-,.. I• •/ • •',,J(J C:'J Mr; .... "I I ~ ~ f ") e · o cans in ewark, ew Je sC{/d/.,-~ ';~ ·~~· · A srudr . commentary and sta tistical analysis of the Puerto Rican in Newark e lS?O H'iTh._ additional statistjcs of the national Puerto Rican 'population .

/ } I I / / r .

I, ,,,. .,.,. • I"" '•, -' , J I " , I I' • 1./. ~ //' ~J( , ' '--') I • • I , /, / \ '-' . .,.··

N. J. REFERENCtiDMSIOM. LD ·( .'' ; l ' l I ' ! •' HUGH J. ADDONIZIO, Mayor j \I I' : ; r\ t ~ : Newark City Co11nci/111en I ~1 i' RALPH A. VILLANI, Council President '· FRANK ADDONIZIO I'. I I ' LEE BERNSTEIN ,1.: IvllCHAEL A. BONTEMPO I JOHN A. BRADY ' ,. JI ANTHONY GIULIANO I: PHILIP E. GORDON ;1.] I.I\ JoSEPH Y,. MELILLO , r I ' ! ·/ IRVINE I. TURNER !•. I ; •I , I' l I f .,I' ! I

Prepared and writ/en by: , ! 1 I ! RALPH ZINN, Acting Executive Director ~ . , I I ' MRS. ]'v!ARIE GONZALEZ, Puerto Rican & Spanish '1,;I I i I . t i Affairs Specialist ' , I i i I In association with i \ JOHN T. BARNES, Community Relations Specialist }' i. /i I' !ri C 0111 mission ers I: i : j' DR. MAXWELL M . KAYE, Chairman ·' I I :i' . / i WILLIAM M. ASHBY ; i I' l PAUL G. CAVICCHIA, Vice Chairman . '/! ' I, 8ENJAJ' ,..IIN EPSTEIN : ; i ; ! RICHARD J. FOLEY I: i ~ , '• l ; J LEONARD L. HOLMAN, Vice Chairman 1 '. HICKMAN L. HOLMES ; ! ' . : ~ I. MRS. SYLVIA JOSEPHSON , I JoHN M. MARKS I'{ 1.: } : LOUIS S . PITTS 'I I ! WILLIAM PURCELL :• '' HERBERT H . TATE r l \ '. I I LUCIUS H. TOMPKINS i~ i \ : RABBI ISRAEL TURNER I I E. ' ; DR. JACK YORK .! ·1 I:: I ' I I I < r :. ; ': ., I j ; iI' . ,, : ,,., ''' ' I'! i r

~ ~ I, 'I I' :, '. I' .. : --. '!,. . I I

I:

1 I' I I j N. J. . ~EFERENCEi DIVIS10'4 • L.D I : I . :'°( ,,; I' \ 1 I

,, ; i,i ''. ' 1,: i 1 I \ ,\' I ' I : , , 1, i. ·\. I• ., \ '. ' ' i :, I • . :, i i i ! ;' ;' l. \'' ', I ) 'i; i 1; I' \ ! ,I', \ : 1 \ } ' 1 ~ I ' I. ,, ., I ; 1 I

'1 ! !

·1 ; ~ , I I i l: \ l 'I I , I ,', ~:

.', ... , i.; ,, H I ' I.\ . ) . !· I ; \ o.r' 1 : . : :'I ' I l :• ~ : ! I

/ I 1 I 1.: "· 1,' ; ,: \ . ------·•. FOREWORD

' I I

; 1 This ,publication is a result of a vital need for information . ·'.: abo~t New.ark and the Nation's Puerto Rican population. , Since January 1963 the Newark Human Rights Commis­ ; sion, · through the ·efforts of Mrs. Marie Gonzalez, Puerto i"-!.Ricad & Spanish Affairs Specialist, has worked hard to establish Jines of communication with Newark's newest minority community . . . '.foday Newark's Puerto Rican population, recognizing the receptivity of Newark's Mayor Hugh J. Addonizio and the City Council, is cautiously dipping into the mainstream of our City's affairs with the hopeful anticipation that the resi­ dents of Newark will accept their efforts to contribute their ideas and talents for the benefit of the total community.

N.· J. REFERENCEOIVISIOM • LO I,

I I i 1.

I

• ......

:Many of America's traditions and basic ways ·of life .are due In 1917 Puerto Ricans became American citizens and were to the legacies of the many peoples and nations whose cul~ , given a limited amount of self-government. In November, ture and national characteristics washed upon our shores and ·1948, held its first popular election for Governor. refreshed our culture through time. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was officially proclaimed All of us_ have roots among the nations of the world and, by Congress, on July 25, 1952. n.;llumlly, arc proud of the contributions made by our re- · Listed below are several people of historical importance ~11r:divc ctli11lcg 1011p~. rcligio111' :ind an<.:cHtrnJ inhabitant~. who contributed to the Spanish influence in the United States 011c o( the C1Jlturcij adding an extra dimension to the followed by a list of Puerto Ricans in the United States who American way oflife is the Spanish. We are richer today in are active in various areas of contemporary America. our literature, art, music and language because of the Spanish Juan Ponce De Leon ( 1460-1521 )-Discoverer of Florida and contributions to that fantastic panoramic tapestry that has' i first governor of Puerto Rico. become American culture. Saint Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1521)-Founder of the Jesuits. One of the basic contributions of the Spanish culture to th~ Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616)-Spain's greatest American scene is found in the language we speak. There · ' 'literary figure. _ His work "Don Quixote de La Mancha" is are many words we use that may be considered, by us, to be i ·considered to be one of the great works of all time. basic English-yet if we were to trace their origins and usage ' . ' l)iego, Rodriquez de' Silva y Velasquez ( 1599-1660)-Con- we would find that the words are actu ally of Spanish origin !': ~idered Spain's greatest genius in painting. Listed below are some of the more widely used words in the _'. American vocabulary that derive from the Spanish lapguage. Bartolomo Esteban Murillo (1617-82)-A Spanish master of ,priinting. ! - · · :,11_ alligator renegade sherry El Greco-Although b1orne in Crete he lived in Spain since his armadillo siesta potato yputh. Is considered to be one of the masters o_fSpanish art. toreador mosquito desperado Father Junipero Serra (1713-84)-Founder of the famous cannibal Negro cargo chain of missions in California. embargo fandango cordovan I Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828)-A por­ canyon bonanzo bolero i.l 't~aitist,designer of tapestries, etcher and caricaturist. sarsaparilla barbecue pueblo Pablo Martin Meliton de Saranate y Navascues (1844-1908)- . sassafras chinchilla · lariat Violin virtuoso and composer of gypsy and Spanish dances. peccadillo ranch junta machete tornado sierra _Pablo Casals-Violoncellist, conductor and composer of one of the greatest cello virtuoses of modern times. garrotte corral punctilio adobe stevedore alpaca Salvador Dali-Spanish painter of world-wide importance who spade cafeteria plaza developed the style of "dream imagery"; otherwise known as the artist with the strange style. peon tortilla pimento stampede broncho cigar Jose Iturbi-Pianist and Hollywood figure. vanilla patio tango Pablo Picasso-A founder of cubist art and exponent of post avocado llama rodeo impressionistic art. bravado rhumba Andres Segovia-Guitar virtuoso who brought the guitar in­

I I strume.nt to the dignity of the concert stage. i Miguel de Unamuno-One of Spain's famous modern scholars SOME SPANISH PEOPLE OF and literary figures. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE Maurice Utrillo-Spanish painter and exponent of the poP_ular art style. Those Am ericans of Spanish ancestry who arrived here by Vincent Hlasco !banes (1867-1928)-0ne of the most widely way of Puerto Rico are possessors and ambassadors of the . known Spanish authors. Among his works are "The Four Spanish past. Puerto Rico was a Spanish possession for 405 Horesmen of the Apocalypse"; "Blood and Sand" and "Mare years-from 1493-1898. During the Spanish-American War Nostrum". of 1898, American troops landed on the island on July 25,' , Luis Munoz Rivera..!'T/ze George Washington" of Puerto Rico 1898 and according to the Treaty of Paris, of April 11, 1899, who won a Charter of Autonomy for Puerto Ric;o from Spain it became an American possession. j~ 1897.

I 1,

' j • I r. l.: .~( ;1,j 111

i ,r .. :•'1',!\ , ,,' ' .1 ! /, ' '. I

; ~ Luis Hernandez-City Collector, N.Y.C. PROMINENT PUERTO RICANS IN ·:; I• THE UNITED STATES '· 1 George Santiago-Mayor's Comm. Against Exploitation, N.Y.C. I : Frank Torres-Assemblyman, New York I• , I Carlos Rios-Assemblyman, New York ARCHITECTURE :\' 'I', Jose Ramos Lopez-Assemblyman, New York, Ruperto Ruiz-Naval Architect, Brooklyn Navy Yard L ; Asualdo de la Rosa-United States Navy ! EDUCATION • l Jose Fernandez i:i Jesus de la Madrid-Professor of Mathematics at Yale Uni­ ' I versity, New Haven, Conn. ENGINEERING ' Leopoldo Carecedo-Professor of Biochemistry at Fordham Ernesto Prado-Laboratories of Naval Engineer · University Arturo Gonzalez-Coast Guard ARTS \,) SCIENCE Jose Ferrer-Actor Guillermo Medina-Technical " Director, United States N1vy, Rita Moreno-Actress Hydrographic Office • ! '. - Singer, House Raul Rodriguez-Developed a method to use steam "super Graciela Rivera-0 pera Singer caliente" to create a fresh water lake under the s'{lrjace !in Greenland. Project was called the Rodriguez' Wells. '' "'"".. ' Miriam Colon-Actress Lolita San Miguel-Ballet Dancer, Metropolitan Opera Singer Dr. Marguarita Silva-Bacteriologist Eugenio Iglesias-Actor-TV-Mqvies-Hollywood, Calif. SPORTS-BASEBALL PLAYERS Chita Rivera-Actress Orlando (Peruchia) Cepeda-1st Baseman Juane Hernandez-Actor Ruben Gomez-Pitcher Jimmie Rogers-Dancer Roberto .Clemente-Outfielder Roly Rogers-Dancer Luis (Tito) Arroyo-Pitcher Juan Pizzaro-Pitcher Although Puerto Ricans are American Citizens by J\iw the Puerto Rican-due to his Spanish culture and largely rural BOXING background-is considered to be a foreigner by his other Carlos Ortiz-Lightweight Champion ' fellow-Americans. GOLF The American citizen has traditionally reacted in a v.ery Juan Chichi Rodriguez uniform way to newly arrived peoples who sought to live in TRACK AND FIELD , the United ~tates and contribute to her glorious history. Rolando Cruz The problems encountered by the migrant from Puerto Rico--A United States Citizen by birth-with reference to POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT language, housing, education, employment . and health-are Arturo Morales Carrion-Deputy Assistant Secretary of Int~r­ similar to those encountered by other "newcomers". A merican Affairs, United States Department of State, Wash­ The Island of Puerto Rico consists of 3,435 sq. miles, or ington, D.C. less than half the I size of New Jersey. The . Island is smaller Teodora Moscoso-Area Administrator for Latin America than every State except Rhode Island or Delaware. The actual Agency of International Development Alliance for Proih; State Department, Washington, D.C. · dimensions of this rectangular island are 135 miles long and 1 35 miles wide. It is located 1,600 miles southeast of New Herman Badillo-Commissioner of Relocation Department" York. The population of Puerto Rico is approximately Maria Chiques Cordero de Gonzalez-Puerto Rican & Spa~ish 2,300,000 and the majority of the people depend on agri­ Affairs, Newark, (N. J.) Human Rights Commission culture for their living. John Carro-Assistant to the Mayor, New York City Many people have the erroneous impression that the Puerto Emilio Nunez-Judge, Supreme Court, New York Rican is lazy--due to the fact that Puerto Rico is a tropical Carmen Marrero-New York State Commission of Human island, blessed with an average winter temperature of 73 de­ Rights grees. But this is far from the case and surveys have con­ Mario Rodriguez-Councilman, Camden, New Jersey firmed that 97 out of 100 Puerto Ricans like their jobs very Manuel Cabranes-Consultant, Department of Welfare, N.Y.C. much and that the average rate of absenteeism is 2 % or less. :' .'

1 ·1 i l t,· I

·.'·, I ; i' I . I, I I ': I I

The fact that the Puerto Rican is a dedicated and good THE NEWARK HUMAN RIGHTS worker is testified to by the vote of confidence "big business" ,' 1 COMISSION'S PROGRAM FOR THE has given to the island by relocating there. ' · PUERTO RICAN COMMUNITY Among the "blue chips" industries of the mainland that ,\ I, are located in Puerto Rico are: American Can Co., Botany:;: Since the Puerto Rican population in the City of Newark b~ Men's Wear, General Electric, International Shoe, M~iden\: g~n to increase, a number of projects have been implemented Form Parke-Davis Pharmaceuticals, Phclps~Dodge, Sperry- : \ to: facilitate the transition process of our new residents. Rand' Union Carbide and Western Electric. j,• I l ' ·'·, 1.: The Commission began planning for a curriculum de­ ~igned for Puerto Rican and other Spanish speaking children.

PUERTO RICO IN BRIEF \ ·: This project was initiated with the cooperation of Dr. ------,, '/ Leonard Covello, educational director of the Puerto Rican 1 .• AREA: Commonwealth, for the purpose of bringing to Newark, 1 3,435 square miles (about the size of Long Island). cl).ITicularapproaches ,that have been successful in New York .·\. , qty Schools . .~VERAGE YEARLY TEMPERATURE: 75.3 2. Informal group discussions for the purpose of explaining i t t6 the newly arrived Puerto Ricans, their rights and privilages, POPULATION: /.' as well as their obligations and responsibilities in Newark. About 2,349,000. '' 3~ Puerto Rican families are interviewed to det~rmine their POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE: needs and to aid them in their adjustment proc:ess. 687 persons as compared to 51 in the United States. 4,: The Staff of the I Commission attends periodic meetings GOVERNMENT: 1,: with representatives of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, in Self-governing Commonwealth of the United States associate~' : New York and at their regional offices in New Jersey. with the Federal Union by compact and mutual consentr ; ' ·1 Puerto Ricans have been American citizens since 1917. ' 5: Worked with the : Newark Board of Education to set up ~dditional classes in English for Puerto Ricans in those areas ) ,' LANGUAGE: ' l or heaviest population concentration. Spanish is the mother tongue, but English is also widelY:: , ,' ;The . Commission is planning the following: spoken. ', 1: Set up block branches in heavily populated Puerto Rican TOTAL INCOME IN WAGES: ai-eas of Newark, concentrating on meetings ·in homes or $926 million in 1960-61, up from $125 million in 1939-40. 1,: ~partments, wherever this is possible. PER CAPITA INCOME: :.~ b'. Develop a short course in Spanish for community leaders $700-the highest in the Caribbean and second highest in ! ,":ho work constantly with Puerto Ricans. Latin America. • I 3. Attempt to service the complaints of Puerto Rican shop­ TRADE WITH US: p~rs and protect them from certain unscrupulous merchants. $2,066,946 daily in 1960-61. Puerto Rico is the largest per · '4.· Do everything possible to improve the housing conditions capita consumer of American products in the world, and the : 1 1 of our Puerto Rican population and inform them of where to fifth largest in volume. , ; I I I.s eek additional municipal and county services. EDUCATION: The Commonwealth set aside 28% of its 1963-64 budget for· school purposes. This is the largest single item in the budget · .GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEWARK'S indicating the high priority of public education. ' : PUERTO RICAN COMMUNITY

1 BIRTH RATE PER 1,000 IN 1961: · i I I • I 31.0 as compared to 23.3 in the United States. :·· · 1960 Total Newark Puerto Rican Population 9,698 iNon-White 259 DEATH RATE PER 1,000 IN 1961: ' ,Median Age Puerto Rican Male 21.6 6.7 as compared to 9.3 in the United States. '·· '· ! '.Median Puerto Rican Female 19.2 I LIFE EXPECTANCY: I 1Median Age All Newark Residents Male 31.2 i I 70 years. I I : Female 32.0 '.I' if . \, ,1 ' ' : 1

' I i i I . I ;'1 I ;

I . l'

/ ' I 1 i \ I \ ', ' \ t I, 1 ' ' I . I" I I i .. ,\ i '. ti ' ' ., I' I 1,

i I'

~ ~ $ p ~ ,'; '' ' i \) l ! 1,: l ' f;f i '. ~ 1/1., I j '1 '" I l :

' i j ' i I ' I ; ~ I I I • ' I II Newark census tracts with 400 or more Puerto Rican~ by birth or parentage. U.S . Consus--1960 \ ' \' I I II : ,1 I l I t \ I : I ( I I I 1,: I , :\ 1 : I I l ; 'r I , " l ( I I 1' ': I' I '.

1,: I•

I I

I, ; %, Median Age Newark Metropolitan Area Male 32.7 1 I ·of Total 84.4 Female 34.1 F~~ale 14 years and over 2,735

MARITAL STATUS L~~or Force I 908 % of Total 33.2 Total Male Puerto Rican Population (over 14) 3,141 I I 1' I ' . Married 85S HOUSINO I'

Separated 108 1 '. Puerto Rican Families 2,413 I 1 . Widowed 46 Families living in Sound Housing 1,293 1 1 r I Divorced 43 Families living in Det~riorating Housing 961 Total Puerto Rican Female Population (over 14) 2/735 Fa~ilies living in Dilapidated Housing 159 •,i · I Married 635 \ ; Pu~rto Rican Families I living in: Separated 113 1 :Room Apartments 175 Widowed 90 · , , 2 Room Apartments 286 Divorced 81 · .:'. ,.. .$ :Room Apartments 595 ' ' .. . • 4 ;~oom Apartments 631 YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED .' I 5 ,Room Apartments 466 Persons 25 years old and over 3,838 6 'Room Apartments 200 Number School Years Completed 7 ,Room Apartments 25 Elementary 1-4 years '768 8 .Room Apartments 35 5-7 years 1,142 ';' ·! ~edian Number of Rooms 3.7 8 years 571 YEA:RS MOVED INTO UNIT High School 1-3 years 583 · .i 4 years 340 · 1958 - March 1960 1,589 ' i' College 1-3 years 77 ' . 1Q~4-1957 711 4 years or more 63 1953 or earlier 113 I; \ ·1 I I' Median School Years Completed-Puerto Ricans 7.3 ~,ul STRUCTURE WAS BUILT Median School Years Completed:...AllNewark Residents 9.0 1950-1960 (Families) 301 Median School Years Completed ' : '/: 1940-1949 115 Newark Metropolitan Area 11.1 • I 1939 or earlier 1,997 FAMILY INCOME Owner Occupied yiom~s-Puerto Rican Families -- Median Income (Puerto Ricans) $3,665 VALUE '- All Newark Residents $5,454 ' i:..essthan$ 8,000 41 Newark Metropolitan Area $6,267 $ 5,000- 9,000 9 · ·: -:.... 10,000- 14,900 22 ANNUAL EARNINGS 15,000 - 19,000 Un~r $1,000 147 20,000- 24,000 2,999 169 25,000 or more 5 3,999 570 4,999 326 GROSS RENT 5,999 207 Renter Occupied.:_Puerto Rican Families 2,352 6,999 158 $20 - $39 230 7,999 81 40- 59 580 8,999 61 60- 79 786 ' 9,999 38 80- 99 565 10,000 . 45 $100. or more 147 Median Rent for Puerto Ricans $ 68 EMPLOYME!'

' i I ' : I, ! i N. '.J. REJ:ERENCS DIVISION • LO ' . ,,;I I I l ; t

I ,

t' / I; (: i I 1. : ,·1 ,

November 1959 October 1963 DISTRIBUTION OF NON-ENGLISH . 1' Total Total SPEAKING PUPILS AND PUPILS OF f ; Total Puerto Totai Puerto Non- Rican Non­ Rican PUERTO RICAN BACKGROUND ' .~ 1 ! English Back­ English Back­ ------.•· ; ;, Speaking ground Speaking ground November 1959 October 1963 Total Total ~JBMBNTARYSCHOOLs l cont. Total Puerto Total Puerto : 1 6 18 Non­ Rican Non­ Rican '. :, :E::lJiottStreet ! 0 8! English Back­ English Back­ Fifteenth Avenue 6 13 15. 66 ground Speaking ground Speaking First A venue 0 0 2 : 0 ' I. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Fourteenth A venue 14 16 26 120 Arts 0 7 0 15 Franklin . 19 30 20 42 Barringer 6 7 14 15 I,'' Garfield 2 0 1· 10 Central 1 24 10 37 Hawkins Street 8 62 20 106 6 3 . 26 East Side 7 29 13 84 ' . Hawthorne Avenue 7 South Side 12 33 18 60 Lafayette Street* 107 153 126 162 Vailsburg 8 0 ·1,: Lincoln I 0 0 0 0 "· JHS Weequahic 4 1 22 36 Madison I 6 11 JHS . West Side 0 3 6 55 ~a pie A venue 2 0 2 0 1 Central Evening 0 27 70 185 'i l\.foKinley 62 171 58 ' 431 i' i Miller Street 45 107 27. 128 487 i / Total 30 131 161 Monmouth Street 3 19 \•. :i ., Morton Street 1 18 0 40 Il. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS ,i: ·. 8 , , I Mt.,Vernon 0 0 5 Broadway 0 21 7 93 Newton Street 16 47 0 19 Clinton Place 7 23 12 18 104 26 84 Ivy 1 0 (),liver Street 79 ' 0 ,.' 0 25 P~shine A venue 7 39 5 39 Madison 0 /'· _/ I I Quitman Street 65 124 Seventh Avenue 1 4 4 . 10 )·60 Ridge Street () 0 0 0 Webster 18 25 10 69 Robert Treat 8 17 1 7 West Kinney 12 37 10 I' Roseville A venue 2 1 0 6 Total 39 110 43 275 .South Street 8 57 37 108 .: ' I \. :south 8th Street , 2 4 10 45 ,.. : ;,,'/ Ill. ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS \ ;s ,outh 17th Street 4 6 25 32 Abington A venue 4 2 0 2 : I 45 ,.. :South 10th Street 0 24 7 Alexander Street O 0 3 2 '! :Speedway Avenue 0 0 0 1 Ann Street 26 6 57 14 :~ummer Avenue 16 31 25 98 Avon Avenue 10 5.6 1 i 38 7 15 23 i ;s·ussex Avenue 5 Belmont-Runyon 23 61 .' i ·Warren Street 8 24 5 49 I. I' . Bergen Street 16 61 3 25 'Waverly Avenue 2 5 4 27 1, I ' I Bragaw Avenue 2 2 2 18 ·Wilson Avenue · 10 33 42 46 Broadway 19 92 24 269 ·\1• ' I t I! 85 132 47 68 i j Total I 667 1,649 805 2,209 Burnet Street I \ : Camden Street 14 70 17 80 Central A venue 12 31 17 91 )IY. SPECIAL SCHOOLS Chancel or A venue 0 0 0 2 ;Arlington Avenue O 2 0 17 Charlton Street 5 21 4 20 "I '.A}yea Street 1 0 1 1 10 33 0 21 f I :);3oylan Street O 4 1 17 Cleveland I I 2 14 1 :4 : ~ranch Brook 2 5 0 2 Coe's Place ,, Dayton Street 13 81 26 205 , Bruce Street 2 1 5 4 Eighteenth A venue 0 37 0 9 Girls' Trade O 8 0 8

N. J. REFERENCEO!Vt~ ION . LO ·. ..,. ,,.. ' • I 'i . I I i I !11 ·, i

: I

I

:'i ' !. 20 October 1963 Brazilian 12 November 1959 7 · Total Total Chinese 5 Puerto Tot al Puerto Total Columbian 1 4 Non­ Rican Non­ Rican 109 Engl ish Back­ English Back- Cuban 21 _Speaking ground Speaking _ground Dominican 4 4 0 5 SPECIAL SCHOOLS cont. Equadorian French 4 4 Montgomery Street 2 17 1 36 German 8 3 South Market Street 0 15 0 6 Greek 5 10 Wickcliffe Street 0 6 0 2 Haitian 0 2 Woodland Avenue 0 0 0 0 Hungarian 5 7 Elliott Street (Visually 2 0 6 Iranian 0 Handicapped) 8 Israeli 8 55 Total 7 58 8 99 Italian 81 Japanese 0 2 SUMMARY .Panamanian 0 3 :1 Senior High Schools 30 131 161 487 'Peruvian 0 110 43 275 6 :s Junior High Schools 39 ' j' Polish Elementary Schools 667 1,649 805 2,209 Portuguese 47 108 Special Schools 7 58 8 99 Puerto Rican 513 603 'Rumanian 0 2 743 1,948 1,017 3,070 Grand Total Spanish 13 32 0 10 ---•Shifting populations have caused the above figures to change. Turkish 5 1 We are indicating the possibilities of the extent of change by ; Ukranian 0 ' 1 citing the 1964 statistics for Lafayette Street School. , Venezuelan 1 1 Yugoslavian 0 1 January 31, 1964-Lafayette Street School: 743 1,017 Registered 1305 120 Puerto Ricans Bom outside of Newark 566 43 Brazil m. Distribution of Non-English Speaking Pupils , According 171 Spoke NO English 141 Cuba to Schools "' I 135 Spoke a little English 180 Portugal ,Elementary i 667 805 280 Spoke good English 54 Spain · Junior High Schools 39 43 I , 28 Other Countries 1 161 , ,:Senior High Schools , 30 1 There are 450 students when entering Lafayette Street / ;Special Schools 7 8 School who spoke no English. 1 -

'1' t i 743 1,017 1. /. I Number of Non-English Speaking Pupils in All Schools ; I • I 1953 360 I. IV, •Number of Both English Speaking and Non-English Speak- 1954 486 I , ( ; ing Puerto Rican Pf pils According to Schools · I 1956 - 715 · . Year Elementary Secondary Special. Total 1957 - 809 ' : 1954 537 I 57 . 7 601 1 45 1958 - 882 ' ' 1956 969 120 J.H.S. 25 1114 I , 1959 743 I &HS" - ! -: 79 1963 1,017 160 J.H.S. :30 1297 - 1957 1106 S.H.S. 81 i; J.H.S . 90 n. Distribution of Non-English Speaking Pupils Accbrding 209 23 1664 ' : 1958 1432 S.H.S. 119 to Nationality I l November 1959 October 1963 I I J.H.S. 110 ' '. 1959 1649 241 ·58 1948 3 5 S.H.S. 131 Argentinian 1 I J.H.S. 275 Austrian 1 0 : ·, 1963 2209 647 ;99 2955 0 . S.H.S. 372 Belgian 1 , I I: N. J. R::FERENCE DlVlSION - w ., '· '; ( 1'!

I; I I' I '. I:,

.. ·~

P.R. P.R. v. Percentage of Total Puerto Rican Pupil Population ' which Total Bom Parentage was Non-English Speaking I-IAWAII Total Total Non-English 2,199 Honolulu 3,129 930 Year Population Speaking P.R . Percent INDIANA 1956 1114 333 29.8 13 Evansville 17 4 1957 1297 516 39.7 137 62 75 534 32.0 Fort Wayne 1958 1664 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago 6,270 4,221 2,049 1948 513 26.3 73 1959 Indianapolis 207 134 1963 2955 603 20.4 5 Muncie 5 I 50 Soµth Bend 106 56 PUERTO RICAN POPULATION BY STATES AND CITIES ILLINOIS 9,945 Chicago 35,361 25,416 5 SOURCE: U.S. Censuses of Population and Housing-1960 Final ,·'· Decatur 5 Report PHC (1)-154 7 Rockford 10 3 P.R. P.R. 33 18 Total Bora Parentage ! , . ~eoria 51

ALABAMA IOWA 20· 34 Birmingham 46 25 21 Des Moines 54 4 ~ Gadsden 4 4 Sioux City 4 65 '.':·1 35 21 Mobile 127 62 D~venport (Rock Islan~-Moline, Ill.) 56 67 47 20 !, ' Montgomery KANSAS 157 99 58 ARKA.NSAS Topeka 126 55 71 Little Rock-North Little Rock 128 91 37 Wichita KENTUCKY CONNECTICUT 165 129 36 Bridgeport 6,006 4,371 1,635 Lexington 86 54 32 Hartford 2,995 2,360 635 Louisville •: 174 New Britain 558 484 LOUISIANA New Haven 1,286 962 324 Baton Rouge 97 56 41 Norwalk 489 328 161 New Orleans 1,185 718 467 Stamford 461 354 107 Shreveport 142 101 41 Waterbury 1,083 783 300 MAINE 8 DELAWARE Portland 8 Wilmington 812 586 226 ' MARYLAND 593 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Baltimore 1,517 924 Washington, D.C. 3,661 2,427 . 1,234 MASSACHUSETTS 1,249 731 FLORIDA Boston 1,980 31 Jacksonville 240 167 73 Brockton 70 39 30 Miami 11,804 8,687 3,117 Fall River 86 56 26 Orlando 471 322 149 Lawrence -Haverhill 83 57 Tampa-St. Petersburg 1,704 1,008 696 Lowell 59 33 26 Pittsfield 17 17 GEORGIA 294 199 95 386 260 126 New Bedford Atlanta Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke 1,214 875 339 Augusta 183 135 48 Columbus 1,242 988 254 MICHIGAN 99 15 23 Macon 58 42 16 Ann Arbor 1,254 907 Savannah 142 99 43 Detroit 2,161 N. +Rrl'i.RENCI: 01v1S10M• LD I I I ,·/ ~ : i

i'

I \ ! ! I :

!. : ' P.R. , P.R. P.R. P.R. Born Parentage Total Born Parentage Total 54 38 16 Flint 220 105 115 ! . : Gree~sboro-High Point 45 24 21 Grand Rapids 202 105 97 Raleigh 9 9 ' Jackson 34 16 118 · Winston-Salem • I : / 67 20 47 1 Kalamazoo f. J ILLINOIS 62 47 15 1 10 3 7 Lansing '' Rockford Saginaw 39 19 20 ,., ' ; 124 78 46 '. · OHIO : Muskegon-Muskegon Heights 166 99 67 I Akron 55 : 21 MINNESOTA '. Canton 76 9 70 Duluth-Superior 9 , .: Cincinnati 173 103 : 179 1,471 Minneapolis-St. Paul 317 138 Cleveland 4,595 3,124 · 142 · Coluplbus 392 250 : MISSOURI I 251 137 114 28 24 ' 4 • • Dayton Springfield 1 17 20 i.1 Lim~ 25 8 St. Louis 60 40 52 Hamilton-Middletown 12 12 Kansas City 161 109 Springfield ,30 9 . 21 29 NEBRASKA Toledo 84 55 · 82 35 Lincoln 117 : Yo~ngstown-Warren 2,622 1,820 ; 802 39 Omaha 133 94 .:.- OKI:.AHOMA NEVADA Tulsa 253 120 · 123 52 20 32 i : I Las Vegas J OREGON NEW HAMPSHIRE 112 59 · 53 4 Portland Manchester 20 16 PENNSYLVANIA NEW JERSEY 1 · Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 1,616 1,159 557 702 220 Atlantic City 922 7 1: 4,127 . Alt~pna II Jersey City 14,911 10,784 - 142 _ 39 • 1 ·Erie': ' 181 4,710 3,322 1,388 Middlesex County ' '. Ha~risburg .;,: 231 160 71 Paterson, Clifton, Passaic 9,140 6,641 2,499 \ Jotjnstown 68 25 . 43 Trenton 2,013 1,559 454 160 I Lancaster 601 541 : Somerset County 316 209 107 6,638 , Phil~delphia 22,373 15,735 · Newark 13,467 9,698 3,769 1 Reading 722 508 ; 214 24 . 31 NEW YORK Scranton I 55 13 . Albany-Schenectady-Troy 433 210 223 Wilkes-Barre - Hazleton 36 23

' I Binghamton 102 42 60 York 94 39 . 55 Buffalo 3,193 2,052 1,141 I RH':)DE ISLAND Nassau County 4,199 2,225 1,974 Providence 272 106 New York City 612,574 429,710 182,864 Ii Rochester 2,101 1,493 608 : - SOUTH CAROLINA 54 Rockland County 2,212 1,331 881 Chai'leston 209 155 : 472 98 Suffolk County 7,340 4,289 3,051 Columbia 570 19 I 8 Syracuse 239 139 100 Greenville 27 161 109 52 Utica-Rome TENNESSEE 3,105 2,021 1,084 Westchester County Chfittanooga 61 37 24 41 ;- I 58 17 NORTH CAROLINA Knoxville 113 70 , 43 Charlotte 62 28 34 ' · Na·s~ville 39 , 33 Durham 30 21 9 Me~phis 72 ,. I N. J. JitCFERN CE DIVISION LO /

P.R. P.R. An intensive study of health and related problem of 80 Puerto Total Born Parentage Rican families Jiving in a New York City slum. See also the UTAH 'anthropological study, covering some of the same families and others, Up From Puerto Rico by Elena Padi11a. Ogden 43 16 27 Salt Lake City 312 125 187 Brameld, Theodore The Remaking of a Culture. Life and Education in Puerto Rico; VIRGINIA Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York, Copyright 1959. Newport-New Hampton 507 388 11f Norfolk-Portsmouth 720 494 226 1 ; 'Ccbollcro, Pedro A. I , A School Language Policy for l'ucrto Rico. Superior E

1940...... --425* 1952•••••••••••••••••••.59,103I l point in this book is the people of Puerto Rico. · In addition the / 1941...... 643 / 1953 ...... 89,124 : ' author examines the problems and opportunities co~ronting Puerto I . , i Ricans who come to the mainland. 1942 ...... 1,679 1954 ...... :.21,531 , ' ' ' j ! ' 1943•••••••••••••••••••• 3,204 1955•••••••••••••••••,,.45,464 I : ;Handlin, Oscar 1944 ...... 11,201 1956 ...... 52,315, : ,The Newcomers: Negroes and Puerto Ricans in a Changing Met­ 1945 ...... 13,573 1957 ...... 37,704 , roppolis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. 171 pp. 1946 ...... 39,91 l 1958 ...... 27,699 . , ·. A study of past immigrations to New York and the city's latest I newcomers. 1947••••••••••••••••••••24,551 1959 ..... , ..... , .. ,,,.,,29,989 I I , 1948 ...... 32,775 1960 ...... 16,298 : · 'Hanson, Earl Parker 1949 ...... 25,698 1961 ...... -1, 754 ~- i Puerto Rico: Land of Wonders. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950 ...... 34, 703 1962 ...... T 11,664 , '. ,1960. 320 pp. I I 1963 ...... -5,479* . '. Hanson, Earl Parker I' • I 1 '' : .Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico. New York: . *The minus sign is used to indicate a net outflow from the con- Simon and Shuster, 1955. 416 pp. tinental United States to Puerto Rico. , , SOURCE: San Juan Office, Immigration and Naturalization Se~~ I Higham, John vice-U.S. Department of Justice. · ,' ( ; Strangers in the Land r Patterns of American Nativism 1860-1925. , ,New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, 1955, 429 pp. The American BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ) pativ.ist who believed that it was all right to be :descended from PUERTO RICO AND PUERTO RICANS 1mn11grantsb ut all wrong to be one. I. ' 1 Mills, C. Wright, Senior Clarence, and Goldsen, Rose Kohn. Berle, Beatrice Bishop pie Puerto Rica11Joumey. New York: Harper, 1950. 238 pp. 80 Puerto Rican Families in New York City Health and Diseas; ! · A documented study of Puerto Ricans in New York City based Studies in Context. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958. . bn a scientific survcry of 5,000 Puerto Ricans living in Harlem and 331 pp. 1 !nthe Morrisania Section of the Bronx. ·\. ·' I: I

. ( I' N. J. R£FERENC6· ·i)JVfSIO~ LD ,. 1 ·, , ' 'I..'

!.

. . 11' i ! \ ! :i i Morrison, J. Gayce ; A Program of Education for Puerto Ricans in New York City . The Puerto Rican Study, 1953-1957: A Report on the Education '. i A Report prepared by a Committe e of the Association of Assistant and Adjustment of Puerto Rican Pupils in the Public Schools of 1 Superintendents, New York. Chairman, Dr. Clar e Baldwin, As· th e _Cit y of N ew York. New York: The Puerto Rican Study of I," sbtant Superintendent for Districts 10 and 11 (East Harlem). the New York City lloard of Education , 1958. 265 pp. New'York City Board of Education, 1947. 107 pp. The final report of this four ycnr study sponsored by tho Donrd: ·· ( 1) Backgrounds; (2)' Migration to tho Mainlanci; (3) Problems of Edu c.ation Under a grant -in-aid from the Fund for the Advance- , ,; o(Assimilation; (4) The Education of the Puerto Rican pupil; 1 mcnt of Educ a tion. 1 i (5) Recommendations . i ' ,1 I Osuna, Juan Jose ! · Puerto Rican Pupils in New York City Schools 1951. A History of Education in Puerto Rico. Editorial De La Uni- · 1 Report of the Mayor's Advisory Committee on Puerto Rican Af. ver sidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.R., 1949. Covers all types fairs Sub-Committee on 1Education, Recreation and Parks. 102 pp. of educ:itional activities from the Spanish Conquest to 1949, dis- ,, : '. A' survey of 7 5 Elem~ntary and Junior High Schools as well as cussing various policies related to the teaching of English and ,: I a: report on Day Classes!for Adults, Evening Schools, Communi ty other equally pressing problems. I'.' Centers, Afternoon Centers and Vacation Playgrounds. Report Padilla, Elena prepared under directio1;1of Dr. Leonard Covello, , Principal of Be,;ijamin Franklin High School. Up From Puerto Rico. New York: Columbia UniversitY1.:Press, , · 1 ( I 195S. 317 pp . (;: I ; I

I Rand, Christopher , , The Puerto Ricans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1958. ·': . 178 pp . An expanded account of the material covered in the author's ' New York series. Salisbury, Harrison ! ) , r : The Shook-Up Generation. New York: H~er, 1958._ 256 pp. : ? ,\ I An expanded version of an excellent senes of art1cfos _that ·; I: ~· eared in the New York Times, March 24-30, 1958, by a Pulitzer · 1 app , • d h • I ' ,, Prize-winning journalist. The author_ discusses ma equ~te .. ousmg, 1 I ; CIVIC· · neglect , the failures of education, and parental, md1fference • , '; 1 as causal factors in juvenile de!inqu~ncy of all_ ethmc groups. The ,. ' '· Puerto Ricans are viewed as presenting no uruque problems. ·1 • l \ I I Senior, Clarence l ! / 1' Strangers-Then Neighbors : The Story of Our Puerto Rican /•. ,, Citizens. New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, "' . 1961. 86 pp. !. ~ i '. Steward, Julian H. I ' j f et al. The People of Puerto Rico. ("A Social Science Rese!1rch i" I \ Center Study, College of Social Sciences, University of Pllerto Rico.") Urbana, Ill.: Universtiy of Illinois Press, 1956. 540 pp. I . ~'' 1' A detail anthropological study of five subcultures in Puerto Rico, ·; including sugar, coffee, and tobacco areas, and the prominent fam- ,-' I 1. ilies of Puerto Rico. Tuck, Ruth D. :· ~ ; Not with the Fist. Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York 1946, 231 pp. A study of Mexican Americans in a Southern City. The author illustrat es and dramati zes her theme by following the fortunes of a Mexican-American family-its problems, its aspira­ tions, it weaknesses and frustrations. Wakefield, Dan Jsland in the . City: The World of Spanish Harlem. Boston: Houghton Millin , 1959. 278 pp. A reporter's often moving and highly readable account of life among some of the people who have inherited what are probably the city's worst slums. N. J. REl=ER.ENC6 OIVISIOM • .L O

' i