DOCSLIB.ORG

Natural Products for Malaria Vector Control: Flora, Fish and Fungi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Natural Products for Malaria Vector Control: Flora, Fish and Fungi Natural products for malaria vector control: flora, fish and fungi Annabel F. V. Howard Thesis committee Thesis supervisors Prof. dr. ir. W. Takken Personal chair at the Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University Prof. dr. M. Dicke Professor of Entomology, Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisor Dr. J.J. Githure Head of Human Health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Kenya Other members Prof. dr. ir. R. Rabbinge Wageningen University Dr. W.J. de Kogel Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre Prof. dr. E. van Donk Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Maarssen Dr. W.J. Ravensberg Koppert B. V., Berkel en Rodenrijs This research was conducted under the auspices of the C. T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation Natural products for malaria vector control: flora, fish and fungi Annabel F. V. Howard Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 5th October 2010 at 11 a.m. in the Aula Annabel F. V. Howard (2010) Natural products for malaria vector control: flora, fish and fungi PhD thesis, Wageningen University – with references – with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-90-8585-720-4 Table of Contents Abbreviations 7 Abstract 9 Chapter 1 General Introduction 15 Chapter 2 Malaria vector control options available to rural African 51 communities in the context of an integrated vector management strategy: a review PART I EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (THE 87 NEEM TREE) ON A MAJOR MALARIA VECTOR Chapter 3 Laboratory evaluation of the aqueous extract of Azadirachta 89 indica (the neem tree) wood chippings on Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes Chapter 4 Effects of a botanical larvicide derived from Azadirachta indica 109 (the neem tree) on oviposition behaviour in Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes PART II THE USE OF LARVIVOROUS FISH FOR MOSQUITO 125 CONTROL IN WESTERN KENYA Chapter 5 Abandoning small-scale fish farming in western Kenya leads to 127 higher malaria vector abundance Chapter 6 Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western Kenya: 143 preliminary findings of a controlled study PART III CAN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BE USED TO CONTROL 155 INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT MOSQUITOES? Chapter 7 Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. leads to 157 increased susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana Chapter 8 The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana reduces 177 blood feeding in wild insecticide-resistant mosquitoes in Benin, West Africa Chapter 9 Summarizing discussion 209 References 225 Samenvatting 253 Acknowledgements 259 Curriculum vitae 261 List of publications 263 PE&RC Education Certificate 265 Abbreviations Abbreviations ACT Artemisinin-based combination therapy AZA Azadirachtin BC Beauveria bassiana window, control bednet BP Beauveria bassiana window, permethrin bednet Bti Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis CC Control window, control bednet CI Confidence interval COMBI Communication for Behavioural Impact CP Control window, permethrin bednet CREC Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DT Dispersible tablet df Degrees of freedom EC Emulsion concentrate EIP Extrinsic incubation period EIR Entomological inoculation rate FD Fisheries Department GC Gonotrophic cycle GST Glutathione-S-transferase HBI Human blood indices HPLC High performance liquid chromatography HR Hazard Ratios icipe International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology IE50 The concentration that causes 50% inhibition of emergence IE90 The concentration that causes 90% inhibition of emergence IEC Information Education and Communication IGR Insect growth regulators IPM Integrated pest management IRS Indoor residual spraying ITN Insecticide-treated bednet ITU International toxic units IVM Integrated vector management 7 Abbreviations kdr Knockdown resistance KEMRI Kenya Medical Research Institute KNAW Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences L:D Light : Dark LI 1st instar mosquito larva LII 2nd instar mosquito larva LIII 3rd instar mosquito larva LIV 4th instar mosquito larva LSHTM London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine MC Metarhizium anisopliae window, control bednet MDG Millennium Development Goals MFO Mixed function oxidase MP Metarhizium anisopliae window, permethrin bednet N Number NCP Neem seed cake powder NWM Not well maintained OR Odds Ratios PE&RC Production Ecology and Resource Conservation RH Relative humidity SDA Sabouraud Dextrose Agar SE Standard error SKK Anopheles gambiae s.s. Suakoko strain s.l. Sensu lato SNK Student-Newman-Keuls Spp. Species (plural) s.s. Sensu stricto UN United Nations UV Ultraviolet light VKPER Anopheles gambiae s.s. Valley de Kou pyrethroid-resistant strain WHA World Health Assembly WHO World Health Organisation WHOPES World Health Organisation Pesticide Evaluation Scheme WM Well maintained 8 Abstract Abstract Introduction Despite international organisations providing much focus over the past 10 years, malaria is still killing vast numbers of Africans, especially children. It is agreed that malaria can only be successfully controlled by using different control tools simultaneously in the spirit of integrated vector management (IVM), and that African communities will need to become more directly involved in mosquito control (Chapter 2). Using mosquito control tools in a way that requires almost no technical equipment or knowledge will open them up to the rural communities that are best placed to deploy them. In addition, widespread insecticide resistance is reducing the ability of insecticide-based tools to control mosquitoes. For these reasons, biological control and other natural mosquito control methods are being researched by many institutions. Several potential natural control tools are readily available in sub-Saharan Africa. If these tools prove effective and become operational, then it is possible that they will be sustainable because communities can intentionally produce the biological agents themselves, bringing a source of money to rural communities. This would be especially important in areas where infrastructure is poorly developed, and repeat applications of chemical control tools are not easily made. This thesis was designed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a variety of natural products against both larval and adult malaria vector mosquitoes using low-tech methods in laboratory and field trials. Part I: Flora Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (the neem tree) was chosen due to the already proved mosquitocidal properties, and its ready availability in Africa. We wanted to use neem in a way that could easily be deployed in resource-poor rural 9 Abstract areas. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the larvicidal and pupicidal properties of a crude aqueous extract of neem wood against the principle African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) (Chapter 3). The results indicate that even a relatively low dose of 0.15 grams of dried neem wood in 1 litre of water was able to inhibit the emergence of 90% of mosquito adults when larvae were exposed during their first three larval instars. Even for the fourth (last) larval instar, just 0.6 g/l was required to prevent 90% emergence. Furthermore, neem-exposed larvae exhibited significantly increased development times when compared to the controls. Pupae were also killed by the aqueous neem extracts, and were subject to neem-induced emergence abnormalities, but the concentrations required to kill pupae were much higher than for larvae and not likely to be used operationally. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified several polar constituents in the aqueous neem extracts including nimbin and salannin. However, azadirachtin was not present in significant amounts. The effect of this extract on the oviposition behaviour of adult female An. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes was then monitored (Chapter 4). The oviposition results show that when using 0.1 g/l of the crude aqueous neem extract, significantly more mosquitoes laid their eggs when compared to mosquitoes exposed to the control treatment. For the doses 10x and 100x higher, the same proportion of mosquitoes laid their eggs as in the control, indicating that even at much higher doses than required for successful larval control, female oviposition will not be detrimentally affected. Part II: Fish Larvivorous fish have previously been shown to effectively control mosquito numbers. Therefore, a census was carried out to examine the current status of fish farming in western Kenya (Chapter 5). Working with the Kenyan Fisheries Department we found that while fish farming is a favoured activity, 30% of the 261 10 Abstract ponds found did not contain fish. These “abandoned” ponds had significantly more An. gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus Giles and culicine mosquitoes when compared to the ponds that still contained fish. Furthermore, An. gambiae s.l. was proportionally more abundant in the abandoned ponds when compared to the other mosquito types. Surprisingly, vegetation did not significantly affect mosquito distribution. Following our study, demand for fish to restock abandoned ponds increased by 67% when compared to the previous year. The overwhelming majority of fish being farmed in our census area were fish of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Testing Trade-Offs in Dispersal and Competition in a Guild of Semi-Aquatic Backswimmers
    Testing Trade-Offs in Dispersal and Competition in a Guild of Semi-Aquatic Backswimmers by Ilia Maria C. Ferzoco A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright 2019 by Ilia Maria C. Ferzoco Testing Trade-Offs in Dispersal and Competition in a Guild of Semi-Aquatic Backswimmers Ilia Maria C. Ferzoco Master of Science Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2019 Abstract Theory has proposed that a trade-off causing negative covariance in competitive and colonization abilities (the competition-colonization trade-off) is an important mechanism enabling coexistence of species across local and regional scales. However, empirical tests of this trade-off are limited, especially in naturalistic conditions with active dispersers; organisms capable of making their own movement decisions. I tested the competition-colonization trade-off in two co-occurring flight-capable semi-aquatic insect backswimmers (Notonecta undulata and Notonecta irrorata). Using field mesocosm experiments and laboratory experiments, I measured components of dispersal and competition to determine if and how the competition-colonization trade-off enables coexistence in this system. This thesis reveals that backswimmer species exhibited clear differences in dispersal behaviour and yet competition proved to be multi-faceted and context-dependent. This work suggests that in active dispersers, there is a great deal of complexity in competition and dispersal. Future studies of the competition-colonization trade-off in naturalistic communities should incorporate these complexities. ii Acknowledgments Thank you to my supervisor, Dr. Shannon McCauley, for her support, encouragement, and guidance throughout my studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Hundreds of Species of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Live in Illinois In
    Illinois A B aquatic sowbug Asellus sp. Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella AAqquuaattiicc mayfly A. adult Hexagenia sp.; B. nymph Isonychia sp. MMaaccrrooiinnvveerrtteebbrraatteess Photographs © Michael R. Jeffords northern clearwater crayfish Orconectes propinquus Photograph © Michael R. Jeffords ruby spot damselfly Hetaerina americana Photograph © Michael R. Jeffords aquatic snail Pleurocera acutum Photograph © Jochen Gerber,The Field Museum of Natural History predaceous diving beetle Dytiscus circumcinctus Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella monkeyface mussel Quadrula metanevra common skimmer dragonfly - nymph Libellula sp. Photograph © Kevin S. Cummings Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella water scavenger beetle Hydrochara sp. Photograph © Steve J.Taylor devil crayfish Cambarus diogenes A B Photograph © ChristopherTaylor dobsonfly Corydalus sp. A. larva; B. adult Photographs © Michael R. Jeffords common darner dragonfly - nymph Aeshna sp. Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella giant water bug Belostoma lutarium Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella aquatic worm Slavina appendiculata Photograph © Mark J. Wetzel water boatman Trichocorixa calva Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella aquatic mite Order Prostigmata Photograph © Michael R. Jeffords backswimmer Notonecta irrorata Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella leech - adult and young Class Hirudinea pygmy backswimmer Neoplea striola mosquito - larva Toxorhynchites sp. fishing spider Dolomedes sp. Photograph © William N. Roston Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella Photograph © Michael R. Jeffords Photograph © Paul P.Tinerella Species List Species are not shown in proportion to actual size. undreds of species of aquatic macroinvertebrates live in Illinois in a Kingdom Animalia Hvariety of habitats. Some of the habitats have flowing water while Phylum Annelida Class Clitellata Family Naididae aquatic worm Slavina appendiculata This poster was made possible by: others contain still water. In order to survive in water, these organisms Class Hirudinea leech must be able to breathe, find food, protect themselves, move and reproduce.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands. the Xerces
    Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands An Overview of Mosquito Control Practices, the Risks, Benefits, and Nontarget Impacts, and Recommendations on Effective Practices that Control Mosquitoes, Reduce Pesticide Use, and Protect Wetlands. Celeste Mazzacano and Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society FOR INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION Ecologically Sound Mosquito Management in Wetlands An Overview of Mosquito Control Practices, the Risks, Benefits, and Nontarget Impacts, and Recommendations on Effective Practices that Control Mosquitoes, Reduce Pesticide Use, and Protect Wetlands. Celeste Mazzacano Scott Hoffman Black The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Oregon • California • Minnesota • Michigan New Jersey • North Carolina www.xerces.org The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation is a nonprofit organization that protects wildlife through the conservation of invertebrates and their habitat. Established in 1971, the Society is at the forefront of invertebrate protection, harnessing the knowledge of scientists and the enthusiasm of citi- zens to implement conservation programs worldwide. The Society uses advocacy, education, and ap- plied research to promote invertebrate conservation. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation 628 NE Broadway, Suite 200, Portland, OR 97232 Tel (855) 232-6639 Fax (503) 233-6794 www.xerces.org Regional offices in California, Minnesota, Michigan, New Jersey, and North Carolina. © 2013 by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Acknowledgements Our thanks go to the photographers for allowing us to use their photos. Copyright of all photos re- mains with the photographers. In addition, we thank Jennifer Hopwood for reviewing the report. Editing and layout: Matthew Shepherd Funding for this report was provided by The New-Land Foundation, Meyer Memorial Trust, The Bul- litt Foundation, The Edward Gorey Charitable Trust, Cornell Douglas Foundation, Maki Foundation, and Xerces Society members.
    [Show full text]
  • Rodolfo Mei Pelinson
    Rodolfo Mei Pelinson Efeitos de processos locais e do isolamento espacial na estruturação de comunidades aquáticas: uma simulação da intensificação no uso da terra Effects of local processes and spatial isolation on freshwater community assembly: a simulation of land- use intensification São Paulo 2020 Rodolfo Mei Pelinson Efeitos de processos locais e do isolamento espacial na estruturação de comunidades aquáticas: uma simulação da intensificação no uso da terra Effects of local processes and spatial isolation on freshwater community assembly: a simulation of land- use intensification Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências, na Área de Ecologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luis Cesar Schiesari São Paulo 2020 Ficha Catalográfica Pelinson, Rodolfo Mei Efeitos de processos locais e isolamento espacial na estruturação de comunidades aquáticas : uma simulação da intensificação no uso da terra. Rodolfo Mei Pelinson ; orientador Luis Cesar Schiesari -- São Paulo, 2020. 151 f. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Ecologia. 1. Metacomunidade. 2. Agroquímicos. 3. Impactos da Aquacultura. 4. Impactos da Agricultura. 5. Cascatas Tróficas. I. Schiesari, Luis Cesar. II. Título. Bibliotecária responsável pela catalogação: Elisabete da Cruz Neves. CRB - 8/6228. Comissão Julgadora: Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Luis Schiesari Orientador(a) Dedicatória Dedico esta tese aos pais Ione e Nelson Agradecimentos Primeiro agradeço a todos que diretamente tornaram esse trabalho possível: o Ao meu orientador, Luis Schiesari. Não tenho dúvida alguma que a escolha de orientador que fiz foi acertada.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Semiochemicals That Mediate the Oviposition of Mosquitoes: a Possible Sustainable Tool for the Control and Monitoring of Culicidae
    ReviewReview of semiochemicals of semiochemicals that mediate the oviposition that mediate of mosquitoes: the a possible oviposition sustainable toolof mosquitoes: a 1 possible sustainable tool for the control and monitoring of Culicidae Mario A. Navarro-Silva1, Francisco A. Marques3 & Jonny E. Duque L1,2 1Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Veterinária, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Po-box 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba-PR, Brazil. [email protected], [email protected], 2Bolsista Prodoc/CAPES. 3Laboratório de Ecologia Química e Síntese de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Review of semiochemicals that mediate the oviposition of mosquitoes: a possible sustainable tool for the control and monitoring of Culicidae. The choice for suitable places for female mosquitoes to lay eggs is a key-factor for the survival of immature stages (eggs and larvae). This knowledge stands out in importance concerning the control of disease vectors. The selection of a place for oviposition requires a set of chemical, visual, olfactory and tactile cues that interact with the female before laying eggs, helping the localization of adequate sites for oviposition. The present paper presents a bibliographic revision on the main aspects of semiochemicals in regard to mosquitoes’ oviposition, aiding the comprehension of their mechanisms and estimation of their potential as a tool for the monitoring and control of the Culicidae. KEYWORDS. Attractancy; repellency; infochemical; mosquito control. RESUMO. Revisão dos semioquímicos que mediam a oviposição em mosquitos: uma possível ferramenta sustentável para o monitoramento e controle de Culicidae. A seleção de locais adequados pelas fêmeas de mosquitos para depositarem seus ovos é um fator chave para a sobrevivência de seus imaturos (ovos e larvas).
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Diversity, Ecological Health and Condition of Aquatic Assemblages at National Wildlife Refuges in Southern Indiana, USA
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4300 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4300 Taxonomic Paper Biological Diversity, Ecological Health and Condition of Aquatic Assemblages at National Wildlife Refuges in Southern Indiana, USA Thomas P. Simon†, Charles C. Morris‡, Joseph R. Robb§, William McCoy | † Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 46403, United States of America ‡ US National Park Service, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, IN 47468, United States of America § US Fish and Wildlife Service, Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge, Madison, IN 47250, United States of America | US Fish and Wildlife Service, Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge, Oakland City, IN 47660, United States of America Corresponding author: Thomas P. Simon ([email protected]) Academic editor: Benjamin Price Received: 08 Dec 2014 | Accepted: 09 Jan 2015 | Published: 12 Jan 2015 Citation: Simon T, Morris C, Robb J, McCoy W (2015) Biological Diversity, Ecological Health and Condition of Aquatic Assemblages at National Wildlife Refuges in Southern Indiana, USA. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4300. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4300 Abstract The National Wildlife Refuge system is a vital resource for the protection and conservation of biodiversity and biological integrity in the United States. Surveys were conducted to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fish, macroinvertebrate, and crayfish populations in two watersheds that encompass three refuges in southern Indiana. The Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge had the highest number of aquatic species with 355 macroinvertebrate taxa, six crayfish species, and 82 fish species, while the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge had 163 macroinvertebrate taxa, seven crayfish species, and 37 fish species. The Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge had the lowest diversity of macroinvertebrates with 96 taxa and six crayfish species, while possessing the second highest fish species richness with 51 species.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Is a Smaller Bodied [7] Backswimmer, It Is Very Common in Temporary Pools and Permanent Water Bodies
    International Journal of Mosquito Research 2019; 6(2): 46-50 ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 IJMR 2019; 6(2): 46-50 Role of the predator Anisops sardea (Hemiptera: © 2019 IJMR Received: 19-01-2019 Notonectidae) in control mosquito Culex pipiens Accepted: 22-02-2019 molestus (Diptera: Culicidae) population Naktl M Allo Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Naktl M Allo and Atallah F Mekhlif Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq Atallah F Mekhlif Abstract Department of Biology, College The presence of the predators can alter the prey niche in the community. We evaluated the influence of of Education for Pure Sciences, the predator, Anisops sardea on mosquito Culex pipiens molestus population by predation, and non- Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq consumptive effect by life-cycle prolongation in predator presence and residual kairomones. The predation depends on prey density, individual A. sardea predated 16.0-19.7 and 24.7-29.3 3rd larvae/ day at the densities 50 and 100 larvae / liter respectively, with clearance rate 0.19 and 1.1 for those densities. The predatory impact along four days within 8 hours daytime ranged between 0.98-1.20. The non-contact presence of the predator folded the larval stadium from 11.9 in contract to 23.7 days while it increased to 16.0 days at residual kiromone, the pupal stadium in control 5.8 days, then increased to 7.8 days in the two treatments. Thus, release of notonectid A. sardea will effectively control C. pipiens molestus by predation and besides decrease number of generations through immature stages extension.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Des Punaises Du Québec Et Des Régions Adjacentes (Hemiptera : Heteroptera)
    ENTOMOFAUNE DU QUÉBEC LISTE DES PUNAISES DU QUÉBEC ET DES RÉGIONS ADJACENTES (HEMIPTERA : HETEROPTERA) Jean-François Roch DOCUMENT FAUNIQUE no 27 Version 2,3 JUIN 2020 Entomofaune du Québec 2. Photo de la page frontispice Punaise terne Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.) par Lina Breton. Arsenault, J. & L. Breton. 2003. Insectes et maladies des peupliers dans les pépinières forestières. Ministère des Ressources naturelles, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la conservation des forêts, Gouvernement du Québec. 38 p. Entomofaune du Québec inc. 637-108 boulevard Talbot Saguenay, Québec G7H 6A4 (418) 545-5011, poste 2461 (418) 545-5012 Adrélec : [email protected] Site sur la Toile : http://entomofaune.qc.ca/ DOCUMENT FAUNIQUE no 27 Version 2,3 JUIN 2020 HÉMIPTÈRES - HÉTÉROPTÈRES 3. INTRODUCTION Ce document présente une liste des punaises trouvées dans le territoire du Québec et ses régions adjacentes. Elle résulte d’une revue de la littérature entomologique, d’un inventaire de collections appartenant à des organismes publics et à des entomologistes et d’une recherche sur internet. Provancher fut le premier à publier, de 1885 à 1890, un ouvrage d’identification des punaises pour le Canada, mais il donne très peu d’information sur la répartition des espèces. Uhler (1917) cite 163 espèces pour la province et 286 autres dans les régions adjacentes. Fournier (1950) mentionne que Moore (1950) catalogua 560 espèces et variétées. Hutchinson (1979), en se basant seulement sur la littérature entomologique, produisit une liste préliminaire de 101 punaises aquatiques et subaquatiques du Québec, mais cette liste comporte de nombreuses erreurs. Larochelle (1984) publia un important ouvrage d’identification sur les punaises terrestres du Québec, rapportant 488 espèces; en outre, il annexe une liste de 283 espèces et sous-espèces pouvant se rencontrer dans la province.
    [Show full text]
  • R. L. Meagher, Jr.R and J. C. Kgaspi 2 Texas A&M University Agricultural
    S O U T IIW E S T E R N E N T O M O L O G IS T N IA R .2003 M ttIIN ‐F IE L D D IST R IB U T IO N O F T H R E E H O M O PT E R A N SP E C ttS IN T E X A S SU G A R C A N E R. L. Meagher,Jr.r andJ. C. kgaspi 2 TexasA&M University Agricultural Researchand ExtensionCenter 2415EastHighway 83 Weslaco,Texas 78596 ABSTRACT Sugarcanefields composed ofeither'CP 70-321'or'NCo 310'weresampled during 1993 and 1994 for three speciesofhomopteran insects. The West Indian canefly, Saccharosydne saccharivora(tlestwood), wasthe mostabundant speiies collectedwith densitiesreaching over 40 per shoot. Populationdensities varied sigrificantly throughoutthe seasonin 1993but were similar in 1994. No differencein densitieswere found between sugarcane cultivars. Both the sugarcanedelphacid, Perhinsiella saccharicidaKirkaldyand the leafhopperDraeculacephala portola Ball, were found in low numbers(< 1.0per shoot). P. saccharicidareached its highest levelslater in the season,and 'CP 70-321'shoots harbored more individuals than 'NCo 310' shoots.Although D. portola dertsitieswere low, differe,ncesamong fields andbetwecn cultivars were found. Aggregation,as measuredusing Taylor a and b coefficients, was shown to be greaterfor ,S.saccharivora than the other species. INTRODUCTION Sugarcane(interspecific hybrids of Saccharum)has been commercially grown in a tlree- county areaof southemTexas since 1972. Stemboringpyralids, Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), andsugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis(F.), havebeen the most seriousinsect pests of the in{ustry (Meagher et al. 1994); however, other insects are active in the Texas sugarcaneagroecos)Nstem.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul P. Tinerella
    University of Illinois Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability William Shilts, Executive Director ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY Brian D. Anderson, Director 1816 South Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 217-333-6830 INVENTORY OF AQUATIC TRUE BUGS (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA: NEPOMORPHA, GERROMORPHA, LEPTOPODOMORPHA) OF THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, NORTH CAROLINA AND TENNESSEE, USA Paul P. Tinerella Prepared for: DISCOVER LIFE IN AMERICA, INC. Grant / Project Number: DLIA2008-15 INHS Technical Report 2009 (22) Date of issue: 14 August 2009 COVER PAGE FOR FINAL REPORT TO DISCOVER LIFE IN AMERICA, INC. (Submit electronically with text of Final Report to [email protected]) PROPOSAL # DLIA2008-15 STARTING date: 1 April 2008 ENDING date: 1 March 2009 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR (PI): Dr. Paul P. Tinerella PI DEPARTMENT: Illinois Natural History Survey PI ORGANIZATION: University of Illinois POSTAL ADDRESS: 1816 S Oak Street Champaign, IL 61820 PI ELECTRONIC MAIL: [email protected] PI TELEPHONE: 217-244-2149 PI FAX: 217-333-4949 TITLE of Project: INVENTORY OF AQUATIC TRUE BUGS (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA: NEPOMORPHA, GERROMORPHA, LEPTOPODOMORPHA) OF THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, NORTH CAROLINA AND TENNESSEE, USA GRANT AMOUNT: $4946.00 SUMMARY of Activities and Results (200 words; Lay Language): Research was conducted to document water bug (Insecta: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha) diversity of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Prior to this research, no water bug survey existed for GSMNP, with 13 total species historically recorded from the Park. One collecting trip of seven days (2-8 August 2008) was conducted in GSMNP, wherein 42 localities (lentic and lotic habitats) were sampled throughout the Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Differences of Invasive Container-Dwelling Mosquitoes to a Native Predator
    BEHAVIOR,CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Behavioral Differences of Invasive Container-Dwelling Mosquitoes to a Native Predator 1 BANUGOPAN KESAVARAJU, DAANISH F. KHAN, AND RANDY GAUGLER Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 J. Med. Entomol. 48(3): 526Ð532 (2011); DOI: 10.1603/ME10200 ABSTRACT Aquatic prey show behavioral modiÞcations in the presence of predation-risk cues that alleviate their risk from predation. Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes japonicus (Theobald), and Culex pipiens L. are invasive mosquitoes in North America, and their larvae are prey for the native mosquito predator, Toxorhynchites rutilus (Coquillett). Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus are recent invaders, whereas Cx. pipiens has been in the United States for Ͼ100 yr. In the presence of predation-risk cues from Tx. rutilus larvae, Cx. pipiens larvae increased the time spent resting at the surface (least risky behavior) more than the other prey species. Ae. japonicus larvae increased resting at the surface of the containers more than Ae. albopictus larvae in the presence of predation-risk cues. Cx. pipiens larvae spent more time motionless at the surface even in the absence of predation-risk cues when compared with the other species, indicating that Cx. pipiens larvae are the least vulnerable prey. As compared with the other prey species, Ae. albopictus larvae exhibited more high-risk behaviors both in the presence and absence of predation-risk cues, indicating that they are the most vulnerable prey. Ae. albopictus is the superior competitor; however, predation by Tx. rutilus larvae may prevent competitive exclusion by Ae. albopictus and promote coexistence among the three prey species.
    [Show full text]