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312697 1 En Bookbackmatter 757..773 Index Note: Page numbers followed by f and t refer to figures and tables, respectively A Abnormalcy bias, 687, 688 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Acidic LAZE plumes, 91 (AVHRR), 644, 649t, 652 Acoustic flow monitors, 200 Advisory Committee for Popocatépetl Volcano, 237 Action research approach, 510, 718 Aegean Bronze Age ‘Minoan’ culture, 449 Active hydrothermal features as tourist attractions, 85 Aeronautical Information Services, Air Traffic Control, challenges of hazard communication, 92–95 and Air Traffic Flow Management, 55 challenging factors related to hazards in, 94t Aesthetics, 665, 672–673 definitions of hazard, risk and vulnerability, 87 Affective processing system, 553 hazard and crisis communication, 98 Agriculture, 42–43 alerting the public, 98–99 and critical infrastructure, 166 hazard management, 99 volcanic ash impacts on, 25–26t authorities reluctant to announce evacuations, Airborne ash hazards, international coordination in 100–101 managing, 529 people reluctant to respond to warnings, 99–100 challenges and visions of future, 535–544 hazards and risks in hydrothermal areas, communi- impacts of volcano eruption onto air traffic (case cated to public, 96–98 study), 533–535 hydrothermal tourist sites, challenges of, 88 Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) and vol- direct use of hot springs as tourist attraction, 88–90 cano observatories potential hazards, 90–92 related to volcanic ash clouds in Northern Pacific hydrothermal versus geothermal, 88 region, 531–533 main stakeholders and responsibilities, 99 Airborne Infrared Remote Sounder (AIRS), 644, 645f, visitor safety, 86–87 649t Yellowstone, 103 Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), 530, 543, 545 Active Volcanic Hazard Zone (AVHZ), 137 Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC), 533, 534 Active volcano, living with, 677 Air traffic, impacts of volcano eruption onto (case study), agency and knowledge as a basis for positive outcome 533–535 expectancy, 684 Air Traffic Management Systems, 55, 58 be frightened effectively, 684 Air Traffic Service Communication (ATSC), 543 developing preparedness through collaborative pro- Air travel, 52, 740 jects, 684–685 Akita, Japan, 90 do not rely on authorities, 683–684 Alaska, 24, 126, 530, 532, 739 Kyojo as a contributor to empowerment and trust, 686 Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), 24, 38, 532, 739 Kyojo encompassing community participation and Alert levels, 195, 310 collective efficacy, 685–686 Alessi, Giuseppe, 435 level 3 warning, challenge of living under, 686–687 Allègre, C., 356, 358f methodological and theoretical considerations, Ambae Island, Vanuatu, 465 680–681 Ambrym (Vanuatu), 74 Sakurajima volcano’s activities, 681–682 American Geographical and Statistical Society, 670 Taisho Eruption, 682–683 American military bases, 191 Active volcanoes of Colombia, 338f Analytical (or Type 2) decision making, 554 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensor, 649t, 651 Analytical processing systems, 553 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Anchorage, 54, 324, 540 Radiometer (ASTER) sensor, 649t, 651, 652, Anchorage Area Control Center (ACC), 531 653f Anchorage Flight Information Region (FIR), 531 © The Author(s) 2018 757 C. Fearnly (eds.), Observing the Volcano World, Advances in Volcanology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44097-2 758 Index Anchorage Meteorological Watch Offices (MWO), 531 Ballistic projectiles, 122 Anthropac 4.9 software, 325 Barangay Pasbul, 196 Aotearoa New Zealand, 464, 468, 474 Bárðarbunga Volcano, 653–655 Aquino, Corazon, 194 Basalt, 44, 150–152, 184, 359, 607 Arithmetical means, 576 Basaltic lava, 150, 374 Armero, 5, 193, 227, 340, 341, 344, 624 Bayesian approach. See Subjectivists Art, 665–674 Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN), 10, 446 Ash, 29, 30–34, 39, 41, 44, 53, 60, 152, 165, 239, 272, Bayesian Event Tree (BET) analysis, 10, 558 279, 280, 534, 535, 540, 541, 543, 585, 588, Bayesian statistics, 10, 292 595, 609, 622, 631, 682 BEAM/SNAP (software), 647t Ash clouds, 8, 54, 57–58, 59, 60, 174, 185, 533, 534, Beehives, 212 541f, 543, 598 Be frightened effectively, 684 Ash fall, 14, 24, 37, 55, 272, 283, 284, 472, 588, 591, Benavente earthquake (1909), 430 594–595, 635f, 686 Berthier, Paul M., 435 Ashfall mapping, public involvement in, 38 Besançon, J., 358f Ash forecasting products, 34–38 Bishop Tuff, 172 Aso volcano, eruption of, 421 Black or White Smokers, 88 Asphyxiation, 166 Blame gaming, 397 Association of Nasa Çxhãçxha Councils, 343 and blame avoidance, 405 ASTER Urgent Request Protocol (URP), 651 Blanche Bay, 212 ASTER Volcano Archive, 647t Boeing B747, 53 The asymmetry principle, 507 Botolan, 198, 200 Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF), 608 Briefing and video, 193–195 Auckland Volcanic Science Advisory Group (AVSAG), British Airways Flight 9, 8 557 Brussels-based Centre for Research on the Epidemiology Audiences, 191–192 of Disasters, 422 Authentic learning, 695 Bucao River, 201 Aviation, 8, 26, 34, 35, 51–63, 166, 529, 532, 535, 544, Buea, 378 545, 603, 609 heavy rainfall in, 386 Aviation colour code (ACC), 532, 605, 609 recovery and reconstruction, 388–389 Azores, 420, 426–432, 427f volcanic ash impacts on, 26t major eruptions on islands of, 428t Bulusan Volcano (Philippines), locally-led crisis and Azores Monitoring Centre, 74 evacuation management at, 488–490, 490f Azufrado River, Colombia, 340 Bureau of Land Management, 179 Business Interruption (BI), 596 B Bailey, Roy, 176 C Bakingili Village, 404 Caesar, Julius, 433 Ballistic ejecta, 165 Calbuco (2011), 166 Ballistic hazards, 121, 165 Caldera earthquakes, 209, 210f, 212f, 213f, 217f, 218f, assessments of, 124–127 220f, 411 case studies, 134t Caldera seismicity, 210, 217 2012 Eruptions of Upper Te Maari, Tongariro, New California-Central Nevada Seismic Belt, 172 Zealand, 134–137 California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG), 176 2014 Eruption of Mt. Ontake, Japan, 139–141 California Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, 138–139 (CEPEC), 182 Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu, 137–138 California Office of Emergency Services (CalOES), 182, communication and risk management strategies, 127 185 on-going challenges in, 133–134 California Volcano Observatory (CalVO), 185 volcanic crisis, 132–133 Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), 374, 375, 400, 400f, volcano quiescence, 129–132 401, 402 critical issues, 142–143 location of, 376f reflections on the four case study volcanoes, 142 Camp Aguinaldo, 194 risk management, 122–124 Campi Flegrei, 86, 208 understanding context and assessing risk, 141 Canarian Civil Protection, 294 Index 759 Canaries, 290, 293–295, 300 Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), 339, 344, 345, 347, volcanic emergencies in, 298–299, 301 349 Canterbury Earthquake, 696 Communication, 693–695 Capelinhos eruption, 430 during volcanic crisis, 291 Cape Verde, Atlantic Ocean, 362–366 2011–2012 eruption of El Hierro, Canary Islands, Carbon dioxide, 66 293–295 hazards from, 71–74 aspects of format and storage of information, 301 health effects of, 68t development of protocol, in Canaries, 298–299 release, 167 eruptions of Etna and Stromboli, Italy, 295–298 Carbon monoxide, 70, 74 financing aspects, 300–301 health effects of, 68t inexperience, 293 Career public servants, 517 legal aspects, 301 Cartography, 38, 631 organisational cultures, 291 Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (1951–1975), uncertainty, 291–293 424 for lahar event, 261–262, 263 Catalogue of Active Volcanoes of the World (1960s), 426 external communication, 265–266 CENAPRED (National Center for Disaster Prevention), internal communication during planning process, 236, 237, 243 263–264 Cenozoic volcanic structures, 374 internal communication during response, 264–265 Centenary Project, 680, 684, 685 technical capacity, 266–267 Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters of natural hazard, 58–60 (CRED), 422 understanding role of, 752–753 Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Communication, shared meaning, 556–558 (CVGHM), 13, 109, 310, 315, 317 Communication challenges, in context of volcanic crisis Cerro Machín volcano, 338 management, 399–400 risk communication activities in, 345–348 Communication demands of volcanic ashfall events, 23 Chalfant Valley earthquake, 178f complex communication environment, 29–30 Check-back systems, 262 disaster risk reduction context, 27–29 Chilean volcanoes, 166 during recovery, 45–46 Chloride compounds, health effects of, 68t idealised flow of communication between key partic- Chã das Caldeiras, 364f, 365 ipants, 30f Cities on Volcanoes (COV), 183 ongoing communication demands, 44–45 citizens, 517, 519–520 sector-specific considerations for communication of Citizen science, 38 ashfall hazards and risks, 39 Civil Committee of the Zapatista Front of National Lib- agriculture, 42–43 eration (CCFZLN), 331, 332 clean-up, 44 Civil defence advice for ashfall, Sistema Nacional de infrastructure, 43–44 Protección Civil, Colima, México, 40f public health, 39–42 Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM), 608, standard protocols, 39 614 for assessment of hazards from leachable elements, Civil Defence leaders and land Managers, 518 39 Civil Defense, 195, 517, 520 for assessment of respiratory health hazards, 39 Civil Protection (CP) authority, 247 tools for ash hazard characterisation and dissemina- Civil Protection Act No. 82, 2008, 273 tion, 30–34 Civil Protection and Security Council, 273 ash forecasting products, 34–38 Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), 483 hazard maps (background and crisis), 34 Clark Air Base, 192, 194, 524 informal communication, 38 Clean-up operations, 44 media releases, 38 Cloud-Aerosol
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