations were set up at three different locations. The sampling locations and the location profile are given in Table 4.1. Figure 4.2 shows the location of the monitoring stations.

Table 4.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Ambient Sl. Air Quality Location Description No Monitoring Station 1 \AAQ-1 Madhya Kailash, Adyar The sampling station was located at Cancer Institute premises. The sampler was installed about 2.0 meters height from ground level and free from any obstructions. This area has heavy traffic movement. 2 AAQ-2 Tidel Park, Taramani The sampler was installed on top of the security building of Tidel Park about 3.5 meters height from ground level free from any obstructions. This stretch has medium to heaw traffic. 3 AAQ-3 Okkium Thoraipakkam The sampler was installed on top of a commercial building about 4.0 m high from ground level free from any obstructions. This area has medium traffic

4-3 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact ,4ssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Figure 4.2: Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

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4-4 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

c) Ambient Air Quality results and discussion

The 98 percentile; arithmetic means, maximum and minimum values, standard deviation of TSPM, SPM, RSPM, SO 2, NO., and CO levels recorded and computed at all the sampling locations are discussed below. The summary of Ambient Air Quality monitoring is presented in Table 4.2 and the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) presented in Table- 4.3. The 24 hourly data of all the locations for the entire period of monitoring is included as Annexure 2 of this report.

The air quality observations are presented in Table.4.2

Table 4.2: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Parameters AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 Minimum 187.3 175.6 120.6 Maximum 286.2 251.6 201.9 TSPM Average 243.6 215.3 171.9 98%tile 285.8 251.6 201.3 Minimum 59.7 44.8 24.7 Maximum 98.3 85.5 60.5 RPM Average 81.6 67.9 45.7 98%tile 97.9 85.5 59.4 Minimum 17.8 16.4 10.2 Maximum 28.0 21.7 14.5 S0 2 Average 22.2 19.1 12.0 98%tile 27.4 21.6 14.1 Minimum 22.4 19.5 12.6 Maximum 32.5 28.4 19.0 NOx Average 27.1 23.9 16.7 98%tile 32.3 27.8 18.8 Minimum 0.48 0.20 0.35 Maximum 0.93 0.82 0.68 CO Average 0.69 0.55 0.49 98%tile 0.91 0.78 0.65 3 A11 values are expressed in pIg/m except CO in ppm

Table 4.3: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Concentration in Ambient Air Sensitive Residential and Industrial Zone rural area Zone Total Suspended Particulate 100 200 500 Matter (4tg/m3) Respirable Particulate Matter 75 100 150 (Vjg/M 3 ) Sulphur dioxide (jig/m3) 30 80 120 Oxides of Nitrogen (jig/m3) 30 80 120 Carbon monoxide (ppm) 0.8 1.6 4.0

The results show that all parameters are well within the prescribed limits for residential and rural area except the SPM values at AAQ-1, AAQ-2 and AAQ-3 are higher than the prescribed limits,

4-5 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4 this may be attributed to the local ambient conditions, poor quality of existing road and degraded shoulders and higher anthropogenic activity in the area represented by the sampling location.

4.5.3 Ambient Noise Level

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. The noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities like, commercial activities, traffic, etc. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table 4.4. Figure 4.3 shows the location of the monitoring stations.

Table 4.4: Details of Noise Monitoring Stations SL.N Location Code 0 1 NIFT, Taramani Nl 2 Seevaram N2 3 Okkium Thoraipakkam N3 4 OMR Bridge N4

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at all locations, with an interval of about 1 minute per hour for 24 hr. The day noise level has been monitored during 7 AM. to 10 P.M. and night levels during 10 P.M. to 7 AM. at all locations.

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of the noise levels is described below:

-L1 o is noise level exceeded 10% of the time; -Lso is noise level exceeded 50% of the time; and -L9s, is noise level exceeded 90% of the time. a) Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)

The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated form the following equation:

L q(hrly) = L50+ (Lio - L9 o)2/60

Lday: Is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (7 AM. to 10 P.M.).

Ln,ght: Is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 P.M. to 7 A.M.).

4-6 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Figure 4.3: Location of Noise level Monitoring Stations

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4-7 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

The summary of computed noise level parameters for all 5 sampling locations are presented in Table 4.5. Table 4.5: Ambient Noise levels

Si. Noise levels (dB(A)) No. Lno L5 L09 Leq Lday Lnight Nl NIFI, Taramani 71.1 65.8 60.9 68.2 69.3 65.2 N2 Seevaram 70.6 62.8 56.9 68.5 70.0 63.3 N3 Okkium 61.5 54.9 50.1 60.9 62.6 53.8 Thoraipakkam I_II_ N4 OMR Bridge 70.2 64.1 59.9 66.5 67.1 65.2

Ambient Noise standards are presented in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Ambient Noise Standards

Area Category Area Limits in iB (A) Leq Code Day Time Night Time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence Area 50 40 1) Daytime is reckoned in between 6.a.m. and 9 p.m. 2) Night Time is reckoned in between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m.

* Day time Noise levels (L day) The day time noise levels at all the locations are observed to be in the range of 62.6 dB (A) - 70.0 dB (A). The Maximum noise level was observed 70.0 dB (A) at Seevaram. The standards are exceeded at other locations by 7.6 to 15 decibels.

* Night time Noise levels (L night) The night time noise levels at all the locations are observed to be in the range of 53.8 dB (A) -65.2 dB (A). The Maximum noise level was observed 65.2 dB (A) at NIFT, Taramani. The nighttime standards are seen to be exceeding at most locations by about 8.8 to 20.2 decibels.

The ambient noise level at the project site that is more than 1 km from the road is not expected to get affected by vehicular traffic on the road and expected to remain within standards as the site does not have presence of any noise generating sources.

4.6 Drainage System

The Buckingham Canal, a man-made watercourse, vertically divides Chennai city and runs parallel to the coast, almost through the entire length of the city. The project corridor traverses parallel to the Buckingham canal. The central reach of Buckingham Canal also known as Middle Buckingham Canal and Central Buckingham Canal links Couvum River in the north and Adyar River in the south. The canal however receives sewage from the unauthorized hutments located along its banks. The hutment dwellers Plate 4.1 shows garbage and plastic wastes floating in Buckingham canal.

4-8 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Plate 4.1: Plastic wastes floating in Buckingham Canal

- -

Pallikaranai marsh near Perungudi is located west of the corridor. Solid waste disposal is seen in the Pallikaranai marsh area. Plate 4.2 shows garbage dumping at Pallikaranai Marsh.

Plate 4.2: Indiscriminate Garbage dumping at Pallikaranai Marsh

4.6.1 Surface Water Quality

For studying the surface water quality of the region, a sample was collected from Buckingham Canal near the site and analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics heavy metals and bacteriological parameters as per CPCB guidelines and approved methods.

Sample for chemical analysis was collected in two polyethylene carboys and one of them was acidified for metal analysis (1 ml HNO3 ). Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Parameters analyzed at site were pH, temperature, and D.O using portable water kit. D.O. was determined by chemical method by fixing it immediately after collection. The water sampling results are presented in the Table 4.7.

4-9 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Table 4.7: Surface Water Quality

SI. Parameters Unit Limits Buckingham No. as per Canal near IS CPT 2296 SWi 1 pH 6.5-8.5 7.3 2 Temperature °C NS 31.0 3 Colour Pt Co NS 6 4 Odour NS Earthy 5 Conductivity jtS/cm NS 5200 6 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 1500 3340 7 Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) NS 65 8 Total Hardness as (mg/1) NS 900 CaCO3 9 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) >4.0 3.5 10 BOD (3 days at 270C) (mg/1) 3.0 15 11 Total Alkalinity as (mg/l) NS 700 CaCO3 12 Nitrate as NO3 (mg/1) 50 3.9 13 Fluoride as F (mg/i) 1.5 0.5

14 Residual Chlorine as C12 (mg/i) NS <0.2 15 Chlorides as Cl (mg/i) 600 1701 16 Calcium as Ca (mg/i) NS 192 17 Magnesium as Mg (mg/1) NS 102 18 Sodium as Na (mg/1) NS 837 19 Potassium as K (mg/,) NS 4

20 Sulphates as S0 4 (mg/l) 400 12.8 21 Phosphates (mg/i) NS 3.2 22 Oil & Grease (mg/1) NS 4.0 23 Cyanide as CN (mg/1) 0.05 <0.02 24 Arsenic as As (mg/i) 0.2 <0.01 25 Mercury as Hg (mg/1) NS <0.001 26 Lead as Pb (mg/i) 0.1 <0.01 27 Cadmium as Cd (mg/i) 0.01 <0.004 28 Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/1) 0.05 <0.01 29 Zinc as Zn (mg/1) NS 0.12 30 Total Iron as Fe (mg/l) 50 1.3 31 Insecticides & Pesticides (mg/i) Presen Absent t/ Absent 32 Phenolic compound as (mg/i) 0.005 <0.001 C 6 H6OH 33 Total Selenium as Se (mg/i) NS <0.01 34 Total Nickel as Ni (mg/1) NS <0.01 35 Total Coliforms MPN 5000 820 /100 ml NS - Not Specified ND: Not Detected UO: Un-Objectionable

4-10 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

The results of water quality analysis indicate significant level of organic pollution of Buckingham canal.

4.7 Ground Water

Investigations on groundwater were conducted from the point of view of ground water quality and ground water yield during 3rd week of April 2006 and comprised of various components like Earth Resistivity Test (ERT) for obtaining the sub surface soil profile, driling of exploratory tube well, conducting yield test and collection and analysis of ground water sample from the tube well.

4.7.1 Geology

Geologically the area under reference falls in a costal alluvial zone. The thickness of alluvial formations ranges from 10 to 15 m. with thickness increasing towards east. The alluvium consists of sand, clay and mixture of sand and clay. The alluvial sediments suffer from marine influence as weDl as the salt water carrying Buckingham canal located within 150m towards east. The underlying formations are of archean age and chamockite is the base rock. These rocks have sufficient degree of weathering and fractures and hence form moderately potential aquifers. However these rocks are also influenced by the marine environment and hence contain poor quality of water.

4.7.2 Earth Resistivity Test

This test was conducted in the form of a Vertical Electrical Sounding (YES) using a DC resistivity meter and adopting Schlumberger Configuration with maximum current electrode spacing of 60 m. The resistivity data was analysed using a computer assisted interpretation technique to arrive at the geoelectric parameters. The geoelectric layers were further inferred in terms of hydrogeology. The thickness of alluvial sand was estimated to be about 12 m below ground level. The alluvium is followed by hard rock with high disintegration and fractures. The resistivity data indicated very poor quality of ground water for the entire depth.

4.7.3 Exploratory Drilling

A tube well combining the alluvium as well as hard rock was drilled using a manual drilling technique followed by the use of Pneumatic drilling machine. Slotted and plain casings were inserted at appropriate depths. The total depth of the tube well was 30 m. The soil samples colected during drilling were used to prepare a litholog presented in plate 4.3.

4.7.4 Yield Test

AT the end of completion of tube well yield test was conducted using a jet pump with suction level kept at 27m. The static water level and pumping water level were measured til stability is obtained. The discharge maintained during pumping was 43 lpm.

On the basis of results of yield test the specific capacity of the formation was calculated as 16.54 lpm/m d.d and safe yield is estimated as 170 lpm. The aquifer characteristics were also estimated using discharge - draw down data. The Transmisisvity (T) of the aquifer is estimated as 8.9 m2/day and Permeability (K) as 0.89 m/day considering a saturated thickness as 10m.

4-11 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

4.7.5 Water quality

The Electrical Conductivity of the ground water at various depths was measured during drilling. The E.C value at 4 m was measured as 8800 I1S/cm. The values at 12, 17, 24, and 29 m were ranging from 1,03,000 to 1,08,000 I1S/cm. Water sample was collected at the end of yield test and the same was subjected to chemical analysis in order to assess the suitability of the water for drinking and construction purposes.

The analysis result indicated a TDS value of 86,004 ppm, Chloride as 48212 ppm and Sulphates as 67,020 ppm. Iron also is present with 9.3 ppm concentration. Comparing the concentration of various parameters specified for drinking and construction water, it is found that the water quality is not suitable for either of the purposes.

4.8 Soil type The soil is typical coastal alluvium. The soil type ranges from sandy clay to sandy clay loam. The sand percentage ranging from 42% to 52%.

4.8.1 Soil Quality

Two locations along the existing Highway were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90cm below the surface and homogenized. The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 4.10 and the results are given in Table 4.11. Figure 4.5 shows the soil sampling locations.

Table 4.10: Details of sampling locations

Sl.No Location Distance from Madhya Kailash Code (Kmn) 1 Taramani 2.5 Si 2 Perungudi 7.5 S2

Table 4.11: Soil Analysis Results

Sl. No. Parameter Si S2 I Texture Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sand (/o) 52 48 Silt (%/o) 10 14 Clay (%/) 38 38 2 pH 7.3 7.5 3 Electrical Conductivity ([tmho/cm) 141 81 4 Moisture (0C) 14 7 5 Permeability (cm/sec) 3.1x10-3 3.5 x10 3 6 Organic Carbon (%) 0.8 0.6 7 Chloride as Cl (mg/kg) 72.0 74.5 8 Available Nitrogen as N (%) 0.11 0.56 9 Available Potassium as K(mg/kg) 90.5 104.0 10 Available Sodium as Na (mg/kg) 71.0 30.7 11 Sodium Absorption Ratio SAR 0.6 0.3

4-12 F-p cDn

-, - t - , - St O

b'I -- .- - FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

The results of yield test and water quality analysis are presented in Table 4.8 and Table 4.9 respectively.

Table - 4.8 :Results of Ground Water Quality Analysis Location: Okkiyam Thorapakkam Source: Tube Well Sample: 95 Feet (after pumping test)

Limits for Permissible constructi Desirable absence Si. Particulars on as per Quantity Limits for absence Units No. is in Sample drinking alternative 456:2000 source for drinking

1 Electrical - 104300 750 3000 IlS/cm @ Conductivity (E.C) 250C

2 pH >6 6.8 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

3 Calcium (Ca) - 1200 75 200 mg/L

4 MIagnesium (MIg) 4013 30 100

5 Sodium (Na) 25300

6 Potassium (K) 360

7 Bicarbonate 305 366

(HC03)

8 Carbonate (C03) 0

9 Sulfate (S04) 400 6720 200 400

10 Chloride (CI) 500/RCC; 48212 250 1000

2000/PC

11 Nitrate (N03) 16 50 50

12 Total Dissolved 3000 86004 500 2000 Solids (TDS)

13 Total Hardness as 19500 300 600

CaCO3 (TH)..

14 Total Alkalinity as 300 200 600 CaCO3

15 Iron as Fe _ 9.3 0.3 1.0

4-14 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Table - 4.9: Results of Yield Test

1 Location Okkiyam Thorapakkam 2 Type of Well Tube well combining alluvium. and hard rock 3 Tota depth 30 meters (15m + 15 m) 4 Diameter 150/100 mm 5 Pump Type Jet pump - Two stage 6 Horse Power IHP 7 Suction/Delivery Size 1 1/2 xl" 8 Height of measuring point above GL 0.69 m 9 Initial water level below G.L 0.75 m 10 Pumping rate 43 Ipm (Discharge rate in 1pm or lph) 11 Duration of Pumping 75 min 12 Pumping water level below G.L 3.35 m 13 Total drawdown (P.W.L- S.W.L) 2.6 m 14 Specific capacity 16.54 Ipm per m drawdown 15 Safe Yield 170 Ipm 16 Transmissivity (T) 8.9 m2/day 17 Permeability (K) 0.89 m/day 18 Total Dissolved Solids 86004 ppm

In addition borehole investigations were carried out at 2 locations to identify the suitability of the soil material for constructing the formation of embankment. The soil investigation locations are listed in Table 4.12. This is the nearest available location.

4.9 Ecological Resources

The ecological resources refer to the flora and fauna of the region and their interaction with the physical environment. An area of 5 km radius from the site is covered for the purpose.

4.9.1 Terrestrial Flora

An indicative list of common terrestrial flora as recorded in Satyanilayam, a religious and academic institution located on the Eastern side of Buckingham canal is given in Table 4.14. These species are seen almost throughout the IT corridor. All these species are of great economic importance. None of them is facing any danger of extinction and are not exotic to the area.

4-15 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Figure 4.5: Location of Soil Sampling Stations

%IAOYIAMO NAMN

* * ,a, Sam lin

416Propad .

S EN'j rter'

*l Soil Sapln Locaion

4-1 FinalReport for Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

Table 4.14: Tree species seen in the Project area SI. No. Botanical name Common name 1. Borassusflabellifer Palm 2. Odinawodlyar Odiyan 3. A !adirachtaindica Neem 4. Cocos nucifer Coconut 5. Polyalthia indica Ashoka 6. Mangifera indica Mango 7 Acacia spp. Acacia 8 Morinda tinctona Nuna maram 9 Pongamiaglabra Pungam 10 Bambusa spp. Bamboo 11 £ucalyptus Eucalyptus 12 Sterculia foetida Copper pod 13 Thespesia populnae Poovarasan 14 Achras sapota Sapota 15 Millingtonia ipp. Maramalli 16 Tectonagrandis Teak 17 Psidum guajava Guava 18 Musa paradisiaca Banana 19 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarina 20 Delonix regia Gulmohar 21 Ficus rehgiosa Ficus 22 Prunus dulcis Almond 23 Musa paradisiaca Banana 24 Tamarindus indica Tamarind 25 Anacardium occidentale Cashew 26 Milingtonia species Marramalli 27 Leucoena leucocephala Subabul 28 Moninda tinctoria Nuna maram 29 Ceiba pentandra Silk cotton tree 30 Enterolobum saman Toongumunji 31 Cicca acida Aranelli

4.9.2 Aquatic Flora

The occurrence and distribution plankton represent one of the most direct and profound responses to pollution entering the water body. Plankton are generally considered as bio- indicators of waters subjected to various anthropogenic influences and are known to lay the foundation of the food web in aquatic ecosystems.

Phytoplankton represent a diverse group of organisms that, as plants, capture the sun's energy, convert it into living tissue and thus support all life in water bodies. Diversity of phytoplankton in Buckingham canal samples (Table 3) is a definite indication of excessive nutrient additions by wastewater inflows from the canal bank habitations. Species such as Diatoms, Ceratium sp., Navicula sp., Chlorella sp., Ankistrodesmus sp. are to thrive well in detergent laden environment.

Dominance of such species, in the long run would initiate a chain of events that leads to the adverse symptoms of eutrophication, such as low dissolved oxygen concentrations and

4-17 FinalReport for Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4 consequendy the loss of habitats for living resources. The species composition in Okkiyam Lake does not indicate high degree of pollution. The dominant species of phytoplankton recorded in select water bodies in the project corridor are listed in Table 4.13

Table 4.13: Phytoplankton Species recorded in the Selected Water Bodies along Project Corridor

Phytoplankton Water body Buckingham canal Buckingham canal S1. No. Location I Location II 1 Pleurosigmagalapagense V/ x 9 Navicula longa x v 3 Amphora sp. x/ 4 Gramatophoraundulata xx 5 Hydrodicyon sp V/ / 6 Thalassionema nitZschioides V/ V/ 7 Pleurosigma sp x V 8 Bidduiphia sinensis v x 9 Thalassiothrixfrauenfeldii V/ 10 Schrodenelia delicatula x x 11 Lyngbya sp. x 12 Phormidium sp. x 13 NitZschia longissima / 14 Skeletonema sp. x 15 Ceratium teres x x

Most stretches of Buckingham canal from Madhya Kailash junction to Thoraipakkam are characterized by rich growth of reeds and water hyacinth. These have changed the course of the canal and in some parts the wastewater stagnates for ever. These present unsightly scene and cause health problems.

Plate 4.3: Extensive Weed and Hyacinth growth in Buckingham canal

4-18 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

4.9.3 Terrestrial Fauna

Mainly domestic mammals like cattle, goats and dogs represent the fauna. Birds like sparrows, crows, owls, kites and parakeets represent the avian population. Sensitive and endangered species were not recorded in the corridor. Similarly, from the viewpoint of the proposed activities, there is no wildlife requiring special attention.

4.9.4 Aquatic Fauna

The zooplankton composition in the water bodies studied does not indicate dominance of any one group and most of them are phytoplankton feeders. Zooplanktons are the primary consumers of phytoplankton and bacteria, funneling food energy from phytoplankton production and bacterial decomposition up to higher organisms such as fish. Larval fish survival in spawning areas is dependant upon sufficient densities of appropriate zooplankton species to feed upon. In the present context of ensuring odour-free and pollution-free stretch of Buckingham canal that runs parallel to the Highway, it is imperative that the productivity of phytoplankton (and thus the abundance of zooplankton) is more evenly balanced spatially than biomass throughout the length of the canal and in the Okkiyam Lake. This is more important in lower salinity areas. Phytoplankton biomass is known to build up in considerable levels in both surface and bottom waters of high salinity areas during winter. This is probably an important factor in the development of hypoxic waters during warmer months.

Table 4.14: Zooplankton Species recorded in Buckingham Canal

Water body Buckingham Buckingham canal canal Location Location I II Sl.No. Zooplankton (Project Site) (Sholinganallur) 1 Favella brevis VI 2 Oithona rnida x 3 Tintinnopsis sp x v/ 4 Acarcia clausi V/ 5 Lucifer sp x V 6 Oithona ngida x x 7 Euterpinna acutifrons V/ 8 Corycaeus danae x 9 Acartia danae 10 Sagitta sp. / V 11 Centropaes orsinii V 12 Oikoplura sp. 13 Mesocyclop sp x 14 Cyclopsp. x V 15 Diaptomorsp V x 16 Calanus sp. Vx

4-19 FinalReport for Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 4

4.10 Land use

The project site falls in the Residential zone as per the land use plan of the area. The immediate surroundings of the project site are predominantly residential in nature. The IT corridor, which is the main activity generator of the area, passes 1.2 kms west of the site. Government and private institutions, industries and commercial establishments form the predominant landuses in the IT corridor. The corridor traverses through Chennai corporation area and five other settlements. Open lands interspersed with residential establishments and a few commercial establishments at the junction points characterize the ECR link road. Table 4.15 summarizes the land use of the project area.

Table 4.15: Land use profile of the IT corridor

Sl.No. Corridor section Land use profile 1 Madhya IKailash Junction to Built up area consisting of institutions Taramani and Tidel park 2 Taramani to Perungudi Built up consisting of industries and commercial establishments 3 Perungudi to Okkiyum Mixed land use of commercial Thoraipakkam establishments, industries and predominantly open lands with grazing grounds and plantations

4.11 Economic Profile of the Project Area

The surroundings of the project area has been witnessing rapid economic growth in the recent past. Besides IT companies, the project area also boasts of a number of major Government Institutes and educational institutions including Regional Labour Institute, National Institute of Fashion Technology, VHS Hospitals, Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC) and Satyabama College of Engineering. The project influence area is predominately inhabited by working population employed in the neighboring industries and now emerging service sector. The rapid growth of the area also has given rise to employment opportunities in construction sector.

4-20 CHAPTER 5

IMPACT ASSESSMENT FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Jbr Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

5.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the prediction and assessment of impacts on the various environmental components due to the project activities. Based on the magnitude and duration of the project activities and the environmental attributes of the receiving environment presented in earlier chapter on environmental setting, the nature, duration and extent of impact are assessed. Detailed environmental management plan is presented to mitigate all moderate or major environmental impacts. Minor project impacts have also been identified and basis for their insignificance has been provided. Where relevant, the EMP also addresses the minor impacts and provides environmental mitigation or environmental enhancement measures.

5.2 Impact on Physical Resources

5.2.1 Impact on Topography

The proposed construction is planned by raising the existing ground level by 2.2 m. Given the fact that all the housing units would be G+2 structures, in a cluster formation, the project will alter the topography of the site. The area is however is sparsely populated and has similar structures due to previous construction of resettlement housing. The change in topography, therefore, will merge with the surroundings. The area towards the Buckingham canal on the east will remain open. The impact on the topography from the point of view of visual intrusion therefore will be insignificant.

The project area, however, forms a part of floodplain of Buckingham Canal. The raising of ground for the project will force the floodwater to find alternative channels to the Canal. It wvill be therefore advisable to integrate adequate surface drains in the site that will provide eastward flow to the on- site and off-site surface run-offs.

Due to significant requirement for filling, the project will entail significant earth that will be brought from the borrow areas. Given a fill height of 2.2 m over a site area of 14.33 Ha, borrow pit areas of about 20-25 Ha will be required for the project. The impact on local topography at the location of borrow pits therefore will be significant and will require careful management/restoration. It is expected that the borrow pits will be within about 10 km south of the site, where good soil as fill material is available. It may be desirable to open the borrow pits in a manner that can be developed as water bodies in due course.

In addition to earth for raising the site, about 40,000 m3 quantity of blue metal will be required for construction of 5166 housing units. This quantity is moderate and can be obtained from approved quarries. The project therefore will not require opening a new stone quarry and impacts due to blue metal requirement for the project will be insignificant.

The resources requirement during construction phase is presented in Table 5.1.

5-1 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5

Table 5.1: Resources Requirement for Construction

Sr.No Item Quantity 1 Water 120 KL per day 2 Earth 586005 cum 3 Blue M\Ietal 40000 cum 4 Bricks 63438 cum 5 Cement 22230 tons 6 Steel 2040 tons 7 Labours 200 per day

5.3 Impact on Climate

The project area is barren open without any dense vegetation. As a result of the project a significant open and barren area supporting grass and vegetation in patches will be converted into built-up area. The proposed construction therefore is likely to affect the microclimate, as the concrete structures will provide significant build-up surface that will absorb heat during the day and may lead to the heat islands effect to a limited extent. In this context, it is noteworthy that the proposed housing is contiguous to a existing settlement of significant dimension and together these constitute even a larger constructed area. On-site planting of trees, would counter the effects of the heat island and will help in improvement of the overall microclimate. With adequate plantation in and around the site, the impact on the micro-climatic conditions from the proposed project will not be significant.

5.4 Impact on Environmental Resources

5.4.1 Impact on Geology, Soils and Mineral Resources

As stated in section 3.7, the project could have significant demand for sand/earth and aggregate materials (used as fill material to raise the site and construction of building and internal roads). The volumes of material required have been estimated as about 5,86,005 m3 for earth and 40,000 m3 for blue metal. It is understood that the earth as filU material is available in adequate quantity within about 10 km of lead distance and metal can be obtained from the nearest licensed quarries.

A preliminary material volume estimates and examination of local suppliers indicates that sufficient volumes of material are available from existing licensed pits and quarry facilities, and no new pits or quarries are considered necessary. As no new quarries are envisaged for the project the environmental impacts due to procurement of construction material for the project are insignificant. However, the fil material requirement entails about 20-25 ha of borrow pit area. Procurement of these quantities will entail opening of new borrow pits. Borrow pit management therefore will be necessary to mitigate the negative impacts of possible environmental degradation due to procurement of earth.

5.4.2 Impact on Air Quality

The project being a major construction project entails movement of significant quantities of the construction material and operation of construction machinery at the site. The project therefore

5-2 Final Reportfor Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5 has potential for construction phase negative impacts on air quality. During the operation phase, about 5200 families with approximate population of 21,000 will be added to the area. This will increase to and fro movement of vehicular traffic to the site and could add the burden vehicular emissions at the site. a) Construction Phase Impacts

During the construction phase, operation of construction machinery at the site and use of vehicles for transporting the construction material are the primary sources of air pollution. Combustion of diesel will be the principal cause of air pollution during the construction phase.

To provide estimate of emission of air pollutants at the construction site, fuel consumption rates and approximate operation schedule for major construction machinery were estimated. The data on fuel utilisation rates of units expected to be in operation during the project construction are provided in Table-5.2. During the period of maximum construction activity the fuel consumption at the project site is expected to be about 100 litres of diesel per hour.

Table 5.2: Fuel Consumption Rates For Construction Machinery

Sl.No. Machines Fuel Consumption litres/hour 1 Cement concrete mixer 7 3 Generator 30 4 Truck 8 5 Bulldozer 20 6 Excavator 20 7 Dumpers, Trucks & Tippers 18 8 Water Tanker 8

The air emissions from the operation of construction machinery are equivalent to about continuous operation of operations of about 15 trucks on the site. Given large area of the site (about 20 Ha) and significant open areas on the north and east; and strong breeze during most of the time during the day, air quality impact due to the construction activities at the site are likely to be negligible. It is also noteworthy that a minimum distance of about 100 m exists from the construction area to the nearest inhabitation area from the project site. This distance, given the strong dispersion characteristics at the site, is sufficient to provide adequate dilution to the air emissions from operation of construction machinery at the site.

It is further observed that approximately 1,30,000 truck trips will be required to carry the construction material required at the site. The bulk of this material about 1,00,000 truck trips are required during the fill operations at the site. It is expected that the fill operations will be completed ahead of major construction activities in about six months. Thus the highest movement of material transportation vehicles to the site will be about 600 trucks per day during the peak construction activity.

Considering that the IT Corridor the nearest road link to the site caters to about 30,000 PCU, the additional air pollution due to the movement of construction vehicles on the IT Corridor will be negligible. However, it is observed that from IT corridor to the site a distance of about 1 km is traversed thought internal roads. Some portions of these roads are narrow with sharp turns and are inhabited by row of houses on both sides. Movement of about 600 trucks per day in

5-3 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5 addition to air quality impacts is likely to cause significant noise impacts and accident hazard on these roads and will require mitigation by way of identifying additional approaches to the site. These roads can then be operated either as one-way routes or the total construction vehicular traffic can be divided to different approaches to bring down the air quality and other impacts to manageable levels. b) Operational Phase

The operational phase impacts are likely to be minimal, since majority of the residents would belong to the Low Income Group, the percentage of vehicle increase due to the tenements would be a very small portion of the total volume of traffic on the IT corridor. And taking into consideration the economic profile of the occupants, the impact on air quality in the operational phase would be negligible.

5.4.3 Impact on Noise Levels a) Construction Phase

During the construction phase, the major sources of noise pollution are movement of vehicles transporting the construction material to the project site and the noise generating activities at the site itself.

In context with the construction activities at the site, concreting, mixing, casting and material movement are primary noise generating activities. These activities will be uniformly distributed over the entire construction period.

The noise levels in the working environment are compared with the standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA-USA) which in-turn are being enforced by Government of India through Model rules framed under the Factories Act. The acceptable limits for each shift being of 8-hour duration, the equivalent noise level exposure during the shift is 90 dB (A). Hence noise generated due to various activities in the construction camps may affect workers, if equivalent 8-hour exposure is more than the safety limit. ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) proposed an 8 hour Lq limit of 85 dB (A). Exposure to impulses or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB (A) (Peak acoustic pressure). Exposure to 10,000 impulses of 120 dB (A) is permissible per day.

The noise likely to be generated during excavation, loading and transportation of material near the borrow areas will be in the range of 90 to 105 dB (A) and this will occur only when all the equipments operate together and simultaneously. This will be a remote possibility. The workers in general are likely to be exposed to an equivalent noise level of 80-90 dB (A) in an 8 hour shift for which all statutory precautions as per 'B' laws should be taken into consideration.

The construction equipments that have high noise emissions levels can affect the personnel operating the machines. Use of proper personal protective equipment will mitigate any adverse impact of the noise generated by such equipment.

Movement of construction vehicle carrying the construction materials to the site through the internal roads of nearby settlements will however lead to significant noise impacts. During the peak construction period of about six months about 600 trucks will be transporting construction material

5-4 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpactAssessment for Constructionof Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5 to the site. Passage of these vehicles through the narrow internal roads of the residental areas will cause nse in ambient noise. Suitable mitigation measures like identification of alternative access routes, restriction on material transport during night hours etc should be devised and are elaborated in the following chapter. b) Operational Phase

It is observed that the resettlement population belonging to lower socio-economic status has only a few motorized vehicles. The rise in traffic on the internal roads or on the IT corridor due to resettlement of Tsunami affected population will therefore not be significant. It is, however, required that adequate public transport to the site is provided to meet the requirement of daily commuting to the place of work by the resettled population.

5.4.4 Impact on Water Resources

Water requirement during the construction phase of the project is estimated to be about 120 KL per day. The ground water resources at the project site are highly brackish and is not suitable for construction purpose or for potable use. It will be therefore necessary to procure water through tankers for the construction work and potable water need during construction. During the entire construction phase about 3,650 tankers of 12m3 , capacity will be required to meet the construction phase water demand. Considering the construction period of 12 months this requirement translates to about 10 tankers per day, which can easily be met through the local ground and surface water resources. If water from village ponds or lakes is used for the construction purpose, permission from the village Panchayat for water abstraction will be necessary.

The water demand during the operation phase at a rate of 30 Ipcd is estimated at 614 KLD for a population of 20,000. It will be necessary to make provision of this quantum of water supply trough a piped scheme by Metro Water'.

It may be highlighted that lack of adequate water supply has been observed as one of the major problems encountered by the population already residing in the resettlement housing earlier constructed by the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB). Concrete steps in this context to provide adequate water supply to the project will be necessary. In order to explore the possibility of providing potable water by treating the ground water using Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology, Ecosmart conducted yield test on a test bore. It was observed that although the well yield was good, the water was highly brackish and not suitable for RO treatment.

TNSCB therefore is advised to make reliable arrangement to provide water to the resettlement colony and also use water conservation measures such as use of low volume flushing toilets, low volume faucets and awareness for water conservation. Further alternative methods by means of rainwater harvesting and storage are suggested as a part of the mitigation plan, so that water could be made available to the residents for non-potable uses during the dry months.

It may be noted that the soil test at the site indicate availability of clay at a depth of 3m and therefore site is also suitable to develop earthen pond for holding surface run-off

' The Metro Water is expected to provide water at the rate of 30 Ipcd. Rainwater utilization scheme has been incorporated to provide an additional supply of about 80 million liters during the dry period.

5-5 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5

5.4.5 Impact on Water Quality

The resettlement colony, based on the extent of water supply, is expected to generate sewage in the range of 0.430 mld. The site is being provided with a sewer system that will be connected to the near by Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at Perungudi, The project therefore will not have any adverse impact on local ground water and/or surface water resources.

During the construction phase adequate care need to be taken to provide adequate sanitary toilets equipped with septic tanks and soak-pits for the construction workers. At the end of construction the septic tanks and soak-pits should be cleaned and dismantled. Guidelines by Indian Labour Organization need to be followed for infrastructure provisions for construction labour.

5.5 Impact on Ecological Resources

It is observed that the project site is low-lying barren land that is part of the flood plains of Buckingham Canal. The site as such does support any floral or faunal species of importance. As the site does not hold any vegetation and will not contribute to any negative impacts on the surface water bodies or air quality of the region, the project will not have any negative ecological impacts.

5.6 Socio-Economic Environment

5.6.1 Impact due to Land Acquisition

The land earmarked for the project development falls under the survey number 403/5 & 403/6 and is located at Okkium Thuraipakkam Village, Thambaram Taluk, K anchepuram District. These survey numbers are originally owned by the revenue department and the land has been transferred to the TNSCB vide GO No.424/revenue L.D.5(2) Dept dated 4-07-2006 and Govt. Lt No 31708/L.D 5(2)/2006-2 Rev. Dept dated 14-08-2006. During post tsunami period this site was used to accommodate transit shelters for tsunami affected families. Since these families have now been resettled, the temporary shelters have been entirely removed. It is thus observed that the government land for the project is under the procession of TNSCB and the land is entirely free from encroachments. Since, the entire land area for the project is part of government lands and acquisition of private lands is not entailed for the project, social issues related to involuntary resettlement, therefore, does not apply to the project. It is further observed that there is no recorded incident of this site being encroached in the past and such incident are not expected in future specially in light of the ongoing construction work immediately adjacent to the site by TNSCB.

5.6.2 Impact on Archeologically Important Structures/ Monuments

There are no known archaeologically important sites or historical monuments within or adjacent to proposed project site that may be affected by the project.

5.6.3 Impact on Religious Structures, Cultural Properties and Community Assets

The site being a barren land within the flood plains of Buckingham Canal, does not have any religious structures or cultural properties that may be affected due to the project. No community assets are affected because of the proposed development.

5-6 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thoraipakkam CHAPTER 5

5.6.4 Health, Safety and Hygiene of Construction Workers

The most significant impact of the project on public health is likely to arise due to construction camp. These camps are anticipated to house up to 200 people for a period of 12-18 months. Given this concentration of people, the potential for transmission of communicable diseases and illness is likely to increase. It is necessary that the construction camps are design to meet the norms of Indian Labour Law with provision for adequate living space, water and sanitation for each worker.

5.7 Other Impacts

5.7.1 Need to Address Pedestrian Safety along the Internal Approach Roads

It has been stated that to reach the site the construction vehicles need to travel through the internal roads of residential area between the IT Corridor and the site. The internal roads are narrow and at places have sharp turns. For pedestrian safety, it is necessary that adequate signages, warning signals and speed moderators be provided. It is further observed that the roads are not designed to take the load of heavy vehicles and have been already damaged to a significant extent (due to movement of construction vehicles to a ongoing resettlement construction adjacent to the to the site). These roads need to be repaired to withstand the movement of heavy construction vehicles.

Also, it is necessary to identify additional access roads to the site to ensure that additional traffic due to project is distributed on a number of roads and impacts to a particular locality/street are minimised.

5.7.2 Provision for Solid Waste Management

It has been observed that management of solid waste being generated in the nearby resettlement colony is very poor. Considering that about 20000 persons will occupy the site, at the rate of 0.25 kg per capita the expected solid waste generation from the site will be about 5 tons per day. This will require a systemic collection of the waste from the households and its subsequent transportation to the waste disposal site at Perungudi. It will be necessary to provide community bin at select locations and adequate arrangement through private contractor for regular evacuation of the waste from the site. Considering low paying capacity of the individual families, it is suggested that TNSCB should assist in the formation of a Housing Society of Beneficiaries and also provide funding support to management the supporting infrastructure for solid waste collection and its disposal. A nominal amount in the form of service charge, however, should be collected from the beneficiaries.

The provision of solid waste collection also needs to be extended to the host community. A population of around 40,000 already resides adjacent to the project site and additional tenements that will house 50,000 people are in the final stage of construction. The total host population is thus expected to be 90,000. At 0.25 kg per capita the solid waste generation in the host community is expected to be 20 tons per day. Necessary waste collection and disposal measures needs to be planned for host community along with the similar provision for beneficiary community and provision for these needs to be devised.

5-7 CHAPTER 6

PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS Final Reportfor Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Jbr Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6

PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

6.1 Background

Public Consultations are a necessary component of all Environmental and Social Impact Assessment projects. Such consultations bring about awareness among both the host community as well as the project beneficiaries about the proposed project, the likely impacts, there requirements and any alterations required, so as to bring about greater public participation and allow the end users and project affected communities to be well informed.

These public consultations are a requirement for any project seeking funding from World Bank under the Tsunami Reconstruction Fund of the Environment and Social Management Framework as also forms a part of the requirements to be met by this Project.

Under this assignment, consultations were held with three groups of project affected families; (i) occupants of resettlement housing adjoining the project site construction earlier by the TNSCB (ii) residents living along the roads through which the construction material is likely to move from the OMR to the project site and (iii) the beneficiaries residing currently at Srinivasapuram, Foreshore estate. This section presents the salient details of the issues and concerns raised by the three groups of population and the mitigation/redial measures that have been built in the environmental management plan. Additional measures to be adopted for better dissemination of information that need to be adopted by TNSCB to dispel the some of apprehensions among the beneficiaries have been also mentioned.

6.2 Consultation at the Project Site (Host Community and Residents along the Approach Roads)

The consultations with the host community and residents along the approach road to the site were conducted on June 15 and 16, 2006 by way of focus group discussion. To initiate the discussion salient features of proposed project were described and participants views with respect to the impacts of the project were invited. The participants (host community) were also asked to respond to questions regarding the quality of infrastructure in the resettlement colony and areas of improvement.

Specifically, the residents were consulted to find out their levels of satisfaction in staying at the proposed project location. Accessibility, Infrastructure availability, Employment opportunities, Availability of Socio-cultural amenties, was taken as the factors to determine the satisfaction level. Upon completion of this preliminary assessment, residents were questioned on the specific problems they faced in the locality, which would serve as pointers to avoid similar issues in the new residential layout.

The proposed project site is accessed through roads passing through the residential areas. A large number of trucks would be plying, which would affect the sound environment as well as the ambient air quality. The residents were questioned to determine what they thought were serious concerns that arose during the construction of the project and the likely impacts on the host community in terms of socio- cultural environment and otherwise. In all about 50 persons were consulted at the site and in the adjoing area. As all of the participants did not stay for full consultations and some of them refused to provide their names and addresses, names and addresses of 27 persons could only be recorded (Table 6.1).

6-1 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 6

Table 6.1: Stakeholder Consultation at Project Site - List of Participants

S. No I Name I Address a) Consulted Persons at th Existing Tenements 1 Ms. Anjalai Slum Dwellers Tenements, Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet Primary School, Near Slum Dwellers Tenements, 2 Ms. Thilakavathi Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 3 Ms. Sushila Door No.7108, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 4 Ms. Menaka Door No.7095, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 5 Mr. Kumaran Door No.7093, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 6 Mr. Manoharan Door No.7105, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 7 Mr. Sundaramurthy Door No.7090, KIanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 8 Ms. Selvi Door No.7090, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 9 Ms. Dakshayani Door No.7098, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 10 Mr. Ramesh Door No.7098, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 11 Ms. Celine Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 12 Ms. Abirami Door No.7073, Iianagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 13 Mr. Ezhumalai Door No.7073, Kanagi Nagar, Okk-iyampet 14 Ms. Kanya Door No.7089, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 15 Mr. Dhandapani Door No.7090, Iianagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 16 Ms. Shakila Door No.7081, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 17 Mr. Govindhan Door No.7081, Kanagi Nagar, Okkiyampet b) Consulted Persons alon the Access Roads 1 Mr. Durai Iannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 2 Mrs. Durai Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 3 Mrs. Latha Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 4 Ms. Selvi Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 5 Mr. Murthy Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 6 Mrs. IKannama Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 7 Ms.Chithra Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 8 Mr. Palaniappan Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 9 Mrs. Alamelu Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet 10 Ms. Valli Kannagi Nagar, Okkiyampet

6.3 Salient findings: The salient findings of the consultations on various issued covered are presented below:

6.3.1 Air Quality The respondents were of that the air quality in the project area is good. Considering the fact that the site is located at least 1 km away from the IT corridor, which is the main connecting road and source of air pollution, the observation is justified. But the public is apprehensive of air quality during construction

6-2 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 6

phase as during the past construction activities at the site, air quality due to the movement of construction vehicles was significantly affected.

Residences were of the view that alternative routes which traverse through less inhabited areas should be considered during construction phase as the plying of trucks carrying construction material. The environmental mitigation plan in this context provides for improvement of haul roads and identification of alternate routes to reduce the traffic load at any single road.

6.3.2 Water Supply

The ground water is found to be highly saline, which is unfit for drinking. Therefore the water supply is from central water tanks constructed by the government, which opens into individual sumps. But the water is released into these sumps on alternative days for less than an hour, and thereby proves highly inadequate to meet the drinking water and other requirements. In other areas, there is piped water connection, but again no water is being supplied through them. In these areas, the local population has to travel as far as one kilometer to bring water in pots. This affects their economic activities, as a large part of their working hours is consumed by water collection.

The shortfall in drinking water supply by metro water is due to overall deficit in the water supply to Chennai and needs augmentation of source of supply. This aspect is beyond the jurisdiction of TNSCB and can be handled at local government level.

The EMP however provides measures to harvest the rainwater and its storage to augment non-potable water supply to the extend feasible. In this context necessary provision for rainwater harvesting and run- off collection measures to meet the potable/non-potable water requirements during the summers has been made (ref section 7.2.7) and suggested that this could be extended to the host community.

6.3.3 Noise levels

The Noise levels are well below prescribed levels. Since it is a largely residential settlement and no industrial or commercial activities are located nearby, there are no major sources of noise. During construction the noise levels would increase. The issue has been addressed by recommending control over the noisy construction activities during the night hours.

6.3.4 Solid waste Management

The area has very poor solid waste management. Unprocessed waste lies strewn all over, providing a good breeding ground for all insects and flies. Cases of various vector borne diseases are common here. Some of the residents have taken the initiative to dump waste on open grounds away from the tenements, but not all residents take these measures. The Panchayats administration has taken no measures to dispose the waste generated in this area with a population over 12000. EMP addresses this issue by providing a corpus of fund to be used to introduce a door to door collection system and its placement at a point at which regular collection is provided. Alternately the waste need to be directly transported to the Perungudi dump site.

6.3.5 Clogging of Surface Drains

The residents complained about the poor maintenance of surface drains and their frequent clogging. The drains also receive the uncollected solid waste which contributes to their clogging. It is expected that

6-3 Final Reportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHIAPTER 6

improved collection and disposal of solid waste will help alleviate the problem of poor functioning of the surface drains.

6.3.6 Improvement of Internal Roads

It is observed that the access roads in the host community area are in a bad condition. Given that these roads would be primarily used for the transportation of construction material to the project site, it is necessary that these roads should be improved to cater to the heavy vehicle movement in the area. Cost for the improvement of the internal roads in the host community area has been budgeted as a part of the EMP.

6.3.7 Transportation to the Place of Work

The settlement is located at a distance of around 25 km from Chennai City. Since most residents are employed in Chennai, they regularly need to travel to the city. Earlier there were no bus services. But recently upto five bus routes from various parts of the city have been directed to Kannagi Nagar, the Project site. But the frequency needs to be improved and timings made more predictable and regular. W

With resettlement of additional population of 25,000 in the project area, there will be a need to introduce additional buses to destinations need to be frequently visited by the beneficiary population.

6.3.8 Public Amenities

Parks, Schools-Primary and Secondary, Shops, Clinics have been provided in adequate numbers, but utility levels are very low, as they do not meet the standards which the residents are used to in the city. While most persons use parks to conduct public functions, schools have a very low turn over and most parents send their children to educational institutions in other localities.

Where as the requirement of park, shops and clinics could be addressed by planning of the resettlement site and the induced development that is taking in the area, the issue of schooling is rather critical issue in the mind of the beneficiary population (refer section 6.4). This issue needs to be addressed by conducting a special study in the near by localities to assess the gaps and identifying alternatives for schooling in consonance with government policy for erection of such facilities.

6.3.9 Socio-cultural Integration

Since residents belong to different sections of the society, there are no common threads between the communities and their life styles are vastly different. As a result a lot for socio-cultural problems arise. While planning it is important to group similar communities and buffer them from those that are disharmonious.

6.3.10 Impacts of Proposed Project

The residents don't anticipate any major negative impacts, other than the fact that during construction phase adequate measures must be taken to protect from high noise levels, air pollution and accidents due to construction vehicles traversing their locality. Also, children are using the present site as a play area. This would be lost upon construction and should be compensated. Adequate pay area therefore needs to be incorporated in the project plan.

6-4 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thurazpakkam CHAPTER 6

6.4 Consultations with Project beneficiaries

The consultations with the project beneficiaries were conducted on June 19, 2006. The consultations were held in the form of focus group discussions and different sections of the community residing at the Srinivasapuram, Foreshore estate, Chennai were covered. The population comprises of low income groups. The beneficiaries include a diverse mix of persons belonging to the fishing community, non- fishing community including the backward classes or the 'dalits'.

In all five focus group discussions were held. The names of the participants are enclosed in the Table 6.2. Table - 6.2: Stakeholder Consultation with Beneficiaries

S. No Name Address 1 Ms. Lakshmi Opposite 4th Block, Srinivasapuram 2 Ms. Mary 4/1, Srinivasapuram 3 Mr. Pandian 4/1, Srinivasapuram 4 Ms. Andalamma 5/3, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 5 Mr. Viswanathan 5/3, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 6 Ms. Karpagam 5/3, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 7 Mr. Srinivasan 5/3, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 8 Ms. Maheswari Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 9 Mr. Jayasheelan Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 10 Ms. Merceline Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 11 Mr. Antony Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 12 Ms. Sarojii Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 13 Ms. Rosy Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 14 Ms. Ebenezer Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 15 Ms. Stella Mary 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 16 Mr. Alphonse 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 17 Mr. Ramaswamy 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 18 Mr. Senthil Murugan 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 19 Mr. Dharmaraj 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 20 Mr. Balaji 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 21 Ms. Rameshwari 158/28, Avvai Nagar, Srinivasapuram 22 Mr. Muniyappan Block 129, Door No.126, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 23 Ms. Philornina Block 129, Door No.126, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 24 Ms. Mary Susai Block 129, Door No.126, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 25 Mr. Amalarose Block 129, Door No.126, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 26 Ms. Therasa Block 129, Door No.126, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 27 Mr. Arogyasamy Block 129, Door No.126, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 28 Mr. Kenneth glory No.94, 5 Block, Riverside 29 Ms. Glory No.94, 5 Block, Riverside

6-5 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 6

30 Ms. Jacqueline No.95, 5 Block, Riverside 31 Mr. Kennet No.95, 5 Block, Riverside 32 Mr. Raja No.358, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 33 Ms. Stella No.358, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 34 Mr. Deivasahayam No.358, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 35 Mr. James Murthy No.90, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 36 Ms. Mary Stella No.94, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 37 Ms. Reena No.90 A, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 38 Mr. Jayarai No.90 A, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 39 Mr. Joseph No.357,Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 40 Ms. Mary No.357,Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 41 Ms. Vanaja No.16, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 42 Mr. Venkateshwaran No.16, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 43 Ms. Ambiga 17/10, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 44 Mr. Vijaya Babu 17/10, Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 45 Ms. KIuppu Fishermen Colony,Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 46 Mr. Premkumar Panchayat Leader, Fishermen Colony,Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 47 Mr. A. Babu Fishermen Colony,Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 48 Mrs. Ammaponnu Fishermen Colony,Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 49 Ms. Anthonyammal Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate 50 Mr. Vincent Srinivasapuram, Foreshore Estate

The salient points that emerged for the consultation are the following:

6.4.1 Lack of clarity about the resettlement:

It was observed that there was a lack of clarity among the potential beneficiaries about the location of resettlement as well as the terms of resettlement. For examples the fishing community wanted to stay at the same location but at an alternate site within about 300 m from the shore. Alternately, they wanted that they be relocated at an open community ground located near the Pattinampakkam Bus Terminus, to get protected from Tsunami and enable them to continue with their fishing profession. It was understood that the fishermen had made a written petition to the Tahsildar in this context.

Among the non-fishing community, there was uncertainty regarding the payments that will be required to be made at the new settlement site. Many of the beneficiaries under this category are living in the tenements Tamil Nadu Housing Board had constructed more than 20 years ago. The occupants have been paying a monthly rent of Rs. 20. Some of the beneficiaries who visited the K-annagi Nagar (Okkium Thoraipakkam) have come to understand that the resettled population there pays a monthly rent of Rs. 250 in addition to an initial down payment of Rupees 1250. Given their low incomes, the beneficiaries are very apprehensive about this payment requirement.

6-6 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 6

At the same time many of the potential project beneficiaries spoken to, were unaware of these payments and were under the impression that the scheme will be free and no monthly payments will be required to be made. There is a need to provide a clarification on these issues and remove the uncertainty among the beneficiaries.

6.4.2 Concern about the size of housing and quality of infrastructure

One of the important observation that emerged during the consultations pertains to the size of resettlement housing. It appears that the present houses occupied by the beneficiaries are more spacious than those being provided at Kannagi Nagar (Okkium Thoraipakkam).

It was observed that some of the beneficiaries have already visited Kannagi Nagar, spoken to the local residents and discovered the facts regarding deficiency in water supply, poor transportation facilities, solid waste management, storm water drainage and lack of employment opportunities.

Considering the poor infrastructure, long distance from the location of their current occupation many of the beneficiaries were of the view that their present tenements should be repaired and restored to a good condition.

6.4.3 Concerns about schooling of children

The consultation was also carried out with those who have already shifted to houses in Chemmenchery, another Tsunami resettlement colony, to find out their views. These residents conveyed that most of them commute to Srinivasapuram on a daily basis to continue with their professional responsibilities, as well as to drop the children who mostly study in prestigious convents in the Santhome area. Many of the residents were able to communicate in excellent English, which reflected the role these educational institutions have played in their personality development. The absence of good schools like these is a major deterrent for resettlement.

6.4.4 Over All Assessment of Consultations with Beneficiary Population

The consultations with different sections of the Project Beneficiaries, thus, reflects a fractured opinion, with about 20 per cent having an open mind to shift, about 30 per cent unwilling to shift, and about 50 per cent who would like to be in possession of tenements at both Srinivasapuram as well as Kannagi Nagar, but would continue to reside only at Srinivasapuram, while their other relatives would stay at KIannagi Nagar. The lack of enthusiasm among the beneficiary population is primarily caused due to following reasons:

1. Apprehension of need to pay significantly higher amount as rent/charges 2. Smaller size of house with respect to their current house 3. Poor facility for schooling of their children 4. Apprehension regarding poor infrastructure and facilities

The solution to the concern regarding the payment lies in clear communication on the issue by the TNSCB and offering an arrangement that is within the means of the beneficiary population.

With regard to the size of the housing, TNSCB may review the design of the houses and ensure that the area of the proposed house is comparable to the existing house of the beneficiaries.

6-7 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 6

The question of schooling needs to be investigated though a special studies and practical solutions to the problem need to be identified. One of the possibility will be that improved public transportation to and fro the exiting schools of the beneficiary population is provided so that the children can continue their education at the present schools before new schools come up in the area as a result of considerable developmental activities taking place in the area. In this context it is noteworthy that the Chennai Metropolitan Transport Corporation provides concession fare to the school going children.

Adequate measures to address the quality of infrastructure and facilities have been already provided in the EMP for the project.

6.5 Public Hearing

A public hearing meeting was conveyed by the District Collector, Kanchipuram Dist and District Environmental Engineer, TNPCB Kanchipuram Dist, along with the members and project proponent on 17.08.2006 at 11 am in the District Collector's Office. Various components of the EIA proposal were discussed. The Minutes of the meeting is enclosed in Annexure-3. The comments and suggestions raised in the meeting were studied and the issues raised in the meeting are addressed in this report.

6-8 CHAPTER 7

MITIGATION PLAN FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7

MITIGATION PLAN

7.1 Introduction

This chapter focuses on the mitigation measures suggested for the impacts identified on the various environmental components due to the project activities. A detailed environmental management plan is presented to mitigate all the identified environmental impacts that are found to be significant. It is observed that most of the project impacts are related to construction phase activities and are minor and transient in nature. All of these impacts can be mitigated following good construction practices. Possible impact on community water resources, if water for construction is sourced from local resources and the impacts on the location of the borrow pits are considered to be significant and adequate measures for mitigation of such impacts have been recommended. In addition, the air quality and noise impacts due to the concentration of construction vehicles on the internal roads of nearby residential areas are considered significant and require mitigation. During the operation phase, the project is expected to improve the quality of life of the beneficiaries. The negative impacts during this phase may arise due to inadequate provision of supporting infrastructure or its inadequate maintenance.

The management plans to mitigate the likely negative impacts due to the project activity is categorized into construction and operation phases for easy reference and are presented below.

7.2 Construction Phase

7.2.1 Borrow Pit Management

As mentioned in the earlier sections, the proposed construction is planned by raising the existing ground level by 2.2m. Because if this, there would be a significant requirement for filling material that would be brought from the borrow areas. The impact on local topographic condition at the location of borrow pits therefore will be significant and will require careful management/restoration. For effective management of the borrow pits and to over come any negative impacts the following mitigation measures are suggested. * Productive agricultural lands should not be used as borrow areas. * On completion, the side slopes of the borrow pits should be well graded and should not be steeper that 1:3. * To the extent feasible, existing ponds and water bodies should be used for obtaining borrow materials, by the way of deepening them. Embankment protection works should be also undertaken to improve the utility of water bodies for local population * At places where it is feasible the borrow pits should be restored for productive use by the owner as storm water storage ponds, fishponds etc.

7.2.2 Impact on Air Quality

Impact on the air quality at the construction site and its adjoining areas during the construction phase would be mainly due to the operation of construction machinery at the site and use of vehicles for transporting the construction material. Since the project involves large-scale construction activity the negative impacts on the air quality would be significant during this

7-1 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Tburaipakkam CHAPTER 7

phase. The impact on the air quality due to the operation of construction machineries in the site is found to be insignificant given the vast area of the site and the prevailing wind movement pattern. However, the negative impacts created as a result of movement of construction vehicles in the host community needs critical attention. For mitigation of these impacts following measures are suggested. * Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions should be covered. * Trucks carrying sand should be provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks. * Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during loading and unloading * All construction vehicles should comply with air emission standards and be maintained properly. * Dust suppression measures in addition to the traffic management should be followed on these roads

7.2.3 Impact on Noise Levels

The noise pollution during the construction phase would be mainly due to movement of vehicles transporting the construction material to the project site and due to the noise generating activities at the site itself Apart from this, the noise pollution during excavation, loading and transportation of material near the borrow areas also needs attention. It is expected that the raise in the ambient noise level, due to the movement of construction vehicles in the internal roads connecting the IT corridor and the project site, would be significant. Apart from this, high noise generating construction equipments would have impact on the persons operating them and working near them. To mitigate these impacts during this phase the following measures are suggested. * Alternative access routes to the site should be identified to avoid concentration of noise level in any single road. * Restriction on the usage of noise generating activities and traffic movement to day light hours (7 a.m. to 7 p.m.) to avoid high noise and sleep disturbance to residents. * Contracts should specify that the construction equipment should meet the noise and air emission levels as per EPA Rules, 1986. * Generator sets should be provided with noise shields around them. * Vehicles used for transportation of construction material should be well maintained. * The workers operating high noise machinery or operating near it should be provided with ear plugs.

7.2.4 Impact on Access Roads and Pedestrian Safety along the internal roads

The issue of pedestrian safety along the internal roads that connect the IT corridor and the project site is found to be significant given that these roads would be used by the heavy vehicles for transporting the construction materials. To mitigate and improve pedestrian safety the following measures are suggested. * Identification of alternate access roads to the site to facilitate one-way movement of traffic and to reduce traffic density on any particular road/ locality. * Improvement of access and haul roads by resurfacing with accordance to the standards adequate to withstand the movement of heavy construction vehicles.

7-2 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

* Installing appropriate signage and deploying flagmen during peak traffic period to regulate the movement of traffic. * Provision of warning signals and speed moderators at sensitive and crucial areas along the internal road. * Development of pedestrian side walks as per the standards.

7.2.5 Impact on Community Water Resources

It is observed that there would be a need to device a suitable system for the use of local water resources if water for the construction is obtained from the local resources. Further necessary precautionary measures should also be devised to protect the quality of local water resources from the negative impacts of the construction activity. For these reasons following mitigation measures are suggested to protect the quality and quantity of the local water resources. * No community water resources should be tapped for construction water requirement without permission of village Panchayat. * No feeder channels to village water ponds should be diverted or blocked during construction activity. * While sinking the tube well for meeting construction/workers requirement the contractor should ensure that the water resources of near by farm lands are not adversely affected * Water holding capacity of any of village pond/ tank partially acquired due to project or construction activity should be augmented by equivalent amount by deepening the water body. * Wastewater discharges from construction site should not be directly let into the local water resources. It should be received in septic tanks of adequate capacity and disposed of appropriately. * Oil handling and storage area should be surfaced and provided with gutters and catch pit to intercept any accidental spillages. * Waste oil spillages during the maintenance of construction vehicles should be collected and should be disposed to the nearest oil recycling units or areas specified for its disposal. The maintenance of the construction vehicles should be carried out in a cement platform provided with gutters and catch pits for the collection of oils spillage during the maintenance work.

7.2.6 Impact on Micro Climate

Due to the reduction in the area of open land and increase in the built-up/constructed area it is expected that the microclimate of the project areas would have likely impacts. To mitigate the impacts it is suggested that sufficient provision for on-site planting of shading trees should be made during the construction phase. Planting of about 2000 numbers of trees, of species like Poongamia Glabra, Morinda Gtinctoria, Azadirachta indica, Thespesia Populnae, Enferolobum Samana etc along the roads and on the designated open spaces is envisioned, to ensure the improvement of micro-climatic condition of the project site. The following table presents the suggested green belt development in the project site. In addition a row of sweet smelling bushes will be planted along the boundary parallel to Buckingham Canal.

7-3 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

Table 7.1: Suggested tree species for planting

Pblodhg Disi one Choroetk s P"tible Teonec5 SotanicoiN4mo Tto s

5-6 Molte CIC Srn oalllo Medium Pungol PorngadoCtcfo a 1 JX - 1750 ~ 4e.CC height free Specles Nunlfl M1r00- 17into0

7-8 MelSt C/C Medium Height, Dense N*em AWC1hht Ind:Ot 2 S230 Folialog fre*sSpedMs Poovoroson Th#ip$skiPopVk1

10-12 Met*r CIC High o Vofy High free special ToongumunJ fwo(*bunm scomana 200 - 230

7.2.7 Improvement of Water Resource

It is proposed that the Metro Water would provide potable water supply to the project site. However, it is observed that lack of potable water supply is one of the major problems encountered by the population already residing at the resettlement housing earlier constructed by the Taniil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (NSCB). While it is advised that TNSCB should make reliable arrangement to provide water to the resettlement colony, certain mitigation measures could be adopted during the construction phase like use of low volume flushing toilets, low volume faucets in the houses. Further alternative methods by means of rainwater harvesting and storage are suggested so that water could be made available to the residents for non-potable uses during the dry months.

Considering that the site would be raised by 2.2 meters and on the east of the site a strip of 100 m wide land, along the canal, has been left out from the CRZ boundary, TNSCB should consider provision of a open pond (with proper boundary wall and fencing) to collect surface run-off from the site to meet the non-potable water demand during the summer, six open wells distributed over the resettlement area will be provided. These wells (essentially well shaped sumps) will be connected to the pond through horizontal pipes of 200mm diameter. The inlet from the pond to the wells can be enclosed in a filter media to remove suspended particles. The surface drains leading the pond can also be provided with sediment traps to reduce sediment load to the pond. The wells will be 6m deep and 6m in diameter covered at top, and will be fitted with two hand pumps with provision for pot chlorinated water used by the tenements. Altemately this water can be used for potable purpose by treatment through High Rate Sand Filter followed by chlorination. A conceptual plan and the sectional view of the proposed rain water harvesting system is presented in Plate 7.1 and Plate 7.2

7.2.8 Storm Water Drainage

It is important that adequate storm water drainage measures should be adopted for the on-site and off-site drainage of the project site, given the condition that the ground level of the project area would be raised by 2.2 meters. While construction of adequate storm water drains within the project site is necessary to improve the on-site drainage facilities, improvement of existing drainage channels, running in the north and south side of the project site, is important to reduce the negative impacts of flooding in the adjoining areas due to filling. It is proposed that the drainage canals running on the north side of the site will be improved by de-silting, channeling and stabilizing the walls of the canals. The proposed storm water drainage system should be properly graded and integrated with the existing natural drains to provide eastward flow for the on site and off site surface runoffs towards the Buckingham Canal. As per the recommendation of the TNPCB Strom Water Drains has been proposed on either side of the scheme roads.

7-4 ---

D,B.JAINCOLLEGE

98 !-4---- i

t APPROACI>ROAD

Location of S.irice/ Water Pond

Location of Open Wells

Pipes connecting the C.M. Pond and the Open Well- 4

XI-FC ,\

Plate - 7.1 Conceptual diagram of the Proposed Rain Water Harvesting System - 75M -

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LEGEN

Stone Pitching Pebbles Sand

Water Pebbles

Plate-7.2 Sectional View of the Proposed Rain Water Harvesting System FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

7.2.9 Health, Safety and Sanitation at Workers Camp

It is expected that the project of this nature would involve employment of large quantity of construction workers over the entire construction time period. Necessary steps to maintain the sanitation and health standards of the construction workers should be adopted as a part of the project and should comply with the central Building and Other Construction Workers Act of 1996. A copy of the relevant sections of the act is attached as annexure for reference. It is suggested that the contractor should take following measures for safeguarding the construction workers. * The contractor shall install adequate lavatories and baths at the construction camp to cater to the requirements of the workers. * The contractor shall build septic tanks with adequate capacity at the workers colony and at construction yard. * All organic waste generated at construction yard and worker camp should be composted in compost trench. * Quarterly health check-ups of construction workers should be organized. * Adequate provision of water supply and fuel for cooking should be made at workers colony. * The living space at workers camp should meet the norms prescribed by the government. * Provision should be made to create AIDs awareness among the construction workers and the near by population.

7-7 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

Table 7.2: Environmental Mitigation Plan - Construction Phase

Sr Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementing Monitoring No Impact Agency Agency (i) Degradation of a) Productive agricultural lands Civil TNSCB land at the should not be used as borrow Contractor Borrow areas areas b) On completion the side slopes of the borrow pits should be well graded and should not be steeper that 1:3. c) To the extent feasible, existing ponds and water bodies should be used for borrow materials, by deepening the water bodies. Embankment protection works should be also undertaken to improve the utility of water bodies for local population d) Wherever feasible the borrow pits should be restored for productive use by the owner as fishponds (ii) Air pollution due a) Vehicles transporting Civil TNSCB to emissions construction materials prone Contractor from to fugitive dust emissions construction should be covered. machinery and b) Trucks carrying sand should movement of be provided with tarpaulin vehicles. sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks. c) Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during loading and unloading d) All construction vehicles should comply with air emission standards and be maintained properly.

7-8 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

Sr Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementing Monitoring No Impact Agency Agency (iii) Pedestrian safety a) Identification of alternate Civil TNSCB and access roads to the site to Contractor improvement of facilitate one-way movement haul roads due to of traffic or reduction of movement of traffic density on any construction particular road. vehicles b) Improvement of road surface to standards adequate to withstand movement of heavy construction vehicles c) Installing appropriate signage and deploying flagmen during peak traffic period to regulate the movement of traffic d) Provision of warning signals and speed moderators at sensitive and crucial areas along the internal road. e) Development of pedestrian side walks as per the standards.

(iv) Noise pollution a) Alternative access routes to Civil TNSCB due to operation the site should be identified to Contractor of construction avoid concentration of noise machinery at the level in any single road. site and b) Construction contracts should movement of specify that the construction heavy vehicles equipment should meet the along the access noise and air emission levels roads. as per EPA Rules, 1986. c) Generator sets should be provided with noise shields around them. d) Vehicles used for transportation of construction material should be well maintained. e) The workers operating high noise machinery or operating near it should be provided with ear plugs f) Restriction on traffic movement to day light hours (6 a.m. to 7 p.m.) to avoid sleep disturbance to residents.

7-9 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

Sr Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementing Monitoring No Impact Agency Agency (v) Impact on a) No community water Civil TNSCB community water resources should be tapped for Contractor resources construction water (quantity). requirement without permission of village Panchayat. b) No feeder channels to village water ponds should be diverted or blocked during construction. c) While sinking the tube well for meeting construction/workers requirement the contractor should ensure that the water resources of near by farm lands are not adversely affected d) Water holding capacity of any of village pond/ tank partially acquired due to project should be augmented by equivalent amount by deepening the water body.

(vi) Impact on a) All waste water discharges Civil TNSCB community water from construction site will be Contractor resources received in septic tanks, (quality). adequate capacity and soak pits of b) Oil handling and storage area will be surfaced and provided with catch pit to intercept any accidental spillages.

7-10 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Constructionof Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

Sr Environmental Mitigation Measures Implementing Monitoring No Impact Agency Agency (vii) Impact on Micro a) On-site planting of shading TNSCB TNSCB Climate trees to counter the effects of heat island created as a result of development. b) Planting of about 2000 numbers of trees, of species like Poongamia Glabra, Morinda Gtinctoria, Azadirachta indica, Thespesia Populnae, Enferolobum Samana etc along the roads and on the designated open spaces to ensure the improvement of micro- climatic condition of the project site. (viii) Storm Water a) Provision of adequate surface Civil TNSCB Drainage and drains for the storm water Contractor Improvement of drainage on the site during the Water Resource construction and operational phase. b) Improvement of Natural drainage Canals running on the north side of the site by de silting and stabilizing the walls of the canals. c) Integration of the proposed drains with the existing natural drains surrounding the site to provide eastward flow for the on site and off site surface runoffs towards the Buckingham Canal. e) Provision for Rain water harvesting and storage of surface runoffs and roof top water and measures to use them during dry months through the construction of a pond in the area reserved for CRZ and connecting them with the proposed open wells -_ distributed in the project site.

7-11 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpactAssessment for Constructionof Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

Sr Enviromnental Mitigation Measures Implementing Monitoring No Impact Agency Agency (ix) Sanitation and a) The contractor shall install Civil TNSCB healthcare at adequate lavatories and baths Contractor workers camp. at the construction camp to cater to the requirements of the workers. b) The contractor shall build septic tanks with adequate capacity at the workers colony and at construction yard. c) All organic waste guaranteed at construction yard and worker camp should be composted in compost trench. d) Quarterly health check-ups of construction workers should be organized at workers colony. e) Adequate provision of water supply and fuel for cooking should be made at workers colony. f) The living space at workers camp should meet the norms of Indian Labour Law. g) Provision of AIDs awareness to construction workers and to the near by population.

7-12 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

7.3 Operation Phase

It is envisioned that the impacts on the environmental parameters during the operation phase would be mainly related to the adequacy in provision and functioning of infrastructure facilities provided in the project site. To mitigate the negative impacts and to improve the maintenance of the infrastructure facilites the Environmental Mitigation Plan strongly suggests that community groups should be formed and the residents of the housing colony should be involved in the process. The details of the system and the institutional arrangement required for its functioning are described below with respect to different infrastructure heads.

7.3.1 Provision for Solid Waste Management

It is proposed that the solid waste collected from the project site would be disposed in the Perungudi waste disposal site by the respective local body. However, it is observed that management of solid waste generated in the nearby settlements is very poor. This condition demands devising of a systematic process for the collection of waste, from the households, and its transportation from the rehabilitation-housing colony, to make the Solid Waste Management in the project site more effective.

Considering the low-paying capacity of the beneficiary community, it is suggested that TNSCB should assist the community in formation of a housing society and in the provision of necessary supporting infrastructure for the collection and disposal of the solid waste. It is suggested that housing society will be made responsible for the day to day functioning of the solid waste management system by the way of collecting a nominal service charge from the beneficiary community. Further, it is suggested that community bins would be provided at selected location for regular excavation of solid waste from the site

For providing an understanding of the costs factor involved in the implementation of the suggested system a working model was developed. For the calculation purpose, it is assumed that one tricycle would cover collection of solid wastes from 6 blocks in one hour. Considering that a tricycle makes 3 trips per day, the total number of tricycles required to cover all the 287 blocks would be about 16. Considering that 2 tricycles would be kept as a stand by, the total number of tricycle that would be required for the implementation of the system would be about 18 nos. The investment needs of the supporting infrastructure required for the system and the method of calculation of service charge is detailed in the Table 7.3

Table 7.3 - Investment Need and Cost Recovery Model of the Proposed Solid Waste Management System

Si. | | Number of U . ( Total Amount No Infrastructure needs Facilities UIt rate (Rs) (Rs Sup orting Infrastructure needs for the collection and transportation (one time invst.) 1 Tricycle for the door to door 18 20,000 3,60,000 collection of waste 2 Other appliances like waste bins, L.S 1,00,000 bells etc 3 Construction of shed and for the 1 shed of 75 3000 per 2,25,000 disposal of waste collected from Sq.mts in size Sq.Mts the house holds

7-13 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

4 Construction of loading platform 50 Sqmts 2000 per 1,00,000 | with provision of ramp approx Sq.Mts 5 Provision of community bins at 75 500 per bin 37,500 | selected locations | Total Investment Need (one time) 8,22,500 Running and Maintenance Expenses 1 Salary 16 people 3,000 per 52,000/month employed in collection collection and employee per 1 supervisor month & 4,000 for supervisor per month 2 Other incidental expenses L.S 5,000/month Total Running Expense 57,000/month -_ 6,84,000/year Recovery Cost Model 1 Interest from the Corpus fund 55,00,000 4,40,000 made available to the housing deposited in society by TNSCB the bank @8% annual interest 2 Annual Contribution from the 5166 47.5 2,45,385 residents Total amount available for meeting 6,85,385/year the running expenses

7.3.2 Maintenance of Quality of Life

It is suggested that the quality of life in the re-habilitation colony would be maintained through the formation of community voluntary groups and involvement of housing society members in the process. The community groups would be involved in the activities like * Maintenance of community assets to ensure their smooth functioning * Development and Maintenance of green belts and open spaces. * Conducting community meetings and creating awareness among the community members for the efficient usage of infrastructure facilities like conservation of potable water, maintenance of infrastructure facilities etc.

It is suggested necessary training should be conducted for the community voluntary groups to equp them to carry out their functions. Womens should be encouraged to participate in the community voluntary group. Further it is suggested that TNSCB should also take necessary actions for the adequate provision of supporting infrastructures within the project time frame to maintain the quality of life in the project site.

7-14 Table 7.4 - Environment Mitigation Plan - Operation Phase

Sr Environmental Mitigation Measures Organizational / Training Implementing No Impacts Monitoring Arrangements Requirements Arrangements

(i) Unsanitary conditions 1. Provision for collection of Formation of housing society 1.Training and TNSCB would in the rehabilitation waste from the households by involving community awareness programs monitor the solid site due to inadequate and arrangement for its voluntary groups and creation with the community waste collection and management of solid regular removal from the of a corpus funds that could members. will be responsible waste. site be utilized for the solid waste 2. Training for the for the disposal of the 2. Participation of management. door-to-door waste. Day to day community groups in the collection and functioning of waste collection and disposal segregation of waste. collection and process management of fund would be the responsibility of the housing society (ii) Maintenance of 1.Provision for rain water Association between the Training and TNSCB through the adequate quality of life storage pond and linking community group and awareness program community group standard in the with the open wells to TNSCB for the maintenance with the community resettlement site collect roof top and and operation of the system. members surface storm water runoffs towards enhancing water availability during dry months 2. Provision for regular TNSCB forming a task force Awareness program TNSCB with Chennai potable water supply of 2 with the Chennai Metro Water with the residents Metro Water Supply mld to meet the drinking Supply and Sewerage Board to population for the and Sewerage Board water needs of the monitor the consistency in conservation of residents population supply of potable water. potable water. Sr Environmental Mitigation Measures Organizational / Training Implementing No Impacts Monitoring Arrangements Requirements Arrangements

3. Provision for adequate Association between the Training for the TNSCB with the maintenance of assets to community group and community groups on Community group ensure their smooth TNSCB for the maintenance the maintenance functioning and operation of the system. needs. 4. Development and TNSCB in association with Training to the Contractor, TNSCB maintenance of green-belt the community monitoring community group on with the community and green areas to over group plant maintenance group come micro-climatic impacts (iii) Mitigation of flooding 1.Improvement of natural TNSCB through Civil Civil Contractor risks of adjoining areas storm water drains running Contractor due to the project on the north side of the site by de silting and stabilizing the walls of the canals and integrating it with the offsite drainage system. 2.Grading of the surrounding area to maintain eastward flow towards the Buckingham canal. Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam CHAPTER 7

7.4 Budgetary Requirements

Estimated cost of implementing recommended environmental management measures is presented in Table 7.5. It is observed that a total provision of Rs.6,26,45,000 is required for implementing of EMP. The cost of environmental management plan has been fully factored in the project cost. The details of the budget estimate is enclosed in Annexure-4.

Table 7.5: Cost of Environmental Mitigation Measures

Sr. Items of Cost Rate (In Rs.) Amount No. (In Rs.) 1 Plantation of 2000 trees along the site 1000 (including 2,000,000 boundary and along the internal roads maintenance for 3 years) 2 Improvement of internal roads in 20,000,000 residential areas to allow movement of L.S construction vehicles 3 Augmentation of capacity of community L.S 500,000 pondsL. 4 Corpus to ensure adequate management of L.S 11,000,000 solid waste 5 Initial investment for supporting L.S 16,45,000 infrastructure for solid waste management 5 Pond for surface run-off with piping L.S. 25,000,000 6 Wells (Rainwater) with platform L.S 1,700,000 7 Consultations and awareness programmes L.S. 800,000 Total 6,26,45,000

7-17 CHAPTER 8

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium ThOraipakkam CHAPTER 8

CHAPTER 8

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

8.1 Introduction

Environmental Monitoring is carried out to record the environmental parameters likely to be affected by the project at pre-defined intervals. The purpose of these observations is to ensure that the mitigation measures are adequate and the residual negative impacts remain within acceptable limits. Where necessary, these observations also help in timely up gradation of mitigation measure.

In the context of this project, the negative environmental impacts, although minor, will be experienced during the construction period. The environmental monitoring therefore focuses on construction phase and aims to give an indication of level of compliance with the recommended mitigation measures. In addition to direct observations of environmental parameters, periodic inspection to ensure compliance with good construction practices and adherence to distance norms for locating the construction yards and workers camp is also recommended. During the operation phase, the recomnmended monitoring is limited to visual observations on the site to see that the infrastructure facilities are working appropriately and testing of water quality in the basement rainwater harvesting tanks. As the funding for the project is sought from World Bank, it will be necessary by TNSCP to provide quarterly compliance reports to World Bank. Necessary recommendation for institutionalizing the monitoring and reporting is also provided.

8.2 Construction Phase Monitoring

Air quality during the construction phase will be monitored at the downwind boundary of construction site. Monitoring will be carried out at an interval of three months covering the entire construction period. On each occasion, ambient air quality will be monitored to yield 8 hourly averages over 24 hours on two days interspersed by a two-day interval in one week. Air quality monitoring would be carried out for SO2, NOR, SPMI, RPM and CO.

Along with the air quality observations, ambient noise level measurements would also be carried out. The observations will be repeated every third month and will cover the entire construction period. The observations will be made by using a continuous recording type noise meter and results will be expressed as Leq(day) and Lcq(night).

In addition, air quality and noise monitoring will be undertaken at 5 locations along the haul routs for construction material passing though the internal roads of nearby residential area. The observations will be repeated every third month and will cover the entire construction period through these setdlements. The parameters and frequency of the monitoring will similar to the schedule followed at the construction yards. The observations will be made at nearest sensitive receptor such as school or health centre, along the road, if available. Otherwise, a suitable location near residential structures will be covered.

8.3 Operation Phase Monitoring

During the operation phase, quarterly observations on adequate operations of supporting infrastructure at the site will be made through direct observations and questionnaire based survey by an independent agency. The frequency of observations will be lowered to once in six months after two years of occupation of the site by the inhabitants.

8-1 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium ThOraipakkam CHAPTER 8

During the first two years water quality monitoring will undertaken for

(i) Potable water quality as per IS 1050 for water samples drawn from the rainwater storage tanks in the basements and outlet of the water treatment plant at the unit level. (ii) Surface water drains to assess the quality of discharges reaching the surface water resources from the site

Table 8.1 and Table 8.2 present the budgetary estimate for the recommended environmental monitoring for construction and operation phase, respectively. Estimates have been arrived at assuming 12 months of major construction activities at the site.

Table 8.1: Budget for Environmental Monitoring -Construction Phase Sr. Items Location and Frequency Rate Total Cost No (Rs.) (Rs.)

1 Ambient Air 2 locations at the site, 4 times in 12 Rs. 6000/- 288,000 Quality months, for 2 days at each occasion, 3 per sample. Monitoring samples every day (samples 48, 8 hourly analysis) 5 sites through the settlements, 2 times at rs.600000 each site, for 2 days at each occasion, 2 per sample 240,000 times during the peak construction period (40 samples, 8 hourly analysis)

2 Noise 2 locations at site, 2 times at each site, for Rs.2000/- 64,000 MIonitoring 2 days at each occasion, 4 times in 12 per day. months (32 samples) 3 Supervision by 4 times in a year L. S. 200,000 professional agency

Total 792,000

Table 8.2: Budget for Environmental Monitoring - Operation Phase Sr. Items Location and Frequency Rate (Rs.) Total Cost No

1 Water Quality 4 samples, 12 times in a year (48 samples) Rs.3000 per 1,44,000 (potable) sample 2 Water Quality 2 samples, 4 times in a year (8 samples) Rs. 3000 per 24,000 (Surface drains) location 3 Visual and 2 days of effort by a team of 2 L. S. 100,000 questionnaire professionals in field and 2 days in office, 4 based survey times in a year 4 Supervision of 4 times in year L. S. 100,000 environmental monitoring

Total 368,000

8-2 FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium ThOraipakkam CH-APTER 8

8.4 Institutional Arrangement

TNPCB will hire a environmental consulting firm to undertake the monitoring and prepare reports for submission to the World Bank. The consulting firm will also write the terms of Reference for environmental monitoring by a reputed monitoring firm with NABL accreditation and supervise the monitoring. The consulting form wil also undertake visual observations and questionnaire based survey to ensure adequate provision and maintenance of supporting infrastructure.

8.5 Budget for Environmental Monitoring

The over all budgetary provision of Rs. 7.92 lakhs for environmental monitoring during the construction phase and Rs. 3.68 lakh per year during the operation phase has been made. The funds for monitoring should be made available in project budget.

8.6 Terms of reference for Enviromnental Monitoring

The terms of reference for the environmental consulting firm is enclosed as a part of Annexure - 1.

8-3 ANNEXURE 1

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF TNSCB TENEMENTS AT OKKIUM, THORAIPAKKAM Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 1

Annexure - 1

Terms of Reference for Environmental Monitoring of TNSCB Tenements at Okkium, Thoraipakkam

Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) has taken a major initiative for construction of 5166 multi storeyed tenements at Okkiyum, Thoraipakkam, for the Tsunami affected slum dwellers under the World Bank Assistance. As a part of the Environment Management Plan prepared for the project, it is recommended that periodic monitoring of the environmental parameters, identified to be crucial, should be carried out to ensure its compliance and adherence to the norms prescribed by the central and state government agencies. Further periodic supervision of the construction activity is also needed to ensure its compliance with the proposed EMP. This demands appointment of an environmental consulting firm to undertake the monitoring process and prepare reports for submission to the World Bank.

Objective:

The objective of the assignment is to monitor the environment quality at the project site during its construction and operation phases and assist TNSCB for its compliance with the norms prescribed by the central and state government agencies. The consulting firm would be involved in supervising, monitoring and recording the environmental parameters likely to be affected by the project. The consulting firm should also ensure that the mitigation measures proposed as a part of the EMtP are adopted so that the residual negative impacts remain within acceptable limits.

Scope of Work:

The scope of work is dealt in two phases. Phase - I covers the construction phase while the operation phase covers Phase - II of the assignment.

(i) Phase - I:

The Consultant would undertake the supervision and monitoring of Environmental Parameters that experiences considerable impacts during the construction phase. The task would involve:

* Selection of Sites for Monitoring Air Quality and Noise level with regards to construction activity and adjoining land use in consultation with the TNSCB. * Ensuring regular Environment Monitoring Tests being carried out in the project site and in the adjoining areas as per the recommendations of the EMP and making periodic site inspections as needed by TNSCB. * Environmental Mionitoring as per TNPCB/MOEF/World Bank guidelines. * Preparation of Quarterly compliance reports to World Bank/ TNPCB/MoEF. * Supervision of the construction activity to ensure that the Environmental Mitigation Measures proposed in the EMP are followed in the process. * Assisting TNSCB by suggesting timely up gradation of mitigation measure by reviewing the monitoring results and the complaints raised by the host community. * Assisting TNSCB during review meetings with the line agencies.

General Guidelines and Frequency of Monitoring:

Air quality during the construction phase shall be monitored at the downwind boundary of construction site closure to the host community, in consultation with TNSCB. Monitoring will be carried out at an interval of three months covering the entire construction period. On each occasion,

1-I Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 1 ambient air quality will be monitored to yield 8 hourly averages over 24 hours on two days, interspersed by a two-day interval in one week. Air samples shall be collected at two locations with in the project site. Ambient noise level measurements shall be carried out at an interval of every three months covering the entire construction period. Noise observations shall be made at two locations with in the project site, for two days during each occasion.

In addition, air quality and noise monitoring shall be undertaken at 5 locations along the haul routs for construction material passing though the internal roads of nearby residential area. The observations will be repeated every third month and will cover the entire construction period through these setdlements. The observations will be made at nearest sensitive receptor such as school or health centre along the road, if available. Otherwise, a suitable location near residential structures shall be covered.

The measurement techniques to be adopted for environmental monitoring are elaborated below.

A. Measurement of Ambient Air Quality

Measurement of Suspended Particulate matter (SPM) and Respirable Particulate Matter (RPAI) using High Volume sampler and Respirable Dust Sampler respectively as per TNPCB guidelines. The RPM would be collected on EPMI 2000 Filter paper. Dust fall would be estimated using a Dust Fall apparatus as per BIS guidelines.

Sulphur Dioxide to be measured by the method prescribed in IS: 5182 Part II, Method II (Improved West and Gaeke method) and sampling frequency guided by TNPCB guidelines. S0 2 is absorbed in Sodium tetrachloromercurate.

Oxides of Nitrogen to be measured by employing the method prescribed in IS: 5182 Part IV Jacob and Hochheiser modified method) and TNPCB guidelines.

Carbon Monoxide to be measured as per IS: 5182 Part X

Hydrocarbon analysis as per IS: 5182 Part XVTII.

B. Measurement of Ambient Noise levels

Mleasurement of Ambient Noise level in the study area shall be carried out as per the guidelines of the TNPCB. The observations shall be made by using a continuous recording type noise meter with a built in capacitance microphone in the selected locations. The results shall be expressed as continuous equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) for day and night time, L1o, L5o and L90 values. Comparison shall be made between the recorded levels and the standards for various categories and land use as per the TNPCB guidelines.

(ii) Phase - II:

During the phase - II, the consultant would carry out observations on the site for adequacy in the operations of infrastructure facilities at the site. The task would involve:

* Carrying out quarterly observations on the project site to access and ensure the adequacy in provision, maintenance and operations of the supporting infrastructure facilities at the site through direct visual observations and questionnaire-based survey. The frequency of observations shall be lowered to once in six months after two years of occupation on the site by the inhabitants.

1-2 Final Reportfor Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 1

* During the first two years water quality monitoring shall be undertaken to 1. Access the quality of water on the proposed open pond and on the proposed wells connected to this pond as per IS 1050. Four water samples shall be collected for testing during every month with in the site. 2. Access the quality of surface water drain's discharge reaching the surface water resources from the site. Two samples shall be collected for testing once in three months. * Conduct quarterly site supervision visits, conduct detail study on the status of the infrastructure facilities and assist TNSCB in improvements, maintenance on the facilities. * Preparation of Quarterly status report to TNSCB. * Assisting TNSCB during review meetings with the line agencies.

Time Duration of the assignment:

Time duration of Phase - I would be 12-18 months and time duration of Phase - II would be a minimum of 12 months.

1-3 ANNEXURE 2

INDIAN LABOUR RULES AND ACTS FinalReportfor Environmental and Social Assessment Of Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 2

Annexure - 2

Indian Labour Rules and Acts

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fp,vsslts e eI;cd;i: a ttork in th)e natuin ,nfc s o *p -i rinents toiii p:oOdl aiiid riltaain d it tabl pfoltS eonveien!t ly tai s .%'leL a Iis1iiinuist I -r iNs bh earrned on kintside the tsdali tt pl'ns e t plo,d thsedrein. au siupply ow A hole- z nrinal ldinJs 01f tkidkodir n U1th rules Omc inking atero. I) persinis ticigeJdt n anlyinorlT ssbchl fr tcni "Ical lvii6l l All such ponit shall e legibly -narkedt Driniking W'ater in (3 has to he conlpleicditelovwb heday d I svet. a language understood lay a majority of the persons employed in such place x rdi) nii, enegaed in a work vhtch couldi not be carricil on alid nto sach point sial be situated within six metres ofany washing place, atewpia ninesds lpndania on the II regular actin ot'fnatural forces. WiltS! os latrne. 29., rrn Latrines airnd uriuas. jI1.n,. fi or o;verlnre hork. Wvhere anv hriiilding wvorkvr ti. ^: In every place wheic ! .i.iR1 or otler 2 required o wKorkOn anY dy to .ressi *f die number of hours v lconstruction work is carried on, the emiployer shall priovidc sufficient a nrnmial working day, he shall'te be entiled lo avaes ar th rate of his latrine andi urinal accommodation of such types as may be prestcrbe andQ r Idinlarl 0 nate tavosh they shall be so conveniently situated as may be acecssihle to theun.din,r: %%olrkeri at all titites w~hile they are in such place co (2) For thc purposes of ilits sectionl. oOrdinal rates of wages rk a metans the bas.C wvagses plus such allowainces as ihe wotker is for the tml1t' Plrovided that it shall no t he necessary to provide separate urinals in heinor cntitled to buit does not Include any bonuS. any place where less than fifty persons are empinoyed or where the lItrines are conniected to a watet-bortnc sewage system.i *W. .Miaintteptainee of reg,isters antd records. I i Fvrv emiployer i a' I 'a. r, ., ri..records giving I, ,' .4 n 34. Aecormodafian - I I he emplover shal provide, tree of onrkers employed by hn. the wvork performed by the, the mtmber of cr3te s asmdwithin the work site or as near to it as may be possible, houls of woik winhh 4halllcosistuite a normal woikIng dav- for them, a day tenirbirary living accommodation to all building workers employed by him of rest in everv pertid of sesen days ihisfli t shall tie allowed to themli,lthe fil siuci ptV)ind as -II! 1-.iu 's,: trOfhet construtction work is in progress. wageis paisitto thven, thet receipts gv cmiby ilteni awtl such otliri particiiars 121 the temporary acconmmoudatlion provided tinder sub-section (1 ai such foitti as inay he precrAihbL shiall have separate cooking place, hathing. washing and lavatory flteilities. (21 :s cry einplo eer iafl! kee p esxhilteli, In such tnanner as Inay ( AsM1 soon as maiy be. after the huildine oir otiler constiriction b, presCrihed. In the place where such %x orhkcrs Iniy hb employed. notices woolk is over, tfie employer shall, at his ownl cost, cautse r emoval or roflyconiialiintg tilheprescribedpaitilulars. dtmtoltion of thc temporary structures erected by himn for tie purpose of 3 1 II ,i I. . i -ia bNrales. provide for the seur providing living accommrrodation. cooking place of wa.e books or or otlier facilities to the wag*e Slips to hutildtng workers ermploved in ani .1., .* workers as required utider sub-sctin (1) asid tretore tIhr eround establishinemri and pisei tne the manner in which entrics shall he nmade and Ing,oo level and clean co ndittoit. aitnleotie,ted n such:? . .*'*.1 t1 ,:n ot his atgen- f4) Ill case an cmployer is gieit an,y laud by u NMuntcipal Uoard 31. Pr,ihuibition to emspliaymnent of certain persons in certwin or any tithr local authority for the purpses of ;'.. i m teary or other construcition slr-A. No person about whtorn ite aceiinimrntatuon tor the tj! , workers unitder this sectiont. he shall as eunployet know,s or has reasiitt to believe ihat he Is a dcaf tor he hla a stin a mas1 b, after rimeconstrictionl work is over, teitun hlecpossesslon defc ita C S-cn riv hiIS a tndency ts j usldrness shllt bheiretited Or of siteh l.ui tn the sante cotdition in Iitht lie re.isved thie same itlotsc sgA Itti wK ti.tl *pCIituon *m I . om ofth :ller t"i t(revrentt .o Itll lit evet y place wsherein, mittc twih3ft" ty female N'a lk II h -I keIk tt; r:olve ;t rItAo avails' c-ithr tie the - F,iotiIt,'r I. -rs ate olitntallt CupIlpb?%e. tici c shl! het Ostl.(Lh alntI srt; k. itnslf utit w It s otlt: p;r;ill. ntllttt tulh :i Suitable fttoin t)l rot tots lot the' use' ot dnIdlletitidet tIeCag e J2i Dtrinri> iwar. i I Ihe eriplorer s1sl utAkeIn ever% pLce itt si:.. ttfult female ssoikel, -; .s.tir e4TIIXIit1tilt1;i }terl cotis iritX ititwork Is tiiipnir- e ft-tit.tc 121 'Suchl rloonsshall i-a

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lt it tde adtrt aratrisduatior I? f On MAr a so Iee3C l (I cr suh rc ic n r**3airit thort Iico II that r,t1dli'i i tak3ix silc511ruivctiga01-r sr ax;rIir tlpltc e; hiedatnd vCI!I-d (Z i be taIiir inV a lears altlid sanitary !Ord;tIon I ' \X'lCreC a nor cc govers unde r ib-cirteion I l Iciar tO an ; (d henntier 1 p. . 1 wttseore Iralnei1 tiltse care asit3rtnd;crtclt Causirig mdarh r fix e oir more persons. theLathoiility shiall make aV1lqXitmsxan ntis xi. i acciet ithi,l onie mionti osftrise Verpt ofthe notifce 40. Polwtierf1.ipproprjaf, (iut'ernmet to rstles 36, f-irv-aid. 1--veyemploeni Nitake for the sofre .r tte ensioyiir~.in1. saltp5'VIdc?3slsha31verpr(sviLIc *InJ i.t'x~htt'andq ...... wvhefe .twdftt?/IIJ*:>res-(1haprpinLoenlnm) he.uWltofs I uim,rj nswrhr',. -- (1 ~heT appirtipriate GJoversnment ma). nuildingb r- ork iseracortssrcttoairted on sttch first-aid facilities IS bs ntticatrtn, mrrakt ru3es -r.in- the measures to be takel for the safvt% andj ealth oftshilulrng workers in the course otf tleir employment 37. (Cateens er(. The appropriate G,overnttimct may. by niles, and the Cequipnment and appliances necessary to be provided to them for O requilt theC mpiloyer eirtating theirsriafety, health and preentt,C t., Juring suc 1 ermployment. o

/al so pioetd and maintain in every plaLc wheirin not lSS tihan i2i 3n p:tucitlar. and without piejrrdtec to the gencrshty o3 te two I r ,I i-n workers are orlinartly enplovetd. a cantlen II porwe, such rule nmay provide for all or any of the t...... i.e fun the t'c irf the worlkers matters., nlantely

ihi to pioviiie such o*ther welf'are neasures fotr Ihe htbetri of ta3 the safe mians of access too nd tit saftCy of. any workirse .ts,b pr ib d. lac teluiltitiL' kolkersi as tiny hb prvrsLrinbd. . . h, - the .,provision of suitable atid utf.1tIetit scalToldtng at -v.ariustl , stages wvihets work cannot bc safely done fthins thc grotnd or fron) ('CiAPTER VII ann pa rt oi a I *.r ri ii3 r'or such otilr Means of surippo

SAU-T A 11ALH NAS1 n b) thc recautions it he taket n *toh wti thetettoti demolitonrt r At wh-ok le otr any surstantial part of a buiditng or otlset structurc uinder 38&Safelrr coSarniatee and sqfety - 3 *q/... ) ] t e eyi establish- the super%isrtr of a conspeteint person anl the avoidance of danger frnom oscit whenrein tivc hundred or mtore bhiiltdsg Wor-Leri are .,...... elase of ally builditig or olher structure *hile runcitving any panrt of the tslll3oycd, ihc emiiployer shall constitute a s.A]ety onoitttttee Consisting tif framned bui3ling or other srnctutre by shorintr or othrx Ise uCh nliirn;e Liof' i ri, . of the employer and thet:- ' workrs (c tie handling or use of explosive tinder the control oif as n,as ht priseitibcd by the State Omscrtsttc-nt coinpetent petrso' so that tihere II nit exposute to tire risk of tjury frnili P'wosideri thit the tnirntx III persotss represCnring thc iotgkvrs. sh;,ll e.xsslslnis or inritn : material in is ca5e be less than the pirssss tepresentmg the employer t the erection. isstallation tlisc aind tfairitenairce ot' trans- (2f Inti ver ertablishment reft'rred to in sh-section r 31 te i equipmeit stheh 3s toettsves truck s wagons anir oilier cehielc etspiu>er shall alsIo appoint a safety officer who shall pixxsesx stch anr trailers arid apportnienit ol competent pursns toIv dtixe Or OPntatt niilttiis ari perl-tnn suih duties as ray be prescribhd sUht Cquiprreii 3'. Vatics- oferetiaht oecridenrt. (1) Whereo iiany estaihirsix-i;t ici the creettort . instliatiots, SCarid tion,ai/ait histS. anmact-irk-t or'. *whhil c ause'. death or which causes air, iidil1y Ijy tititslu, appl iatnces aid hllfrini r teat i1uidirrg perlodlicaJ te>tt1it arid by reurroir of which rhe pers.in itireegd re prex r'eidtt fr,`ti nliIM K < airsttotsaItchI jldjil it iet attitelttI. OIserCriecessuti S. pi ecaslltiot, toe take-rs :n dt4irry-t hws Or Ot Ciht irrattilialeteK Ielc a;rdcniit. oroIs t It.rioxl or ior\ eit Oris ict iott Cararte or perarrr arid In:h 1r if' stir It a nature a' tnao hm prr.liibet.1 rtecirs,et ls3altr artlsorstrttcnt or corsn'eti tieruotia on hsr r r otisc I firit . s0tire riser otto suims authoti. s. or1 sirc fis aridl Ms,x tl strich rine a.a, rriax ft riteI a-einicc aridsuaitvar, uith lil trs r ct e rtrs kpl3 airld he lreseit tvIed air spro.'clr riser'rt;, W cry pla1e xxhere lr.alsr- ot lowserirss opetations'

5 6 slrih i)r itev oi hol'trt. llintr opphanctrtor IlIttltt gŽrls art ill po re- andit allof *.pennc. danee .rc to bhii6ing woikiSrke nlty.d od - iŽ) the lplr- rrrr,s to he takt n to prcvelr int lalatt(n of crrt.t. fumei,. ga.cs or apotur dtiririrg any grinding. iecraitrg. sptayrvrg or wasiptilatnni ot artl m3ter al and steps to he taken to secure and nraintant adequate sentriation; of s%try working place ilel-cnfined space .S h thel mneasures to be taiken during slaekirg or rnstaekrng. stos tntsor trrsstoArneg ol ntdterials or goods or rI, - in conncs.tlull tborewith s (ii the safeguarding of nachintry Ineluding thi 1 i n Oit tttil DI & OtIttOS ('ei5 NVORsKtR ii S tt t Ai 196 every fly-whecl and evety n3oving part of a p tste' mnover and every part of tfansnmisston or otleir mitachinery, unless it is mtstuch a positoin or vf sor h (si the rnf on to be farlslrcd to lltt lluoean construtitortn as to be safe to everY worker w-torkttg 0 dt on any of lhe Standards esta,hshed urdet tlt htnreao ot operations and as if it were seeurelv feneed lrrdtan Standards Act, t9Xti {(o or 19%6), regarding the trw of arty artiele or process coveted Undter ij) the safe li., tid v and tse of plant, inchtiding that Act in a bu.tidig OrOther Cinr cion work equiprne2nt operated hatr .lt)p by comrpre~ssed air;oitrt the provistion arid niaritenrnce ot mtdical faerlrtres for (k i the precarrtr3uoismsto beket to ensemof tire (ti) any other matrcr colterning the safity and healtilr of (II the lihturts of weight to he lifted ot nioved by workers .tolkes wvorkrng in arty of the 'aperations bring cantied ott tn a1= itilir (nit the sale transpoIt rof rofrkei tr) or frorit atyv woikplacc by ortothcr eonsuucttor w,ork water anrd provision of iricstts fo. rescue front drowitni: 41. I n,rmr.' of model rit, jor st,frO mJvurex. -he- ('entoil (n) tie stepts to be taken to prevent dianger to workurs from tirvernnrent may. after considertrig tht reconmrenJatrloI lIve electric wires or apparattts includrrrg electrical inrachirrcry of the expert arid tools comlinuttce constittecd urnder soont 5, frartmi and froin overhead ss tres model roles tn respect of all or alty of the maticls : - - trr sectton 40 and where any such mlrodet 01the keeptog of s'afety nets. .r. sheets and safety b0lt. rules htave beent framedt it tcespt of any such where the specra.;l frttre sor the ci'r-u s; ;r sit* ofs work d te titen rtratter, the appropriate (ovterontent shaii whsteh ntakrr ani rurks in respect of thatl oanerrunder nrecesstry for 1 ru f tire workrs seetror 40, so far as is ractcatbe crnrfmrr tousurh model nales. ,p) the statdard,s to be conrplied s rth regard to saflolding.t ladders atnd stairt. . appliances, ropes, chanis antt acecssortes. earth- mox irg, qutprnetrts an I ,-r. operatranorial oqtipltntser (qi the precautions to te taken w%ithregard to pile drivtng, cotr"reetc wolk. n ork wrtlt thrt asphal. tr or othcr sintar things. insulatton work. detttttition openatrons. excas ationi urdergiodtrn construction and mnaterials:

ri tire safv! Politcy thai: ts to sa%.a mhlii' lClatrirt to stcp, to hc takert to crielk: tIr ssr tv andltcaltit ;*tt.Ire hrrl3tutgt workvrs. thte trin:slrtrtratrre arrarrercr:ts tnlirerts ati tIre altter. collnected trerewrtlr to bt tratncd \b c.re citrployeri.rxid et.-r tilr1,rs tire opetnrrainrtinrr toebc tedlot tnt t*.7 o, oitither rrr tolt k

7 8 i ttK1- &vfir COza-: k\<-4t dtRt: Rt I 1s~ 199s c P'ARTf III

SAFETY AND HlEALTHI g CHAPTER VI GF.NERAI. PROVISIONS 34. Excessive noise, vibrutioff, eff. An employer shall ensurc ait a coIstructtiott site of a bvjildingt or other constmtfction work that adequate 0, tneasures are taken to rru,. tibud h- %korkersagainst the barmful effects of xcessive noise or vibration at such construction site and the noisIe level t The Building and Other Construction in no case extecdt the limits laid down in Sittedule-VI athexnd to thvei Workers (Regulation of Employment r Fire protection. -- Ani eniployer shall enwure, at a construction ando ndito Serice).I5ins other construceioni wok that, - and Co nd it ions of Service) site of abuldin,g or C NTAL R , t98(a)such construction site is provide(I with - (ii fire extinguishing equitpment sufficient to extinguish any probabk firm at such construction site; (1£) an adequate water supply at atnple pressure as per national standards; number of trained persons required to operate the fire exstimguishing equipment provided under sub^ clause (i); (1b) 'i ins equipmnrt provided undersub-claus (i) of clause (a) is properly maintained and inspected at iegular intervals of nrot less than once in a year bv the responsible person and a record of such inspectionss snmaitaitied Is in case of every taunch or boat or other craft used for transpoll of building workers and thre cabin of every lifting appliance ihtchidine mobile crane, adequate number of portable fire ., . ,,i .! eutpmnt ufssinable type shall oe provided ai .. .. b 'aunch or boat or craft or lift,ng appliance. 36 Ewergattwvy action platis. An cmployer shall ensine ji a constuiction ose of a building or othe, constructron work thar in case niorc

9 10 ttH0II & i) i ) W' R Is Rf s l-)s' ; i51; & fl)( (tN- VI'K }l * Nt iI 1'.<9 S Il thai7'fis It;t li hlint'a oIrter. are< n>tt d u st cl e. mnc,, Unirs .^lt.! I *tany other but ongworker nt a nihnwat def IC. dCii))' Plan ha ndl. iti-. nIf I. h uiiduilg w'iiker aided by o bui(iniiufier woskei !ft tic 1ntlI, or carry overhead ti oser the ir hack t sihouldlr, dani r' 2 lal tire and exploston. nratarial, article,eool or applarnee cexcedIng tin wseighit Ihtc °ii lb) collapse ol ai.ppWiancs and tr.nsprl equlilptent. 1.tal of mnaaxiiuiiui linit set oul for each huididg worklir ( tc; collapse ot '1. 11 sheds or structures. tc. .eparately under clause (a) unlcss aided hy a noechaincal d)i ,as lsk tgoor chcmical s'e' fe) drowning i*',l. workers. sitking olfsesseul.. u ?9. Uhdlik aud safetyJ polik--y (1) (a) hveryestahlshnieni ff, land slidespretting .1 mn,workerburned. floods. 2tonnrrn;i eWklo.rl rI7 |rrI,*.s:tti, workersrshall prepareawritten smatmiente other nantral calamnities. is prepared and subnuttted fh, t!h of pAi . i: kpectc of safety and health of workerswul'tr.t and submit 'jr J 1 tI(he1)rcetor-Gcneral. the 1.a=rc lor ih. approval of the Director-Grenerat: 3?. Fencinqg of motvrs, etc. An employtr shall ensuie 1 a th le poliy referred io in clatise (a) shall colatuinthloeloving. consmtruction site of a building oir other constructuon w(ork that mntel" Z (a) all niolotoi cogwhecs, chains, and friction gearing, 1. -:) tite interimtons and commitments of the establishment shafting. dangerous and nov ing prts of machinery (whlher regarding health. safety and environnwsiial protection rr or not driveit by mec,hajical power) anti steam ptpeW are of building workers: securely fentced or l3ggedI ii) organisaitonal arrangenments rade to carts out the Ib) thte feicin olf dangerous pans ofmawchinery is not rensised policy referied to in clause (a) specifying the while such maclitterv is in rujtinit or In us: responsibility at different levels of hicrarchy, anv nrachinery whi.h 1sIn rnotizm and w)which l: nt , responsibilities of the principal employer. countracitr ( icurel *anced hsexayiihned iibnoeatcd s a r lepas .d sub-cutttractor. transporter or other agencie insolsed ecep fean is e s i ed fo;xantiOo sotJIu xad in i o ain *hr .t '.; or other constiuetiill w ork, adjustment Of repairs i.) techniques and nethods frOassessmnent of risk to safety. (d) machine parts are cleaned when such machine is stopped healtih and environmental and temedial measures Ie) when a nmaelhue is stopped for serx Icing or repairs. adcquate measures are taken to ensulre that such machine does n arrangenments for training of building workcrs, tiainers, re-starr Inadvertenly Lu(I.i . .11 p s0`1t'. .r: l. - . iI the constuctiont 3J I i,unrnd corrciiig of e.rces iie w.eight An employer shiul ti ,1 other arrangemients for making the poihcs referredi to in ensilre at a consitinteoi site o a ,I . or *ither Construction soAk clause(a), effective that. that. k i hndo ari, ' itntention and comnmittient referred to in sub-clause Ii' (a) no 'i,i .* worker lifIS by hand or carries ov>erhead or ose; i.,use (b) shall be taken titto account in makite decisions his back or shoulders any maiterial, article, tool or apprliance ii : to plan. tclinery. equipment, materis Ionsand exceeding in weight the rmaxitiuni kimits sct out mtIn hc 1 ineeien:tof buipdint wolkers.

'.. \ . ofhet -. 1. r 1 toinclasu(a) sf Subrui; l) pw .tsitri 1. * Lod STid t,. i irised t.'I T S II be sent to the Ce'linal (iot eliqlyn

estiIishnieni sh all relsre the policy 11Cmtrtr.J to In i AdulI 1 Atdeulscet mailC ' Ut I I 1 'ib-rule- (tI As oflten as neecssary uider the fllow ving ! ,1 -, ',M~Ci, um la']mel .--. . C cu~ ii a112

11 12 no lit :s i .11 i2ts i99Si .. I'i 5r. & M(Ot0)tVit'S WOrtt. OK...)K i s I)9

to svs er as expasiti or riodiftiattoln L. ing. poIdcttlot shall be on lie ld li,rrd tr,.. t., : 1. 1 tthC ineredge -. mrnvuanxott mi safet% ,ntdISan h of the buil.htg uoikers tlerlot O:' shall he C.CCvIIf at an r1il Of1ront "'tre than twinty decrres to i o i. mad.- in ,uChI 1- oOi oibier ettstrellkto1aWk ItSts lriztnotal lopillng tnto . 1.I - ., ir (3)t l[he employct shiall ensu1re at the I-.rrIr. and other i wutrevct arm ne'x buti ilg orotherrconstinutiol work. eonstru2ticn work that anv area exposed to rtsk of l'allin natertal. oibsrances. articles or tevhlnulpes are inctrxouedl havin articles (sr objects is roped off or eord2onled off or otherwise suitably tq1i1f3101)aoil he.ltl3 a;nd safety of building iorkv s guarded from inadvertent entry of persons other than r . orkers (4) A copy of the policy rcferrtkd to In si4-clause (ail of uh^ ait work in suchI area. m'e twohakebe displaY at the pIet ur idiao.Sp.cuoUs atJ a loeal 42. .ihp rni'.-,ntrrre. . ,tti.,. dr'lning andfalling hanLs.---(I) nguge ondetstod by-the nmajofrity of w.orkers at a eonStritetiOti All passageways, platforms arid other places of construction work at the Site building or other tonsrttrution work shall be * : h- I :pl..r free from -r 4Q it,a.criou.- and Jiarmjul ,cnvira,unet An employer 4ball accumuilations of duti. debris or similar mattrial and fron other obstructions etnsure at a construiction site of a '1 sir. or other constructlon work that may cause tripping. tbat <(2) Anysharpprojectionsorprotnrding.i,. - - itirul.r IIn.c nrm (t) When an internal comabustion) enigirie eshausts into a confined which may eause atiy cutting hazard to a ruaditi.tworker at the hu.I.g2> Spaice or excavationt *i, or tnnnel or .!. I1r. ';. . el.;r.lic I . '.[ or other construction work shall be reniovedi or otherwise made safe by ventiiation?r nor artiftri.l ventilation systemrll i5 adequate to keep tlic .ittrti takinig suitable measures by the e3nployet. onotxtl content oflthe atmosphere betlow fiffs palrs per million. adleqtatc t and sumtable easuies are taken altsch workplae i iiortcr to avoid exposurre ( 31 N employr shall allo, any 1 l * u orker at bulding or of btruilIfriworker, to health ha7zardss: oier construction work to utse the passagevay. or a seatTold, platform or any other elevated wkorking surface which is itn a slipperv and (b) Noi ,I . worker is aallowecd to enter anly confincdtpace oi !rJI. . ., . 0II:1 .- III t I. s .I ensure that water, grease, oil or otiet suilJar tatlk or trechi ot excavation whcreint tteic is 0 . * I ally dust, fitnes 01 substances whiichi may cause the surface .1 yr r. be removed ot sanded. o2ther impuinttes at such naturc and to such1extcnt as is likely to be injurious saw (lusted or covered with sultable material to make it safe froml slipping or Offensive to the i bolidiiig wotker or whtch expl2osives potsovot,is hlazard at a ' tI -.. or other constructioti work. Itoxious or gaseous .aterial or other harmful articles have heen carried Or storcd or in which dry ice has ben . -.f-r .I Or whlich has been (4) ;. i n !: wuorkers at a t'r . r' .. or olher construction fimigated or in which there is ap..r -1tr: .1. I . utless work are exposed to the hazard of r rI.rIII water. lr11jr , : *, steJ all practical steps have been takets to remove such dust. fumexs. ot Other by the employer wilh adequate equipment for saving themsclses from ulipuritics and dangers which may be present and to prevent any furthet drowning and tescuing from such hazard atid if the Director-General tngress thereof. aid such workplace or tank or trnch or excavation tS considers necessaryr .11 . A; j.I boat or launch manned wvilt trained cerTtiivd bv the . *. .' peison to he safe anJd 1IIfor the entrty of such eivsontirel shall be provided by the employer at the site of such work. iI workers. (51 Every opeCi sitic or opening itto or 1, - hihch a building 4l. Qverkrao Protehirn. (ii Iheviire employe r shalltta at tIre uoriel rcluele or lifting appliatre or other equitpnenis mnay tall at a I:'uildtris Or *ther r ontruci woik that o>verhe adi proteetioti is eted itC3tg >I. I orr other consnrttctitou work shiall be covered or guarded suitably the periphery of ,. .''. nosier t:t:l. ton which sb.dl bc .*f ti b the emplyer nopres entt such fall eXtCpt where freeccesJCC S n cessarys nitres sir more .n height when ;osrltcdi tsrI,Ilrrns i(fIthe nature o thr wsoik. 1Ži iI l s tej pOi5steitlOl rt lerredtr l t1 herve b1id.tt wrkers at a baIdtig or other connitruetrot. thaJl 1"n fsramtres wile and shill be eIreetiln a! a lrrht rror the itn ft>e rriettcSr,ItoiVdg . .I iS t hsc h cdgu o to vrh.ldelc then.tn .dg -.. Insk ire espexpostd th Ifrons: stet ofolghm ssltlUe etiiployed ott I mch m ork- they shall be pro%ided by dte crtployrt wltt adequate equtipmnCt i

13 14 I'if ti [Al, & iii (*ti\s WII:tK, 1R-; R. cis li Iti9c&9i s,Wis k r Ri1s ~j T. .i D61& tllk'111 0INN' %WIWItIR! t, i RIIt I " 1903} oif'ils 5to 1 itomhi,il" orsh SlJ atRi Such eqtiupnilleit *r iricais diall 0- In ao-otrlanc.*natonal nilic i5adardit shall 1w provided wiuh ppiorriate pi trn'ci mi,t proenlt h3 ani enmpioyer. in aicortlarlce iibtlite natiaonal standardsx , '-`e,I ci thctc s a rr* OQf I1: (If my nAaTeTiVl 151 Lvervr 1-ud worker enaed in .a ishirp ebctsor o s etilJpi OrOent buidini wkorker at a constntenton site relating tt a - material; at a titor odlier construction wntlk which nmav caus hand Zs or other consnuction work. adequate and sultable saiety netx shl be injmty, shall he provided with saitiable hand-gjlovc by thie e niploycr, in prtvided ha emtployrer in a.cordance with the national standards. acordance with the nanonal staPdards. J3. Dust, gpaes, jities. etc. An employer shall prevent 47. Ieetiealhazards. -- 1)efntor commeacctrrnt ofani '-. I' I.; concestra non of dust. rases or i r... . . iir suitable mneans;o control or otlher onstruictionr work, the employer shall take ade-quate measures to their concentration within the permissible lImil so that they nay not cause prevent any worker from coming intt) physical contact with any electrical injury o r poese health hazard Ito a >'Uifl;. n,wzorker at a hr,r:,, i. other equipment or apparatus. nachines or live electrical cicurit which mayy caus e construction work. electrial lrazardsharing the course of his emloyment at a i ir , or other 44. Cvrro,sive Substtnees. Ilie emtployer shall ensure that conrticln work. coirosive substanccs, uinluding alkalis and acidis shall he stored and used (2) Ihe employer 4hall display and maintain suiLtabke warning signs b) a person dealing wvith such substances at a nm,iri: or other onsltruction at conspicruous places at a s11r :*.. hrI '-sirn. i-n - r I in Ilindt and work in such a rnnncr that It drws not endantger the builditie worker and in a local language understood by the ma oriy of tIf.ulultri workers. suitable protetive equipment shall be provided by the employer to a (f) In workplaees at a i hire or other tostruetion work where r., wOIkern trlurng himl,,1 or Use of such substanees at a building the exaet location of underground electric power line is ntt knowIn, the : o r other constrtuction work and iS case of spillage of such substances I-u1 i.r,;. woikers usiig jack hammers, crow bars or other hand-toods which on tbe -Lu!dIri worker, immediate remedtal mteasures shiall he taken by mayvcorrwm n contact with a live electrical line, shall be provided !by tho the employer. employcs with Insulated protective gloves and loot-wcar of tfe type it 4s5..I . 1.u ,., - Suitable persornal protective equipment for the accordance wvith the national standar.ds. protectionl of eyes shall be provided by an emsployer and 1.rI1 :1'ruii11Ire .t~ 4) t ih enipl.'s r shall ensure that. ins far as practicable, nro irinig. worker engagned in Operations like welding. cutting, chipping, grtnding or which may come m contact with water or which may be teehaifieall iuntilar operations twhich may cause hazard to hir eyes at a building or other dmagsed, iIi e-nw.j . .'u in,l,r . builditig or other construction work constructian uork. (5) The emjployer shall ensure that all electricil applianie: nod 46. U>ad prorterion and othrer praehctiie apparel. 1I) lEvery cunent carrying equipment used al a . , t, .:or other constrnction uwork It,,1 1. ,j r .. ;ot pass throtugh o1 woxrk within the areas at 'ir; i" are made of sound miateal and atr properly and adequately eatihert or other contstrittioti work where there is haza7rd of his being struck by t6i the employer shall emsre that all terpoiry eleciral failitig objects or materials bshall het provided by the eniployelt 'it Safety-ir .. . a a i-Li, it. nil helmet otf Tvpc aind tested in accordance with tIhe nationial statndards. leakage circuit breakers I2I Fveryvrir1rr.i- worker' required to wtork in water or ii wetc conicrete or in otier stmilar work at a *. * orotherconstettnctioi work. ( 'eI etplover shall ensure thai or other coristnction xwork comiplv allwith eecriaitisiall.itiuns the requiretricins of atairy a sthl I be provided with suitable %ateiproof boots by the employer. 13fori theo time beinga in anc I 1 Uveiv butidusg worker required to work it rain or unsinlial wet'A contidotl at hlrlihrtg or othr coitsWtMi,or Uork, Shall he pro-n3ed withl 48. I 'Iesintar traffic. t Wt,he:i crteser ii II or a aterprootS'eriat wsith hat s i: . ,n,I coristructuon work is rerIng Carrie Ont.*r is loc.ated in clo,se prIo uits to a road titt art oilier place~khere aiiv vehicitlat traf'fic nay cause- djlagCr toi 14) 1-very r I,J.r! worker required to use oir handle alkaltes. acid b*iler (itother sinilar corrosive , i. ii i ..hI It ... t other constrnetiot work b k

15 16 Ili tit & 0111i Colf' oViiwk{Rt4 t. .). Rill.t:s. I,9s o) t costructioii s%oik is atiricadcd and suitable warring signs and lights dtsplavediferctcd to preventi such danger and if recessary. he may make . a request in writing to the conceined authorities tocontrot Such traflic.. (2) 1'he employei shall ensurc thiat all vehicles used at constrfuctiniln e oft a N.l.1,,, or otlier constmuctiott work comply with the requirements of the M.>1otorVehicles Act. 1498 (59 of 19SS1)and the rules nmadethereundur, (3) 'Ibe employer shall tnsure that a driver of a vehicle of any class or description operating at a construction site of a luildinyM or other construction work holds a valid driving licence under the Motor Vehicles Act. 1938 (59 of 19)R),. 49. .Srdb,lin o'structares. - 'I 1 . il Iu,shall ensure that nn wvall. chiuney or other structure or part of a structure is left tanguarrd in such til UlIt... & 'sltt W(tN\.W'ss ilcI i, I Rt I iN l9'98 -idiiwn dh,ii I: aaaavfall, collapse or weakenrdue to witd pressure. vibration t r a or due to any othttr reason at a site of biiIJn or other construction work. iz;irisiior 0,) arc lok%ed u} .wcvumulati sn z1 to Conitttt 50. Illaminarion ofpassagewas etc. The emplover shall ensure tcs debris Jrc kept sufficintly moist to bng dons the dusi sithin that illumination sufficient for maintaining safe working conditions at a site th; rn stisuile lt . a btiding gofor other constructton work is provided where buitlding workers (dt debns are not thrown *nside or iiiside front ans height of'such are required to work or pass and for passageways. stairways and Li,li rltijW it other Construction norks such iluiimiatton is nott less thtan that pirovided in the relevant nattonal tei sn tsinipletoin oit sork. left kover.ii . II. iisaterial, aiticlc or standards. s,tliei ubatitsnce or dcbris arc disposed of as soon as possible to asotfl anv 5J. %m ALin,iof materials. - The employer shall ensure, at a haatrt u aly itattic orperson, construcuion site of a buildingorother construction work that - 53.n mberingsur. *, rtin- .dflors - . 'ar' ' . ensic . . tal all buildingIiaterials arc stored ~thtsaeacli nfloor or I,vtel ol a buildineg oIrothetr consrnruclion workiXs or stacke in a safe andtorderly apisiach ftetryiiitbrl -dornt3rked at : o r fn,loorir levul ntratner to avoid obstruction of any passageway or place of wtork; a (b) t, oa '3 54. Use ef safety helmets and shoes. The employer shall ensure 1ie .. 1-il t .iir stacked in such a manner as to ensur trat al! ttfsons hlioare perforntmg any nkork or srieccs at a biilding or stability; itilici ssiistiuciioi uoik. wear sAfety shoes and lielmncts .onb,rmng tO the tel nmaterial or equipmneit is not stored upon any floor or platfirni nationOl standaids. In such qtuantity as to exceed I. a!. .. rr ir - capacity (di niaterial or equipnent is not stored or placed so close to an) edge of a tloor or platfonir as to endanger the - !. I of persons below or wtirkuig in the vicrinty.

57. Disposal of dfebris. - ti einpiuyei siratl ensure at a cnnstnicuitio saictof a ii . or other consitructioil i ork that - (a) debris are handled and disposed ot'by a methbd is-ich does . ntit cause danger to thie safety l ., o.

17 18 ANNEXURE 3

MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC HEARING MEETING FinalReportfor Rapid Environmental ImpactAssessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 3

Annexure - 3

Minutes of the Public Hearing Meeting

'.tn mitilc lho?rin' -co' no conducted on 17..S.06_a 11 A' ,t j., ~~ . -- ~2'i- ~ -1~ , rs' fl'^t'i i 1., ' ;:tJ:a" .or .i

- ...... t.. . - -, . - -

- - v ; .* . - 4 .UL_.J. 1 -J~!. -...... --.II. -, .,, .... r -. -(:, u o. aniirit- >{ .,- : - . ~' -: .I ClcPLiranin uis;.ric'

*LMembers Prcsont:

1. *istr;c Collector, Kanctieepuram District. : Cliairmiari Pubtlic hearing

2. Thiru. S. Charles Rodriquez, . Convener District Environmental Engineer, Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board, Kancheepuramr District,at Tambaram, Chennal- 45

3. thiru R. Deivasiganiani, - Member Deputy Director, Departnlent o Environment Chennai- 15.

4. Tmt. J. Neelavathy. District Panc,hayat Chairman, : Member Kancheepuram.

5. Thieu. S,' Pratapan, * Member Chairman. Maduranthagam Municipality

&&&&

At the outset the District Environmental Engineer, Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board welcomed the gathering and explained in detail the salient features of the EIA Notification 1994 as amended and the purpose for which the' public Hearing has been called for. District Environmental Engineer has requested the projeet proponent to explain about their projects. The project proponent detailed the salient features of the project and the Environrnental Management plan as proposed in the project.

III-1 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexzire - 3

h-iru :Sudhakar Asked the project proponent that the Joint Director saline water from Buckingham canal OCP2 Environmental Education centre wi3l seep into the Rainwater harvesting

'iKancheepuram. system esS ' ysed.

.i Lu, serntativc o' ilhthat . tt w reJd the proposed 't- 'proponent will be raised by 2.5m above the existing Ground Level. Provision has been made in Environmental Management Plan to provide RaifiwAter harvesting system with clay soil bunds, which will control the seepage of water.' Further, it was reported that the Water would not spill from Buckingham canal, as the tidal influence is not significanl.

District Collector District Collector has expressed Kancheepuram District. concern over the blockage of rainwater in the vicinity of the project area due to implementation of the said project and sugge?ted deepening of the channel lead lb Buckingharm canal to increase the water carrying capacity and to m.tigate the flood risks.

Project proponent Project proponent has informed that the earthen channel running on the northern side of the site, which leads to Buckinghani canal, will be deepened and lined so as to improve thie water carrying capacily of the channel to mitigate the flood risks. Also, pruvisiu of drainage across the site leading to Buckingham canal will be done to dispose the rainwater.

District Collector District Collector requested the project Kancheepuram District. proponermt-to confirm the facilities to be provided such as School, Primary Healthi center as envisaged in the

111-2 Final Reportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Constructionof Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 3

Pproject proponent Project proponent has reported that feasiVt'ity of providing dispensary to the ftevr7,rc was discus-L-d with publlic I"i Department and wvilI be irnp.ermienited.

District Collector, K(rancheepuram Whether rainwater-harvesting facility as District, proposed will be lined.

Project proponent The project site is of Clay &Black cotton soil in nature and the rainwater harvesting facility will'be of earthen bund with clay soil and hence there won't be any seepage of water from it.

Deputy Director, DOE, Chennai. Asked about the distance between thie construction acUvity and Buckingham canal and will it atttacts CRZ Notification. Project proponent The distance between the proposed construction activity and Buckingham canal bund is 125 meters and hence this project will not attract CRZ :_ _ __ -Notification, 1991

The Pubiic hearing Cormmittee decided to recommend to Tamiinadu Pollution control Board for issue of NOC to the said project.

S riq Thiru. Pradeep Yadav L.A.S (Convener, Public Hearing Committee) (Chairman, Public Hearing District Environmental Enigirieer. Committee) Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board, District Collector Kancheepuram District. Kancheepuram District

111-3 ANNEXURE 4

DETAILED BREAK-UP OF COST FOR PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexure - 4

Annexure - 4

Detailed Break-up of Cost for Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures

SN Description Quantity Cost 1 Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Pond Size of the pond 600m X 75m Depth of the pond 4m (lm free board) Side Slope 1:3 Calculation of Quantity Earth Work Excavation Volume (600X75) + (588X63)/2 X 4 = 1,64,088 M3 Say 1,66,000 N3 Transporting Surplus Earth 1,50,000 N3 Formation of Bund Volume 0.5X1(9+3) = 6 M3 6 X 2(600+75) = 8100 M3 Pitching in the slopes 16.00 X 2(600+75) = 21600 M2 Pitching in the top of the bund 3 X 2(600+75) = 4050 N2 Total Pitchin£ 21600 M2 + 4050 N2 = 25650 M2 Bottom Lining with Clay 588 X 63 = 37044 M2 Say 37100 M2 Piping with PVC 200 mm dia 300 X 3 + 500 X 3 = 2400 Rmts Fencing 2 X (600 + 75) = 1350 Rmts Costing a Earth Work Excavation 1,66,000 N13 55Rs/ M3 91,30,000 b Transportation of Surplus Earth 1,50,000 N13 4ORs/ M3 60,00,000 c Formation of Protective Bund 8100 M3 ( 9ORs/ M3 7,29,000 d Pitching with PCC Precast Slab 25656 NM2 16ORs/ M2 41,04,000 e Bottom lining with Clay 37,100 M2 ( 2ORs/ NI2 7,42,000 f Piping from the pond to the 2450 Rmts @ 800Rs/Rmt 19,60,000 public wells g Providing Rapid Sand Filters at 6 6 X 2,60,000 Rs 15,60,000 locations h Fencing of Pond 1350 Rmts @ 515 Rs/Rmt 6,95,250 2,49,20,250 Total Say 2,50,00,000 2 Improvement of Roads Existing Road 1500m X 7.5 m width = 11250 NM2 Alternative Routs for 3750 N2 Transportation 35 1 Total 15000 NM2 265 Rs/ M2 39,75,000 New Roads of 30 mts wide 600 m ( 160 lakh/Km 96,00,000 New Roads of 12 mts wide 1000 m ( 65 lakh/Km 65,00,000 2,00,75,000 Total Say 2,00,00,000

IV-1 FinalReportfor Rapid EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Construction of Tenements at Okkium Thuraipakkam Annexiure - 4

Si.Decito No Description Quantity Cost 3 Construction of Wells with Platform Cost for construction of 6 m dia X 6 m deep well with platform 6 X 25 lakh/wel 13,50,000 with provision of cross bar ,, I arrangement Provision of PCC layer at the 6 X 55,000 Rs/well 3,30,000 bottom of the well Services 20,000 Total 17,00,000 4 Tree Planting Tree sapling and Planting cost 2000 ( 150 Rs/tree 3,00,000 - Tree guard 2000 @ 600 Rs/tree 12,00,000 MIaintenance cost for 3 years 2000 ( 250 Rs/tree 5,00,000 Total 20,00,000

IV-2