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Pakistan Legislative Elections, 10 October 2002 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Account of the mission to observe the Parliamentary and Provincial Assembly elections in Pakistan 10 October 2002 26 October 2002 INTRODUCTION At its meeting on 4 September 2002, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament, in response to a letter from Mr Brok containing the recommendation of the Election Coordination Group, decided to send a mission to observe the parliamentary and provincial assembly elections to be held in Pakistan on 10 October 2002. At its meeting on 19 September 2002 the Conference of Presidents held an exchange of views with Mr John Cushnahan MEP, EU Chief Observer for the Pakistan elections, who explained that the Government of Pakistan had not signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the EU on the Election Observation Mission (this would have covered, inter alia, security arrangements). The Conference of Presidents decided to ask the Pakistani authorities "to provide written guarantees concerning the security of the members of a possible official delegation and accompanying staff and that in the absence of such guarantees no official delegation should be dispatched to Pakistan". In a letter to President Cox dated 23 September 2002 the Ambassador of Pakistan to the European Union wrote that "the Government of Pakistan would extend usual courtesies, particularly security". It was accordingly decided to send the mission to Pakistan. The delegation to observe the elections was to have been composed of 5 members of the European Parliament appointed by the political groups on the basis of the rolling d'Hondt system. In the event, the delegation that went to Pakistan consisted of three members, Mrs Lisbeth Grönfeldt Bergman, Mrs Luisa Morgantini and Mr Marcelino Oreja Arburúra. At a preliminary meeting in Brussels on 2 October 2002, Mrs Grönfeldt Bergman was appointed leader of the delegation. The Delegation was accompanied by Mr Silva Maia of the EPP Group secretariat and Mr. Rose of the European Parliament secretariat. - 2 - ARRIVALS Mrs Morgantini arrived in Islamabad on 7 October 2002 at 08.20 hrs on flight PI 356 from Lahore. Mrs Grönfeldt Bergman arrived in Islamabad on 7 October 2002 at 08.55 hrs on flight PI 300 from Karachi, and Mr Oreja arrived in Islamabad on 9 October 2002 at 02.20 hrs on flight EK 614 from Dubai. PROGRAMME OF THE MISSION Monday, 7 October 2002 14.00 hrs Briefing sessions for the European Parliament Delegation in the Marriott Hotel, Islamabad, by - Mr John Cushnahan, Chief Observer, on the background to the elections and progress so far. - Mr Oskar Lehner, Deputy Chief Observer, on the work of the election observation mission and on the role of the EP Delegation. - Mr Julian Cheasley, Security Adviser, on the security situation and security matters. - Mr Plamen Tonchev, Political and Legal Adviser, on the historical background and the political scene. - Mr Staffan Darnolf, Election Expert, on the organisation of the elections and the situation regarding the national and provincial assemblies, as well as information regarding the observation procedures. - Mr Ziauddin, Resident Editor of Dawn, one of the principal English language newspapers in Pakistan, on the political landscape and the political parties contesting the elections. Tuesday 8 October 2002 8.00 hrs - Departure by air for Lahore. 10.00 hrs - Briefing with local long-term Observers (LTOs) and Short Term Observers (STOs) in the Avari Hotel, Lahore. - Briefing by Mrs Regina Tauschek, LTO, on the situation in Lahore and in Punjab in general regarding the political parties, the lead-up to the elections, and the campaign so far. - 3 - 11.00 hrs Meeting with Lieutenant General (retired) Khalid Maqbool, Governor of Punjab, Pakistan's largest and most populous province. Also participating were senior provincial government and police officials. 13.15 hrs Working Luncheon in the Avari Hotel with Mr Nadjam Sethi, Editor of the Daily Times, Mr Achmed Rashid, journalist and author of "Taliban" and "Jihad", Mr Arif Nizami, Editor of the Nation, and Mr Mayed Ali, Chief New Editor of the News. 15.30 hrs Meeting with Mr Qasim Zia, President of the Pakistan People's Party - Parliamentarian (PPP-P) (Mrs Bhutto's Party) for the Punjab. A meeting originally arranged with the PML-Q (Pakistan Muslim League -Quaid-e-Azam (PLM-Q) (Party supporting General Musharraf) was cancelled by that party on the grounds that the local leaders of the party were too busy in the immediate lead-up to the election. 17.00 hrs Meeting with Mr Akram Zaki, Vice-President of the Pakistan Muslim League - Nawaz (PML-N) - (Mr Nawaz Sharif's Party). 20.20 hrs Departure by air for Islamabad. Wednesday 9 October 2002 The delegation divided into three teams. Mrs Morgantini with a Danish STO went by road to Peshawar, to observe the elections in North West Frontier Province. Mr Oreja with Mr Silva Maia went by road to Rawalpindi, to observe the elections in that part of Punjab Province. Mrs Grönfeldt Bergman with Mr Rose stayed in Islamabad to observe the elections in Islamabad rural and urban districts. - 4 - All members of the EP delegation were briefed by the core team in Islamabad, and issued with equipment and the relevant reporting forms. The separate parts of the delegation were subsequently briefed on the situation in their areas of observation by the local LTOs. * * * Thursday 10 October 2002 - polling day The three parts of the EP delegation observed the election as follows : Mrs Grönfeldt Bergman observed the election in the rural and urban constituencies of the Islamabad Federal Capital area. Mr Oreja observed the election in Rawalpindi and the surrounding area of Punjab Province. Mrs Morgantini observed the election in Peshawar and the surrounding area of North West Frontier Province. Each part of the delegation observed the count in a polling station. In Islamabad the count was observed in Federal Government Junior Model School F-10/4. The part of the delegation in Islamabad observed the constituency count for constituencies NA 48 and NA 49, when the results from the different polling stations were aggregated, in the Islamabad Aggregation Centre on the night of 10 to 11 October 2002. Friday 11 October 2002 Morning - Members of the delegation in Islamabad observed the centralising of results from all constituencies throughout the country in the Central Results Centre in the Election Commission Building, Islamabad. - 5 - During the course of the day, the parts of the delegation that had observed the elections in Rawalpindi and Peshawar returned to Islamabad. 14.15 hrs Commonwealth Press Conference, Marriott Hotel, Islamabad. The part of the delegation remaining in Islamabad attended a press conference given by Mr Tan Sri Musa Hitam, Chairman of the Commonwealth Observer Group, at which the Commonwealth Group's Preliminary Statement was presented. Saturday 12 October 2002 08.30 hrs Debriefing of EU observers, Marriott Hotel. - Initial debriefing by Provinces, followed by general debriefing. 14.00 hrs Consultation of the EP Delegation by Mr Cushnahan, Chief Observer, on his Preliminary Statement on the elections. 15.15 hrs Marriott Hotel, Press Conference and issuing of Preliminary Statement by Mr Cushnahan, Chief Observer. Sunday 13 October 2002 Mrs Grönfeldt Bergman and Mr Oreja, as well as the accompanying officials, left Islamabad on flight EK 615 to Dubai. Monday 14 October 2002 Mrs Morgantini left Islamabad at 09.00 hrs on a special UN special flight to Kabul. - 6 - BACKGROUND TO THE ELECTIONS General Musharraf, Chief of Staff of the Army, came to power in a bloodless military coup on 12 October 1999, when he overthrew the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, suspended the national and provincial assemblies and put the 1973 constitution in abeyance. Initially he took the title of Chief Executive, and on 20 June 2001 was sworn in as President of Pakistan by the Chief Justice (effectively self-appointment). The military take-over was validated by the Supreme Court on the basis of "doctrine of necessity" with the important proviso that democracy should be restored within a three-year time limit, i.e. by October 2002. In many ways President Musharraf's coup mirrors similar coups in 1958, 1969, 1977 and 1988. On 30 April 2002 President Musharraf held a referendum in which he asked the Pakistani people to confer the Presidency on him for five years. According to the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) 99.47% of voters approved the proposal. However Pakistani opposition parties, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and much of the press claimed that the referendum had been marred by widespread irregularities including vote rigging, stuffing of ballot boxes, and pressure on government employees to vote yes. The turnout was widely contested. The government claimed 56% (high for Pakistan) while elements in the opposition gave a figure of as low as 5%. The referendum was not condemned by world powers, including the EU, despite the allegations of irregularity. Only the European Parliament expressed disquiet by blocking approval of the trade and cooperation agreement with Pakistan. This benign approach by the international community is believed to be a result of President Musharraf's decision of 13 September 2001 to cooperate with the American campaign against the Al Qaeda network and the Taliban in the wake of the attacks on New York and Washington on 11 September 2001 (despite the fact that the Taliban had been largely supported by Pakistan up to that date). On 21 August 2002 General Musharraf issued "Legal Framework Order 2002" (LFO), decreeing 29 amendments to the Constitution, validating all his Presidential orders, Chief Executive's Orders and other laws made subsequent to the military take-over. The LFO declared that these acts were valid notwithstanding any judgement of any Court, and that they cannot be called into - 7 - question before any Court.
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