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Index A Biology, 229 Abrams & Strogatz model, 353 Bipolar plates, 225 Active sites, 205 Blackouts, 404 Activity, 218 Blood-brain Barrier (BBB), 98, 112 Adaptive dynamics, 335, 337–340 Boltzmann distribution, 161 Adsorbents, 210 Bone, 213 Adsorption, 180 Boundary conditions, 212 Adsorption isotherm, 182 Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), 107 Advection, 17, 83 Brain, 93 AFM, 76, 79, 80 Brogniard, Adolphe, 134 Agent-based model, 22, 335 Broken detailed balance, 141 Agriculture, 320, 329 Broken symmetries, 143 Albatross, 51 Brownian motion, 31, 53, 128, 233 Allee effect, 37 Brownian motor, 149 Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), 42 Brownian pump, 149 Amorphization, 272 Brownian thermospectrometry, 133 Amorphous, 268 Brown, Robert, 134 Anisotropic Geometries, 249 Bulk current, 152 Anomalous diffusion, 106 Bulk flow, 98 Anthropocene, 333 Bumblebee, 60 Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), 239 Buoyancy, 119 Arrhenius law, 268 Burger's turbulence, 158 Asymmetric simple exclusion process, 148 Atmosphere, 115 C Atmospheric stratification, 119 Ca2+ ions, 109 Attenuation, 174 Carrying capacities, 355 Autothermal reforming of methane, 223 Cascading failures, 397, 404 Average value, 117 Catalysis, 171, 191 Catalyst pellets, 206 B Cellular automaton, 22 Basic reproduction ratio, 378 Cellular grids, 195 Basic research, 299 Central limit theorem, 50, 51, 58 Bethe ansatz, 154 generalized, 50, 59 Bidisperse, 220 Centre-of-mass diffusivity, 199 Bilingual, 357–359, 365, 371 Ceramics, 261 Bilingualism, 361, 363 Chains, 270 Bimodal, 220 Characteristic traits, 337–340, 342, 343 Binding, 234, 246 Chemical conversions, 20 Biological organisms, 212 Chemical engineering, 229 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 411 A. Bunde et al. (eds.), Diffusive Spreading in Nature, Technology and Society, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67798-9 412 Index Chemical potential, 18, 181 Dead-space microdomains, 105 Chondroitin sulfate, 108 Demic diffusion, 320, 323, 326, 343–345, 347 City infrastructure, 403 Density fluctuation, 149 Climate change, 34 Density functional theory, 166 CO2, 72, 74 Density oscillation, 162 Coarse-graining, 131 Density profile, 155 Coefficient of self-diffusion, 13 Dependency Links, 399, 401 Co-evolution, 304 Deposition of emitted substance, 119 Coexistence, 355, 358, 364, 365 Desiccation, 72 Cold Brownian motion, 143 Desorption, 180 Community structure, 403 Detailed balance, 129, 140 Complexity, 212 Detailed balance, violated, 143 Complex networks, 398 Determinism, 32 Complex systems, 398 Dextran, 107 Computer simulations, 133 Diffusion, 31, 172, 205 Concentration distribution, 116 anomalous, 60 Concentration gradient, 156 chamber, 77–79 Concentrations of pollutants, 119 Diffusion coefficient, 318, 355, 359, 380 Concerntric pattern, 382 Diffusion constant, 158 Conditional probability, 152 Diffusion current, 156 Configurational diffusion, 205 Diffusion ellipsoid, 254 Conformation, 270 Diffusion equation, 130 Consequentialist approach, 303 Diffusion in networks, 398 Conspecifics, 190 Diffusion matrix, 189 Constrained exponential growth, 280 Diffusion path, 13 Continuity, 32 Diffusion propagator, 249 Continuity equation, 16, 83 Diffusion-reaction models, 359 Continuous chimney emission, 118 Diffusion-reaction system, 354 Continuum models, 207 Diffusion tensor, 253 Control parameter, 153 Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), 252 Convection, 17 Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), 252 Convection-enhanced delivery, 112 Diffusive diffraction, 250 Convective flow, 205 Diffusivity, 14, 130, 207, 266 Converging technologies, 300 Diglossia, 364, 368, 371 Conversion, 191 Discrete models, 207 Cooperative, 269 Discretization, 32 Correlation, 63 Disease dynamic, 377 Co-transport, 79, 90 Dislocations, 271 Coulomb scattering, 137 Dispersal, 29, 371 Covariance, 63 mode of, 30 Creep, 265 pattern, 30 Critical micelle concentration, 243 Dispersal kernel, 356, 363 Crystallization, 268, 269 Dissipation, 141 Cultural diffusion, 321, 323, 329, 343–345, Distributed plumes, 120 347 Distribution Cultural transmission, 325 posterior, 44 Current-density relation, 152 prior, 44 Cuticle, 72 Distribution function, 197 Cutin, 72 Domain wall, 148 Cyborgs, 298 DOSY, 248 Drift current, 156 D Driven diffusion, 149 Darcy’s law, 18, 209 Driven lattice gas, 148 Deactivation of the catalyst by fouling, 223 Driving force, 18 Index 413 Driving force of diffusion, 181 Fast-equilibrium reaction, 110 Drug delivery, 112 Fast exchange, 195 Dynamic equilibrium, 179 Fast transport, 219 Dynamic imaging, 175 Fermi's golden rule, 165 Dystopia, 302 Ferrierite, 178 Feynman, Richard, 127 E Fiber Tracking Mapping, 252 Ebola, 375 Fibonacci sequence, 149 Ecological niche, 30, 34 Fibonacci's model, 36 Ecosystem, 45 Fick, Adolf, 136 Effectiveness factor, 193, 218 Fick's laws, 116, 129 Effective one-dimensional model, 220 Fick’s 1st law, 14, 179 Effective temperature, 132 Fick’s 2nd law, 16, 99, 179 EHEC outbreak, 394 Financial networks, 407 Einstein, Albert, 127, 128 Finger-printing, 177 Einstein’s diffusion equation, 17 First-order phase transition, 157 Ejection rate, 165 Fitness gradient, 338 Electro-catalysis, 227 Fitness landscape, 339 Electrodes, 225 Fixed-bed reactor, 206 Electron micrographs, 107 Flow channels, 226 Electrophoretic mobilities, 247 Fluctuating force, 22 Electrophoretic NMR, 247 Fluctuation-dissipation relation, 129, 140 Emergence, 56, 66 Fluctuation theorem, 140–142 Enabling technologies, 297 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, 138 Energy, 148 Focal plane array detector, 176 English-Gaelic shift, 354, 371 Foraging, 49, 53, 61 Entropy, 45, 148 Fourier, Jean-Babtiste Joseph, 136 Entropy production, 140, 141, 143 Fourier’s law, 179 Environmental conditions, 23 Fractal, 130, 211 Epi-curve, 386 Fractal dimension, 216 Epicuticular, 71, 75, 76, 79, 81, 82, 85–88, 90 Fractal distributor, 216, 228 Epidemic arrival time, 382 Fractal geometry, 216 Epidemic wavefront, 380 Fractal pattern, 382 Epidermis, 72 Fractional loading, 184 Equal hydraulic path lengths, 226 Free energy, 148 Equilibrium, 33 Frequentist interpretation of probability, 43 Equilibrium dissociation constant, 110 Frictional force, 182 Ergodicity, 200 Friction coefficient, 22 Evaporation, 80 Front, 319, 322, 324, 325 Evolution, 71 Exchange, 246 G Exchange probabilities, 195 Gaelic-English language shift, 365 Exponential growth, 319 Gas diffusion layers, 225 Extinct, 354 Gaussian, 197 Extinction, 355, 361, 363, 365, 370 Gaussian white noise, 22 Extracellular matrix, 94, 108 Generalized Einstein relation, 132 Extracellular space, 94 Generalized Linear Model, 34 Glauber rates, 160 F GLEAM, 388 Failure spreading, 397, 406 Glia, 93 Farmers, 320, 325, 329 Globalization, 352 Farming, 313, 320 Glymphatic, 98 414 Index Golden mean, 149 Infestation probability, 23 Gold nanoparticle, 136 Infestation spreading, 23 Grand stories, 292 Influenza H1N1 pandemic, 383 Grape berry morphology, 256 Infrastructure, 397 Great American Interchange, 29 Injection rate, 165 Grid cells, 24 Innovation process, 287, 298 Growth Innovation stories, 296 bounded, 36 Instantaneous source, 117 Malthusian (unbounded), 36 Integrative Optical Imaging (IOI) method, 107 Growth rate, 19, 36 Intentional design, 291 Interdependence, 399 H Interdependent networks, 397, 401, 402, 408 Habitat, 21, 180 Interfaces, 271 Hahn spin-echo, 239 Interference Microscopy (IFM), 176, 251 Heat of adsorption, 195 Intergenerational transmission, 370 Heat reservoir, 160 Intermittency, 57 Heparan sulfate, 108 Interparticle interactions, 234 Heparin, 109 Interstitial, 267 Hermeneutic approach, 303 Interstitial space, 94 Hermeneutic circle, 304 Intervention, 364, 369, 371 Hetero-diffusion, 263 Invasive species, 31 Hierarchical channel system, 219 Inversion, 120 Hierarchical design, 214 Ion pump, 167 Hierarchically structuring, 213 Ion-selective Microelectrode (ISM), 101 Hierarchical network, 214 Iontophoretic release, 100 High-density phase, 154 IR Microscopy (IRM), 176, 251 High-frequency pulses, 174 Irreversible thermodynamics, 183 Homogeneity, 32 Ising model, 161 Homogeneous, 262 Isomers, 242 Horizontal homogeneity, 121 Isotope, 262 Host-guest systems, 173 Isotropy, 32 Hot Brownian motion, 128, 131 Hot Brownian particle, 130 J Hot Brownian swimmer, 128, 142 Jamming, 147 Hot Brownian thermometry, 133 Janus particle, 136 Hot microswimmer, 134 Joint probability, 150 Human enhancement, 301 Jump length, 195 Human vascular network, 217 Humidity, 71, 72, 84, 89 K Hunter-gatherers, 325 Kärger equations, 247 Hunting-gathering, 313 Kepler ratio, 149 Hyaluronan, 108 Kernel, 321, 324 Hydraulic conductivity, 84 Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, 157 Hydrodynamic memory, 139 Knudsen diffusion, 205 Hydrogenation, 191 Hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane, 224 L Hydrogen bonded environment, 242 Lactoferrin, 109 Hydrophobic, 72 Langevin equation, 22, 65, 135 Language diffusion principle, 357 I Language inheritance principle, 357 Ideal Fermi gas, 165 Language shift, 351 Immunoglobulin G (IgG), 107 Laplacian, 380 Incompressible fluid, 117 Leaf, 219 Infection, 381 Leptokurtic, 40 Index 415 Lèvy, 49 Memory, 63, 197 Environmental Hypothesis, 56, 66 MERS, 375 flight, 49, 58 Mesolithic, 313 hypothesis, 40, 49, 52, 66 Mesopore, 195, 206 paradigm, 54, 56, 66 Mesoporous deNOx catalyst, 222 motion, 49, 53, 58 Mesoporous Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, 223 noise, 59 Mesopotamia, 180 Search Hypothesis, 56, 66 Mesoscopic, 131 stable distribution, 49, 58 Metals, 261, 264 walk, 52, 59 Metapopulation, 384 truncated, 52 Metapopulation models, 41 Light scattering, 137 Metastable, 268 Likelihood, 43 Micelles, 243 Linearity, 32 Microimaging, 176