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Goya Dvd Propuesta Unidad Didáctica UNIT 3. SPAIN IN THE XIX CENTURY 1. The end of the Old Regime 1.1 Carlos IV and the War of Independence 1.2 Galicia during the War of Independence 2. Fernando VII 2.1. Politics 2.2. The Independence of the American colonies 3. Isabel II 4. The Revolutionary Sexennium 5. The Restoration 1 SPAIN IN THE 19th CENTURY (SEEN THROUGH ART) Art can be a great way to understand our history. Every period of our History has been reflected by painters, sculptors, photographers or film- makers. Let´s have a look at Spain in the 19th century with the help of our friends (the artists) TASK 1. BRAINSTORM Let´s check what you remember from unit 1. We can say that the transition from the Old Regime to Liberalism happens in Spain during the 19th century. Try to relate these features with either the Old Regime or the Liberalism Absolute Monarchy Parliament Constitution Equality (same rights for everybody) Different rights and duties for every state No middle classes Sovereignty resides in the nation TASK 2 In pairs, try to arrange this biography of Goya. GOYA´S BIOGRAPHY….TEXT IN PARTS The French occupation in 1808 inspires him two major works (The 2nd of May and The 3rd of May) and the series of engravings “The Disasters Of War” He started painting cartoons for the Royal Tapestry Factory (in Madrid) during the reign of Charles IV. They were scenes about the customs of the Spanish people like The parasol, The snow or La gallina ciega After a serious illness, Goya became deaf. In 1819 he went to live to a house called “La Quinta del Sordo”, where he painted the expressionist Black Paintings. At that time, Fernando VII was reigning and he had restored the Ancient Regime. 2 Francisco de Goya was a great painter who cannot be classified into any style. He was a great pioneer, an artist fond of changes and innovation. He studied in the Academy (San Fernando Royal Academy), so his first works belonged to the neoclassical style, but he tried new techniques and themes in a unique way of painting Between 1820 and 1823, Liberals forced the King to govern Spain following the Constitution. But in 1823, Fernando VII restored Absolutism and persecuted Liberals. In 1824, Goya had to exile to France where he painted his last work, the Milkmaid of Bordeaux In 1800, he became the painter of the Court. There, he portrayed the members of the nobility (The Duchess of Alba), ministers and afrancesados (Jovellanos, Godoy) and of course, the Royal Family (The family of Charles IV) TASK 3 Watch the video (20:00-23:00) and complete the sentences with the information you get from it. In _____Goya painted “The Miracle of Saint Anthony”, at Madrid’s church of _________________ His best customers at that time were_________________ He became a friend of the Duchess of Alba because___________ One painting in particular gave rise to the speculation that the they were lovers:_______________ According to the video, Goya and the Duchess of Alba were not lovers but________ 3 TASK 4 Watch this chapter of the film (26:50-28:50) and complete these sentences with the suitable word. Choose them from the list below Goya is now the painter of the__________ This portrait of the Royal Family is a________one The figure of the king lacks_______________ Queen Maria Luisa is highlighted because she is the real_______in Spain Goya appears______the group This painting was ________ by Velazquez’s “Las Meninas” Power inspired court honest behind dignity TASK 5 (29:30-34:36) Watch the video and answer the questions: Can you name the technique used by Goya in “Los Caprichos”? What about the theme? The most important engraving of the series is entitled________________ The meaning of this engraving is not clear, but it is related to an 18th century movement called____________ “The burial of the sardine” can be seen as a reflection of the Spanish society. One of the following words can be used to describe 18th century Spanish society: Reason superstition science modernization The Inquisition was__________the Enlightenment The Inquisition censored two works by Goya. Which ones? 4 TASK 6 - Watch the video ( 34:36-39:12) and complete the sentences with the suitable word Charles IV was overthrown by his son____________in March 1808 Napoleon took Madrid in May 1808 and his brother____________was crowned King of Spain After the French occupation, the War of Independence started. It was a very cruel war, reflected by Goya’s work______________ Two very important paintings by Goya reflected the revolt of the people of Madrid against the French army: the_________________and the______________________ Goya didn’t paint these works in 1808, but some years later, in_______ In 1812 Goya painted the “Colossus”, which is a metaphor for____ In 1814, after the War of Independence, king______________returns 5 TASK 7 Charles IV and his family Watch this painting and answer the questions a) Who is the most relevant character in the painting? b) Can you describe the King and the Queen? c) What are the members of the Royal Family wearing? d) Where do you think that the picture was painted? e) Where does the light come from? f) Do you think that they feel proud of being portrayed? g) Can you spot the painter among the family? Where is he? 6 TASK 8: The 2nd of May 1808 Watch the painting and answer the questions a) What are the main differences between the French soldiers and the Spanish rebels? b) What can you see in the background? And in the foreground? c) Can you describe the picture in one word? 7 TASK 9 The 3rd of May 1808 - Watch the painting and answer the questions. a) Why do you think they are being shot? b) Look at the main character. Could you describe his appearance and the expression of his face? c) What is the role of the light in this picture? d) Where does the execution take place? e) Can you divide the painting into two parts? 8 TASK 10 Con razón o sin ella (Disasters of war) Look at this engraving and try to describe the feelings of Goya towards the War of Independence 9 TASK 11 MAP COMPREHENSION Look at the map about the War of Independence and mark TRUE or FALSE and say wether the following statements are true or false: a) The Spaniards were helped by England in this war b) Bailen was a French victory c) Spain and Portugal were allies and fought against France d) The Spanish army was defeated at Talavera e) Cataluña was the first Spanish region to be freed Map http://www.sabuco.com/historia/images/Guerra%20de%20la %20Independencia.jpg 10 TASK 12 Fernando VII/Louis XIV Louis XIV of France can be considered the best example of an Absolute Monarch. If we compare these two portraits, we can discover the ideology of Fernando VII. a) Write a sentence to explain this b) The Constitution of 1812 established the basic ideas of Liberalism. Do you think that Fernando VII would agree with those ideas? Why? c) We can conclude that, after the War of Independence, Fernando VII restored _____________ TASK 13 Complete the following sentences about the War of Independence: a) The Spanish War of Independence started in____and ended in_____.It was a war between________________. The Spanish allies were__________and_________. Some of the most important battles were______________________. When the war finished______________ 11 TASK 14 The Milkmaid at Bourdeaux Goya painted this last work in 1824, some days before his death. He was living in France at that moment. Can you imagine why? - Which political changes forced Goya to flee to France? - What kind of people would do the same? 12 TASK 15 The South American Independence Read the text, watch the map, and complete the chart about South American Independence “By 1800 Spain and Portugal still ruled vast colonies in America. Some colonies tried to break free, but none succeeded. When Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, the colonies decided to fight for independence. The main fight against Spanish rule was led by Simon Bolivar from Venezuela and José de San Martin from Argentina. In 1816, San Martín led his country to gain independence from Spain. In 1817, San Martin and O ´Higgins defeated the Spanish army at the battle of Chacabuco (Chile). Chile became independent in 1818. Bolivar´s fight was longer and more difficult. He was defeated several times by the Spaniards but in 1819 he surprised the Spanish army at the battle of Boyoca (Colombia). A series of victories began. Two years later he freed Venezuela and, in 1822, he freed Ecuador and Panama from Spanish rule. Meanwhile, in 1821, Iturbide declared the independence of Mexico. In 1824, Peru and Bolivia were liberated. He tried to create a great state similar to the United States of America, called the Republic of Gran Colombia, but he didn’t succeed” YEAR NEW INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES LEADER 1816 1818 1819 1821 1822 1824 13 14 TASK 16. The Queen Write the following sentences below the right picture: - She was the eldest daughter of Fernando VII. - He was the brother of Fernando VII - His father proclaimed her queen, changing the Salic Law for this purporse. - He did not agree with his brother´s decission and started a war against his niece. - She was supported by the Cortes, the Liberals and the Army. - He was the leader of several wars named after him (“Carlistas”). TASK 17. Read the following text and answer the questions: Isabel II Isabel was crowned as queen in 1833. Then, Liberals reached the power; but they became splitted into Moderates – more conservatives- and Progressives- those who supported the Constitution of 1812.
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