DOCSLIB.ORG

Oviposition Behavior and Thermal Constants for Egg Development of the Filbertworm, Cydia Latiferreana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oviposition Behavior and Thermal Constants for Egg Development of the Filbertworm, Cydia Latiferreana AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Alice M. Kelly for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presented on April 30, 1987. Title: Oviposition Behavior and Thermal Constants for Egg Development of the Filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: M. T. AliNiazee' Cydia latiferreana Wlshm. is recognizedas the key insect pest of cultivated filbert (hazelnut) inOregon. The purpose of this studywas to obtain information on mating and oviposition behavior of theadult insect, to calculate the lower temperature threshold anddegree-days required for egg development, and to developan ovipositional model basedon the information derived in this study. Field studies showed significant differencesbetween the number of eggs depositedon the foliage of filbert varieties Daviana and Barcelona. Data showed that Daviana trees were preferred for ovipositionover Barcelona. On both varieties, significantly greater numbers ofeggs were deposited on leaves located within 15cm. of a nut or nut cluster than on those located farther than 15cm. No significant differences were found between numbers ofeggs collected from two canopy heights. Oviposition was observed in the field at dusk, and mating was observed at night. The role of climatic conditions, particularly temperature, and time of dayas major influences on initiation and frequency of oviposition was discussed. Laboratory studies using field-collected eggs indicated that ca. 77.8 degree-daysare required for egg hatch above a threshold of 10.3° C. Oviposition Behavior and Thermal Constants for Egg Development of the Filbertworm Cydia latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by Alice M. Kelly A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science Completed April 30, 1987 Commencement June 1987 APPROVED: Redacted for privacy Professor of Entomology in charge of major Redacted for privacy liekd of ,epartment of,r4mology Redacted for privacy Dean of G ate Schll Date thesis is presented April 30, 1987 Typed by A. Kelly for Alice M. Kelly ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation tomy major professor, Dr. AliNiazee, for his support andpatience during this project; and to theOregon Filbert Commission for providing the funds for research. In addition, my committee members, Drs. Maxine Thompsonand Jeff Miller, supplied helpful advice. Many thanks to Dr. Ali's research assistants,Steve Booth and Mark Shelton; and to fellowgraduate students for moral support and inspiration, namelyLarry Gut, Steve Stark, and Diane Henneberger. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 METHODS AND MATERIALS 10 OVIPOSITION STUDIES 11 Egg Distribution Sampling 11 Phenology 13 Oviposition Behavior 13 Greenhouse Studies 14 EGG DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 15 Low Temperature Threshold for Egg Development 16 Degree-Days for Egg Development 17 Development of an Oviposition Model 17 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 19 OVIPOSITION STUDIES 19 Egg Distribution on Varieties 19 Egg Distribution Within a Tree 25 Egg Distribution in Relation to Nuts 28 Phenology of Oviposition 35 Observation of Mating and Oviposition 39 Greenhouse Studies 42 Factors Affecting Oviposition 43 EGG DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 48 Lower Temperature Threshold 48 Degree-Days Required for Egg Development 50 A Model for Oviposition and Egg Hatch 52 SUMMARY 58 LITERATURE CITED 60 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Abundance of filbertworm eggs on foliage 21 of two varieties of filberts 2. Abundance of filbertworm eggs at two 26 canopy heights: Daviana 3. Abundance of filbertworm eggs at two 27 canopy heights: Barcelona 4. Abundance of filbertworm eggs at two 29 distances from the nut cluster: Daviana 5. Abundance of filbertworm eggs at two 30 distances from the nut cluster: Barcelona 6. Scatterplot of number of filbertworm eggs 32 within 15 cm. of a nut cluster v.s. number of eggs farther than 15 cm. 7. Relation of 8 P.M. temperature to weekly 36 egg counts and light trap catches 8. Relation of 8 P.M. temperature to light 37 trap catch: average of previous evening temperature v.s. average number of moths per day 9. Observations of oviposition and mating of 41 filbertworm on two dates 10. Scheme showing major behavioral components 46 of oviposition behavior of M. sexta adult 11. Effect of temperature on filbertworm egg 51 development at four constant temperatures in laboratory 12. A functional model of filbertworm emergence, 56 oviposition, and egg hatch LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Oviposition of C. latiferreana on filbert 20 nut and husk 2. Number of days to C. latiferreana egg 49 hatch at four constant temperatures in the laboratory OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AND THERMAL CONSTANTS FOR EGG DEVELOPMENT OF THE FILBERTWORM, CYDIA LATIFERREANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) INTRODUCTION The filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) has beena serious pest of filbert (hazelnut), Corvlus avellana L., in the Pacific Northwest for more than fifty years (AliNiazee and Kelly, 1981). This insect causes direct damage to the nut kernel, and in unsprayed orchards, crop loss has averaged 20% (AliNiazee, 1983a). However, in commercial orchards which apply insecticide on a preventive basis, thecrop loss is generally less than 1.0%. The sprays applied for control of this insect generally cause the disruption of biological control of other pests, including the filbert aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goetze), and the filbert leafroller, Archips rosanus L. Consequently, reduction of sprays applied to control the filbertworm by improved monitoring of pest emergence and density is essential for an efficient filbert pest management program. There are currently two methods for deciding the time to apply control measures for filbertworm. The traditional calendar method involves the application of twocover sprays, the first occurring around July 4th, and the second 2 3 weeks later (AliNiazee, 1977). The second method involves the utilization of sex attractant traps to determine moth emergence and timing of sprays to coincide with emergence levels. Although the first method is usually effective, the advent of the filbertworm pheromone in the last five years makes it possible to monitor adult flight activity within an individual orchard witha high degree of accuracy (AliNiazee, 1983b). By using pheromone traps, spray decisions can be made based on knowledge of population emergence and density. In some orchards, by using the latter method, the total number ofsprays has been reduced (J. Calkin, pers. comm). In order for sprays or other control methods to be effective, they must coincide with theoccurrence of the vulnerable stage in the life cycle ofan insect species. This is particularly important in thecase of the filbertworm, because once the larva has penetrated thenut, it is so well protected that it is essentially impervious to any means of control, chemicalor biological. Consequently, the period of time between emergence of adults from overwintering sites and penetration of nuts by the neonate larvae is the only interval during which damage can be prevented. Unfortunately, relatively little information is available on adult mating and oviposition behavior, egg placement and hatch, larval movement, and nut penetration under field conditions. 3 The purpose of this study was to obtain informationon oviposition and egg development of C. latiferreanaunder field conditions, and to developan understanding of adult behavior during this critical period. In addition, the phenology of these events in the fieldwas studied. 4 LITERATURE REVIEW Cydia latiferreana was first described byLord Walsingham in 1879 from specimens collected inCalifornia and southern Oregon in 1871-1872 which henamed Carpocapsa latiferreana (Bacon, 1948; Brown, 1983). In 1881, Riley described Melissopus and differentiated Melissopusfrom Carpocapsa. In 1926, Heinrich also described this species in a revision of the North American Mothsof the Subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae(Heinrich, 1926). He divided the species intoseven varieties; variety A occurs in Oregon, Californiaand Washington, and is the variety which he called"the typical latiferreanus." The other varieties are from different localitiesin the U.S., the eastern form being varietyG. The latest taxonomic reclassification occurredwhen Brown (1983) examined thegenus Melissopus and synonymized it with Cvdia. He placed Cvdia in the subfamily Olethreutinae, tribe Grapholitini. Most members of this tribe, of which over 500 specieshave been described worldwide, feed on fruits and seeds, includingsuch pest species as C. pomonella (L.), codlingmoth; C. strobilella (L.), spruce seed moth; and C. molesta (Busck), oriental fruit moth (Roelofs and Brown, 1982). Brown considered C. latiferreana to be closely related to C.caryana (Fitch), hickory shuckworm, and C. candana (Forbes),based on 5 similarities in morphology, feeding behavior,allozymes, and pheromones. More than one species may be included in C. latiferreana, since intraspecific variation insize, color, and genitalia appears to begreater than in any other species of North American Olethreutinae(Brown, 1983). This indigenous species has beenreported on a wide variety of host plant material.The following hosts have been recorded: cultivated filbert,Corylus avellana L.; wild hazelnut, C. americanaand C. cornuta; acorns, Quercus spp.; galls formed by Andricus californicus (Basset)on the branches and twigs of Ouercusgarryana Dougi.; galls formed on the leaves of O. garryana by Cvnips maculipennis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WO 2017/023486 Al 9 February 2017 (09.02.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/023486 Al 9 February 2017 (09.02.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: 0552 (US). FENGLER, Kevin; 7250 NW 62nd Ave, P.O. AOlH l/00 (2006.01) C07K 14/195 (2006.01) Box 552, Johnston, IA 5013 1-0552 (US). SCHEPERS, A01H3/00 (2006.01) C12N 15/82 (2006.01) Eric; 7250 NW 62nd Ave, P.O. Box 552, Johnston, IA 5013 1-0552 (US). UDRANSZKY, Ingrid; 7250 NW 62nd (21) International Application Number: Ave, P.O. Box 552, Johnston, IA 5013 1-0552 (US). PCT/US20 16/04 1452 (74) Agent: BAUER, S., Christopher; Pioneer Hi-Bred Inter (22) International Filing Date: national, Inc., 7100 N.W. 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 8 July 2016 (08.07.2016) 5013 1-1014 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (30) Priority Data: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 62/201,977 6 August 2015 (06.08.2015) US DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (71) Applicants: PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, INC. [US/US]; PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, INC., 7100 N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Pheromone Mating Disruption of Filbertworm Moth (Cydia Latiferreana) in Commercial Hazelnut Orchards
    1 Pheromone mating disruption of filbertworm moth (Cydia latiferreana) in commercial hazelnut orchards By Christopher Hedstrom An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to Oregon State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Baccalaureate of Science in BioResource Research, Pest Biology and Management June 1, 2011 2 APPROVED: _________________________________ _______________ Vaughn Walton, Horticulture Date _________________________________ _______________ Shawn Mehlenbacher, Horticulture Date _________________________________ _______________ Katharine G. Field, BRR Director Date © Copyright by Christopher Hedstrom, June 1, 2011 All rights reserved I understand that my project will become part of the permanent collection of the Oregon State University Library, and will become part of the Scholars Archive collection for BioResource Research. My signature below authorizes release of my project and thesis to any reader upon request. _________________________________ _______________ Christopher Hedstrom Date 3 1 TITLE 2 Pheromone mating disruption of filbertworm moth (Cydia latiferreana) in 3 commercial hazelnut orchards 4 RUNNING TITLE 5 Pheromone mating disruption of filbertworm in hazelnut orchards 6 AUTHORS 7 Christopher S Hedstrom1, Ute Chambers2, Vaughn M Walton1 8 1Dept. of Horticulture, 4079 ALS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 9 97331. Phone: (541) 737-3913. [email protected], 10 [email protected] 11 2 Tree Fruit Research and Extension, Washington State University, Wenatchee, 12 WA 98002. [email protected] 13 ABSTRACT 14 BACKGROUND: Oregon produces 99% of the hazelnuts grown in the United 15 States. The key pest threatening commercial hazelnut orchards in Oregon is 16 Cydia latiferreana (Tortricidae), filbertworm moth (FBW). Currently, most growers 17 control FBW with one to two applications of esfenvalerate (Asana XL), a broad- 18 spectrum pyrethroid.
    [Show full text]
  • And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1
    Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1 Connell E. Dunning,2 Timothy D. Paine,3 and Richard A. Redak3 Abstract We determined the impact of insects on both acorns and seedlings of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. Greene). Our goals were to (1) identify insects feeding on acorns and levels of insect damage, and (2) measure performance and preference of a generalist leaf-feeding insect herbivore, the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes [Fabricus] Orthoptera: Acrididae), on both species of oak seedlings. Acorn collections and insect emergence traps under mature Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii revealed that 62 percent of all ground-collected acorns had some level of insect damage, with Q. engelmannii receiving significantly more damage. However, the amount of insect damage to individual acorns of both species was slight (<20 percent damage per acorn). Curculio occidentis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Valentinia glandulella Riley (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) were found feeding on both species of acorns. No-choice and choice seedling feeding trials were performed to determine grasshopper performance on the two species of oak seedlings. Quercus agrifolia seedlings and leaves received more damage than those of Q. engelmannii and provided a better diet, resulting in higher grasshopper biomass. Introduction The amount of oak habitat in many regions of North America is decreasing due to increased urban and agricultural development (Pavlik and others 1991). In addition, some oak species are exhibiting low natural regeneration. Although the status of Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Prescribed fire and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) associated cultural plant resources of the Karuk and Yurok Peoples of California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02r7x8r6 Author Halpern, Arielle Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Prescribed fire and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) associated cultural plant resources of the Karuk and Yurok Peoples of California by Arielle Anita Halpern A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Wayne P. Sousa, Co-Chair Professor Thomas J. Carlson, Co-Chair Professor Scott L. Stephens Frank K. Lake, Ph.D. Spring 2016 Abstract Prescribed fire and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) associated cultural plant resources of the Karuk and Yurok Peoples of California by Arielle Anita Halpern Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Wayne P. Sousa and Professor Thomas J. Carlson, Co-Chairs The targeted application of prescribed fire has long been used by Native Californian peoples to manage plant resources of cultural value. Their ability to employ this management tool has been increasingly restricted by local, state and federal agencies in response to recent drought conditions and the highly flammable state of most western U.S. forests, where, for decades, fires of any magnitude have been suppressed as a matter of policy. This diminished access to cultural prescribed fire has impacted tribal access to many of the plant resources and cultural activities upon which Karuk and Yurok cultures are based.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pathogens As Biological Control Agents: Back to the Future ⇑ L.A
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 132 (2015) 1–41 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jip Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future ⇑ L.A. Lacey a, , D. Grzywacz b, D.I. Shapiro-Ilan c, R. Frutos d, M. Brownbridge e, M.S. Goettel f a IP Consulting International, Yakima, WA, USA b Agriculture Health and Environment Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK c U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 21 Dunbar Rd., Byron, GA 31008, USA d University of Montpellier 2, UMR 5236 Centre d’Etudes des agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UM1-UM2-CNRS, 1919 Route de Mendes, Montpellier, France e Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Avenue North, Box 4000, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0, Canada f Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada1 article info abstract Article history: The development and use of entomopathogens as classical, conservation and augmentative biological Received 24 March 2015 control agents have included a number of successes and some setbacks in the past 15 years. In this forum Accepted 17 July 2015 paper we present current information on development, use and future directions of insect-specific Available online 27 July 2015 viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes as components of integrated pest management strategies for con- trol of arthropod pests of crops, forests, urban habitats, and insects of medical and veterinary importance. Keywords: Insect pathogenic viruses are a fruitful source of microbial control agents (MCAs), particularly for the con- Microbial control trol of lepidopteran pests.
    [Show full text]
  • On Garry Oak (Quercus Garryana) Acorn Germination on Vancouver Island
    The Effects of the Filbert Weevil (Curculio occidentis) and the Filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana) on Garry Oak (Quercus garryana) Acorn Germination on Vancouver Island. An undergraduate research project by Jennifer Waller Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree at Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, British Columbia April, 2006 ABSTRACT Garry oak trees (Quercus garryana) and their associated ecosystems are among the most diverse and endangered landscapes in B.C. Garry oak acorns are susceptible to two insect species, the Filbert weevil (Curculio occidentis) and the Filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the Filbert weevil and the Filbertworm on Garry oak acorn germination on Vancouver Island. In the fall of 2005 a total of 1,985 Garry oak acorns were collected from 8 locations: three sites in Victoria, two sites in Nanaimo, two sites in the Comox Valley, and from Hornby Island. The acorns were observed for species-specific insect exit-hole damage, planted in potting soil, labeled as either insect-damaged or undamaged, then watered and observed for germination until December. The acorns were then removed from their containers, inspected, and insect damage was recorded. Five of the 8 sites indicated a trend that undamaged acorns were more likely to germinate than insect-damaged acorns. For example, the highest percent germination was 99% of undamaged acorns and 84% of insect-damaged acorns at one site in Courtenay. The highest total insect abundance based on insect exit holes, was 1.3 insects per acorn at the other Courtenay site.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazelnut Pest and Beneficial Insects EM 8979-E • June 2009 an Identification Guide V
    Hazelnut Pest and Beneficial Insects EM 8979-E • June 2009 An identification guide V. Walton, U. Chambers, J. Olsen Nut-feeding pests FILBERTWORM Filbertworm Gold bands Filbert weevil Curculio occidentis Filbertworm Cydia latiferreana Filbert Adult weevils Adult Filbertworm larva has visible legs, is pale, and has a Knowledge of this pest is limited, worm shape. Filbert weevil larva is legless, a milky due to inconsistent damage and color, and has a grub shape. infestation patterns. Life stages Symptoms Frass Exit hole Larva (left) Filbertworm larva in winter cocoon. Larvae Trapping overwinter in organic matter such as debris and grass. (center) Adult filbertworm. Flights and damage occur • Pheromone traps for adults as early as late May and as late as harvest in October. • Four traps for first 10 acres, one trap for each additional 4 acres Possibly two generations per season. First trappings made in surrounding oaks. • Place traps in upper third of canopy by mid-June (right) Filbertworm pupa. • Check traps once a week until you detect pest activity; increase checks to twice a week until you apply pest controls. • Action thresholds—two to three moths per trap, or five moths in any Vaughn M. Walton, horticultural entomologist; one trap Ute Chambers, postdoctoral research scholar, Department of Horticulture; and Jeff Olsen, Extension horticulturist, Yamhill County; all of Oregon State University Pherocon VI trap Delta trap Foliage-feeding pests LEAFROLLERS Sampling Monitor weekly from late March to late May. Both species: • Larvae—three
    [Show full text]
  • California Fish and Game 100(1):7-8; 2014
    Winter 2014 1 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME “Conservation of Wild Life Through Education” Volume 100 Winter 2014 Number 1 Special Native Plant Issue Gilia tricolor, CDFW Photo by Jeb Bjerke Gilia tricolor, Forests, water power, and wild game are three of California’s greatest resources. They are ours to use but not to destroy. The United States Department of Agriculture says: “The free marketing of wild game leads swiftly to extermination.” —Yearbook, 1910, page 254 Published Quarterly by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE 2 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 100, No. 1 FRONTISPIECE.—The first issue ofCalifornia Fish and Game was published in October, 1914. Volume 1 consisted of a total of 5 issues, four of which were published in 1915. Publication has occurred on a quarterly basis beginning with volume 2 in 1916. Winter 2014 3 VOLUME 100 WINTER 2014 NUMBER 1 Published Quarterly by STATE OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE ISSN: 0008-1078 (print) ISSN: 2331-0405 (online) --LDA-- 4 CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME Vol. 100, No. 1 STATE OF CALIFORNIA Jerry Brown, Governor CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY John Laird, Secretary for Natural Resources FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Michael Sutton, President Jack Baylis, Vice President Jim Kellogg, Member Richard B. Rogers, Member Jacque Hostler-Carmesin, Member Sonke Mastrup, Executive Director DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Charlton “Chuck” Bonham, Director CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITORIAL STAFF Vern Bleich ........................................................................................Editor-in-Chief Debra Hamilton ............ Office of Communication, Education and Outreach -AVU Jeff Villepique, Steve Parmenter ........................................... Inland Deserts Region Scott Osborn, Laura Patterson, Levi Souza, Joel Trumbo ..............
    [Show full text]
  • (Diagnostic PCR) for the Identification of Lepidopteran Pests in Almonds and Pistachios
    Development of a Molecular Test (Diagnostic PCR) for the Identification of Lepidopteran pests in Almonds and Pistachios Rohith Vulchi, Masters Student, Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno 2415 E San Ramon Ave, M/S AS 72, Fresno, CA 93740. e. [email protected] Jacob A. Wenger, Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno 2415 E San Ramon Ave, Fresno, CA 93740; p. 559-278-7754; e. [email protected] Keywords: Almond, pistachio, diagnostic, lepidoptera, PCR Introduction The California almond and pistachio industries have a combined value of >$6.6 billion, and comprise an astounding 1.4 million acres of California crop land (CDFA, 2016). As acreage has increased insect pests of these crops have become increasingly problematic. A variety of lepidopterous pests in particular have been a consistant source of yield loss, with some pests damaging >20% of harvestable kernels if mismanaged. Key to making correct management decisions is the rapid and accurate identification of these moths at all lifestages. Common moths and later lifestages are often easily identified. However, each year orchard managers and scouts find less common moth pests attacking nut crops, including moth larvae in fresh or old nuts such as oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae), filbert worm (Cydia latiferreana), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), and raisin moth (Cadra figulilella). While these ‘other’ moth species are typically a non-issue for farm managers, outbreak populations can be found, and require quick identification to make proper management decisions. However, what is collected is typically an adult in a pheromone trap with few ‘scales’ remaining on the wings, which makes sight identification difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/105987 Al 22 June 2017 (22.06.2017) W P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/105987 Al 22 June 2017 (22.06.2017) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: Ave, Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (US). ORAL, C07K 14/21 (2006.01) C12R 1/38 (2006.01) Jarred Kenneth; 7250 Nw 62nd Ave, Po Box 552, John C12N 15/82 (2006.01) A01N 63/02 (2006.01) ston, Iowa 5013 1 (US). PEREZ-ORTEGA, Claudia; 7250 Nw 62nd Ave, Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (21) International Application Number: (US). ROSEN, Barbara Ann Marie; 7250 Nw 62nd Ave, PCT/US2016/06553 1 Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 501 3 1 (US). SCHELLEN- (22) International Filing Date: BERGER, Ute; 914 Moreno Avenue, Palo Alto, Califor 8 December 2016 (08.12.2016) nia 94303 (US). WEI, Jun-Zhi; 7250 Nw 62nd Ave, Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (US). XIE, Weiping; (25) Filing Language: English 7250 Nw 62nd Ave, Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (26) Publication Language: English (US). ZHONG, Xiaohong; 7250 Nw 62nd Ave, Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (US). ZHU, Genhai; 7250 Nw (30) Priority Data: 62nd Ave, Po Box 552, Johnston, Iowa 5013 1 (US). 62/269,482 18 December 201 5 (18. 12.2015) US (74) Agent: BAUER, S., Christopher; PIONEER HI-BRED (71) Applicants: PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL, INC., 7100 N.W. 62nd Avenue, P.O. INC. [US/US]; 7100 N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Red Oak Flower to Acorn Survival Increases Following Monthly Applications of Asana XL
    Northern Red Oak Flower to Acorn Survival Increases Following Monthly Applications of Asana XL L. R. Barber, D. T. Barrett, and C. K. Proffitt Abstract. Many insect pests attack northern red oak flowers, acornets, and acorns. Selected trees on the USDA Forest Service, Watauga Northern Red Oak Seed Orchard near Elizabethton, TN were treated monthly during the 1993 and 1994 growing season with Asana XL. At harvest in the fall of 1994, 34 percent of the 1993 flower crop survived to harvest on the Asana® XL treated trees, as compared to 18 percent on comparable unsprayed trees. Keywords: Northern red oak, Quercus rubra L.; filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham); acorn weevil, Curculio, Conotrachelus, Callirhytis spp., treehoppers, Platycotis vitata (F.); seed orchard, Asana® XL, esfenvalerate. Introduction Genetically superior pine seed orchards routinely produce improved seed to assist the timber industry in reforesting harvested land. Without the array of first and second generation orchards, reforestation would be based upon seedlings from seed trees or wild seed collections resulting in low genetic quality. Foresters are aware of the need for high quality, fast growing hardwood seedlings for reforestation but in most cases the seedlings that are available are of unknown origin. The Forest Service maintains and operates the 17 acre Watauga Northern Red Oak Seed Orchard near Elizabethton, TN. The orchard was planted in 1973 as a progeny test by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The study was thinned in 1987-8 to become a USDA Forest Service seed orchard on the Cherokee National Forest in 1984 and the first large seed crops were documented in 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Attraction of Acorn-Infesting Cydia Latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 21 Number 4 - Winter 1988 Number 4 - Winter Article 3 1988 December 1988 Attraction of Acorn-Infesting Cydia Latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps J. W. Peacock USDA Forest Service S. L. Wright USDA Forest Service J. R. Galford USDA Forest Service Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Peacock, J. W.; Wright, S. L.; and Galford, J. R. 1988. "Attraction of Acorn-Infesting Cydia Latiferreana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 21 (4) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol21/iss4/3 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Peacock et al.: Attraction of Acorn-Infesting <i>Cydia Latiferreana</i> (Lepidopt 1988 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 151 ATTRACTION OF ACORN-INFESTING CYDIA LATIFERREANA (LEPIDOPTERA:TORTRICIDAE) TO PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS1 2 2 J. W. Peacock , S. L. Wright and J. R. Galford2 ABSTRACT Males of acorn-infesting Cydia latiferreana are attracted to an equilibrium mixture of the four isomers of 8, I O-dodecadien-l-ol acetate, the virgin female-produced pheromone. Trap height relative to the height of trees in which traps are placed seems to be a significant factor influencing moth catches at attractant-baited traps. In an oak woodlot and in an oak nursery, catches of male moths were greater in traps placed near the upper periphery of the canopy than at traps deployed at lower levels in the tree.
    [Show full text]