FACTFILE: GCSE Engineering and Manufacturing 3.2.2 Using Materials, Parts, Components, Tools, Equipment and Processes (Cont.)
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FACTFILE: GCSE Engineering and Manufacturing 3.2.2 Using materials, parts, components, tools, equipment and processes (cont.) Mark out materials using appropriate tools Learning outcomes Students should be able to: apply knowledge and understanding of the following; • mark out materials using appropriate tools; • use an appropriate range of hand tools and machines; • use appropriate joining and finishing processes; and • assemble an item using appropriate tools and equipment where necessary. The first step in the manufacturing process is the marking out or layout, which transfers a design or pattern to a work piece. It is performed in many industries although in the repetition industries the machine’s initial setup is designed to remove the need to mark out every individual piece. A range of tools are required to ensure the design is transferred accurately. When working with wood the following would be the most common tools to use; • 30 centimetre steel rules; • HB or H pencils; © AMLBox_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos • marking gauge; • try square; • marking knife; and • sliding bevel. Steel rules 30 centimetre steel rules are used for marking off measurements on wood. The calibrations start immediately to allow accurate measurements to be taken into a corner or joint. © ikitano_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos 1 FACTFILE:FACTFILE: GCSEGCE HISTO ENGINEERINGRY OF AR TAND / ARCHITECTURE MANUFACTURING / 3.2.2 Pencils Pencils are used for marking out lines across, on and around wood. They need to be kept sharp to provide thin and accurate lines. © Paket_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos Marking gauge A marking gauge is used to mark a line parallel to a straight edge. The stem and stock are made from beech and the thumbscrew usually from plastic or brass. The marking gauge is an extremely important tool for marking parallel lines and preparing for cutting joints. The distance between the stock and the spur can be adjusted by loosening the thumbscrew which allows the stock to slide along the stem. The thumbscrew can then be tightened once the correct distance has been reached. A ruler is used to set the distance. Thumbscrew Spur Stem Stock © Steve Gorton_ThinkstockPhotos Try square The woodworkers try square is composed of two main parts - the stock and the blade. The blade is made from hardened and tempered steel which makes it resistant to damage. The try square is pushed against the straight edge of a piece of wood and a pencil or a marking knife is then used to mark a straight line across the material at a right angle to the edge, or parallel to the edge when the stock is placed against the end. © Shivendu Jauhari_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos 2 FACTFILE:FACTFILE: GCSEGCE HISTO ENGINEERINGRY OF AR TAND / ARCHITECTURE MANUFACTURING / 3.2.2 Marking knife If a saw is to be used to cut a line across a piece of wood a marking knife can be used to go over lines drawn in pencil. This action cuts the surface fibre and gives an accurate and clean start for saws to begin on. © bozhdb_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos Sliding bevel A sliding bevel is used if a line is to be marked across the piece of wood. It can be adjusted to provide any angle between the wooden stock and the steel blade. © RedDaxLuma_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos When working with metals these are the marking out tools required: • engineers square; • scriber; • odd-leg calipers; • marking blue and, • dividers. Engineers square This all-metal square is similar to the try square used on wood. However, the engineers square is smaller but is used in the same manner to mark out metal pieces, with a scriber being used instead of the pencil or marking knife. © Lalo85_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos 3 FACTFILE:FACTFILE: GCSEGCE HISTO ENGINEERINGRY OF AR TAND / ARCHITECTURE MANUFACTURING / 3.2.2 Scriber Scribers are used to draw/scratch lines onto the surface of a piece of metal. Odd-leg calipers Odd-leg calipers are the metal equivalent to a marking gauge. They are used to draw a line along a piece of metal. Marking blue Marking blue is brushed onto a piece of metal first which makes seeing the lines marked on the surface much easier. Dividers The sharp points on both ends are used to mark out circles and curves onto a piece of metal. They can also be used to mark off lots of equal distances along a line once the measurement has been set. When marking out plastics these are the marking out tools required include: • 30 centimetre steel rules; • felt tip pens; • try square; © nyvltart_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos • sliding bevel; • Odd-leg calipers and • dividers. The tools are used in exactly the same way when marking out on plastics. 4 FACTFILE:FACTFILE: GCSEGCE HISTO ENGINEERINGRY OF AR TAND / ARCHITECTURE MANUFACTURING / 3.2.2 Revision Questions: 1. What tool is commonly used to measure dimensions whenever marking out? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___ 2. What is the name of the tool used to check that © MileA_iStock_ThinkstockPhotos one surface is at right angles to another? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe how you would mark a parallel line to the edge of a piece of timber. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What should you use to mark a line parallel to the edge of a piece of metal? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. In what circumstances would a marking knife be used? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the purpose of a sliding bevel? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is the purpose of using marking blue on a metal sheet? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 FACTFILE:FACTFILE: GCSEGCE HISTO ENGINEERINGRY OF AR TAND / ARCHITECTURE MANUFACTURING / 3.2.2 Additional Resources: http://www.mechanicalbuzz.com http://www.technologystudent.com (Equipment and processes) http://www.explainthatstuff.com/weldingsoldering.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIKQ-FL96uU http://www.explainthatstuff.com http://www.the-warren.org/GCSERevision/resistantmaterials/ https://www.wood-finishes-direct.com/blog/what-is-pva-glue http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize © CCEA 2018.