DOCSLIB.ORG

RISING SEA LEVEL Diseconomies of Scale Labor Migration Volatile Growth Natural Disasters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Vulnerability non-communicable disease remoteness disaster risk management climate change RISING SEA LEVEL diseconomies of scale labor migration volatile growth natural disasters PICS VOLUME 2 Cluster Country Program Evaluation on Small States Pacific Island Countries Program Evaluation (FY05–15) © 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction This work is a product of the staff of The World RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS and Development / The World Bank Bank with external contributions. The findings, The material in this work is subject to copyright. 1818 H Street NW interpretations, and conclusions expressed in Because The World Bank encourages Washington, DC 20433 this work do not necessarily reflect the views dissemination of its knowledge, this work Telephone: 202-473-1000 of The World Bank, its Board of Executive may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they represent. noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Any queries on rights and licenses, including The boundaries, colors, denominations, and subsidiary rights, should be addressed to other information shown on any map in this World Bank Publications, The World Bank work do not imply any judgment on the part Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC of The World Bank concerning the legal 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: status of any territory or the endorsement [email protected]. or acceptance of such boundaries. Pacific Island Countries Program Evaluation (FY05–15) Cluster Country Program Evaluation on Small States PICs Volume II: Appendixes AN INDEPENDENT EVALUATION © 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202- 522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. ii Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... IV APPENDIX A. REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS ............................................... 1 APPENDIX B. ASSESSMENT OF THE WORLD BANK PROGRAM IN TONGA .................................. 3 APPENDIX C. WORLD BANK GROUP OPERATIONAL PROGRAM IN TONGA FY05–15 ............... 25 APPENDIX D: ASSESSMENT OF THE WORLD BANK PROGRAM IN SAMOA ............................... 41 APPENDIX E. WORLD BANK GROUP OPERATIONAL PROGRAM IN SAMOA FY05–15 ............... 65 APPENDIX F. PACIFIC ISLANDS TABLES ........................................................................................ 86 APPENDIX G. EVALUATION OF WORLD BANK GROUP ASSISTANCE IN BUILDING RESILIENCE IN THE PICS ....................................................................................................................................... 103 APPENDIX H. EVALUATION OF WORLD BANK GROUP ASSISTANCE IN ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ..................................................... 124 All volumes of the Cluster Country Program Evaluation on Small States are found online at http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/evaluations/cpe-smallstates. iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ANZ Australia and New Zealand Banking Group AusAID Australian Agency for International Development BSP Bank South Pacific CAS country assistance strategy CEDAW Convention for Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CROP Council of Regional Organisations DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia) DPO development policy operation DRM disaster risk management FFA Forum Fisheries Agency GDP gross domestic product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GFMIS Government Financial Management Information Systems IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICT information and communication technology IDA International Development Association IEG Independent Evaluation Group IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States PASO Pacific Aviation Safety Office PCRAFI Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative PEARL Pacific Early Age Readiness and Learning PER public expenditure review PFM public financial management PICs Pacific Island countries PICASST Pacific Islands Civil Aviation Safety and Security Treaty PIDP Pacific Islands Development Program PMU Program Management Unit PPA Pacific Power Association PPP public- private partnership PRIF Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility PSD private sector development SCD Systematic Country Diagnostic SME small and medium enterprise SPC Secretariat for the Pacific Community SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Program TFSU Technical and Fiduciary Services Unit UNDP United Nations Development Programme USP University of the South Pacific All dollar amounts are U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. iv Appendix A. Regional Institutions in the Pacific Islands Regional Institutions PIFS: The Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat was set up in the early 1970s. It is the Secretariat to the annual Pacific Island Forum meeting of Pacific leaders. At the Forum the leaders agree on priorities for the region as part of the Pacific Plan. There are 100 staff members. CROP: The Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific is an interorganizational consultative process which aims to prevent either overlaps, or gaps, appearing between the work programs of its various members. In addition to the Forum Secretariat, the members of CROP are: FFA: The Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency is an advisory body that was established to help countries sustainably manage their fishery resources that fall within their 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zones. FFA provides expertise, technical assistance and other support to its members who make sovereign decisions about their tuna resources and participate in regional decision making on tuna management. PIDP: The Pacific Islands Development Program was established in 1980, is to assist Pacific islands leaders in advancing their collective efforts to achieve and sustain equitable social and economic development consistent with the goals of the Pacific islands region's people. PIDP began as a forum through which island leaders could discuss critical issues of development with a wide spectrum of interested parties. SPC: The Secretariat for the Pacific Community is a regional intergovernmental organization which serves 22 Pacific Island countries and territories through technical assistance, policy advice, training and research. It operates in a wide range of sectors with the aim of achieving three development outcomes— sustainable economic development, sustainable natural resource management and development, and sustainable human and social development. SPREP: The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Program is a regional organization established by the governments and administrations of the Pacific region to look after its environment. This is reflected in the Mission Statement of SPREP that calls on the organization, "to promote co-operation in the South Pacific region and to provide assistance in order to protect and 1 APPENDIX B ASSESSMENT OF THE WORLD BANK PROGRAM IN TONGA improve its environment and to ensure sustainable development for present and future generations." SPTO: The South Pacific Tourism Organization, established in 1983 as the Tourism Council of the South Pacific, is the mandated organization representing tourism in the region. It has 18 government members and its mission is to market and develop tourism in the South Pacific. USP: The University of the South Pacific is the premier provider of tertiary education in the Pacific region and an international center of excellence for teaching, research consulting and training on all aspects of Pacific culture, environment and human resource development needs. Established in 1968, USP is jointly owned by the governments of 12 member countries: Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. The University has campuses in all member countries. PPA: The Pacific Power Association is an inter-governmental agency to promote the direct cooperation of the Pacific island power
Recommended publications
  • Climate Update

    Climate Update

    1919 The Island 9 April 2002 Climate Update An overview of the present climate in the tropical South Pacific, with an outlook for the coming months, to assist in dissemination of climate information in the Pacific region. Produced by the National March’s climate Institute of Water and An extensive area of enhanced convection occurred over equatorial waters about and west of the Atmospheric Research, date line, from Papua-New Guinea to Western Kiribati, with another convective band associated with New Zealand. a southward displacement of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) extending from the northern Coral Sea southeast to affect Vanuatu and New Caledonia. The SPCZ continued to be more active than usual over southern French Polynesia. Rainfall was more than 200% of average in parts of New Caledonia and southern French Polynesia. Heavy rainfall occurred in New Caledonia during the passage of tropical cyclone ‘Des’, the only occurrence in March, which reached storm force as it Contributors tracked southeast from 5 through 7 March. Dry, sunny conditions prevailed over northern Fiji, much of Tuvalu, Tokelau and many islands in northern French Polynesia. Rainfall less than 50% of average Australian Bureau of continued on the Queensland coast of Australia, extending into the western Coral Sea. March was Meteorology unusually warm in Fiji with mean air temperatures at least 1.5ºC above average at some sites. Meteo France More on Page 2. Fiji Met Service European Centre for Medium Range Forecasting, ECMWF NOAA Climate Prediction Centre UK Meteorological Office International Research Institute for Climate Prediction, IRICP World Meteorological Organisation, WMO Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR) anomalies, in Wm-2 , for February 2002 represented by shaded areas, and rainfall percentage of average, shown by numbers.
  • Basic Instruments Selected Documents

    Basic Instruments Selected Documents

    WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION BASIC INSTRUMENTS AND SELECTED DOCUMENTS Volume 11 Protocols, Decisions, Reports 2005 GENEVA, MAY 2008 In the series of the WTO Basic Instruments and Selected Documents, the follow- ing publications are available in English, French and Spanish and can be obtained from Bernan Associates or from the WTO. BISD 1995, Protocols, Decisions Reports, etc., published in 1995 ISBN 92-870-1226-1 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 1996, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 1996 ISBN 92-870-3302-1 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 1997, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 1997 ISBN 92-870-3319-6 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 1998, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 1998 ISBN 92-870-3334-X - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 1999, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 1999 ISBN 1-59888-133-7 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 2000, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 2000 ISBN 978-1-59888-143-1 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 2001, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 2001 ISBN 978-1-59888-150-9 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 2002, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 2002 ISBN 978-1-59888-160-8 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 2003, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 2003 ISBN 978-1-59888-191-2 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 2004, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 2004 ISBN 978-1-59888-193-6 - ISSN 1726-2917 BISD 2005, Protocols, Decisions, Reports, etc., published in 2005 ISBN 978-1-59888-249-0 - ISSN 1726-2917 PREFACE The 2005 volume of the WTO Basic Instruments and Selected Documents (BISD) contains Protocols, Decisions and Reports adopted in 2005.
  • When Risk Management of Natural Hazards

    When Risk Management of Natural Hazards

    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Not if but when Adapting to natural hazards in the Pacific Islands Region A policy note Public Disclosure Authorized 2006 Sofia Bettencourt | Richard Croad | Paul Freeman | John Hay | Roger Jones Peter King | Padma Lal | Alan Mearns | Geoff Miller | Idah Pswarayi-Riddihough Alf Simpson | Nakibae Teuatabo | Ulric Trotz | Maarten Van Aalst The World Bank East Asia and Pacific Region Pacific Islands Country Management Unit Adapting to Natural Hazards in the Pacific Islands Region 1 This Policy Note is dedicated to the memory of Savenaca Siwatibau for his efforts and vision in mainstreaming hazard risk management into economic planning in the Pacific. Note: The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this Policy Note are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent nor to the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, SOPAC or AusAID. Contents List of Acronyms iii Prologue iv Contributors vi Executive summary viii 1 High vulnerability 1 1.1 Fifty years of disasters 1 1.2 Recent trends 4 1.3 The future climate 6 2 Key lessons learned 9 2.1 Early action pays 9 2.2 Some action but too little impact 11 3. Future directions 17 3. 1 Strengthening the enabling national environment 18 3.2 Supporting decision-making 20 3.3 Mainstreaming 24 3.4 Implementation 28 3.5 Monitoring and evaluation 30 3.6
  • Consideration of Funding Proposals – Addendum

    Consideration of Funding Proposals – Addendum

    Meeting of the Board GCF/B.20/10/Add.14/Rev.01 1 – 4 July 2018 al a Songdo, Incheon, Republic of Korea Provision agend item 4 July 2018 p ls X Consideration of funding y roposa – Addendum IV Independent Technical Advisor Panel’s assessment Summary is m s s s e Th addendu contain the independent Technical Advisory Panel’ assessment of funding proposals (FP082-FP090) submitted for th Board’s consideration at its twentieth meeting. GCF/B.20/10/Add.14/Rev.01 Page b Table of Contents a e e FP 082 Green Cities Facility 1 FP 083 Tong Renewabl Energy Project under th Pacific Islands Renewable Energy a Investment Program 16 s FP 084 South Taraw Water Supply Project 32 e e e e FP 085 Enhancing climate resilience of India’ coastal communities 43 FP 086 Building livelihood resilienc to climat chang in th upper basins of Guatemala’s s s highlands 54 FP 087 Upscaling climate resilience measure in the dry corridor agroecosystem of s 8 El Salvador (RECLIMA) 66 s FP 088 Biomas Energy Programme in the South Pacific 0 FP 089 Transforming e Financiale System for Climate 89 FP 090 DBSA Climat Financ Facility 94 GCF/B.20/10/Add.14/Rev.01 Page 1 Independent Technical Advisory Panel’s review of FP082 Proposal name: Green Cities Facility Accredited entity: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Project/programme size: Large I. Assessment of the independent Technical Advisory Panel 1.1 Impact potential Scale: High 1. Cities and municipalities are critical to delivering climate change mitigation and adaptation action.
  • Title Layout

    Title Layout

    Disaster Risk Assessment and Recovery Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Pacific Islands. The World Bank UAV4Resilience Project - Update Malcolm Archbold Consultant, World Bank 27 November 2019 Pacific Islands GIS & RS Conference 2019 Introduction Pacific Island nations are some of the most vulnerable to natural disasters • Cyclone Waka – 2001 – Tonga • Cyclone Heta – 2003 – Tonga, Niue, American Samoa • Cyclone Lin – 2008 – Fiji • Cyclone Wilma – 2010 – Solomon Islands, Tonga • Cyclone Ian – 2013 – Fiji, Tonga • Cyclone Pam – 2014 – Vanuatu • Cyclone Winston – 2016 – Fiji • Cyclone Gita – 2018 - Tonga Cyclone Ian, Vanuatu, Jan 2014 The World Bank UAV4Resilence Project • Assess the utility of UAVs in Disaster Management for the SW Pacific • Identify the potential cost-benefits of UAVs for disaster assessment • Develop Standard Operating Procedures for in country operations UAV4Resilence Project UAV Challenge Project – October 2017 Cyclone Gita – Feb 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga OpenAerialMap.org UAV Training and Capacity Building • Commence in May 2019 • Objectives: • Assist in procurement, training and capacity building • Involve Govt Disaster Management organisations and associated Govt Depts/Ministries • Facilitate cooperation and communication between Govt Depts and local Civil Aviation and Air Traffic Control authorities. DroneFlyer Course (2 days) Day 1 Day 2 • Civil Aviation PRAS/drone rules • Review of Day 1 • Airspace • Semi
  • Tonga Trade Policy Framework 2017-2025

    Tonga Trade Policy Framework 2017-2025

    Tonga Trade Policy Framework 2017-2025 MINISTRY OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Tonga Trade Policy Framework 2017-2025 TTPF 5.indd 1 9/03/2020 11:28:02 AM © Copyright 2020 Ministry of Trade and Economic Development Kingdom of Tonga ii TTPF 5.indd 2 9/03/2020 11:28:02 AM Tonga Trade Policy Framework 2017-2025 Table of Contents Abbreviations . v Foreword . vi Executive Summary . vii 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND . 1 2. TONGA’S TRADE PERFORMANCE, CONTEXT, AND TRADE POLICY RESPONSES . 2 2.1 Merchandise Trade Performance . 2 2.2 Trade in Services . 5 2.3 Migration and Remittances . 6 2.4 Investment Trends . 8 2.5 Macroeconomic and Social Context . 8 2.6 International Economic Context . 9 3. TRADE POLICY RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES . 11 3.1 Rationale . 11 3.2 Objectives and Targets . 12 4. PILLARS AND MEASURES . 15 4.1 Industrial and Investment Development . 15 4.1.1 Addressing Macroeconomic Issues . 16 4.1.2 Enhancing the Business/Investment Environment . 16 4.1.3 Easing Infrastructure Constraints . 18 4.1.4 Reviewing Tariff and Tax Policies . 18 4.1.5 Entrepreneurship and Skills Development . 19 4.1.6 Developing an Investment Strategy . 20 4.1.7 Targeted Sector Development . 21 4.2 Export Development and Trade Facilitation . 24 4.2.1 Assessing and Building Capacity for Export Development and Diversification . 25 4.2.2 Building a Credible Export Promotion Approach . 25 4.2.3 Leveraging on Regional Trade Agreements and Preference Schemes . 26 4.2.4 Strengthening Trade Negotiation Mechanisms . 27 4.2.5 Addressing Trade Infrastructure (Quality and Export Facilities) Constraints .
  • Pacific Island Developing Economies Briefing Notes for the Launch in Suva, Fiji, 10 May 2011

    Pacific Island Developing Economies Briefing Notes for the Launch in Suva, Fiji, 10 May 2011

    Pacific island developing economies Briefing Notes for the Launch in Suva, Fiji, 10 May 2011 Economic performance of Pacific island developing economies • Pacific island developing economies experienced sharp declines in GDP growth in 2009 on account of the global economic crisis. For 2010, the results appear to be mixed, with only Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Palau recording improved GDP growth performance. Most of the other Pacific economies virtually stagnated, with the economy of Tonga actually contracting. Good prospects for resource driven economies • Papua New Guinea is the star performer with 7.1% GDP growth in 2010 as a result of strong demand for its exports and also boosted by the commencement of PNG liquefied natural gas project. • Solomon Islands’ economy rebounded with a strong growth of 4% in 2010 after contracting by 1.2% in 2009. Solomon It benefited from high commodity prices, particularly for logs. But there is concern that the current rate of logging is far beyond the sustainable rate and exports could continue to decline and may virtually cease in the coming years. • The exception is Nauru’s economy which grew by 1% in 2008 and did not grow in 2009 and 2010. Nauru continues to be heavily dependent on phosphate exports. Due to damage caused by the storm to the export facilities, phosphate exports have been irregular. Pacific economies dependent on tourism and remittances are barely growing and some of them have also suffered natural disasters • Except for Vanuatu’s economy, most other Pacific economies dependent on tourism and remittances are barely growing. Vanuatu’s economy grew by 3% in 2010, somewhat lower than 3.8% growth achieved in 2009.This reflects lower than expected tourist numbers and delays in the implementation of infrastructure projects.
  • Emergency Response Supply Chain Assessment

    Emergency Response Supply Chain Assessment

    Emergency Response Supply Chain Assessment August 2007 Conducted by: On behalf of: Australian Council for International Development’s Humanitarian Reference Group and Australian Government, AusAID 2 Executive Summary Experiences from recent emergencies revealed that supply chain activities in the first phase of emergency response (including procurement and transport of relief items) tend to involve a lot of activity starting outside of the affected area, in the strategic zones (out of the affected country and often in the headquarters of an agency). In the study area, Access and Transportation was found to be the most challenging area of Supply Chain Management in 15 out of 16 countries in the eastern Asia and Pacific regions. 24% of all challenges identified related to Access and Transportation. Significant challenges have also been identified in the areas of Market Capacity, People Management and Coordination and Storage and Warehousing. Recommended Supply Chain Management solutions to the challenges identified include the pre-positioning of relief items further down the supply chain, in the tactical zones (just outside the affected area but often inside the affected country or in a neighbouring country). The implementation of some or all of these recommendations will have a direct impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response. 3 3 Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the following individuals, agencies and organizations (listed alphabetically) for their contributions of information, time and resources to this study: Philippa Beale – Caritas Australia in Timor Leste; Charles P. Bernimolin – Regional Disaster Response Advisor, UNOCHA Pacific; Simon Boe – World Vision Vanuatu; Virginie Bohl – LSU, UNOCHA Geneva; Raymond Bojczuk – A/Emergencies Manager Humanitarian and Emergencies Section, AusAID; Bernard Broughton – Director, Project Design and Management Pty Ltd; Florent Chane – Program Officer, Australian Red Cross (project Technical Working Group member); Miriam R.
  • Public Spending on Education, Health Care and Economic Growth in Selected Countries of Asia and the Pacific

    Public Spending on Education, Health Care and Economic Growth in Selected Countries of Asia and the Pacific

    Asia-Pacific Development Journal Vol. 19, No. 2, December 2012 PUBLIC SPENDING ON EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Biswajit Maitra and C.K. Mukhopadhyay* In this paper the role of public spending on the education and health sectors is examined with regard to promoting the gross domestic product (GDP) of 12 countries in Asia and the Pacific over the last three decades. In six of those countries, namely Bangladesh, Kiribati, Malaysia, Maldives, the Philippines and the Republic of Korea, Johansen cointegration tests confirmed the existence of cointegrating relations. In the remaining countries, namely Fiji, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tonga and Vanuatu, cointegrating relations were absent. The causal impact of education and health-care spending on GDP was further examined in the study. Education spending was found to have raised GDP in Bangladesh, Fiji, Kiribati, Maldives, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tonga and Vanuatu. On the other hand, health-care spending contributed to GDP growth in Bangladesh, Nepal, the Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka. In the Philippines spending on education had a negative impact on GDP, while in Kiribati, Maldives and Vanuatu, the impact of health-care spending on GDP was found to be negative. In the case of Malaysia and the Republic of Korea, neither education spending nor health-care spending exhibited an appreciable impact on GDP. It was also found that the gestation lag of education spending was longer than that of health-care spending. JEL Classification: I25, I15. Key words: Education spending, endogenous growth theory, health-care spending, gross domestic product.
  • Asian Development Bank and Tonga

    Asian Development Bank and Tonga

    Asian Development Bank & Tonga FACT SHEET The economy of Tonga is characterized by large volumes of subsistence Table 1. Tonga: 2014 Approved Loans, agriculture, extreme vulnerability to natural hazards, and a heavy reliance on Grants, and Technical Assistance external income (donor aid and remittances). In the medium term, Tonga’s ($ million) development prospects depend on the continued implementation of structural Loans Technical reforms that will improve economic productivity, remove bottlenecks to growth, Sovereign Nonsovereign Assistance Grants Total and strengthen macroeconomic resilience. – – 0.68 8.79 9.46 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been working with the – = nil. Government of Tonga since 1972. As of 31 December 2014, Tonga has received Note: Grants and technical assistance include cofinancing. 15 loans and 7 grants totaling $105.87 million from the Asian Development Fund, and 63 technical assistance projects totaling $22.12 million. Currently active initiatives include six grant projects totaling $68.04 million, and one technical Table 2. Tonga: Cumulative Lending, assistance project amounting to $2.68 million. Grant, and Technical Assistance ADB’s Pacific Approach 2010–2014, which also serves as the country Approvalsa, b partnership strategy for Tonga, has at its core the promotion of sustainable, Total Amount inclusive economic growth and social development. Sector No. ($ million)c %c Cumulative disbursements to Tonga for lending and grants financed by Agriculture, Natural Resources, ordinary capital resources, the Asian Development Fund, and other special funds and Rural Development 10 8.46 5.21 amounted to $87.0 million. Energy 11 29.18 17.96 Finance 10 7.93 4.88 Industry and Trade 7 2.39 1.47 ADB-Supported Projects and Programs Information and Communication Technology 1 9.70 5.97 Previous national development plans aimed to achieve higher standards of Multisector 11 41.99 25.85 living for the people of Tonga.
  • The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

    The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

    THE PACIFIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING POLICY AND LEGISLATION ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation 1 The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation THE PACIFIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING POLICY AND LEGISLATION ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Contents Glossary iv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of the study and acknowledgements 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 Findings of the institutional and policy analysis on DRR and CCA in the Pacific 3 Chapter 2. Joint National Action Plans on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change (JNAPs) – Regional Perspective 4 2.1 Background of the JNAPs 4 2.2 Intent to develop the JNAPs 5 2.3 Process to develop the JNAPs 6 2.4 Implementation of the JNAPs 7 Chapter 3. Country Studies – Tonga 10 3.1 Introduction 10 3.2 Joint National Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management 2010-2015 10 3.3 Emergency Management Act (2007) 16 Chapter 4. Country Studies – Cook Islands 19 4.1. Introduction 19 4.2 Te Kaveinga Nui – National Sustainable Development Plan 2011-2015 19 4.3 Disaster Risk Management Act (2007) 23 Chapter 5. Country Studies – Solomon Islands 26 5.1 Introduction 26 5.2 Joint framework for resilient development 26 5.3 Process towards the joint framework for resilient development 27 Chapter 6. Conclusions 29 References 32 Annex 1: Interviewees 34 Annex 2: Interview
  • Tonga Cylone & Floods Information Bulletin No. 1

    Tonga Cylone & Floods Information Bulletin No. 1

    TONGA CYCLONE & FLOODING 3 January 2002 Information Bulletin N° 1/2001 This Information Bulletin is for information only. The Federation is not seeking any funding or other assistance from donors for this operation at this tim.e The Federation has an annual regional appeal for the Pacific (01.40/2002). The Situation A tropical storm, originally heading towards Fiji and Samoa, has developed into Tropical Cyclone Waka over the Kingdom of Tonga in the southwest Pacific. Tropical Cyclone Waka intensified on New Year’s Eve with its centre averaging winds between 80 and 90 knots. Frequent heavy rain and thunderstorms, high seas and damaging swells affected Niuafo’ou and Niuatiputapu, in the northernmost island group. In the Va’vau, Ha’apai, Kotu and Nomuka groups there were gale force winds gusting up to 75 knots and heavy rain and thunderstorms squalls. Tropical Cyclone Waka moved in a southeasterly direction at 8 knots. Widespread flooding, including sea flooding, throughout all of Tonga. The Kingdom of Tonga is a narrow south/north 500 kilometre archipelago of 170 islands beginning just above the Tropic of Capricorn, 650 km southeast of Fiji. The islands form four groups: Va’vau, Ha’apai, Kotu and Nomuka. The Kingdom of Tonga has a landmass of 750 square kilometres with a population of 98,100. The majority of the population live a subsistent lifestyle and the country’s economy is reliant on agriculture and tourism. Red Cross/Red Crescent Action The International Federation’s Regional Delegation in Suva is continuing to monitor the situation. Information is being gathered regularly from the Fiji Meteorology Centre in Nadi with confirmation from other sources.