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The National Borders of Scotland
The National Borders of Scotland Updated and extended October 2013 By Dr James Wilkie & Edward Means of Dr James Wilkie & Associates Scotland’s national borders comprise one terrestrial border with England and several sea borders, two with England and several with other countries (the Isle of Man, Ireland, Faeroes, Norway, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands). The government of the United Kingdom has attempted to make unwarranted and illegal changes to both the terrestrial and the North Sea borders between Scotland and England. All these purported changes have been unfavourable to Scotland. The purposes of this paper are: To provide the Scottish people with complete information on Scotland’s true national borders, including information on historic and more modern illegal attempts to change them; To expose the UK Government's recent and current bad-faith manoeuvres to change the true national borders; To expose the Scottish Government’s dereliction of its duty to the people of Scotland by not taking constant and unceasing official action against those illegal UK Government actions; To expose the European Union’s undemocratic, bureaucratic, imperialistic and often recklessly incompetent intrusions into Scotland’s territorial waters. This paper is an update and extension of ‘The National Borders of Scotland’, originally published in November 2011, 2009. It also incorporates some material from ‘Scotland’s Hijacked Oil Revenue’, published in September 2010. This paper adds significant relevant material which has recently come to light, and examines some of the ramifications of the European Union’s Lisbon Treaty and alternatives to Scotland’s remaining in the European Union. 1 of 23 Terrestrial Border Scotland’s terrestrial border with England was fixed on 25 September 1237 by the Treaty of York, signed by Alexander II of Scotland and Henry III of England. -
Performing the Anglo-Scottish Border: Cultural Landscapes, Heritage and Borderland Identities
Northumbria Research Link Citation: Holt, Ysanne (2018) Performing the Anglo-Scottish Border: Cultural Landscapes, Heritage and Borderland Identities. Journal of Borderland Studies, 33 (1). pp. 53-68. ISSN 0886-5655 Published by: Taylor & Francis URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1267586 <https://doi.org/10.1080/08865655.2016.1267586> This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/30439/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/pol i cies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher’s website (a subscription -
INSIDE… • the Marine Acts • Kings & Queens • Join Us for World Oceans Week! • Conference 2010 Report
TIDELINES Newsletter of the Solway Firth Partnership • Issue 33 • Summer/Autumn 2010 INSIDE… • The Marine Acts • Kings & Queens • Join us for World Oceans Week! • Conference 2010 Report . and lots more 1 Contents Chairman’s Column Page 3 ith the Marine and Coastal Access Act passed in late n Departures and Arrivals W2009 and the Marine Scotland Act in early 2010, _______________________________ administrations both north and south of the border are Page 4 -5 now steaming ahead with implementation. For anyone n The Marine Acts - working in the marine environment there is a lot of change What happens next? to keep up with and for people working in and around the _______________________________ Solway and North Irish Sea there is an even larger volume Page 6 of information to contend with. As well as keeping up to n Inshore Fisheries and Conservation date with developments in both England and Scotland, Authorities people around the Solway are also affected by the marine _______________________________ management of other nearby administrations, not to mention developments further afield such as EU initiatives. Page 7 n Inshore Fisheries Groups Closer to home, an important next step will be the © Crichton Development Company _______________________________ Gordon Mann, OBE establishment of marine planning regions and the Page 8 -9 SFP Chairman Partnership has been pleased to contribute to the recent n Kings and Queens consultation on Defra marine plan areas. The outcome of this is yet to be confirmed _______________________________ but the likelihood is that the southern part of the Solway will form part of a large North West marine planning region extending right down to Wales and well out Page 10-11 into the Irish Sea. -
Early Large-Scale Maps from Cumbria: Edward VI to James I
Early Large-Scale maps from Cumbria: Edward VI to James I Local maps are exceedingly rare in the medieval period – only thirty are known for the whole country, none of them from Cumbria. Under the Tudors, local maps become a little more common, produced for government purposes, or to assist courts in legal disputes, or for estate management. Only one, or possibly two such maps depicting any part of Cumbria is known for the first half of the sixteenth century, but more than a dozen survive from the second half, listed below, together with a number of known, and two lost, local maps from the reign of James I. Perhaps inevitably, the majority of these maps focus upon the borders with Scotland. If anyone knows of any maps of this era that we have missed, we would be grateful to learn of them. The maps themselves are not reproduced for copyright reasons, but references as to their locations are given, together with details if they have been previously published. (1) Petyt’s Castlemilk, 1547 (Hatfield House, Cecil Papers Maps, CPM II.27) Probably made by Mr Petyt, Surveyor of Calais, this is a coloured picture map which just touches on Cumbria, showing the castle at Castlemilk in birds-eye view, with its height and other dimensions marked, while distances are shown (in miles) to a range of surrounding places from Dumfries to Langholm and Carlisle, the latter being shown walled, and dominated by its cathedral. Four cardinal points are named, and the map has south-west at the top. It was made after the defeat of the Scots at the battle of Pinkie, 10 September 1547 and the capitulation of Castlemilk, and was clearly produced to show Protector Somerset the strategic importance of the castle. -
Read Book the Armstrongs : the Origins of the Clan Armstrong And
THE ARMSTRONGS : THE ORIGINS OF THE CLAN ARMSTRONG AND THEIR PLACE IN HISTORY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Grace Franklin | 32 pages | 31 Mar 1997 | Lang Syne Publishers Ltd | 9781852170646 | English | Glasgow, United Kingdom The Armstrongs : The Origins of the Clan Armstrong and Their Place in History PDF Book Whether Siward was born in England is also not known for certain. Edinburgh: D. The Scotsman Edinburgh. Zylpha , Armstrong. The Armstrong name was common over the whole of Northumbria and the Scottish Borders. The last Chief, Archie Armstrong, was executed as an outlaw in , and the lands of Mangerston were forfeited to the rival Clan Scott. Getting Out. The website was even added as an external link on to the Wikipedia article on 22 July In this enviroment it is not hard to understand how a reputation for plundering, bloodshed, and violance came to be tied to these maraders of the border lands. John , Armstrong. Views Read Edit New section View history. Format Paperback. Margaret 0. It was formerly in question as to which it belonged, when they were distinct kingdoms. Siward governed in peace the territory of Northumbria which extended from the Humber River to the Tweed River on the border of Scotland, and was greatly respected and loved by the Northumbrians who were chiefly of Danish extraction better a Danish devil than an English saint? The Debatable Lands , also known as debatable ground , batable ground or threip lands , lay between Scotland and England. The Clan Little Society had a Guardian in place of a clan chief but, since his death in , no suitable successor has appeared. -
1 People, Space, and Law in Late Medieval and Early Modern Britain and Ireland
1 People, space, and law in late medieval and early modern Britain and Ireland* ‘In England, to all appearance, law very rapidly became territorial, and he was a West-Saxon who lived in Wessex.’1 Law is one instrument of government: a discourse of authority central to claiming, peopling, exploiting, and keeping spaces.2 It is ‘an arm of politics and politics was one of its arms’.3 Historians have charted how law could be used to integrate a polity (Wales with England) or to change its social characteristics (the project to ‘civilize’ Ireland) or to mark out its separateness (the guarantee of Scots private law at the Union of 1707).4 Since the era of the great Whig historians of the nineteenth century, law and history have diverged and British social historians have paid scant attention to law as an institutional basis for difference and something which shapes (and is shaped by) local ‘manners’, customs, and habits.5 Yet law itself is of historical significance, not just a filter through which we perceive the people of the past, not an epiphenomenon of something else, and not a marginal curiosity: ‘law matters’.6 By recognizing that they have taken over much of the agenda of the old legal tradition, historians can add a ‘legal turn’ to the spatial one which they have begun to incorporate into their work.7 A comparative approach that makes law part of both geography and society can shed fresh light on convergences and divergences in the historic experience of different parts of Britain and Ireland. -
Reivers and Relatives: Ancestors Along the Anglo-Scottish Border Craig L
Reivers and Relatives: Ancestors along the Anglo-Scottish Border Craig L. Foster AG® Where are the Borders? The Scottish called this region “The Borders” while the English called it the “Border” and it specifically meant the frontier with Scotland. George MacDonald Fraser, The Steel Bonnets: The story of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers (London: Pan Books, 1972), 20. “The Anglo-Scottish Border follows a line roughly south-west to north-east, from the Solway Firth to Berwick-upon-Tweed, roughly along the Cheviot Hills.” “It is a land of bare, bleak, and wildly beautiful moorland, upland, wooded valley and peat bog.” Matthew Hartley, “The Bloody Borders: 16th century Anglo-Scottish Border Reiving” Jean le Bel in 1327 “described the [north/border] country as ‘wild country, full of wastelands and great hills and very impoverished, save for livestock.’” Andy King, “The Anglo-Scottish Marches and the Perception of ‘The North’ in Fifteenth-Century England,” Northern History 49:1 (March 2012): 38. The Borderers “Being at home in the desolate hills of Border sheep farms is the mark not only of those who live and work on them; it is also a dimension of the identity and distinctiveness of the Scottish borderlands.” John Gray, “Open Spaces and Dwelling Places: Being at Home on Hill Farms in the Scottish Borders,” American Ethnologist 26:2 (May 1999): 441. There “were many writers in the south of England in the winter of 1460-1461 who regarded northerners as ravening brigands, and a threat to civilization.” Andy King, “The Anglo-Scottish Marches and the Perception of ‘The North’ in Fifteenth-Century England,” Northern History 49:1 (March 2012): 38. -
The Lands of Johnnie Armstrong Known As
The Lands of Johnnie Armstrong Known As "Of Kilnockie"This article is from the 1996 Christmas issue of the Milnholm Cross and Trust Topics, the newsletter of the Armstrong Trust. It was written by Alan Armstrong, then the Chairman of the Armstrong Trust and republished in The Armstrong Chronicles, April, 2005. The first we ever hear of Johnnie is in 1525, recorded in The Book of Carlaverock. Therein is a Charter (or "Letter of Entries") given by Robert Lord Maxwell in favour of John Armstrong, of Lands in Eskdale dated 4th August. Transcribed into modern English it reads: "Be it known to all men by the present letters, I Robert Lord Maxwell, warden of the West March of Scotland against England and having of our Sovereign Lord the King the lands and lordship of Eskdale, have taken and reserved, and by the tenor of the present letters takes and reserves to my loving friend Johne Armistrang, tenant in free heritage to the lands underwritten with their attachments, that is to say, the lands of Dalbetht, the lands of ScheId, the lands of Dawblane, the lands of Staplegortoun, the lands of Langholm, and the lands of Teviotshelis, with their attachments, lying in the Lordship of Eskdale, within the Sheriffdom of DumJries; And also for the good and thanliful service done and to be done and to be done to me and my heirs by the said John Armistrang and his heirs, I grant me to have entered him to the said lands, in fee and heritage, to be held of me and my heirs as Lords of Eskdale for evermore, after the form of his infiefment; In witness of which thing to this my letter of entries, subscribed with my hand, my seal is hung, at Dumfries, the third day of August, the year of God 1525, before the witnesses John, Abbot of Dundranan, Sir Herbet McBrare, chaplain, Herbert Gledstanis, Andrew Herries and James Anderson, with many others. -
Carlisle District: Rural Masterplanning LONGTOWN May 2013 Page 1
Carlisle District: Rural Masterplanning LONGTOWN LONGTOWN Figure 1: Location of Longtown May 2013 Page 1 Carlisle District: Rural Masterplanning LONGTOWN Settlement Profile: Strategic position Longtown is located 9 miles north of Carlisle and 3 miles south of the Scottish border on the A7 which passes through north-south to Edinburgh and Carlisle. Longtown is at an important junction with the A6071 from Brampton in the east, which continues to link with the A74(M) to Glasgow to the west of Longtown and the A75 to Dumfries and Stranraer. There are also minor roads to the north, east and south which serve the wider agricultural hinterland. It is located on the banks of the River Esk, with a bridge crossing that has historic significance and was a toll crossing. Nearest settlements include: Westlinton (2.8 miles); Moat (4.2 miles); Easton (4.2 miles); and Gretna (4.8 miles), Longtown has the largest sheep auction market in England. This is strategically very significant for livestock farmers in a wide area. Auction day is also important for socialising for the livestock farming community and for the local economy. Longtown is also the site of one of the biggest Defence Munitions Sites in Western Europe. It was one site that stretched to Eastriggs over the border in Scotland, which was the biggest maker of explosives during WW1, where Gretna was established to house the workers. Currently, the future of the munitions store is under review as the license will require renewal in 2014 and investment is required to upgrade the facility. The area was remote and this western border between Scotland and England was not clearly defined from the 14th to the 17th centuries. -
Clan Crozier
Clan Crozier Clan Crozier (crosier, croser, cros, etc.) is one of • William le Gros Earl of Yorkshire (Count of Au- the border reiving clans of Scotland, along with the male) died 1179 could easily be the influence of Armstrongs, Elliots, and Nixons. Some sources cite the the Croyser of today’s border region being of York- surname as a sept of the Armstrong clan, but the Scottish shire. Name similarities exist between, Le Cros Parliament in 1587 identified the Croziers as a middle and Le Gros and today’s Crozier and Grozier sur- march clan.[1] names. William le Gros, owned Scarborough Cas- . Borough means fort and is symbolized on the An armigerous clan is a clan without a chief, and a sept is tle a clan which follows a chief. So an armigerous clan like shield of Scarborough. Scarborough is of Anglo- Clan Armstrong, since it does not have a chief, does not Saxon origins, and people with the surname Scar- have septs. Clan Crozier, not having a chief by the Lord borough are known to be from Scarborough. The Lyon King of Arms, is an armigerous clan allied with the Y-DNA of the people named Scarborough was used far more populous Clan Armstrong. to locate an entry point into the British Isles, of an Elfwald/Elwald.[8] Name version of Crozier with a G; Grosar, Grosars, Grossars (RB Armstrong), Gros, and Grozier, which OCR (optical character 1 Name evolution recognition), sometimes read the upper case C as a G, is questioned if the document is handwritten, Croyser, Croiser, Crosier, Crozier. -
Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History
Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History The Politique of Henri 11:: De Fact• French Rwt> in Scotumr~ 1 1550-1554 E~izabeth Bonn~r The Politique of Henri II: De Facto French Rule in Scotland, 1550-1554 Elizabeth Bonner The Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History Volume 7 June 1999 JOURNAL OF THE SYDNEY SOCIETY FOR SCOTTISH HISTORY Volume No. 7, June 1999. Patron: Professor Michael Lynch, Sir William Fraser Professor of Scottish History and Palaeography, University of Edinburgh. COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY ELECTED FOR 1999 President: Malcolm D. Broun OAM, QC, BA(Hons), LLB (University of Sydney), on whom the Celtic Council of Australia has conferred the honour of 'Cyfaill y Celtiaid' (Friend of the Celts). Vice-Presidents: Elizabeth Ann Bonner, BA(Hons) Ph.D. University of Sydney, Paper Convenor and Co-editor. James Thorburn., retired Bookseller and Antiquarian Hon. Secretary: Valerie Smith, Secretary of The Scottish Australian Heritage Council. Hon. Treasurer: lain MacLulich, Major, (retired) a Scottish Armiger. Editor: Gwynne F.T. Jones, D.Phil. Oxford, MA New Zealand. Committee Members: Ethel McKirdy-Walker, BA University of NSW, MA University of Sydney. Cecile Ramsay-Sharp. The Sydney Society for Scottish History Edmund Barton Chambers Level 44, M.L.C. Building Sydney N.S.W. 2000 AUSTRALIA Tel. (02) 9220 6144 Fax. (02) 9232 3949 Printed by University of Sydney Printing Service University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, AUSTRALIA. ISSN: 1320-4246 CONTENTS page Introduction ... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. 1-5 The Politique of Henri II: De Facto French Rule in Scotland, 1550-54 6-107 Illustrations and Map No. -
Fears Raised on Spread of Virus Into Eskdale Supporting
DO YSOUR uBIT TpO HEpLP THoEM TrHRtOUiGHn THIgS CR ISISo: STAuY ATr HO ME! Series 2 No. 8355 Established May 1848 Thursday May 14, 2020 www.eladvertiser.co.uk 80p BRIEF ING NEWS July date for town’s flood scheme or der Fears raised on spread of virus into Eskdale A FLOOD order notice to pro - UK government’s relaxation of restrictions causes confusion mote the Langholm flood pro - ESKDALE residents fear they are at risk of being Constable Iain Livingstone con - tection scheme is likely to be infected with the coronavirus after the UK government firmed their position, saying delayed until the end of July, relaxed restrictions on travel in England. there was no intention to have it has been revealed. roadblocks on the border. They are worried that visitors sages at Gretna and the A7 at The area’s MSPs have also Full story: Page 5 will come over the border on Canonbie was that the A7 was been contacted by concerned the A7, even though the lock - managed by Transport Scotland constituents. NEWS down continues in Scotland. for the Scottish government, They say they are the most while the road at Gretna was Tourists Double celebration vulnerable to the virus being controlled by Dumfries and Gal - Joan McAlpine, SNP MSP for for Langholm’s bands spread because they live so loway Council. South Scotland, said: “Some close to the border to Cumbria He added: “I know the council people in Langholm have con - tacted me worried about tourists which has one of the highest has talked to both Transport and day trippers coming over infection rates in the country.