Rodan Le Strade Romane
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Mix of Meanings in the Catacombs
The Significance of the Mix of Pagan and Christian Subject Matter in the via Latina Catacombs The via Latina Catacombs in Rome contain wall paintings whose subject matter ranges widely between scriptural, non-scriptural, professional and personal portrayals and icons. As an index of cultural shift in pre-Constantinian Rome, the funerary art in the catacombs provides a way of understanding how pagan religious icons became appropriated and reloaded with Christian significations. Whereas the society above ground remained faithful to the second commandment’s injunction against the production of graven images, the artwork on the walls below show a prolific and unfettered quoting of biblical metaphors cast amidst pagan forms that help to set the stage for shaping the new paradigm of Christian art. In the arcosolium of cubiculum E birds dominate the front-facing panel. Their outlines fill out and gently taper downward, draping around the arch opening. The peacocks reveal luxuriously drawn tail feathers as they sit on either side of a large vase overflowing with flowers. For pagans, birds represented the human soul, which would rise toward the heavens at the end of its earthly tenure. Peacocks bestriding the vase would have signified comfort, sustenance and repose, which, in turn would point to how the deceased would be treated in this place going forward. Christians families burying their dead had up to that point a relatively restricted iconographic palette from which to draw their funerary art. In this new conception they would see in the peacocks a correlate to the dove of peace, the symbol of Christ. -
Wanderings in the Roman Campagna (London 1909), 306-331
Extract from Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani, Wanderings in the Roman campagna (London 1909), 306-331. 306 WANDERINGS IN THE ROMAN CAMPAGNA He owned three estates, — one at Como, one at Citta di Castello, one on the coast of Laurentum, which he describes with loving care in letter xvii of the second book. Archaeologists have transformed Pliny's den at Laurentum into an immense structure fit for an emperor or for a financial magnate. Canina, for instance, assigns to it a frontage of 250 feet, a depth of 156, and a total area, outbuildings included, of 550,000 square feet;1 and yet Pliny himself speaks of his Laurentinum as being of no importance whatever.2 "Hail," he says, "has ruined the crop in my farm at Tifernum Tiberinum [Citta di Castello]. From my tenants at Como I hear of better prospects, but of low market prices. My Laurentinum alone seems to be right, but what do I own there? A cottage and a garden surrounded by sands!" I am, I believe, the only living archaeologist who can claim the privilege of having entered Pliny's house and walked over its floors and beheld its aspect, during the excavations made in 1906 to gather materials for the macadamizing of a new royal road. There cannot be any uncertainty about its site. Pliny himself points it out, with due precision, when he writes: "I can get the necessaries of life from the nearest village, from which I am separated by only one villa." The village, called the Vicus Augustanus Laurentum, was discovered by King Victor Emmanuel in 1874, and its Forum and its Curia are still traceable through the undergrowth. -
The Burial of the Urban Poor in Italy in the Late Republic and Early Empire
Death, disposal and the destitute: The burial of the urban poor in Italy in the late Republic and early Empire Emma-Jayne Graham Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology University of Sheffield December 2004 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk The following have been excluded from this digital copy at the request of the university: Fig 12 on page 24 Fig 16 on page 61 Fig 24 on page 162 Fig 25 on page 163 Fig 26 on page 164 Fig 28 on page 168 Fig 30on page 170 Fig 31 on page 173 Abstract Recent studies of Roman funerary practices have demonstrated that these activities were a vital component of urban social and religious processes. These investigations have, however, largely privileged the importance of these activities to the upper levels of society. Attempts to examine the responses of the lower classes to death, and its consequent demands for disposal and commemoration, have focused on the activities of freedmen and slaves anxious to establish or maintain their social position. The free poor, living on the edge of subsistence, are often disregarded and believed to have been unceremoniously discarded within anonymous mass graves (puticuli) such as those discovered at Rome by Lanciani in the late nineteenth century. This thesis re-examines the archaeological and historical evidence for the funerary practices of the urban poor in Italy within their appropriate social, legal and religious context. The thesis attempts to demonstrate that the desire for commemoration and the need to provide legitimate burial were strong at all social levels and linked to several factors common to all social strata. -
Roma Subterranea
Roma Subterranea The Catacombs of Late Antique Rome | Marenka Timmermans 0 Illustration front page: After http://www.livescience.com/16318-photos-early-christian-rome-catacombs-artifacts.html 1 Roma Subterranea The Catacombs of Late Antique Rome Marenka Timmermans S0837865 Prof. dr. Sojc Classical Archaeology Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden, June 15th, 2012 2 Marenka Timmermans Hogewoerd 141 2311 HK Leiden [email protected] +316-44420389 3 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Research goal, methodology and research questions 5 Chapter 2. The origins and further development of the catacombs 7 2.1 Chapter summary 10 Chapter 3. Research performed in the catacombs up to the late 20th century 11 3.1 The 'rediscovery' 11 3.2 Early Catacomb Archaeology 13 3.2.1 Antonio Bosio 13 3.2.2 Giovanni di Rossi 14 3.3 Archaeological research in the late 19th and up to the late 20th century 17 3.4 Chapter conclusion 18 Chapter 4. Modern catacomb research 21 4.1 Demography 21 4.2 Science-based Archaeology 23 4.2.1 Stable isotope analysis 23 4.2.2 Radiocarbon dating 25 4.3 Physical Anthropology 26 4.4 Other sciences in and around the catacombs 27 4.5 Chapter Conclusion 28 Chapter 5. Discussion 31 Chapter 6. Conclusion 37 Summary 39 Samenvatting 41 Bibliography 43 List of Figures 49 List of Tables 51 Appendix I 53 Appendix II 57 3 4 Chapter 1. Introduction The subject of this BA-thesis is the catacombs of Late Antique Rome. The catacombs are formed by large subterranean complexes, consisting of extensive galleries. -
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways. -
Historische Landschaften Italiens Wanderungen Zwischen Venedig Und Syrakus 2018
Unverkäufliche Leseprobe Arnold Esch Historische Landschaften Italiens Wanderungen zwischen Venedig und Syrakus 2018. 368 S., mit 60 Abbildungen ISBN 978-3-406-72765-4 Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier: https://www.chbeck.de/24089183 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Arnold Esch HISTORISCHE LANDSCHAFTEN ITALIENS Arnold Esch HISTORISCHE LANDSCHAFTEN ITALIENS Wanderungen zwischen Venedig und Syrakus C.H.Beck Mit 60 Abbildungen © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München 2018 Umschlagabbildung: Alessio Baldovinetti, Geburt Christi (1460–62), Ausschnitt. Florenz, SS. Annunziata, Chiostrino Umschlaggestaltung: Rothfos & Gabler, Hamburg Satz: Fotosatz Amann, Memmingen Druck und Bindung: CPI – Ebner & Spiegel, Ulm Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier (hergestellt aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff) Printed in Germany ISBN 978 3 406 72565 4 www.chbeck.de Inhaltsverzeichnis Einführung . 9 landschaft in ihrer zeit I. Wie Ruinenlandschaft entsteht. Die letzten Bewohner von Ostia . 13 II. Landschaft des frühen Mittelalters. Zwischen den alten Landkirchen des südlichen Umbrien . 39 III. Venedig vor Venedig. Ein Streifzug durch die Lagunenlandschaft Venetiens . 56 IV. Die Stadtlandschaft des mittelalterlichen Rom. Wandel und Auflösung des Siedlungsgewebes innerhalb der antiken Stadtmauern . 80 V. Fremde Landschaft und vertraute Landschaft in Reiseberichten des späten Mittelalters . 96 VI. Landschaft der Frührenaissance. Auf Ausflug mit Pius II. 110 VII. Zur Identifizierung gemalter italienischer Landschaft des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts . 128 VIII. Italien-Wahrnehmung im 19. Jahrhundert. Ferdinand Gregorovius, Wanderjahre in Italien . 151 IX. Landschaft und Zeitgeschichte. Die ‹Thermopylen Italiens› in literarischer und militärischer Wahrnehmung . 170 landschaften italiens X. Auf der Via Francigena von Lucca zum Arno . 185 XI. Im oberen Tibertal. Kulturlandschaft zwischen Toskana, Umbrien, Marken, Romagna . 204 XII. Die Sibylle, Tannhäuser und Pilatus. -
Regione Negozio Indirizzo Magazzino Abruzzo SCURCOLA MARSICANA
PUNTI VENDITA ADERENTI AL SERVIZIO PAGA ONLINE E RITIRA IN MAGAZZINO Regione Negozio Indirizzo Magazzino Abruzzo SCURCOLA MARSICANA Via Tiburtina Valeria, km 111, snc, 67068, Scurcola Marsicana, L'Aquila Abruzzo LANCIANO Via Santo Spirito, 119, 66034, Lanciano, Chieti Abruzzo SAN GIOVANNI TEATINO Via Po, 1, 66020, San Giovanni Teatino, Chieti Abruzzo SILVI MARINA S.S. 16 Km 432, snc 64028 Silvi Marina Basilicata POTENZA FISICA via della Fisica, 24 85100 Potenza Basilicata MATERA Venusio, snc 75100 Matera Matera Basilicata POTENZA TECNICA via della Tecnica, 1 85100 Potenza Basilicata MELFI Contrada Piano Della Giostra, snc 85025 Melfi (PT) Calabria LAMEZIA SS 280 dei Due Mari, Feroleto Antico (CZ) Campania AVELLINO VIA APPIA 124 83042 ATRIPALDA (AV) Emilia Romagna LUGO via piratello angolo via Brignani, snc Emilia Romagna FAENZA via della costituzione 28 Emilia Romagna PARMA EUROSIA Via Traversetolo, snc Emilia Romagna FORLI PUNTA DI FERRO piazza della cooperazione 2 Emilia Romagna CESENA Via Leopoldo Lucchi, snc Emilia Romagna BOLOGNA BORGO Via M. E. Lepido, 186 Emilia Romagna RIMINI Via Macanno, snc Emilia Romagna FORLI MEGA VIA PORTA COTOGNI 18 Emilia Romagna MISANO ADRIATICO S.S. 16 Adriatica, 161/A Emilia Romagna RAVENNA Via Marco Bussato, 86 Emilia Romagna BOLOGNA CASALECCHIO Via Aldo Moro, 50 Emilia Romagna BOLOGNA NAVILE Via Cristoforo Colombo, 7/30 Emilia Romagna PARMA TORRI via San Leonardo 69/A Emilia Romagna CASTEL MAGGIORE Via Pio la Torre, 8 (Centro .C Emilia Romagna CENTO LOVES Via Matteo Loves,11 Emilia Romagna COMACCHIO Via Valle Isola, 9, Emilia Romagna MIRANDOLA V.le Agnini,65 (adiacente C.C. Emilia Romagna RIMINI MALATESTA Via Emilia, 150 (Centro Comm. -
C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts Of
Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. Evans http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17141, The University of Michigan Press C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts of Ancient Rome o the distinguished Giovanni Lucio of Trau, Raffaello Fabretti, son of T Gaspare, of Urbino, sends greetings. 1. introduction Thanks to your interest in my behalf, the things I wrote to you earlier about the aqueducts I observed around the Anio River do not at all dis- please me. You have in›uenced my diligence by your expressions of praise, both in your own name and in the names of your most learned friends (whom you also have in very large number). As a result, I feel that I am much more eager to pursue the investigation set forth on this subject; I would already have completed it had the abundance of waters from heaven not shown itself opposed to my own watery task. But you should not think that I have been completely idle: indeed, although I was not able to approach for a second time the sources of the Marcia and Claudia, at some distance from me, and not able therefore to follow up my ideas by surer rea- soning, not uselessly, perhaps, will I show you that I have been engaged in the more immediate neighborhood of that aqueduct introduced by Pope Sixtus and called the Acqua Felice from his own name before his ponti‹- 19 Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. -
Catacombs of Rome
Catacombs of Rome The Catacombs of Rome (Italian: Catacombe di Roma) are ancient catacombs, underground burial places under Rome, Italy, of which there are at least forty, some discovered only in recent decades. Though most famous for Christian burials, either in separate catacombs or mixed together, people of all the Roman religions are buried in them, beginning in the 2nd century AD,[1] mainly as a response to overcrowding and shortage of land. The Etruscans, like many other European peoples, used to bury their dead in underground chambers. The original Roman custom was cremation, after which the burnt remains were kept in a pot, ash-chest or urn, often in a columbarium. From about the 2nd century AD, inhumation (burial of unburnt remains) became more fashionable, in graves or sarcophagi, often elaborately carved, for those who could afford them. Christians also preferred burial to cremation because of their belief in bodily resurrection at the Second Coming. The Park of the Caffarella and Colli Albani (Rome Metro) are nearby. The Christian catacombs are extremely important for the art history of Early Christian art, as they contain the great majority of examples from before about 400 AD, in fresco and sculpture, as well as gold glass medallions (these, like most bodies, have been removed). The Jewish catacombs are similarly important for the study of Jewish culture at this period. A number of dubious relics of A Procession in the Catacomb of catacomb saints were promoted after the rediscovery of the catacombs. Callixtus, 1905 by Alberto -
Archivio Di Edoardo Martinori
Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Archivio di Edoardo Martinori Inventario a cura di Paola Cagiano de Azevedo Roma 2015 Bibliografia di Martinori - Sulle Montagne Rocciose. Viaggio in ferrovia, settembre 1987 , Tip. Sciolla, Roma, 1888 (ristampa: Kessinger Legacy Reprints, 2010 - Escursioni in Palestina , Torino, Club Alpino Italiano, 1891 - La zecca papale di Ponte della Sorga. Contado Venesino , Milano, L.F. Cogliati, 1907 - A proposito di un obolo inedito di Giovanni XXII , Milano, Cart. E Lito-Tip. C. Crespi, 1908 - Della moneta paparina del Patrimonio di S. Pietro in Tuscia e delle zecche di Viterbo e Montefiascone , Milano, Tip. ed. L. F. Cogliati, 1910 - La Moneta. Vocabolario Generale , con 1600 fotoincisioni nel testo, 140 tavole e 3 indici, 1915 - Annali della Zecca di Roma (in 24 fascicoli) 1. Serie del Senato Romano , 1930 2. Urbano V – Giovanni XXIII , 1917 3. Martino V – Eugenio IV , 1918 4. Nicolò V – Pio II , 1918 5. Paolo II , 1917 6. Sisto IV – Innocenzo VIII 1918 7. Alessandro VI – Giulio II 1918) 8. Leone X – Sedi vacanti 1523 , 1918 9. Clemente VII , 1917 10. Paolo III , 1917 11. Giulio III – Pio IV , 1918 12. Pio V – Gregorio XIII , 1918 13. Sisto V – Innocenzo IX , 1919 14. Clemente VIII – Paolo V , 1919 15. Sede vacante 1621 – Urbano VIII , 1919 16. Sede vacante 1644 – Clemente IX , 1919 17. Sede vacante 1669 – Innocenzo XI , 1920 18. Sede vacante 1689 – Innocenzo XII , 1920 19. Sede vacante 1700 – Clemente XII , 1921 20. Sede vacante 1740 – Pio VI , 1921 21. Sede vacante 1740 – Pio VI , 1921 22. Repubblica Romana – Occupazione Napoletana , 1921 23. Sede vacante 1800 – Repubblica Romana , 1922 24. -
La Via Appia
LA VIA APPIA Storia Alla fine del IV secolo a.C. Roma era padrona di gran parte della Penisola e una delle grandi potenze del Mediterraneo, solo pochi gruppi etnici, a sud delle Alpi, restavano da soggiogare. L'Urbe stessa stava cambiando il suo volto tradizionale assumendo quello di una capitale, ricca di opere pubbliche erette dai suoi generali vittoriosi. Il Foro, il Campidoglio, erano luoghi dove si ostentava la potenza crescente della città. Solo la nazione Sannita sfidava ancora l'egemonia di Roma da sud; da Paestum all'Apulia la Lega Sannitica minacciava di prendere Capua, non lontana dai confini del Lazio. La Via Appia nacque in questo contesto, come una via militare che consentiva di accelerare le comunicazioni coi confini meridionali del territorio conquistato. La strada fu poi estesa man mano che altri territori cadevano sotto il dominio di Roma. Appio Claudio Cieco, il console, fu colui che rese celebre la funzione di censore per le grandi imprese di interesse pubblico da lui realizzate, ma il suo nome fu reso famoso dalla Via Appia che gli sopravvisse. Nel 1993 la Via Appia compie 2305 anni, Appio fece tracciare la strada all'epoca delle guerre contro i Sanniti, nel 312 a.C., da Roma a Capua, per una distanza di 124 miglia romane. Appio impiegò anche i suoi capitali personali laddove le tesorerie dello stato erano insufficienti. Al primo posto fra tutte le strade di Roma c'era la Via Appia, a suo tempo la più lunga, la più bella, la più imponente via che fosse mai stata tracciata in alcuna parte del mondo, al punto che i romani la chiamarono "Regina di tutte le vie". -
Le Antiche Vie Pedonali Come Possibilità Di Valorizzazione Escursionistica Dei Territori
81,9(56,7$¶'(*/,678','(/3,(0217(25,(17$/( ³$0('(2$92*$'52´ )$&2/7$¶',6&,(1=(0)1 Corso di laurea in Scienze Ambientali e Gestione del Territorio TESI DI LAUREA LE ANTICHE VIE PEDONALI COME POSSIBILITÀ DI VALORIZZAZIONE ESCURSIONISTICA DEI TERRITORI Relatore: Prof.ssa Caterina RINAUDO Correlatore: Giuseppe SCAFARO Candidato: Stefano PROVERA Anno Accademico 2008/2009 Indice analitico Capitolo 1: Sentieri di ieri e di oggi 1.1: Il sentiero 5 1.2: Grandi vie escursionistiche europee 7 Capitolo 2: Classificazione dei sentieri in Italia 2.1: C.A.I. Club Alpino Italiano 13 2.2: F.I.E. Federazione Italiana Escursionismo 19 Capitolo 3: Attrezzature 3.1: G.P.S. Global Position System 20 3.1.1: 6LVWHPD*36HXURSHR³*DOLOHR´ 21 3.1.2: Utilizzo del GPS nel rilievo di sentieri 23 3.1.3: Il rilievo dei tracciati e dei punti notevoli della rete sentieristica regionale 24 3.1.4: Il rilievo delle tratte lineari 24 3.2: Abbigliamento 25 Capitolo 4: Lavoro sul campo 4.1: Rilievo del sentiero "Intorno al bric Castelvelli" 28 Capitolo 5: Le antiche vie 5.1: Le origini 34 5.2: Le vie del sale 35 5.2.1: Il passo del Turchino, principale via del sale 36 5.2.2: La via del sale lombarda 37 5.2.3: /¶2OWUHSR3DYHVHHOH7HUUH$OWH 37 5.3: Antiche vie militari 5.3.1: Le prime vie romane 39 5.3.2: Gli aspetti legislativi 43 5.3.3: Alcuni itinerari 46 2 5.4: Le vie di fede 52 5.4.1: Il cammino di Santiago di Compostela 55 5.4.2: I cammini verso Roma 63 5.4.3: La via Francigena 64 Capitolo 6 : Bibliografia 72 3 ´Uno speciale ringraziamento ad Annalisa Fiorentinoµ 4 CAPITOLO 1 SENTIERI DI IERI E DI OGGI 1.1 Il sentiero ³Il sentiero è una via stretta, a fondo naturale e tracciata dal frequente passaggio di uomini e animali, tra prati, boschi o rocce ed è normalmente presente sia in pianura, che collina o montagna.´ Camminare è un'attività praticabile da tutti, in qualunque stagione, a qualunque età, che non richiede costose attrezzature, che non inquina e non fa rumore.