DOCSLIB.ORG

Salt River Valley, Arizona

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Salt River Valley, Arizona A stratigraphic survey of pre-Spanish trash mounds of the Salt River valley, Arizona Item Type Thesis-Reproduction (electronic); text Authors Schroeder, Albert H. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 08:10:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191395 I / 3 .1-S I- , ,_ 4 4 0 + 'S S. a "5, 3 _4___ a 'a. 4 (S 0 4 S. ''S a. 7 LI. 01 OI. 'a I ''S THE SALT RIVER VALLEY IIaaV,ON ARIZONA U UI. .45 Is' -I' I. I U SI / > I. 0 I. SALT Rv(S INDIAN 5(3(RVAIION az .4. ,.., -- --- I. C. I C' 0 'S. II .4 IN )AN QE.(4VAT ION V YtI.aIda,eazti Ci. I - tI..._.. Li.AiA4AIJjgJ,. .4. SEND THE 'SI SALTRIVER VALLEY St $1 5V4051 4=J= ARIZ ONA u.( I A STRATIGRAPHIC SURVEY OF PRE-SPANISH TRASH MOUNDS OP THE SALT RIVER VALLEY ARIZONA by Albert Henry Sobroeder A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate College University of Arizona 1940 Approved: Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer is indebted to the faculty of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Axizona for a critical reading of the text and for valuable suggestions. I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Harold S. Colton and Dr. Emil W. Haury for their time spent on the identification of the intrusive pottery. I also wish to thank Mr. Julian Hayden for his criticisms and for putting his notes concerning the architecture of the compound at my disposal. I am indebted to Mr. T. A. Hayden, Asa't. Chief Engineer of the Water ser8 Association for his critical analysis and suggestions pertaining to the canals. I also want to express my gratitude to Mr. Frederick Scantling for his time and aid with the photography. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ILLUSTRATIONS. , . V INTRODUCTION . S S S 1 THE SALT RIV VALLEY I I 2 Topography. 2 Geology. 2 Climate. 3 Fauna . 4 Flora . S S S I S S 5 Environment in the late 19th century . 6 Archaeological history 8 APPROACH AND IvIEThODS I I S 12 FIELD SURVEY S 18 Canals . S . 19 Ceremonial grottos S S S S S 35 Ball courts . 38 Compounds I I I 5 53 Stone structures S I I 60 Trash mounds S S S I 4 67 FEATURES S S S I I 72 Tests I I I 5 . 72 Houses I S I 74 Roasting pits S I I I 76 Pottery heap . 78 Cremations I 79 Burials I I S I I 84 Rock clusters S I S S I I 85 STONE WORK . S S 87 Abrading tools . I S I I I 87 Ground implements S I S 89 Carved stone I S I S 93 Chipped stone I 5 94 Stone ornaments I S I S 96 SHELL WORK . S I I S I I 5 100 Ground 8hell I I I 5 100 Carved shell S I I I S I S 5 103 Etched shell S I S I 104 CLAY OBJECTS S I I I I 5 106 Secondary uses S S - S S I 107 iii Page POTTERY 110 General iio Time range 110 Percent of wares 119 Vessel relationships , , . 120 Finish 122 Vessel forms 124 Design layout 127 INTRUS IVF 129 BONE WORK 131 METALS AND MINERAI.S 133 FOOD 134 CONCLUSIONS 136 Pioneer Period 136 Colonial Period 139 Sedentary Period 142 Classic Period 147 APPENDIX 155 IResults of survey 155 IIComparative data on the prehistoric canals 160 IIIMean measurements of Southwestern courts 161 IVTimeassociations of Southwestern courts 162 VCompound data in the Salt River Valley 163 VIAnalysis of pier test 165 VIIData on ball courts in the Southwest 166 VIII Percent of phasesrepresented in trash mounds tea ted 182 DCDescription of new pottery types . 183 .X Percent of occurrence of shell 187 XI Fauna 188 XII Flora 190 BIBLIOGRAPHY 193. iv ILLUS ThAT IONS Following Plates page I Canal in T2N,R5 . 34 IICanal in T1N,R5E . 34 III Casa Grande type of ball court . 52 IV Upper levels of compound . 52 VWest wall of boulder site . 62 VIBoulder site on top of hill . 62 VII Remnants of walls of a fort . 66 VIII Trash mound . 66 IXHouse 87, Site ]. 75 XHouse 1, Site 12 . 75 XI Top of roasting pit . 77 XIICross-section of roasting pit . 77 XIII Roasting pit after contents were removed . 77 XIVContents of roasting pit . 77 XVTkiree rocks at base of roasting pit 77 XVITop of pottery heap . 78 XVIIBase of large pit cremation 78 XVIII Inverted bow], cremation . 83 XIXExtended burial , , 83 XXReaiuers, whetstones, and arrow straightenex'a . 88 XXI Pecking stones, polishing stone, haimnerstones, and stone ball . 88 XXIIStone bowls and axes 90 XXIIIManos . , . 90 XXIVPhalli, rings, and basin stones . 92 XXV palettes . 92 XXVIKnives, saw, chopper, and hoes . 96 XXVII row points and drill . 96 XXVIIIStone pendants, beads, ornaments, and discs. , , , 9? XXIXGround shell bracelet and ornaments 101 XXXShell pendants . 101 XXXIShell beads and rings 102 XXXIICarved shell bracelets, pendants, and ornaments 102 XXXIIIEtched shell XXXIVFigurines . 107 XXXV Clay discs, beads, and. whorls . 108 XXXVI Pottery scrapers and pendants . $ 108 XXXVII Gus Red and Salt Red sherds . 112 XXXVIII Tonto Polyobrome bowl . 112 V Following Plates page XXXIXBone awls and rings . 132 XL Copper bells . , . , . 132 Figures around plans of Mayanand Southwestern balleourts . ... 42 Ground plans of boulder sites .. 63 Soil stratigraphy in trench 1, Site 1 69 cround plans of houses .. .. 74 Crosssections ofroasting pits . 76 Developmental chart of stone work 99 Developmental chart of shell work 105 Occurrence of pottery types 110 Development of red ware in the Salt River Valley . 119 Evolutionof thedecorative treat- inent of the Red-on-buff ware. 128 asociations of the intrusives . 130 Maps The SaltRiverValley,Arizona . Frontispiece Distribution of ball courts in Arizona . 51 vi INTRODUCTION In October 1938, a state-wide Works Progress Admin- istration archaeological project was set in motion with the University of Arizona acting as sponsor. Sub-project B, located in Phoenix, was one of the five agencies involved in gathering archaeological data throughout the state and was set up with the express purpose of conducting a stratigraphic survey of the Salt River Valley in order to record all re- maining sites, determine their chronological affinities, and make a study of the artifacts removed in an effort to gather as much evidence as possible pertaining to the prehistory of the valley before it was destroyed by vandalism or leveled by agricultural activities. The area concerned was the Salt River Valley proper, which lies east of and adjacent to the Gi].a-Salt meridian directly bisected by the base line (Map 1). All work was carried on in and from Pueblo Grande Lab- oratories, a city-owned park area, under the direction of Mr. Odd 5. Halseth, situated four miles east of Phoenix on Washinton Street, where the city of Phoenix supplied the project with the necessary working facilities and equipment. -1- -2- THE SALT RIVEIi VALLEY Topography The Salt River Valley of south central Arizona, 1108 feet above sea level, is an alluvial plain, nearly level but with a slight dip to the west, Its approximate length from the eastern ranges to the western end is 35 miles, and it averages 15 miles in width. The Salt River enters from the east and meanders in a westsouth-wester1y direction tbrough the valley, emptying into the Gila River 13 miles west of Phoenix, The valley proper is flat and rises slightly along its peripheries as it reaches the foothills of the surrounding mountains. On the north are the Phoenix Mountains, to the northeast the Camelback Mountains, on the south the South Mountains,to the southwest the Estrella Mountains, and on the west the White Tank Mountains (Map 1). Geology The oldest geological formations are two outcrops of Archaen granite, one occurring north of Tempe and theother in theCamelbackMountains. There are occasional exposures ofAlgonkeanmetamorphosed sediments along thesouthwestedge of the Phoenix Mountains. Tertiary sandstones and brecelas occur in the mountains north of Tempo as well as in the Camelbacks, andlavas of the same age are found in Bell Butte, Tempo Butte, and ina dike in the mountains north of Tempo. Otherwise, the valley is covered with a Quaternary detrital fill. Better grades of pro..Cambrian metamorphosed sedimentary quartzites and argillitea of a less disturbed nature are found in the Tonto Basin east of Salt River Valley. The Superstitions contain the main supply of rhyolite, white tuff and ash, also a result of Tertiary eruption. At present, deposition of a detrital nature is takingplace.1 TOthe aboveresourcesmay be added diorite and dacite boulders that clutter up the local stream beds; magnetite occurring in desert washes; garnets and obsidian from the mountains, the latter around Superior; mica in the Horse- thief Basin area; hematite and slate in the Cave Creek Station region; mica sehist in the vicinity of the Shaw Mountainsnorthof Phoenix; soapstone on the western range of the Estrellas along the north slope; and in evidence almost anywhere in the valley is the most abundant raw material 2 caliche. 3 Climate The yearly temperature range is great, varying from 16 to 118 degrees Fabrethieit, having a mean of 69.7 degrees, and a daily temperature range in January of 25.8 and in June of 32.2 degrees.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Michigan Radiocarbon Dates Xii H
    [Ru)Ioc!RBo1, Vol.. 10, 1968, P. 61-114] UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN RADIOCARBON DATES XII H. R. CRANE and JAMES B. GRIFFIN The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan The following is a list of dates obtained since the compilation of List XI in December 1965. The method is essentially the same as de- scribed in that list. Two C02-CS2 Geiger counter systems were used. Equipment and counting techniques have been described elsewhere (Crane, 1961). Dates and estimates of error in this list follow the practice recommended by the International Radiocarbon Dating Conferences of 1962 and 1965, in that (a) dates are computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5570 yr, (b) A.D. 1950 is used as the zero of the age scale, and (c) the errors quoted are the standard deviations obtained from the numbers of counts only. In previous Michigan date lists up to and in- cluding VII, we have quoted errors at least twice as great as the statisti- cal errors of counting, to take account of other errors in the over-all process. If the reader wishes to obtain a standard deviation figure which will allow ample room for the many sources of error in the dating process, we suggest doubling the figures that are given in this list. We wish to acknowledge the help of Patricia Dahlstrom in pre- paring chemical samples and David M. Griffin and Linda B. Halsey in preparing the descriptions. I. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES 9240 ± 1000 M-1291. Hosterman's Pit, Pennsylvania 7290 B.C. Charcoal from Hosterman's Pit (40° 53' 34" N Lat, 77° 26' 22" W Long), Centre Co., Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • 01A-Front Page
    July 2005 Volume 36, Issue 3 Court Rules: Historic Designation of Coronado Belt Line Unlawfully Set Aside by City Council SUSAN BRANDT HAWLEY The San Diego Historical Resources Board has declared after careful review that the portion of the Coronado Belt Line railway located in San Diego is a historic site. At the request of the MTDB and Councilmember Ralph Inzunza, the City Council overturned the Board’s desig- nation in 2004 against the recommendations of City staff and the City Manager, with Councilmember Donna Frye as the sole dissenting vote. Save Our Heritage Organisa- tion (SOHO) sued the City because, as City staff pointed out, there was no legal basis to overturn the historic status. (San Diego Superior Court Case GIC837743.) On July 15th, San Diego Superior Court Judge Ronald S. Prager ruled in favor of SOHO, agreeing that the City acted unlawfully and granting a peremptory writ requir- ing the City to set aside its action. (See ruling at www.sandiego.courts.ca.gov.) Photo/Bruce Coons The Coronado Belt Line looped around the San Diego coastline and up the Silver Strand to Coronado as part of the Spreckels railroad empire, contributing to San Diego’s growth and vitality as it linked the City with the harbor and South Bay communities. From 1888 until the mid-20th century, the Belt Line regularly transported residents, visitors, World War I and II military shipments, agricultural products, building materials, and commer- cial and industrial wares through the region. SOHO Executive Director Bruce Coons said, “This is an important precedent proving that the City Council can not arbitrarily overturn historic designations just because they want to approve some ill-advised development scheme.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistoric Settlements of Coastal Louisiana. William Grant Mcintire Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1954 Prehistoric Settlements of Coastal Louisiana. William Grant Mcintire Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Mcintire, William Grant, "Prehistoric Settlements of Coastal Louisiana." (1954). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8099. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/8099 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HjEHisroaic smm&ws in coastal Louisiana A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by William Grant MeIntire B. S., Brigham Young University, 195>G June, X9$k UMI Number: DP69477 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI DP69477 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest: ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoindian Settlement Across the Driftless Area
    WisArch NEWS Fall 2016 Volume 16 Number 2 WisArch News The Newsletter of the Wisconsin Archeological Society Paleoindian Settlement Across the Driftless Area WAS Officers, Chapters….……….. .....2 MessageIn from this the President Issue …… ..…...3 WAS Chapters………………………....4 Chapter Programs………..……...…….5 Devil’s Lake Mound Centennial…....6-9 Regional Research……….……..…10-24 News and Notes on Wisconsin Archaeology……………..……........25-27 Merchandise and Contributing to the Newsletter……………………..……....28 Wis Arch Digital Backissues..……......29 Back Dirt: 100 Years Ago in the Wisconsin Archeologist…………….…30 A Fall View of the Driftless Area in Southwestern Wisconsin from the Summit at Blue Mound State Park. Membership in the Wisconsin Archeological Society………......…….31 Late Paleoindian Copper Corner: Recent Work on Agate Basin in the Updating the the Trempealeau Trempealeau Wittry Archaeological Bluffs………….10 Typology……..15 Project…….…17 WISARCH NEWS VOLUME 16 NUMBER 2 Wisconsin Archeological Society www.wiarcheologicalsociety.org5TU UU5T5T Officers, Chapter Presidents & At Large Advisors 2016 Elected Officers: PresidentU :U Kurt Ahira Sampson, k5TU [email protected] UU5T5T Cell: 414-405-4367 (Elected Spring 2012) Term until Fall of 2016 PresidentU Elect:U Seth Schneider, [email protected] UU5T5T 414-254-5148 (term beginning Fall 2016) SecretaryU :U Jake Pfaffenroth, [email protected] UU5T5T 262-365-3605 (Elected 5-10 Re-elected Fall 2013) (Chair of Multi Media Committee) TreasurerU :U Jake Rieb, [email protected] UU5T5T 608-234-2896 (Elected 5-10 Re-elected Fall 2013) WASU Chapter Presidents & Chapter Vote:U Charles E. Brown Chapter-Madison, WI: Joe Monarski, [email protected] UU5T5T Kenosha County Chapter-Kenosha Public Museum: Donald Shelton, [email protected] UU5T5T Robert E.
    [Show full text]
  • NPS Archeology Program: Research in the Parks
    NPS Archeology Program: Research in the Parks https://www.nps.gov/archeology/sites/npsites/effigyMounds.htm Archeology in the Parks > Research in the Parks > Documenting Native American Monuments at Effigy Mounds National Monument The eastern half of the United States has a wide variety of ancient and historic earthen mounds, ranging from simple conical mounds to large platform mounds and complex concentric circles. These earthen architecture structures were built by many different American Indian groups over several thousand years. In the Midwest, effigy mounds built in the shapes of bears, birds, panthers, snakes and water spirits were particularly prevalent. These mounds are primarily found in southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, eastern Iowa, and southeastern Minnesota. A bear effigy mound, outlined in limestone as part of an aerial They date to about AD 650-1200, and photography experiment. NPS photo. were probably built by the ancestors of the Ho-Chunk and other Midwestern tribes (Goldstein 2009). The mounds are commonly located on flat high areas overlooking rivers and streams, especially where they intersect wetlands and lakes. These areas afforded good views, and the mounds would probably have been visible from long distances, especially if nearby trees were removed. Excavations of mounds have uncovered human remains; besides burial sites, the mounds probably also functioned as territory markers and as multi-purpose ceremonial places. The lakes and marshes associated with the effigy mounds were productive sources of food, especially in winter. The people who built and used the mounds lived in small nearby villages. They hunted, fished, and gathered wild plant products, but also had small gardens where domesticated plants such as sunflower and squashes were grown.
    [Show full text]
  • La Mamelle and the Pic
    1 Give Them the Picture: An Anthology 2 Give Them The PicTure An Anthology of La Mamelle and ART COM, 1975–1984 Liz Glass, Susannah Magers & Julian Myers, eds. Dedicated to Steven Leiber for instilling in us a passion for the archive. Contents 8 Give Them the Picture: 78 The Avant-Garde and the Open Work Images An Introduction of Art: Traditionalism and Performance Mark Levy 139 From the Pages of 11 The Mediated Performance La Mamelle and ART COM Susannah Magers 82 IMPROVIDEO: Interactive Broadcast Conceived as the New Direction of Subscription Television Interviews Anthology: 1975–1984 Gregory McKenna 188 From the White Space to the Airwaves: 17 La Mamelle: From the Pages: 87 Performing Post-Performancist An Interview with Nancy Frank Lifting Some Words: Some History Performance Part I Michele Fiedler David Highsmith Carl Loeffler 192 Organizational Memory: An Interview 19 Video Art and the Ultimate Cliché 92 Performing Post-Performancist with Darlene Tong Darryl Sapien Performance Part II The Curatorial Practice Class Carl Loeffler 21 Eleanor Antin: An interview by mail Mary Stofflet 96 Performing Post-Performancist 196 Contributor Biographies Performance Part III 25 Tom Marioni, Director of the Carl Loeffler 199 Index of Images Museum of Conceptual Art (MOCA), San Francisco, in Conversation 100 Performing Post-Performancist Carl Loeffler Performance or The Televisionist Performing Televisionism 33 Chronology Carl Loeffler Linda Montano 104 Talking Back to Television 35 An Identity Transfer with Joseph Beuys Anne Milne Clive Robertson
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Community and Cosmos: a Bioarchaeological Analysis of Wisconsin Effigy Mound Mortuary Practices and Mound Construction
    CONSTRUCTING COMMUNITY AND COSMOS: A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WISCONSIN EFFIGY MOUND MORTUARY PRACTICES AND MOUND CONSTRUCTION By Wendy Lee Lackey-Cornelison A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILSOPHY Anthropology 2012 ABSTRACT CONSTRUCTING COMMUNITY AND COSMOS: A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WISCONSIN EFFIGY MOUND MORTUARY PRACTICES AND MOUND CONSTRUCTION By Wendy Lee Lackey-Cornelison This dissertation presents an analysis of the mounds, human skeletal remains, grave goods, and ritual paraphernalia interred within mounds traditionally categorized as belonging to the Wisconsin Effigy Mound Tradition. The term ‘Effigy Mound Tradition’ commonly refers to a widespread mound building and ritual phenomenon that spanned the Upper Midwest during the Late Woodland (A.D. 600-A.D. 1150). Specifically, this study explores how features of mound construction and burial may have operated in the social structure of communities participating in this panregional ceremonial movement. The study uses previously excavated skeletal material, published archaeological reports, unpublished field notes, and photographs housed at the Milwaukee Public Museum to examine the social connotations of various mound forms and mortuary ritual among Wisconsin Effigy Mound communities. The archaeological and skeletal datasets consisted of data collected from seven mound sites with an aggregate sample of 197 mounds and a minimum number of individuals of 329. The mortuary analysis in this study explores whether the patterning of human remains interred within mounds were part of a system involved with the 1) creation of collective/ corporate identity, 2) denoting individual distinction and/or social inequality, or 3) a combination of both processes occurring simultaneously within Effigy Mound communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Serpent Mound the Arc of Appalachia Preserve System
    (r\lt t. '/Zz, Serpent Mound The Arc of Appalachia Preserve System Serpent Mound is managed by Ohio History Connection \; \ -.),. and is operated by the Arc of Appalachia Preserve System. brr)('', 3850 State Route 73, Peebles, Ohio 45660 l-800-7 52-2757; [email protected] tr.z 3'.-..{ ,)r.74"1\ www. a rcofa ppa lach ia. org \sr 'r,r_-_2= Directions: Serpent Mound is located on State Route 73 near =a Peebles, Ohio. From SR 41 in Locust Grove, take SR 73 West for 4 miles. From Hillsboro, take 73 East for 18 miles. Look for the :2;1= -:-- sign for Serpent Mound on SR 73. :'2-= --r- --- ;*.4 Park Information & Regulations 2U.,'; 7,iih parking -irz There is a fee of $8/car. Please eaithworks or leave the asphalt do not walk on the =?-=-::4-'-; path to approach the serpent effigy. Serpent Mound and the park's :-1/ _ three burial mounds are ancient Native American sites which were --J- sacred to past cultures, and remain sacred to many people today, 1+=JF, Park Open: The park is open from dawn to dusk throughout the |1!r.-=2, year. The parking lot and entrance lane are not plowed in the winter, iI>>4 so please consider weather conditions prior to planning a winter visit. s.|\:-: \\-- i--\--- Museum Open: The museum is open daily in from April through =---.= October, and on weekends in March, November and most of December, See our website for hours: www.arcofappalachia.org. S-yiffi Dogs are permitted on leash only. No defacing or disruption of earthworks, stones, or soil is permitted anywhere on the grounds.
    [Show full text]
  • 1990 Midwest Archaeological Conference Program
    MIDWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE 35th ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS October 5-6, 1990 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois REF Conferenc MAC 1990 I ~~F ~e,.A.~~ rt.AC. ~ MIDWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE 35th ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM October 5-6, 1990 Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois ARCHIVES Office of the State Archaeologist The University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 35th MIDWEST ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY October 5-6, 1990 Friday Morning - OCTOBER 5, 1990 [ 1 ] General Session: HISTORIC PERIOD RESEARCH Norris, McCormick Auditorium Chairperson: Rochelle Lurie 1 0 :00 Steven Hackenberger; MACKTOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS, WINNEBAGO COUNTY, IWNOIS 10:20 Mark E. Esarey; 1989 EXCAVATIONS AT FT.GRATIOT, PORT HURON, MICHIGAN 10:40 Floyd Mansberger and Joseph Phllllppe; THE EARLY 1870S FARMER'S MARKET: CERAMICAVAIIJ\8I1..lTY' AND ECONOMIC SCALING AT THE FARMERS HOME HOTEL. GALENA, IWNOIS 11 :00 Break 11 :20 Marilyn R. Orr and Myra J. Giesen; STATURE VARIATION AMONG AMERICAN CIVIL WAR SOLDIERS 11 :40 Mark Madsen end Kevin Christensen; A GREAT LAKES FORE-AFT RIGGED SCHOONER FROM THE MID-19TH CENTURY [ 2 J General Session: NEW IDEAS ON OLD PROBLEMS Norris, 2C 1 0 :20 J. Peter Denny; THE ALGONQUIAN MIGRATION FROM THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU TO THE MIDWEST, CIRCA 1800 B.C.: CORRELATING LINGUISTICS AND ARCHAEOLOGY 1 0 :40 James A. Marshall; THE PREHISTORIC PARALLEL STRAIGHT WALLS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA EXAMINED FOR ASTRONOMICALORIENrATIONS 11 :00 Harry Murphy; BUREAUCRACY, THE AGENCY ARCHAEOLOGIST, AND
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Mounds of Wisconsin
    Indian Mounds ofWisconsin Written by Robert A. Birmingham and Leslie E. Eisenberg. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, 2000. 222 pp, Includes bibliographical references and index. $18.95 Paperback. $45.00........ Cloth Library Edition Reviewed by Thomas C. Pleger University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley building was carried out by a number of prehistoric 1f{aving taught Wisconsin Archaeology as an upper cultures over a considerable amount of time that likely division course within the University of Wisconsin represented at least several thousand years. System since 1993, I am always quite excited to read The authors start their summary of the prehistory new publications focusing on Wisconsin's prehistory. of our region with a brief overview of "Wisconsin Indian Mounds of Wisconsin is a well-written and Before the Mound Builders: The Paleo-Indian and up-to-date synthesis of the development of Native Archaic Traditions." Paleo-Indians were the rust to American cultures in the area we now call Wisconsin. enter our region at the end of the Pleistocene approxi­ Bob Birmingham is the State Archaeologist for mately 12000-13000 years ago. They were egalitarian Wisconsin and Leslie Eisenberg, a forensic anthro­ nomadic hunters ofterrestrial megafuana. Paleo-Indian pologist, is the Coordinator for the state 's Burial Sites life ways were gradually replaced during the early Program. Both of the authors are employed by the State Holocene with a more diversified subsistence economy Historical Society of Wisconsin and are actively that included hunting of terrestrial fauna, fishing, and engaged in local archaeology. They have collaborated the collection of wild plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Effigy Mounds National Monument Junior Ranger Activity Booklet
    National Park Service Effigy Mounds U.S. Department of the Interior National Monument Junior Ranger Activity Booklet LEARN PROTECT EXPLORE Dear Junior Ranger Candidate: Welcome to Effigy Mounds National Monument! The Junior Ranger program was created to help children EXPLORE the national parks and monuments, LEARN about the national parks and monuments, and to understand them well enough to want to PROTECT them. If you would like to earn an official Junior Ranger certificate, please follow these instructions: 1) Fill in your name, address, and age on next page. 2) Complete the activities from this booklet required for your age level. A parent, adult, or ranger must verify the completion of each activity. 3) Turn in your booklet at the visitor center or mail it to: Junior Ranger Program Effigy Mounds National Monument 151 HWY 76 Harpers Ferry, IA 52146 Junior Ranger books and badges are available at the visitor center desk or by mail. There is no cost to participate. Junior Ranger patches are also available for purchase in the visitor center. 4) Your booklet will be returned to you as a reminder of your visit to Effigy Mounds National Monument. This booklet is designed to help you explore Effigy Mounds National Monument. When you watch the film, visit the museum, hike the trails and attend ranger programs you will gain: *An understanding and appreciation of the early American Indian people that inhabited this area so long ago. *An understanding and appreciation of the natural environment here and along the Upper Mississippi River Valley. *A knowledge of the National Park Service’s mission to preserve and protect natural and cultural resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleo-Environmental Investigations of a Cultural Landscape at Effigy Mounds National Monument
    PALEO-ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AT EFFIGY MOUNDS NATIONAL MONUMENT By Sarah McGuire Bogen, MS and Sara C. Hotchkiss, PhD University of Wisconsin – Madison Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies Submitted 17 September 2007 National Park Service Great Lakes Northern Forest Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit Cost Sharing Grant 144-ND24 Final Draft i Acknowledgements We would like to thank, Professor Evelyn Howell and especially Professor Sissel Schroeder, for guidance and valuable feedback. Colleagues who provided technical expertise and valuable ideas: Marjeta Jeraj, Ben Von Korf, Patricia Sanford, Michael Tweiten, Shelly Crausbay, and Jennifer Schmitz Rodney Rovang at EFMO supported this project with personnel in the field and sponsorship of the research. Additionally, funding from National Park Service Great Lakes Northern Forest Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit Cost Sharing Grant, 144 ND24 made dating of the core possible. The Limnological Research Center at the University of Minnesota provided assistance with logging and initial descriptive studies of the core. Data from this study will be contributed to the North American Pollen Database and the Global Charcoal database. The cores will be archived at the National Lacustrine Core Repository, University of Minnesota. ii Abstract Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO) is a national monument that combines interpretation of Native American landscape features with natural resources management. EFMO was created to protect excellent examples of prehistoric Native American mounds that occur within its boundaries. Since its creation in 1949, EFMO has doubled in land area and the National Park Service (NPS) has become concerned with better interpretation and management of this cultural landscape. NPS desired more detailed information about the paleoenvironmental history of EFMO in order to inform management practices, aimed at reconfiguring the landscape to better imitate its look and feel during the Woodland cultural period.
    [Show full text]