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Sakhalin Koreans' Repatriation
The Long-Delayed Repatriation of the Sakhalin Koreans: Cold War Challenges and Resolution, 1945-1992 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts In History University of Regina By Sohee Yoo Regina, Saskatchewan July, 2019 Copyright 2019: S. Yoo UNIVERSITY OF REGINA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH SUPERVISORY AND EXAMINING COMMITTEE Sohee Yoo, candidate for the degree of Master of Arts in History, has presented a thesis titled, The Long-Delayed Repatriation of the Sakhalin Koreans: Cold War Challenges and Resolution, 1945-1992, in an oral examination held on July 10, 2019. The following committee members have found the thesis acceptable in form and content, and that the candidate demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject material. External Examiner: Dr. Dongyan Blachford, International Languages Supervisor: Dr. Philip Charrier, History Committee Member: Dr. Ian Germani, History* Committee Member: Dr. Robin Ganev, History Chair of Defense: Dr. Eldon Soifer, Department of Philosophy & Classics *Not present at defense i Abstract During World War II (WWII), tens of thousands of Koreans were forcibly mobilized to Karafuto (southern Sakhalin Island) to serve as labourers in Japan’s wartime economy. When the war ended in August 1945, the Soviet Union occupied the region and the Koreans ceased to be Japanese colonial subjects. While 99% of the Japanese in Karafuto were repatriated by April 1950, the Koreans became trapped in a Cold War standoff between the Soviet Union, North Korea, and South Korea that was not fully resolved until the 1990s. -
Pg. 03 Women Pg
The NATIONAL NeWSPAPeR Of The JACL Pg. 04 tamlyn tomita presents the 2012 v3 voice Award to Jocelyn Wang. Pg. 05 frances Kai-Hwa Wang on going to temple. MADPg. 03 WOMeN Pg. 06 HOW JeANNe KONisHi AND Her JACL board approves the 2013-14 budget. frieNDs reWrOte ADvertisiNg # 3196 / VOL. 155, NO. 5 ISSN: 0030-8579 WWW.PACIFICCITIZEN.ORG SEPT. 7 - 20, 2012 2 Sept. 7-20, 2012 LETTERS HOW to REACH US E-mail: [email protected] Letters To THE MISSING DOCUMENT FROM THE Online: www.pacificcitizen.org Tel: (213) 620-1767 ‘POWER OF WORDS’ HANDBOOK Fax: (213) 620-1768 The Editor Mail: 250 E. First Street, Suite 301 { { Los Angeles, CA 90012 In the Rafu Shimpo (July 17, 2012), Andy Noguchi, a leading member The question then arises: how many people in America since 1942 read STAFF of the Power of Words II Committee, gave an excellent report and review or even know of this exclusion order? Upon reading it the people will Executive Editor of the “Power of Words” handbook. The handbook was unanimously realize that this injustice did happen to us in this country and perhaps voted for and approved by the National JACL Council during the recent to resolve that it never again happen to any other people. A companion Assistant Editor national convention. question is then: how many Nikkei have read or even know of this his- Reporter I have read both drafts of the handbook and highly recommended that it toric document? Can one imagine back in April 1942 the Nisei reading Nalea J. -
Jeremy Lin's Strategic Appropriation of Black Masculinity
“I HAVEN’T DONE ANYTHING TO BE POLARIZING”: JEREMY LIN’S STRATEGIC APPROPRIATION OF BLACK MASCULINITY by Nicholas H. C. Wong Bachelor of Arts, University of Victoria, 2014 A thesis presented to Ryerson University and York University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the joint program of Communication and Culture Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2019 © Nicholas Heng Hua Churchill Wong, 2019 Author’s Declaration for Electronic Submission of a Thesis I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii “I HAVEN’T DONE ANYTHING TO BE POLARIZING”: JEREMY LIN’S STRATEGIC APPROPRIATION OF BLACK MASCULINITY Nicholas H. C. Wong Master of Arts in the joint program of Communication and Culture Ryerson University and York University, 2019 Abstract This thesis investigates the appropriation of Black masculinity by Asian American basketball player Jeremy Lin. Subjecting media coverage to a combination of content analysis and critical discourse analysis uncovers the presence of four appropriative themes of Asianness: (a) the supraethnic viability of Asianness; (b) the necessary defeat of Blackness; (c) the disallowance of anti-Asian sentiment; and (d) the presence of a helpful Black cohort. -
Recent Developments in Korean-Japanese Historical Reconciliation
1 of 14 Recent Developments in Korean-Japanese Historical Reconciliation [Japanese and Korean language texts available below] The Hankyoreh and William Underwood Following through on a pledge made in early 2010, the Japanese government in late March supplied the South Korean government with a list of 175,000 Koreans forced to work for private companies in Japan during World War Two. The long-sought records include details about the 278 million yen (about $3 million, unadjusted for interest or inflation) in wages the workers earned but never received. The funds reside in Japan’s national treasury today; the government has never indicated what it intends to do with the money. The data will enable authorities in Seoul to verify the forced labor experience of individuals listed in the records, and to finally compensate them under a South Korean program set up in 2007. South Korea took that step in response to domestic political pressure that began building in 2005, when the state made public all of its diplomatic records related to the 1965 Basic Treaty that normalized relations with Japan and provided South Korea with $800 million in grants and loans. Those records show that the Park Chung-hee administration rejected a Japanese proposal to directly compensate wartime workers, while claiming for itself the responsibility of distributing funds received from Japan to individual Koreans harmed by forced labor and other colonial injustices. In fact, nearly all the money went toward economic development and national infrastructure After decades of rebuffing requests for such projects instead. Courts in both nations have since information, Japan on March 26 provided concluded that the bilateral accord waived the right of South Korea with payroll records for South Korean citizens to press claims against the Korean labor conscripts whose wages are Japanese state and corporations. -
1 “Identity Through Difference”
1 “Identity through difference”: Liminal diasporism and generational change among the Koryo saram in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Matteo Fumagalli University of St Andrews1 Abstract The article is a case study of the Koryo saram, the ethnic Koreans living in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan, to reflect on how notions of diasporas, community and identity have changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It contends that the Koryo saram are best understood through the lenses of diasporic conditions rather than as bounded communities as such an approach allows for greater recognition of heterogeneity within such communities. While many Koryo saram continue to claim some form of Korean-ness, how they related to issues of homeland-orientation and boundary maintenance evidences internal variation and growing in-betweenness. The community’s hybridity (“hyphenization”) and liminality (“identity through difference”) stand out when examining generational differences and are especially evident among the local Korean youth. Keywords: Koryo saram; Korean diaspora; post-Soviet; Central Asia; Kyrgyzstan; liminality; generational change. 1 School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, Arts Building, The Scores, St Andrews KY16 9AX, United Kingdom, [email protected]. 2 “Identity through difference”: Liminal diasporism and generational change among the Koryo saram in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Introduction Deported by Stalin in 1937 and later widely regarded as “the model Soviet people” owing to their assimilation and integration in Russified Soviet society, the Soviet/post-Soviet Koreans have shown – over generations and space, through forcible and voluntary migration – remarkable skills of adaptation and survival to new political and cultural environments. The collapse of the Soviet Union engendered yet another experience of dislocation and mobility, this time of borders between peoples, with the establishment of new republics where before there had been one single Soviet state and homeland. -
Migrants, Subjects, Citizens: Comparative Perspectives on Nationality in the Prewar Japanese Empire
Volume 6 | Issue 8 | Article ID 2862 | Aug 01, 2008 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Migrants, Subjects, Citizens: Comparative Perspectives on Nationality in the Prewar Japanese Empire Tessa Morris-Suzuki Migrants, Subjects, Citizens: Comparative even maybe 20 million (ten times the current Perspectives on Nationality in the Prewar size) by the middle of this century, thus Japanese Empire creating a “Big Japan” with enhanced global power and prestige. (Sakanaka 2005; Akashi Tessa Morris-Suzuki and Ogawa 2008) Former Prime Minister Mori Yoshiro seems an Public statements by the Diet Members’ unlikely champion of a multicultural Japan. His League are part of an intensifying debate in brief term of office is, after all, perhaps best Japan about immigration and the place of remembered for the furore he evoked by a foreigners in Japanese society. Against a speech in which he described Japan as a background of impending population decline “Divine Nation headed by the Emperor”. This and global competition for skilled labour, the echo of prewar nationalism stirred fears at conventional battlelines of the migration home and abroad that senior Japanesedebate are being redrawn. Now some politicians still subscribed to Shinto myths of a conservative politicians are looking seriously at unique and racially superior Japan. Yet Mori the need to revise social policies, and even to today is an active participant in the ruling reform Japan’s nationality law, in order to Liberal Democratic Party’s “Diet Members’ adapt to an age of higher migration. League for Promoting Exchanges of Foreign Meanwhile, leading members of the opposition Human Resources” (Gaikoku Jinzai Koryu Democratic Party have been debating a Suishin Giin Renmei), an awkwardly-named proposal to give local voting rights to foreign body whose mission is to promote mass permanent residents: a proposal which immigration by making Japan a magnet for Sakanaka firmly excludes from his vision of Big skilled workers from around the world. -
Korean Diaspora in Kazakhstan: Question of Topical Problems for Minorities in Post-Soviet Space
Korean Diaspora in Kazakhstan: Question of Topical Problems for Minorities in Post-Soviet Space German Kim Introduction Kazakhstan is a multinational state. Dozens of nations and ethnic groups living there generate a lot of problems that are both immanently national and part of the system of international relations. Before moving to the presentation and causal-consequential analysis of the actual problems of the Korean Diaspora in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to make a brief historical inquiry into the pre-history and history of the appearance of Koreans in Kazakhstan and neighboring Central Asian states. By the beginning of the 20th century, situations of hunger, cruel exploitation by the ruling classes, and the Japanese colonial yoke forced tens of thousands of pauperized Koreans to migrate to Manchuria, the Russian Far East and America. At present the number of Koreans outside Korea constitutes more than 5 million, and the most numerous groups live in China (2 million); the USA (about 1 5 million); Japan (0.7 million) and the former USSR (0.450 million). On the Korean peninsula, which is divided at the 38th parallel, in the two opposing Korean states, there is one common social phenomenon—the absence of a national question. In both North and South Korea, the number of permanently living foreigners is minimal.1 In total, the number of Koreans who lived in the USSR according to the 1989 Census was 439 thousand, and a great bulk lived in Uzbekistan, Russia and Kazakhstan. The modern demography of the Korean population is characterized by dispersion. This demography is a legacy of the policy of forced migration during the Stalin era, and also by processes of migration and infiltration among the Korean population. -
A Transnational Tale of Two Nationalities* : Ethnic Koreans in Sakhalin Island and North Koreans in Kamchatka, Russia
한국민족문화 74, 2020. 2., 451~483 http://doi.org/10.15299/jk.2020.02.74.451 A Transnational Tale of Two Nationalities* : Ethnic Koreans in Sakhalin Island and North Koreans in Kamchatka, Russia 1) Chaimun Lee**ㆍKhvan Lyudmila Borisovna*** 1. Introduction 2. Theoretical Background on the Korean Diaspora in the Russian Far East(RFE) 3. Historical Sketch of Ethnic Koreans in Sakhalin and Kamchatka, Russia 4. Methodology 5. Transnationalism and the Soviet Koreans in Sakhalin and Kamchatka, Russia 6. Conclusion <Abstract> The goal of this study is to analyze diasporic aspects of North Korean migrants in Kamchatka, in comparison with those of Korean diaspora in Sakhalin. In particular, using narratives of ethnic Koreans obtained in two field surveys in Elizovo in Kamchatka, Russia and Jeonggwan in Busan, South Korea, this study tries to compare transnational practices of those Korean diaspora both in Sakhalin and Kamchatka, Russia. In this paper four transnational practices including alienation from the host countries, differences in kin-states, desire for an eventual return * This research was supported by Kyungpook National University Bokhyeon Research Fund, 2017. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the IEPAS2019 (6th Annual Conference on Eurasian Politics and Society) in Lisbon, Portugal (July 4-5, 2019). ** First author: Professor, Kyungpook National University, South Korea ([email protected]) *** Corresponding author: Professor, Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan - 451 - 2 / 한국민족문화 74 to the homeland, and Confucian ethics were analyzed and compared between those Korean immigrants in both residential areas. According to the results of the study, the closure of the political system in North Korea and the kin-state of Koreans living in the Kamchatka Peninsula caused the North Korean diaspora to confuse their feelings about their home country, but those could not weaken transnationalism among them. -
The Identity of Daramjwi Character in Anatoli Kim's Daramjwi
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 436 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019) The Identity of Daramjwi Character in Anatoli Kim’s Daramjwi Mutiara Chaerani1,* Eva Latifah1 1Department of Literature, Faculty of Humanity, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This novel is chosen because it is written by Korean representation author in Russia. This research discusses the identity crisis issue that occurs in Korean diaspora in Russia and Central Asia. Korean diaspora in Russia and Central Asia has been going on since the 1860s. We argue that the identity crisis that occurs in Korean diaspora in Central Asia and Russia happens because of lack of empathy. This argument is different from previous studies which show that the discrimination occurs because of racial minorities and ruler’s authority which did not allow migrants to come to Russia. This research is analyzed by using Genetic Structuralism theory and Identity Crisis theory. We use literature review method and Daramjwi novel by Anatoli Kim as the corpus. The authors also collect some data of Korean diaspora history, Anatoli Kim biography, documenter, and some news related to the research to support the argument. This research shows that the identity crisis occurs because of continuous discrimination without empathy from native Russian. Keywords: diaspora, Goryeoin, identity crisis, identity negotiation, Korean diaspora The history of Korean ethnic immigration to Russia cannot be separated from the starvation incident and arbitrary rule 1. INTRODUCTION in Joseon. Furthermore, the flow of Korean ethnic immigration to Russia increased again during Japanese Korean diaspora as whole is a group of people whose colonization in Korea. -
Asian American Representations in the Media Emily Wo Scripps College
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Scripps Senior Theses Scripps Student Scholarship 2012 Beyond the Color Line: Asian American Representations in the Media Emily Wo Scripps College Recommended Citation Wo, Emily, "Beyond the Color Line: Asian American Representations in the Media" (2012). Scripps Senior Theses. Paper 114. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/114 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Scripps Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scripps Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BEYOND THE COLOR LINE: ASIAN AMERICAN REPRESENTATIONS IN THE MEDIA by EMILY WO SUBMITTED TO SCRIPPS COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS PROFESSOR JAMES MORRISON PROFESSOR T. KIM-TRANG TRAN APRIL 20, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter One: Asian American Representations in Contemporary Television 7 Chapter Two: Uncharted Territory: The Jeremy Lin Effect 29 Chapter Three: Who Owns the Media? Asian American Independent Media On the Rise 41 Conclusion 52 2 Introduction In today’s mainstream media, there exists a visible lack of Asian American representation. When they are given roles in film and television, those roles often maintain the stereotypical ideology which has been dominant for decades. Asian American stereotypes in these media range from hard-working and servile to masters of the martial arts and often put forth a misguided or exaggerated impression of what Asian Americans are like as a group. I argue that these stereotypical representations of Asian Americans manifest themselves in viewers’ minds and affect the way they view the minority group far after the they power off their television sets. -
Fall 2003 Interview with Filmmaker Dai Sil Kim-Gibson >> by Sarah Barbour and Xian Barrett
A PUBLICATION OF THE ASIAN EDUCATIONAL MEDIA SERVICE Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies ✦ University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign A E M S Vol. 6, No. 3 News and Reviews Fall 2003 Interview with Filmmaker Dai Sil Kim-Gibson >> by Sarah Barbour and Xian Barrett Dai Sil Kim-Gibson has directed six films about t is a story that has been films in English on this topic Koreans and Korean Americans. She is probably best I silenced for half a century. were less than ten. Still, many know for her documentary Silence Broken, about It needed to be told. people said, “Hasn’t there been the Korean “Comfort The project started as a a work on this topic?” When- Women” and their con- book, and originally, I wanted ever I heard this, I couldn’t Interview tinuing quest for justice to do a feature film for theatri- even scream. from the Japanese gov- cal release. I knew that there Dai Sil Kim-Gibson I could only feel my ernment. Her other films, about subjects as seemingly would be a paucity of visual scream in the pit of my stom- disparate as the Sakhalin Island Koreans and the Los materials to make a documentary. More impor- ach. Because there were a book or two, publishers Angeles race riots, reflect her dedication to human tantly, I believed that as a feature drama, it would were reluctant to print my book. rights and her concern for individuals whose rights attract more people. But I couldn’t raise that kind I found a small publisher who printed my are violated. -
Andrei Lankov FORGOTTEN PEOPLE: the KOREANS of THE
Andrei Lankov FORGOTTEN PEOPLE: THE KOREANS OF THE SAKHALIN ISLAND IN 1945-1991 In early spring 1946, hundreds of Korean miners and fishers came to a small port city of Korsakov, located in the sounthernmost part of the Sakhalin island. Southern Sakhalin just changed ownership: after 40 years of the Japanese rule, its territory was retaken by the Russians, so local Japanese were moving back to their native islands. Koreans came to Korsakov because rumors which insisted: ships would soon arrive to take all Koreans from Sakhalin back home, to southern provinces of newly independent Korea. Those who came to Korsakov wanted to be first to board these ships. However, ships never came. This was, in a sense, a sign of things to come. The Sakhalin Koreans found themselves locked at the island in 1945 (much against their will) and for long time they hoped for some miracle which will let them return to their homes. This miracle did happen eventually, but only when it was too late for most of them, and when their children and grandchildren had completely different ideas about how life should be lived. The present article is largely based on the material which were collected during the author’s trip to Sakhalin in 2009. In recent years the local historians have produced a number of high- quality studies of the Sakhalin Koran community and its history. Unfortunately, these through and interesting studies are not well-known even in Russia outside the island, let alone overseas. The present article is based on the notes and materials provided by the Sakhalin historians and activists, as well as on some publications.