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Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Albania, Published

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Report of a Home Office Fact-Finding Mission Albania Conducted 31 October to 7 November 2017 Published February 2018 This project is part funded by the EU Asylum, Migration Contentand Integrations Fund. Making management of migration flows more efficient across the European Union. Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................... 6 Background .......................................................................................................... 6 Purpose of the mission ....................................................................................... 6 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 7 Identification of sources ................................................................................... 7 Arranging and conducting interviews ............................................................... 7 Notes of interviews/meetings ........................................................................... 7 Terminology ..................................................................................................... 8 Structure of this report ..................................................................................... 8 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................ 9 Executive summary ................................................................................................ 10 Summary report ..................................................................................................... 11 1. Domestic violence ....................................................................................... 11 1.1 Prevalence ............................................................................................. 11 1.2 Societal attitudes .................................................................................... 12 1.3 Legislation .............................................................................................. 13 1.4 Reporting of cases ................................................................................. 14 1.5 Access to justice and legal aid ............................................................... 14 1.6 Support for victims .................................................................................. 15 1.7 Processing cases of domestic violence .................................................. 16 1.8 Sentencing ............................................................................................. 19 1.9 Rehabilitation .......................................................................................... 19 1.10 State protection mechanisms ................................................................. 20 1.11 Referrals ................................................................................................. 21 1.12 Protection orders .................................................................................... 21 1.13 Procedures for obtaining Protection orders ............................................ 22 1.14 Conditions attached to protection orders ................................................ 22 1.15 Number of protection orders ................................................................... 23 1.16 Effectiveness of Protection Orders ......................................................... 23 1.17 Police attitudes ....................................................................................... 24 Page 2 of 156 1.18 Police staffing and training ..................................................................... 25 1.19 Female police officers ............................................................................ 27 1.20 Community police officers ...................................................................... 28 1.21 Police work within the community ........................................................... 28 1.22 Government initiatives ............................................................................ 29 2. Victims of trafficking ................................................................................... 30 2.1 Statistics ................................................................................................. 30 2.2 False claims of trafficking ....................................................................... 32 2.3 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) ................................................ 32 2.4 Effectiveness of the police ...................................................................... 33 2.5 Training .................................................................................................. 34 2.6 Judiciary ................................................................................................. 34 2.7 Compensation for victims ....................................................................... 35 2.8 National Referral Mechanism (NRM) and database ............................... 35 2.9 Help Line ................................................................................................ 37 2.10 Re-trafficking .......................................................................................... 37 2.11 Methods of traffickers ............................................................................. 37 2.12 Strategies to combat trafficking .............................................................. 38 2.13 Regional Anti-Trafficking Committees (RATC) ....................................... 39 2.14 Witness protection scheme .................................................................... 39 2.15 Police investigations, prosecutions and sentencing ............................... 39 3. Reasons for migration ................................................................................. 40 4. Shelters and emergency crisis centres ..................................................... 41 4.2 Procedures when entering government shelters .................................... 42 4.3 National Reception Centre for Victims of Domestic Violence (NRCVDV) 43 4.4 Capacity of the NRCVDV ....................................................................... 44 4.5 Security at the NRCVDV ........................................................................ 44 4.6 National Reception Centre for Victims of Human Trafficking (NRCVHT) 45 4.7 Capacity of the NRCVHT ........................................................................ 45 4.8 Security at the NRCVHT......................................................................... 46 4.9 Leaving the centre .................................................................................. 46 4.10 Accommodation of children in government shelters ............................... 46 4.11 Employment and education whilst living in government shelters ............ 46 4.12 NGO shelters .......................................................................................... 46 4.13 Security at NGO run shelters .................................................................. 47 4.14 Emergency crisis centres and shelters ................................................... 47 Page 3 of 156 5. Support and reintegration ........................................................................... 49 5.2 Social housing ........................................................................................ 51 5.3 Other economic help .............................................................................. 52 5.4 Foster care ............................................................................................. 52 5.5 Monitoring ............................................................................................... 53 5.6 Education and young people .................................................................. 53 6. Awareness raising ....................................................................................... 55 7. Mental health provision ............................................................................... 56 7.1 Hospitals ................................................................................................. 56 7.2 Number of psychiatrists .......................................................................... 56 7.3 Community provision .............................................................................. 57 7.4 Referrals and access .............................................................................. 57 7.5 Women living in shelters......................................................................... 57 8. Women living alone ..................................................................................... 58 8.2 Divorce ................................................................................................... 59 8.3 Stigma and discrimination attached to divorce and living alone ............. 59 9. Stigma attached to victims of domestic abuse and trafficking ............... 60 10. Media ............................................................................................................ 61 10.1 Media coverage of trafficking and DV issues .......................................... 61 10.2 Training .................................................................................................. 61 Annex A: Report on the Referral Mechanism against Domestic Violence in Tirana .....................................................................................................................
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